Timeline 1800-1810
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1800 Jan 7,
Millard Fillmore, 13th US president (1850-1853), was born in Summerhill
(Locke), N.Y.
(SFC, 2/21/97, p.A25)(AP, 1/7/98)(HN, 1/7/99)
1800 Jan 10, The US Senate
ratified a peace treaty with Tunis.
(ON, 10/06, p.7)
1800 Jan 20, Carolina, the sister
of Napoleon I, married King Joachim Murat of Naples.
(MC, 1/20/02)
1800 Jan 23, Edward Rutledge (50),
US attorney (signed Declaration of Independence), died.
(MC, 1/23/02)
1800 Jan 24, Edwin Chadwick,
British social reformer, was born.
(MC, 1/24/02)
1800 Jan 30, US population was
reported at 5,308,483; Black population 1,002,037 (18.9%).
(MC, 1/30/02)
1800 Jan, Pierre Samuel du Pont de
Nemours, his two sons and their families, arrived in Newport, Rhode
Island, from France.
(SFC, 7/10/00, p.A32)
1800 Jan, Lord Elgin established
his British embassy in Constantinople. His orders were to open the
borders for trade, obtain entry for British ships to the Black Sea and
to secure an alliance against French military expeditions in the
eastern Mediterranean.
(ON, 11/99, p.2)
1800 Feb 11, William Henry Fox
Talbot (d.1877), British inventor and pioneer in instantaneous
photography, was born.
(AHD, 1971, p. 1312)(V.D.-H.K.p.273)(HN, 2/11/01)
1800 Mar 14, James Bogardus, US
inventor, builder (made cast-iron buildings), was born.
(MC, 3/14/02)
1800 Mar 17, English warship Queen
Charlotte caught fire and 700 people died.
(MC, 3/17/02)
1800 Mar 20, French army defeated
Turks at Heliopolis, Turkey, and advanced to Cairo.
(MC, 3/20/02)
1800 Apr 2, 1st performance of
Ludwig van Beethoven's 1st Symphony in C.
(MC, 4/2/02)
1800 Apr 15, Sir James Clark Ross,
Scottish explorer, was born. He located the Magnetic North Pole.
(HN, 4/15/99)
1800 Apr 16, George Charles
Bingham, British soldier, was born. He commanded the Light Brigade
during its famous charge.
(HN, 4/16/01)
1800 Apr 24, US Congress approved
a bill establishing the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C. with a
$5,000 allocation.
(HFA, ‘96, p.28)(AP, 4/24/97)(HN, 4/24/98)
1800 May 5, Louis Hachette, French
publisher (Librairie Hachette), was born.
(MC, 5/5/02)
1800 May 7, US Congress divided
the Northwest Territory into two parts. The western part became the
Indiana Territory and the eastern sections remained the Northwest
Territory.
(HN, 5/7/99)
1800 May 7, Niccolo Piccinni
(72), Italian composer (Roland), died.
(MC, 5/7/02)
1800 May 9, John Brown, American
abolitionist, was born. His adventures came to an end at Harper's
Ferry, where he tried to start a revolution against slavery.
(HN, 5/9/99)
1800 May 14, Friedrich von
Schiller's "Macbeth," premiered in Weimar
(MC, 5/14/02)
1800 May 15, King George III
survived a 2nd assassination attempt.
(MC, 5/15/02)
1800 May 19, French Bosbeeck,
veterinarian, robber, was hanged.
(MC, 5/19/02)
1800 May-Dec, US presidential
elections were held over this period. On Dec 3 state electors met and
cast their ballots and a tie resulted between Thomas Jefferson and
Aaron Burr.
(http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/collections/jefferson_papers/mtjtime3c.html)
1800 Jun 4, The US White House was
completed and President & Mrs. John Adams moved in. [see Nov 1]
(MC, 6/4/02)
1800 Jun 14, French General
Napoleon Bonaparte pushed the forces of Austria out of Italy in the
Battle of Marengo. In 2007 the sword he wore was auctioned off for over
$6.4 million.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Marengo)(SFC, 6/11/07, p.A2)
1800 Jun 14, Jean-Baptiste Kleber
(47), French general, architect, was murdered.
(MC, 6/14/02)
1800 Jul 6, The Sultan of
Constantinople at the behest of Lord Elgin issued written orders to his
officers in Athens for cooperation with Giovanni Lusieri and the
removal of sculptures from the Parthenon.
(ON, 11/99, p.2)
1800 Jul 8, Dr. Benjamin
Waterhouse gave the 1st cowpox vaccination to his son to prevent
smallpox. [see May 14, 1796]
(MC, 7/8/02)
1800 Aug 21, The US Marine Band
gave its first concert near the future site of the Lincoln Memorial.
(SFC, 5/20/96, p.A-3)
1800 Sep 6, Catherine Esther
Beecher, educator who promoted higher education for women, was born in
East Hampton, Long Island, NY.
(HN, 9/6/98)
1800 Sep 7, The NYC Zion AME
Church was dedicated.
(MC, 9/7/01)
1800 Sep 23, William Holmes
McGuffey, educator, was born. He is famous for his book "Eclectic
Readers" (McGuffey Readers).
(HN, 9/23/98)
1800 Oct 1, Spain ceded Louisiana
to France in a secret treaty.
(AP, 10/1/97)
1800 Oct 2, Nat Turner, slave and
the property of Benjamin Turner, was born in Southampton county, Va. He
was sold in 1831 to Joseph Travis from Jerusalem, Southampton county,
Va.
(www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part3/3p1518.html)
1800 Oct 3, George Bancroft,
historian, known as the "Father of American History" for his 10-volume
A History of the United States, was born.
(HN, 10/3/98)
1800 Oct 7, Gabriel, slave revolt
leader in Virginia, was hanged. Gabriel Prosser had mounted a slave
rebellion.
(SFC, 6/24/96, p.A19)(MC, 10/7/01)
1800 Oct 25, Thomas Babington
Macaulay (d.1859), England, poet and historian, was born. "No
particular man is necessary to the state. We may depend on it that, if
we provide the country with popular institutions, those institutions
will provide it with great men."
(AP, 11/30/97)(MC, 10/25/01)
1800 Oct 26, Helmuth Karl von
Moltke, Prussian Field Marshal and Count, was born. His reorganization
of the Prussian Army led to military victories that allowed the
unification of Germany. His father was a German officer serving in the
Danish army. His greatest innovation was the creation of a fighting
force that could mobilize quickly and strike when and where it chose.
He was one of the first generals to grasp the importance of railroads
in moving troops. In 1995 Otto Friedrich authored a biography of the
Moltke family line from Bismarck to Hitler: “Blood and Iron: From
Bismarck to Hitler the von Moltke Family’s Impact on German History.”
(WSJ, 11/7/95, p.A-20)(HN, 10/26/98)
1800 Nov 1, John and Abigail Adams
moved into "the President’s House" in Washington DC. It became known as
the White House during the Roosevelt administration.
(SFEC, 5/7/00, p.T8)(MC, 11/1/01)
1800 Nov 17, The Sixth Congress
(2nd session) convened for the first time in Washington, DC, in the
partially completed Capitol building. Previously, the federal capital
had briefly been in other cities, including New York,
Philadelphia, and Annapolis, Maryland. George Washington- a surveyor by
profession- had been assigned to find a site for a capital city
somewhere along the upper Potomac River, which flows between Maryland
and Virginia. Apparently expecting to become president, Washington
sited the capital at the southernmost possible point, the closest
commute from Mount Vernon, despite the fact that this placed the city
in a swamp called Foggy Bottom.
(HN, 11/17/98)(AP, 11/17/07)
1800 Nov 24, Weber's opera "Das
Waldmadchen," premiered in Freiburg.
(MC, 11/24/01)
1800 Dec 2, John Brown (d.1859),
US abolitionist, was born. He was hanged for murder in the Harper’s
Ferry Incident in 1859. John Brown led the raid on the Federal Arsenal
at Harper’s Ferry. The incident is the backdrop for George MacDonald
Fraser’s novel "Flashman and the Angel of the Lord."
(WUD, 1994, p. 190)(HFA, ‘96, p.44)(WSJ, 4/10/95, p.
A-16)
1800 Dec 3, Austrians were
defeated by the French at the Battle of Hohenlinden, near Munich.
(HN, 12/3/98)
1800 Dec 3, US state electors met
and cast their ballots for the presidency. A tie resulted between
Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr.
(http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/collections/jefferson_papers/mtjtime3c.html)
1800 In the US presidential
elections Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied in electoral votes. The
selection was then moved to the House of Representatives where on the
36th ballot Vermont and Maryland switch their votes to Jefferson. [see
Feb 17, 1801]
(A&IP, ESM, p.26)(WSJ, 10/27/99, p.A16)
1800 Dec 12, Washington DC was
established as the capital of US.
(MC, 12/12/01)
1800 Dec 29, Charles Goodyear
(d.1860), inventor of vulcanized rubber for tires, was born.
(HN, 12/29/98)
1800 Dec, In Virginia Martha
Washington set all her slaves free.
(SFEC, 5/2/99, Z1 p.8)
1800 France Presern (d.1849),
author, painter, poet, musician, mathematician and architect, was born
in Slovenia. His image was later featured on Slovenia’s 1,000-tolar
bills.
(SSFC, 8/18/02, p.C6)
c1800 Johann Christian Reinhart,
German artist, created his work: "The History Painter, Caricature."
(WSJ, 7/16/98, p.A16)
1800 Friedrich Schiller wrote his
drama "Mary Stuart." The play is compressed into the last 3 days of
Mary’s life.
(SFC, 4/3/98, p.C1)(WSJ, 9/27/01, p.A16)
1800 Rev. Mason L. Weems (d.1825)
authored the biography "Life of Washington."
(ON, 12/00, p.9)
c1800 Father Demetrius Gallitzin
(1770-1840), a Russian-born Catholic priest, was directed by bishop
John Carroll to investigate spirits in the home (Wizard's Clip) of Adam
Livingstone in the Shenandoah Valley.
(WSJ, 10/30/03, p.W17)
1800 Congress allocated a room in
the Capitol for the US Supreme Court.
(www.supremecourthistory.org)
1800 The American political
"revolution" brought the Republicans to office in the (sic) first
peaceful transition of power between rival political parties in human
history.
(WSJ,2/11/97, p.A18)
c1800 Worcestershire sauce was a
ketchup and came out about this time.
(SFC, 7/3/96, zz-1,p.3)
1800 Jean Baptiste Pointe du
Sable, a pioneer trader and founder of the village that became Chicago,
sold his holdings and moved to a Missouri farm.
(SFEC,10/19/97, Z1 p.2)
1800 The population of the world
doubled from what it was in 1500 to more than 800 million.
(V.D.-H.K.p.168)
1800 William Herschel (1738-1822),
German-born English astronomer, detected what later became known as
infra-red red light in experiments with glass prisms and thermometers.
(NH, 11/1/04, p.54)
1800 Alessandro Volta (1745-1827),
Italian physicist, first demonstrated the electric pile or battery.
(V.D.-H.K.p.269)(Econ, 3/8/08, TQ p.22)
1800 Robert Fulton (35) tested a
20-foot model of his torpedo-armed submarine on the Seine. He made two
20-minute dives himself.
(WSJ, 9/24/01, p.A22)
1800 John Chapman (1774-1845),
Johnny Appleseed, a Swedenborgian missionary, a land speculator, a
heavy drinker and an eccentric dresser, began planting orchards across
western Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Indiana from seed. (T&L, 10/1980,
p.42) )(AHD, p.225)(HNQ, 1/2/01)
1800 Lieven Bauwens stole a
spinning "mule jenny" machine from Britain. He had it dismantled and
smuggled out in a cargo of coffee. This enabled the textile industry in
Ghent, Belgium, to greatly expand. Britain sentenced Bauwens to death
in absentia and Ghent made him a hero.
(SFEC, 11/21/99, p.T11)
1800 Mary Robinson (42/43),
writer, actress, courtesan and fashion icon, died. In 2005 Sarah
Gristwood authored “Perdita: Royal Mistress, Writer and Romantic.”
Paula Byrne authored Perdita: The Literary, Theatrical, Scandalous Life
of Mary Robinson.”
(SSFC, 3/27/05, p.E2)
1800 The Parliament in Westminster
passed an Act of Union formally binding Ireland with England and
abolished the Irish parliament. The Act of Union entailed the loss of
legislative independence of the Irish Parliament.
(SFEC, 12/22/96, Z1, p.6)(WSJ, 11/20/98, p.W6)
1800 The French regained the
territory of Louisiana from Spain by the secret Treaty of Ildefenso.
(CO, Grolier’s, 11/10/95)
1800 Dessalines, a lieutenant of
Haitian rebel leader Toussaint L'Ouverture (Louverture),
butchered many mulattoes (the estimates range from 200 to 10,000).
(http://tinyurl.com/22xwby)(WSJ, 1/19/07, p.W4)
1800 The Althing of Iceland was
abolished by the Danish king.
(HNQ, 4/28/00)
1800 About this time an Arab
nomadic tribe settled in the southern Israeli desert of Negev. The
Al-Sayyid community that developed there grew with a high incidence of
profound deafness due to a recessive gene. The village developed a sign
language in response that came to be called the Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign
Language (ABSL). In 2007 Margalit Fox authored “Signs and Wonders,”
which told the Al-Sayyid story as part of a history of linguistics and
sign language in American and the world.
(WSJ, 8/23/07, p.D7)
1800 Ito Jakuchu (b.1716),
Japanese painter based in Kyoto, died.
(SFC, 12/8/05, p.E12)
1800 In Sweden Count Balthazar Von
Platen started the Gut Canal.
(SFEC, 4/20/97, p.T8)
c1800 Many Bantu people from
Malawi, Mozambique and Tanzania were taken from their homes and sold as
slaves in Somalia.
(NW, 9/2/02, p.35)
1800-1830 The Regency Period of England. It was named
after George Augustus Frederick, Prince of Wales, who became prince
regent in 1811.
(WSJ, 3/26/99, p.W10)
1800-1861 This period was covered by Nicholas E. Tawa
in his 2000 book: "High-Minded and Low-Down: Music in the Lives of
Americans, 1800-1861."
(WSJ, 5/31/00, p.A24)
c1800-1900 Charles M. Russell, 19th century American
landscape painter. In 2001 his painting "A Disputed Trail" sold for
$2.4 million.
(WSJ, 9/7/01, p.W11)
1800-1900 In the 1990s Claude Rawson wrote Vol. 4 of
"The Cambridge History of Literary Criticism: The Eighteenth Century."
(WSJ, 1/15/98, p.A17)
1800-1900 In California floods turned the Central
Valley into a lake 700 miles long.
(SFC, 1/7/97, p.A10)
c1800-1900 Sir David Brewster, 19th cent. Scottish
scientist, inventor of the kaleidoscope.
(Hem., Nov.’95, p.126)
c1800-1900 J.H. Salisbury was a 19th century English
dietician who recommended a diet of ground steak for a variety of
ailments including pernicious anemia, tuberculosis and hardening of the
arteries. His name gave rise to "Salisbury steak."
(WUD, 1994, p.1262)
1800-1900 19th century Tokyo was called Edo and
served as the shogun’s power seat.
(SFEC, 8/9/98, p.T5)
1800-1900 In what later became Pakistan feudal
families came to power when the British made weak vassals into a
hereditary land-owning elite loyal to London.
(WSJ, 8/7/98, p.A1)
1800-1900 In South Africa the Witwatersrand gold
mines were discovered, the largest gold reserve find in the world. The
gold came from a strip of land 62 miles long and 25 miles wide and
produced three-fourths of all the gold ever mined.
(SFEC, 4/21/97, p.A10)(SFEC, 8/8/99, Z1 p.8)
1800-1900 The main river channel at Hoi An, Vietnam,
shifted toward Danang and made navigation by deep-draft ships
difficult, and thus lost its commercial importance. A new port was
built on the Han River at Da Nang.
(AM, Mar/Apr 97 p.H)(SFEC, 4/26/98, p.T4)
1801 Jan 1, Giuseppi Piazzi
(d.1826), Italian astronomer, discovered an asteroid orbiting between
Mars and Jupiter. He believed it to be a planet and named it Ceres
(goddess of the harvest).
(NH, 7/02, p.36)
1801 Jan 11, Domenico Cimarosa
(51), Italian composer (Matrimonio segreto), died.
(MC, 1/11/02)
1801 Jan 20, US Secretary of State
John Marshall was nominated by President Adams to be chief justice. He
was sworn in on Feb. 4, 1801. Marshall effectively created the legal
framework within which free markets in goods and services could
establish themselves.
(WSJ, 3/10/99, p.A22)(AP, 1/20/08)
1801 Jan 28, Francis Barber (ca.
1735 – 1801), the Jamaican manservant of Samuel Johnson (1752-1784),
died at the Staffordshire General Infirmary.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Barber)(http://tinyurl.com/2njdfy)
1801 Jan, Toussaint Louverture,
ignoring the commands of Napoleon Bonaparte, overran Spanish Santo
Domingo, where slavery persisted.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toussaint_L'Ouverture)
1801 Feb 4, John Marshall was
sworn in as chief justice of the United States.
(AP, 2/4/97)
1801 Feb 7, John Rylands,
merchant, philanthropist, was born in England.
(MC, 2/7/02)
1801 Feb 17, The House of
Representatives broke an electoral tie between Thomas Jefferson and
Aaron Burr, electing Jefferson president. Burr became vice president.
When George Washington announced that he would retire from office, he
set the stage for the nation’s first two-party presidential campaign.
(AP, 2/17/98)(HN, 2/17/98)
1801 Feb 17, Thomas Jefferson won
the White House vowing to get rid of all federal taxes. He was
supported by a new coalition of anti-Federalists that was the ancestor
of the Democratic Party. In 2003 Jules Witcover authored "Party of the
People: A History of the Democrats."
(WSJ, 10/10/97, p.A1)(WSJ, 6/10/98, p.A18)(SSFC,
11/23/03, p.M1)
1801 Feb 21, John Henry Newman,
was born. He was the Protestant vicar who converted to Catholicism and
became a Roman Catholic Cardinal. He authored "Dream of Gerontius."
(HN, 2/21/99)(MC, 2/21/02)
1801 Feb 27, The District of
Columbia was placed under the jurisdiction of Congress.
(AP, 2/27/98)
1801 Feb 28, Motiejus
Valancius, Lithuanian educator, historian, writer and bishop, was born
in Nasrenai in the Kretinga region. He died May 29, 1875, in Kaunas.
His portrait is on the 2-litas note.
(LC, 1998, p.4,10)(LHC,2/28/03)
1801 Mar 3, 1st US Jewish
Governor, David Emanuel, took office in Georgia.
(SC, 3/3/02)
1801 Mar 4, Thomas Jefferson
became the first President to be inaugurated in Washington, D.C.
(1801-1809). James Madison became secretary of state. In his inaugural
address Jefferson said: "Though the will of the majority is in all
cases to prevail, that will, to be rightful, must be reasonable; the
minority possesses their equal right, which equal laws must protect,
and to violate would be oppression."
(WSJ, 2/2/95, p.A-16)(SFC, 1/3/97, p.A26)(HN, 3/4/98)
1801 Mar 10, Britain conducted its
first census in order to find out how many men were available for
conscription.
(Econ, 1/12/08,
p.75)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UK_Census)
1801 Mar 11, Paul I (46), Czar of
Russia (1796-1801), was strangled in his bedroom in St. Petersburg
ending 4 years of insane rule. His son Alexander I Pavlovich (23)
succeeded him.
(PCh, 1992, p.360)(SS, 3/23/02)
1801 Mar 14, Christian Friedrich
Penzel (63), composer, died.
(MC, 3/14/02)
1801 Mar 21, Andrea Lucchesi (59),
composer, died.
(MC, 3/21/02)
1801 Mar 24, Aleksandr P. Romanov
became emperor of Russia.
(MC, 3/24/02)
1801 Mar 25, Anthony Ziesenis
(69), architect, sculptor (Camper), died.
(MC, 3/25/02)
1801 Apr 2, The British navy
defeated the Danish at the Battle of Copenhagen.
(AP, 4/2/99)
1801 Apr 8, Soldiers rioted in
Bucharest and killed 128 Jews.
(MC, 4/8/02)
1801 Apr 11, Johann von Schiller's
"Die Jungfrau von Orleans (The Maid of Orleans)," premieres in Leipzig.
(MC, 4/11/02)
1801 Apr 12, Josef Franz Karl
Lanner, Austrian composer, violist, was born.
(MC, 4/12/02)
1801 May 14, The Pasha of Tripoli
symbolically declared war on the US by cutting down the glagstaff in
front of the US Consulate, after learning that Pres. Jefferson had
refused to pay a renewed tribute of $225,000.
(ON, 10/06, p.8)
1801 Apr 21, Saudi Arabs led Sunni
raids into Karbala, Iraq, killing about 5,000 people.
(Econ, 10/11/08, p.65)(http://tinyurl.com/5qdnf3)
1801 Apr 24, The 1st performance
of Joseph Haydn's oratorio "Die Jahreszeiten (The Seasons)."
(MC, 4/24/02)
1801 Apr 28, Anthony
Ashley-Cooper, the seventh Earl of Shaftesbury and a leading social
reformer of the Victorian Age, was born in England. Shaftesbury labored
to establish schools, to abolish the use of small children as chimney
sweeps, and to wipe out child prostitution. He was a vocal opponent of
slavery but had little respect for the United States’ President Abraham
Lincoln and thought the South should be permitted to secede from the
Union.
(HNQ, 6/10/01)
1801 May 6, British Lt. Thomas
Cochrane, commander of the 14-gun sloop HMS Speedy, engaged and
captured the 32-gun Spanish frigate El Gamo. The climactic battle in
Patrick O’Brian’s novel “Master and Commander” is based on the Speedy’s
fight with El Gamo. Cochrane was later elected to Parliament, pointed
out corruption and was arrested on trumped up charges. After that he
served as the first commander of Chile’s navy, then Brazil’s navy and
the Greek navy before returning to England. In 2000 Robert Harvey
authored “Cochrane: The Life and Exploits of a Fighting Captain.”
(ON, 11/04, p.1)
1801 May 16, William Henry Seward
was born. He was later Gov. of New York and the American Sec. of State
from 1861-1869. Under Pres. Lincoln he purchased Alaska for the United
States at 2 cents per acre.
(HFA, '96, p.30)(AHD, p.1187)(HN, 5/16/99)(WSJ,
11/20/01, p.A16)(MC, 5/16/02)
1801 Jun 1, Mormon leader Brigham
Young (d.1877), the second president of the Mormon Church, was born in
Whitingham, Vt.
(AP, 6/1/97)
1801 Jun 10, The North African
state of Tripoli declared war on the United States in a dispute over
safe passage of merchant vessels through the Mediterranean. Tripoli
declared war on the U.S. for refusing to pay tribute.
(AP, 6/10/97)(HN, 6/10/98)
1801 Jun 14, Former American
Revolutionary War General Benedict Arnold died in London.
(AP, 6/14/01)(ON, 11/01, p.5)
1801 Jun 29, Frederic Bastiat
(d.1850), French free-market economist, was born in Bayonne. "The state
is the great fictitious entity in which everyone seeks to live at the
expense of everyone else."
(WSJ, 7/5/01, p.A12)
1801 Jul 3, Johann Nepomuk Went
(56), composer, died.
(MC, 7/3/02)
1801 Jul 5, David G. Farragut
(d.1870), American naval hero, was born in Knoxville, Tenn.
(AP, 7/5/97)
1801 Jul 7, A new constitution,
drafted by a committee appointed by Toussaint Louverture (L’Ouverture),
went into effect and declared the independence of Hispaniola. The
constitution made him governor general for life with near absolute
powers.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toussaint_L'Ouverture)(WSJ, 3/1/04, p.A16)
1801 Jul 16, Pope Pius VII and 1st
consul Napoleon signed a concord.
(MC, 7/16/02)
1801 Jul 17, The U.S. fleet
arrived in Tripoli after Pasha Yusuf Karamanli declared war for being
refused tribute.
(HN, 7/17/99)
1801 Aug 1, The American schooner
Enterprise captured the Barbary cruiser Tripoli.
(HN, 8/1/98)
1801 Aug 6, A 9-day revival began
at the Cane Ridge Presbyterian Church in Bourbon County, Kentucky. Some
20,000 people showed up for the revival called by Rev. Barton W. Stone.
3 evangelistic Christian groups grew out of the meeting.
(WSJ, 8/10/01, p.W15)
1801 Oct 6, Napoleon Bonaparte
imposed a new constitution on Holland.
(HN, 10/6/98)
1801 Oct 23, Gustav Albert
Lortzing, composer, was born.
(MC, 10/23/01)
1801 Oct 23, Johann Gottlieb
Naumann (60), German composer, died.
(MC, 10/23/01)
1801 Nov 3, Karl Baedeker
(d.1859), German publisher, was born. He became well known for travel
guides. His 1835 "Travel on the Rhine" is widely considered as the 1st
modern guidebook.
(HN, 11/3/00)(SSFC, 12/1/02, p.C3)
1801 Nov 3, Vincenzo Bellini,
Italian opera composer (La Sonnambula, Norma), was born.
(MC, 11/3/01)
1801 Nov 9, Carl Philipp Stamitz,
composer, died.
(MC, 11/9/01)
1801 Nov 10, Samuel Gridley Howe
(d.1876), educator of the blind, was born. He was the husband of Julia
Ward Howe, author of the "Battle Hymn of the Republic."
(NH, 6/96, p.20)(HN, 11/10/00)
1801 Nov 10, Kentucky banned
dueling.
(MC, 11/10/01)
1801 Nov 16, The 1st edition of
New York Evening Post was published. Alexander Hamilton helped found
the paper and served as editor.
(WSJ, 12/3/01,
p.A17)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Post)
1801 Dec 24, Richard Trevithick,
inventor of the steam locomotive, completed a road test of his 1st
"traveling engine" in Camborne, England.
(ON, 4/04, p.5)
1801 Nov 9, Gail Borden (d.1874),
inventor of condensed milk, was born in New York.
(ON, 5/04, p.4)(Internet)
1801 Rembrandt Peale painted his
brother’s portrait: "Rubens Peale with Geranium."
(SFEM, 2/2/97, p.6)
1801 Francois Rene de
Chateaubriand (1768-1848), French writer, authored his novel “Atala”
following a trip to the US.
(WSJ, 5/8/08, p.A13)
1801 Samuel Taylor Coleridge,
English poet, wrote to Sir Humphrey Davy a letter in which he says: "I
seem to sink in upon myself in a ruin, like a Column of Sand, informed
and animated only by a Whirl-Blast of the Dessert." Coleridge had
become addicted to opium in this year.
(OAPOC-TH, p.71)(WSJ, 4/15/99, p.A20)
1801 Beethoven composed Op. 25
Serenade for flute, Violin and Viola.
(WSJ, 8/17/00, p.A20)
1801 Thomas Bruce, the 7th Earl of
Elgin, took the 2,500 year-old bas-reliefs from the Parthenon while he
served as the British ambassador to the Ottoman Empire. 17 figures and
56 panels were put on display at the British Museum in 1816. Around
1939 the marbles were subjected to a botched scouring operation that
damaged 40% of the collection. Elgin had hired Giovanni Lusieri, an
Italian artist from the court of the King of Naples, to oversee the
Parthenon project.
(SFC, 12/2/99, p.D6)(ON, 11/99, p.2)
1801 Thomas Jefferson began a set
of proper rules for the Senate when he wrote: " No one is to disturb
another in his speech by hissing, coughing, spitting, speaking, or
whispering to another."
(SFC, 9/20/97, p.A9)
1801 Elder John Leland, a Baptist
minister, helped commission a 1,235-pound wheel of Cheshire cheese as a
gift of gratitude for Thomas Jefferson's steadfast support of religious
liberties.
(SSFC, 8/17/03, p.M1)
1801 The London Stock Exchange
formed. British government debt was the only security traded and this
remained so until 1822.
(Econ, 4/2/05, p.70)(Econ, 12/24/05, p.104)
1801 French artist Girodet
depicted Ossian, the mythical 3rd century blind Scottish poet, before
the story was exposed as a fraud.
(WSJ, 7/26/08, p.W8)
1801 In France Napoleon opened the
Louvre to the public.
(SFC, 2/11/97, p.E5)
1801 Napoleon's army in Egypt
surrendered to Turkish and English forces. The French civilian toll
topped 25 of 150, while the military toll topped 25,000 over the 3-year
expedition.
(ON, 12/99, p.4)(SFC, 12/14/07, p.E3)
1801 Friedrich von Hardenberg
(b.1772), German poet (Novalis), died. He was later known as the father
of German romantic nationalism.
(WUD, 1994 p.645)(WSJ, 4/8/03, p.D4)
1801 In Mexico La Iglesia de
Nuestra Senora del Refugio was a Franciscan-style mission church built
in the border town of Guerrero Viejo.
(SFC, 6/4/98, p.C2)
1801 South Ossetia was absorbed
into the Russian Empire along with Georgia.
(WSJ, 8/27/08, p.A12)
1801-1806 Alexandre Dumas (d.1870) covered these
years of French history in an 1869 serialized novel printed in the
journal, "The Universal Monitor." In the 1980s Claude Schopp, a retired
French lecturer, discovered the epic novel on microfilm. He got it
published under the title "Le Chevalier de Sainte-Hermine," and in 2005
it became a top ten seller.
(Reuters, 7/20/05)
1801-1835 John Marshall (1755-1835) was chief justice
of the US Supreme Court. In 1996 Charles F. Hobson wrote "The Great
Chief Justice: John Marshall and the Law" and Jean Edward Smith wrote
"John Marshall: Definer of a Nation."
(WSJ, 12/10/96, p.A20)
1801-1848 Thomas Cole, English born US painter. He
and Asher B. Durand became fathers of the Hudson River School of
painting and founded the National Academy of Design.
(WUD, 1994, p.288)(WSJ, 8/10/99, p.A22)
1801-1864 Caroline Matilda Stansbury Kirkland,
American author: "Like other spurious things, fastidiousness is often
inconsistent with itself, the coarsest things are done, and the
cruelest things said by the most fastidious people."
(AP, 5/28/00)
1801-1866 Jane Welsh Carlyle, English writer: "In
spite of the honestest efforts to annihilate my ‘I-ity,’ or merge it in
what the world doubtless considers my better half (historian Thomas
Carlyle), I still find myself a self-subsisting and alas! self-seeking
ME."
(AP, 8/27/98)
1801-1921 A single Parliament legislated all the
British Isles. A history of the archipelago was written in 2000 by
Norman Davies: "The Isles."
(WSJ, 3/9/00, p.A24)
1802 Jan 25, Napoleon was elected
president of Italian (Cisalpine) Republic.
(MC, 1/25/02)
1802 Jan 26, Congress passed an
act calling for a library to be established within the U.S. Capitol.
(AP, 1/26/98)
1802 Jan 29, John Beckley of
Virginia was appointed 1st Librarian of Congress.
(MC, 1/29/02)
1802 Jan, In London, England,
William Cobbett (1763-1835) set up the Weekly Political Register. It
spread dissent during the post-war recession.
(Econ, 12/23/06,
p.103)(www.nndb.com/people/245/000049098/)
1802 Feb 4, Mark Hopkins, US
educator, philosopher (Williams College), was born.
(MC, 2/4/02)
1802 Feb 8, Simon Willard patented
a banjo clock.
(MC, 2/8/02)
1802 Feb 26, Victor Hugo (d.1885),
French novelist and poet, was born in Besancon. In 1998 Graham Robb
published the biography: "Victor Hugo." "Initiative is doing the right
thing without being told."
(WSJ, 2/10/98, p.A16)(HN, 2/26/98)(AP, 6/13/99)
1802 Feb, Napoleon sent a large
army under his brother-in-law, Charles Leclerc, to regain control of
St. Domingue. Thousands of soldiers died mainly to yellow fever and
French control was abandoned so as to support military ventures in
Europe. Toussaint L'Ouverture (Louverture) turned to guerrilla
warfare inspired by the ideals of the French Revolution and its motto
of "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity."
(CO, Grolier's, 11/10/95)(AP, 4/7/03)
1802 Mar 16, The US Congress
authorized the establishment of the US Military Academy at West Point,
N.Y. President Jefferson signed a measure authorizing the establishment
of the US Military Academy at West Point, N.Y.
(www.usma.edu/history.asp)(AP, 3/16/97)
1802 Mar 24, Richard Trevithick
was granted a patent in London for his steam locomotive.
(ON, 4/04, p.5)
1802 Mar 27, Treaty of Amiens was
signed. The French Revolutionary War ended.
(HN, 3/27/98)
1802 Apr 4, Dorothea Dix, American
proponent of treatment of mental inmates, was born.
(HN, 4/4/98)
1802 Apr 8, French Protestant
church became state-supported and controlled.
(MC, 4/8/02)
1802 Apr 19, Spain reopened the
New Orleans port to American merchants.
(HN, 4/19/97)
1802 Apr 27, Abraham Louis
Niedermeyer, composer, was born.
(MC, 4/27/02)
1802 May 3, Washington, D.C., was
incorporated as a city, with the mayor appointed by the president and
the council elected by property owners.
(AP, 5/3/97)
1802 May 15, Isaac Ridgeway
Trimble (d.1888), Major General (Confederate Army), was born.
(MC, 5/15/02)
1802 May 18, Great Britain
declared war on Napoleon's France.
(HN, 5/18/99)
1802 May 19 Napoleon established
the French Order of Legion d'Honneur award (Legion of Honor). It was a
general military and civil order of merit conferred without regard to
birth or religion, provided that anyone admitted swore to uphold
liberty and equality.
(DrEE, 9/28/96, p.5)(SFC, 10/19/96, A7)
1802 Jul 4, The United State
Military Academy opened its doors at West Point, New York, welcoming
the first 10 cadets.
(AP, 7/4/97)(IB, Internet, 12/7/98)
1802 Jul 7, The first comic book
was published in Hudson, NY. "The Wasp" was created by Robert Rusticoat.
(MC, 7/7/02)
1802 Jul 8, Toussaint
L'Ouverture (Louverture) was sent to France in chains.
(AP, 4/7/03)
1802 Jul 9, Thomas Davenport,
invented 1st commercial electric motor, was born.
(MC, 7/9/02)
1802 Jul 24, Alexandre Dumas
(d.1870), French novelist and dramatist who wrote "The Count of Monte
Cristo" and "The Three Musketeers," was born. Alexandre Dumas, pere,
French author of romantic plays and novels. He wrote "The Man in the
Iron Mask." He was the father of Alexandre Dumas fils (1824-1895),
French author of plays of social realism.
(HFA, ‘96, p.34)(AHD, 1971, p.403)(WUD, 1994,
p.441)(HN, 7/24/98)
1802 Aug 2, Napoleon Bonaparte was
proclaimed "Consul for Life" by the French Senate after a plebiscite
from the French people.
(HN, 8/2/98)
1802 Aug 5, Niels Henrik Abel
(d.1829), mathematician, was born in Frindoe, Norway.
(Internet)(SFC, 3/26/04, p.A15)
1802 Aug 7, Napoleon ordered the
re-instatement of slavery on St. Domingue (Haiti).
(MC, 8/7/02)
1802 Aug 25, Toussaint L'Ouverture
(Louverture) was imprisoned in Fort de Joux, Jura, France.
(MC, 8/25/02)
1802 Aug 31, Captain Meriwether
Lewis left Pittsburgh to meet up with Captain William Clark and begin
their trek to the Pacific Ocean.
(HN, 8/31/98)
1802 Sep 4, A French aeronaut
dropped eight-thousand feet equipped with a parachute.
(MC, 9/4/01)
1802 Sep 11, Piedmont, Italy, was
annexed by France.
(HN, 9/11/98)
1802 Sep 19, Louis Kossuth
(d.1894), later president of Hungary, was born. "The instinctive
feeling of a great people is often wiser than its wisest men."
(AP, 7/2/97)(MC, 9/19/01)
1802 Oct 10, The 1st non-Indian
settlement in Oklahoma was made.
(MC, 10/10/01)
1802 Oct 22, Samuel Arnold (62),
English composer, died.
(MC, 10/22/01)
1802 Oct 28, The 34-gun Spanish
frigate Juno, enroute back to Spain from Mexico [Puerto Rico], ran into
a storm off the coast of Virginia. Captain Don Juan Ignacio Bustillo
perished along with 425 men, women and children and an estimated
half-billion dollars in treasure. A boy from the wreck survived on
Assateague Island and was named James Alone. He later changed his name
to James Lunn. Many Chincoteague islanders later traced their descent
to James.
(USAT, 5/7/98, p.9A)(WSJ, 7/17/98, p.A1)(SFC,
8/14/00, p.A3)
1802 Oct 31, Benoit Fourneyron,
inventor of the water turbine, was born.
(HN, 10/31/00)
1802 Nov 9, Elijah P. Lovejoy,
American newspaper publisher and abolitionist, was born.
(MC, 11/9/01)
1802 Dec 20, The United States
bought the Louisiana territory from France. [see Jan 11, 1803]
(HN, 12/20/98)
1802 James Gillnay painted
"Cow-Pock," a satirization of the new cowpox vaccination to prevent
smallpox.
(NH, 9/98, p.9)
1802 Nathaniel Bowditch
(1773-1838) published "The New American Practical Navigator," later
known as the "seaman’s bible." It was a revision of his 1799 and 1800
works, which in turn revised the 1722 work of John Hamilton Moore.
(AH, 12/02, p.22)
1802 John Playfair published a
more readable volume of Hutton’s Theory of the Earth as Illustrations
of the Huttonian Theory of the Earth.
(DD-EVTT, p.21)
1802 James Callender, an
English-born journalist, published a report in the Richmond, Va.,
Recorder about Thomas Jefferson and his relationship with the slave
Sally Hemmings [Hemings]. In 1997 Annette Gordon-Reed published:
"Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemmings, an American Controversy." DNA
tests of descendants in 1998 indicated that Jefferson fathered at least
one child with Hemmings, her youngest son Eston Hemmings in 1808. Dr.
Eugene Foster, author of the DNA report, later said the DNA tests
showed that any one of 8 Jefferson males could have fathered Eston. In
2008 Annette Gordon-Reed authored “The Hemmingses of Monticello: An
American Family.”
(WSJ, 9/23/97, p.A1)(SFC, 4/29/98, p.A6)(SFEC,
11/1/98, p.A1,7)(WSJ, 11/2/98, p.B11)(WSJ, 2/26/99, p.W15)(SFC,
1/27/00, p.A3)(SSFC, 10/19/08, Books p.4)
1802 Beethoven composed the 6
Gellert songs of Op. 48.
(WSJ, 8/17/00, p.A20)
1802 Congress repealed all taxes
except for a tax on salt and left the government dependent on import
tariffs.
(WSJ, 10/10/97, p.A1)
1802 Andrew Jackson was elected to
command the Tennessee militia.
(SSFC, 10/30/05, p.M3)
1802 Eleuthere Irenee du Pont de
Nemours (d.1834), a French immigrant, set up a saltpeter mill in
Wilmington, Del., on the banks of the Brandywine River. In 8 years it
grew to become America's largest black-powder plant as it supplied
gunpowder to the US for the War of 1812.
(WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R46)(SFC, 9/17/01, p.B2)
1802 Joseph Ellicott, New York
Quaker surveyor, founded Genessee County and the town of Batavia: "God
made Buffalo, I will try and make Batavia."
(WSJ, 6/28/02, p.W13)
1802 Heinrich Olbers, German
astronomer, discovered an asteroid orbiting between Mars and Jupiter,
He believed it to be a planet and named it Pallas after Pallas Athena
(goddess of wisdom and war).
(NH, 7/02, p.36)
1802 Edward Howard, English
chemist, determined that the iron in meteorites was a unique blend of
iron and nickel that did not occur in known terrestrial rocks.
(ON, 7/02, p.5)
1802 An American captain of the
ship Palmyra blew ashore on a southern atoll 1,052 miles south of
Hawaii and named it Palmyra after his ship.
(SFC, 5/4/00, p.A9)
1802 Harriot Wilson was publicly
executed by the state of Pennsylvania for the murder of her infant
child. An account of the "exploits of the murderess" is published in
1822 by J. Wilkey.
(LSA., Fall 1995, p.20)
1802 Britain levied the first
English income tax to raise money to fight Napoleon. William Pit the
Younger 1st introduced the income tax to finance the war against France.
(SFEC, 4/5/98, Z1 p.8)(Econ, 9/10/05, p.53)
1802 England passed its first law
regulating child labor.
(WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R28)
1802 A British exploring party led
by Matthew Flinders landed on a 96-mile-long island southwest of
Adelaide and slaughtered 31 kangaroos for a feast. This 3rd largest
island off Australia was thus named Kangaroo Island. Flinders named the
Great Barrier Reef and found a passage to the Corral Sea.
(SFEC,12/21/97, p.T6)(SSFC, 3/24/02, p.C22)(WSJ,
7/23/04, p.W12)
1802 The Rosetta Stone was seized
by the British in Egypt after the defeat of Napoleon’s army and was
sent to England.
(RFH-MDHP, p.182)
1802 The Rome stock exchange was
founded. The Borsa di Roma occupied the site of a temple completed in
145 AD as a tribute to Emperor Hadrian.
(WSJ, 12/13/96, p.B11A)
1802 In Vietnam Hue was founded as
the royal capital of the Nguyen dynasty that united Vietnam. Palaces,
tombs and monuments were located along the banks of the Perfume River.
(AM, Mar/Apr 97 p.H)
1802-1803 George Friedrich Grotefend published his
account of translating cuneiform script.
(RFH-MDHP, p.193)
1802-1828 Richard Parkes, English watercolorist.
(Hem., 3/97, p.94)
1802-1838 Letitia Landon, English poet: "Few, save
the poor, feel for the poor."
(AP, 1/21/00)
1802-1876 Harriet Martineau, English writer and
social critic: "Religion is a temper, not a pursuit."
(AP, 6/7/99)
1802-1880 Lydia Maria Child, American author Thought
for Today: "It is right noble to fight with wickedness and wrong; the
mistake is in supposing that spiritual evil can be overcome by physical
means."
(AP, 12/3/97)
1802-1889 Juana Briones Y Tapia de Miranda was born
in Santa Cruz, Ca. She was a battered wife and became the first
California woman to get a divorce. She was the first to settle on
Powell St. in what is now North Beach, SF. In 1989 the Women’s Heritage
Museum persuaded the state to authorize a plaque in her honor to be set
in Washington Square.
(SFEC, 5/26/97, p.A11)(SFC,11/17/97, p.A1,21)
1803 Jan 11, Monroe and Livingston
sailed for Paris to buy New Orleans; they ended up buying Louisiana.
[see Dec 20, 1802]
(MC, 1/11/02)
1803 Jan, Lord Elgin concluded his
diplomatic mission to Constantinople.
(ON, 11/99, p.2)
1803 Feb 2, Albert Sidney
Johnston, Genl. (Confederate Army), was born. He died in 1862 at Shiloh.
(MC, 2/2/02)
1803 Feb 14, An apple parer was
patented by Moses Coats in Downington, Penn.
(MC, 2/14/02)
1803 Feb 15, John Augustus Sutter
(d.1880), Swiss-US colonist (New Helvetia, Ca., Sutter Mill), was born.
(MC, 2/15/02)
1803 Feb 19, Congress voted to
accept Ohio’s borders and constitution. However, Congress did not get
around to formally ratifying Ohio statehood until 1953.
(AP, 2/19/98)
1803 Feb 21, The British return
the Cape of Good Hope to the Dutch (Batavian Republic) under the Treaty
of Amiens.
(EWH, 4th ed, p.884)
1803 Feb 21, Edward Despard became
the last person drawn & quartered in England.
(MC, 2/21/02)
1803 Feb 24, The Supreme Court
ruled itself the final interpreter of constitutional issues. Chief
Justice John Marshall, by refusing to rule on the case of Marbury vs.
Madison, asserted the authority of the judicial branch. The US Supreme
Court 1st ruled a law unconstitutional (Marbury v Madison).
(AP, 2/24/98)(HN, 2/24/98)(MC, 2/24/02)
1803 Feb 25, The 1,800 sovereign
German states united into 60 states.
(MC, 2/25/02)
1803 Mar 1, Ohio became the 17th
state.
(HN, 3/1/98)
1803 Mar 3, The first impeachment
trial of a U.S. Judge, John Pickering, began.
(HN, 3/3/99)
1803 Mar 14, Friedrich Gottlieb
Klopstock (78), German poet, died.
(MC, 3/14/02)
1803 Mar 19, Johann von Schiller's
"Die Braut von Messina," premiered in Weimar.
(MC, 3/19/02)
1803 Apr 5, 1st performance of
Beethoven's 2nd Symphony in D.
(MC, 4/5/02)
1803 Apr 7, Francois D. Toussaint
L'Ouverture (Louverture), Haitian revolutionary, died in a dungeon at
Fort Joux in the French Alps. In 2007 Madison Smartt Bell authored
“Toussaint Louverture: A Biography.”
(AP,
4/7/03)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toussaint_L'Ouverture)(SFC,
1/15/07, p.D7)
1803 Apr 26, Villagers of L’Aigle,
France, witnessed a meteor shower. The rocks helped to convince
scientists that meteors were of extraterrestrial origin.
(ON, 7/02, p.5)
1803 Apr 30, The US under Thomas
Jefferson signed a treaty that accepted the purchase of the Louisiana
Territory from Napoleon Bonaparte's government of France for 60 million
francs or about $15 mil. The area included most of the thirteen states
that lie between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains.
American envoys sent to France were originally instructed to buy only
the port city of New Orleans and were astonished when Napoleon,
abandoning plans for an American empire, offered them all of Louisiana.
The United States doubled in size through the Louisiana Purchase. The
federal government spent less than $8 million in operations and
borrowed the money needed for the purchase.
(CO, 11/10/95)(WSJ, 3/12/97, p.A18)(AP, 4/30/97)(HN,
4/30/98)(HNPD, 5/1/99)
1803 May 7, Johan Peter Cronhamm,
composer, was born.
(MC, 5/7/02)
1803 May 16, Great Britain and
France renewed their war.
(PCh, 1992, p.362)
1803 May 17, John Hawkins and
Richard French patented a reaping machine.
(MC, 5/17/02)
1803 May 18, Great Britain
declared war on France after General Napoleon Bonaparte continued
interfering in Italy and Switzerland.
(HN, 5/18/99)(ON, 11/99, p.4)(SC, 5/18/02)
1803 May 22, The 1st US public
library opened in Connecticut.
(MC, 5/22/02)
1803 May 23, Lord Elgin and his
family were detained in Paris. Elgin's family was allowed to proceed
but he was arrested and declared a prisoner of war.
(ON, 11/99, p.4)
1803 May 24, Charles LJL
Bonaparte, Corsican, French prince of Canino, Musignano, was born.
(MC, 5/24/02)
1803 May 25, Ralph Waldo Emerson
(d.1882), American essayist and philosopher, was born. A biography of
Emerson that includes information about his friends was written in 1996
by Carlos Baker and titled: "Emerson Among the Eccentrics: A Group
Portrait." It includes such people as: the transcendental visionary
Bronson Alcott, essayist Henry David Thoreau, mad poet Jones Very,
activist Margaret Fuller, poet Ellery Channing. Other people included
are Hawthorne, Melville, Theodore Parker, and the family of Henry
James. "Money often costs too much." "Nothing astonishes men so much as
common sense and plain dealing."
(AP, 10/22/97)(HN, 5/25/98)(AP, 7/8/98)
1803 Jul 8, Frederick Augustus
Hervey (b.1730), the 4th Earl of Bristol and Bishop of Derry, died. He
had toured Europe with his own cook and entourage and inspired a number
of hotels to take on the Bristol name.
(WSJ, 9/27/08,
p.A1)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Hervey,_4th_Earl_of_Bristol)
1803 Jul 23, Irish patriots
throughout the country rebelled against Union with Great Britain.
Robert Emmett led the insurrection in Dublin.
(HN, 7/23/98)(MC, 7/23/02)
1803 Jul 31, John Ericsson,
inventor of the screw propeller, was born.
(HN, 7/31/98)
1803 Aug 31, The
government-sponsored transcontinental expedition under the leadership
of Captain Meriwether Lewis and Lieutenant William Clark set off down
the Ohio River. The 40-member expedition wintered and trained near St.
Louis before starting up the Missouri River in three boats on May 14,
1804. Lewis and Clark’s three-year journey of exploration and discovery
to the Pacific Coast and back stimulated western settlement and proved
that an overland route to the West Coast was possible.
(HNPD, 8/31/98)
1803 Sep 5, Francois Devienne,
composer, died at 44.
(MC, 9/5/01)
1803 Sep 8, A high pressure steam
boiler, made by Richard Trevithick, exploded at a corn mill in
Greenwich, England, and 3 men were killed. A worker had left a heavy
wrench on the safety valve and gone fishing.
(ON, 4/04, p.5)
1803 Sep 13, Commodore John Barry,
considered by many the father of the American Navy, died in
Philadelphia.
(AP, 9/13/97)
1803 Sep 17, Franz Xaver Sussmayr,
composer, died.
(MC, 9/17/01)
1803 Sep 23, British Major General
Sir Arthur Wellesley defeated the Marathas at Assaye, India.
(HN, 9/23/98)
1803 Sep 20, Robert Emmet, Irish
nationalist, was executed.
(MC, 9/20/01)
1803 Sep 27, Samuel Francis DuPont
(d.1865), Rear Admiral (Union Navy), was born.
(MC, 9/27/01)
1803 Sep 28, Prosper Merimee,
playwright (Carmen), was born in Paris, France.
(MC, 9/28/01)
1803 Oct 2, Samuel Adams (b.1722),
former Gov. of Mass. (1793-1797), died. He was a propagandist,
political figure, revolutionary patriot and statesman who helped to
organize the Boston Tea Party. In 2008 Ira Stoll authored “Samuel
Adams: A Life.”
(AHD, 1971, p.14)(WSJ, 11/3/08,
p.A17)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Adams)
1803 Oct 3, John Gorrie, inventor
of the cold-air process of refrigeration, was born.
(MC, 10/3/01)
1803 Oct 20, The US Senate voted
to ratify Jefferson’s Louisiana Purchase.
(CO, Grolier’s, 11/10/95)(AP, 10/20/97)
1803 Oct 31, Congress ratified the
purchase of the entire Louisiana area in North America, which added
territory to the United States for 13 subsequent states.
(HN, 10/31/98)
1803 Oct, The USS Philadelphia was
captured by the Tripolitans. 307 sailors were held for ransom by the
Pasha of Tripoli.
(www.history.navy.mil/photos/events/barb-war/burn-phl.htm)(ON, 10/06,
p.8)
1803 Nov 3, Henri Moreau, composer
(75), died.
(MC, 11/3/01)
1803 Nov 5, Chalderon de Laclos,
writer, died.
(MC, 11/5/01)
1803 Nov 18, The Battle of
Vertieres was fought. Jean-Jacques Dessalines (b.1758), Haitian rebel
leader, led his army to decisive victory over the French with his
slogan "Cut off their heads and burn down their houses."
(HFA, ‘96, p.42)(AP,
4/7/03)(www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/43a/168.html)
1803 Nov 29, Christian Doppler
(d.1853), Austrian physicist who discovered the Doppler effect, was
born. Hubble used his name for the Doppler Effect, that describes the
apparent change in the frequency of a wave depending on whether the
wave is approaching or receding.
(WUB, 1994, p.426)(HN, 11/29/98)
1803 Nov 30, Spain, in a ceremony
at New Orleans, completed the process of ceding Louisiana to France,
which had sold it to the United States.
(CO, Grolier’s, 11/10/95)(AP, 11/30/04)
1803 Dec 3, Hector Berlioz, French
composer (Symphony Fantastique), was born. [see Dec 11]
(MC, 12/3/01)
1803 Dec 11, Hector Berlioz
(d.1869), French composer and conductor, was born. He introduced
arresting and gaudy instrumental colors in combinations that had not
been dreamed of before him. He composed "Romeo and Juliet" in 1939 and
conducted its first performance. He also composed the "Death of
Cleopatra." He composed "Symphonie Fantastique" and "La Damnation de
Faust." [see Dec 3]
(T&L, 10/80, p. 58)(SFC, 10/5/96, p.E1)(HN,
12/11/99)
1803 Dec 20, The Louisiana
Purchase was completed as the territory was formally transferred from
France to the United States during ceremonies in New Orleans. French
Prefect Pierre Clement Laussat, US Gov. William CC Claiborne and US
Gen. James Wilkinson signed 4 copies the treaty. The Louisiana Purchase
effectively doubled the size of the existing U.S. With 827,987 square
miles in the deal, that price translates to roughly $18 per square
mile- under 3 cents/acre.
(AP, 12/20/97)(SFC, 12/21/03, p.A2)
1803 Dec 23, Lt. Stephen Decatur,
commanding the schooner Enterprise, captured a Barbary ketch, which was
entered into the US Navy as the Intrepid.
(ON, 2/03, p.2)
1803 Jean Baptist Say penned "A
Treatise on Political Economy," in which he said that management is a
factor of production.
(WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R14)
1803 Thomas Robert Malthus
(1766-1834), English political economist, authored the 2nd edition of
his 1798 “An Essay on the Principle of Population.” This edition
introduced the idea of moral restraint.
(Econ, 5/17/08,
p.94)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malthus)
1803 Beethoven composed his
"Kreutzer Sonata" dedicated to the French violinist Rudolphe Kreutzer.
(WUD, 1994, p.795)(SFC, 4/2/98, p.E4)
1803 One of the architects
of the U.S. Capitol, Benjamin Henry Latrobe, who succeeded William
Thornton and Stephen Hallet as Capitol architect in 1803, modified the
original design of the Capitol and used Greek inspiration in the
details. Latrobe was chiefly responsible for introducing the Greek
Revival in the U.S. His Bank of Pennsylvania building in Philadelphia
was the first Greek building in the country and was characteristic of
his free adaptation of ancient precedent and vaulted construction.
(HNQ, 3/11/99)
1803 The US Mint struck its last
silver dollars until 1934, when special 1804 silver dollars were minted
as gifts from left over dies.
(SFEC, 8/8/99, p.A6)
1803 John Dalton, British chemist
and physicist, pointed out that the fact that chemical compounds always
combined in certain proportions could be explained by the grouping
together of atoms to form units called molecules.
(BHT, Hawking, p.63)
1803 The steel ink pen was
developed in Birmingham, England.
(SFC, 12/13/06, p.E3)
1803 The French Academy of
Sciences insisted that meteorites could not exist because no specimens
had been produced.
(WSJ, 4/2/96, p.A-15)
1803 Alexander Von Humboldt,
German explorer and scientist, spent some time in Taxco, Mexico. The
house where he stayed later became the Museum of Colonial Religious Art.
(SFEC, 11/10/96, p.T7)
1803 Denmark became the first
country to ban slave trade.
(WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R25)
1803-1812 Lord Elgin organized the removal of
sculptures from the Parthenon.
(AM, 5/01, p.14)
1803-1815 In 2007 Charles Esdaile covered this period
in his book: “Napoleon’s Wars: An International History, 1803-1815.”
(Econ, 11/10/07, p.103)
1803-1862 Barend Cornelis Koekkoek of Holland came
from a renowned family of artists. He considered the painting of nature
the only true calling of an artist.
(WSJ, 12/10/99, p.W16)
1803-1876 Orestes Augustus Brownson, American author
and clergyman was born in Stockbridge, Vt. At first a
Presbyterian, he later became a Universalist, a Unitarian minister,
head of his own church, a transcendentalist, and finally (1844) a Roman
Catholic. As a writer and magazine editor, Brownson dealt with
religious questions and fought social injustice: "We have heard enough
of the liberties and the rights of man, it is high time to hear
something of the duties of men and the rights of authority." In 1992
Gregory Butler wrote the biography: "In Search of the American Spirit,"
and in 1999 R.A. Herrera published "Orestes Brownson: Sign of
Contradiction."
http://encyclopedia.com/articles/01924.html (WSJ,
5/28/99, p.W11)
1804 Jan 1, Jacques Dessalines
proclaimed the Republic of Haiti and declared independence from France
(National Day).
(WSJ, 3/1/04, p.A16)(SFCM, 5/30/04, p.19)
1804 Jan 5, Ohio legislature
passed the 1st laws restricting free blacks movement. [see Mar 28]
(MC, 1/5/02)
1804 Jan 31, British vice-admiral
William Bligh (of HMS Bounty infamy) fleet reached Curacao (Antilles).
(MC, 1/31/02)
1804 Feb 6, Joseph Priestley
(b.1733), English-born US writer, philosopher and chemist, died in
Pennsylvania. He became best known for having discovered oxygen.
Priestley also figured out how to manufacture carbonated water and is
sometimes called “the father of the soft-drink industry.” In 2008
Steven Johnson authored “The Invention of Air: A Story of Science,
faith, Revolution, and the Birth of America.”
(www.britannica.com/eb/article-9061366)(ON, 10/05,
p.1)(SFC, 1/9/09, p.E3)
1804 Feb 7, John Deere, farm
equipment manufacturer, was born.
(HN, 2/7/99)
1804 Feb 15, New Jersey became the
last northern state to abolish slavery.
(HN, 2/15/98)
1804 Feb 16, Lt. Stephen Decatur
attacked Tripoli, where pirates held the USS Philadelphia. Decatur and
76 volunteers, aboard the captured Intrepid, attempted to recapture the
Philadelphia, which caught fire, exploded and sank. Decatur and his
crew escaped.
(AP, 2/16/98)(HN, 2/16/98)(ON, 2/03, p.2)
1804 Feb 25, Thomas Jefferson was
nominated for president at the Democratic-Republican caucus.
(HN, 2/25/98)
1804 Feb 26, Vice-Admiral William
Bligh ended the siege of Fort Amsterdam, Willemstad.
(SC, 2/26/02)
1804 Mar 7, John Wedgwood, founder
(Royal Horticulture Society), died.
(MC, 3/7/02)
1804 Mar 8, Alvan Clark, telescope
manufacturer, was born.
(HN, 3/8/98)
1804 Mar 12, Judge John Pickering,
a federal district judge in New Hampshire, was the first American
official impeached and then found guilty by the Senate. Pickering, a
Federalist, was impeached as unfit based on charges related to his
habitual drunkenness and bizarre handling of cases. He was adjudged
guilty and removed from office in spite of evidence establishing that
he was insane and hence not culpable of high crimes or misdemeanors.
Impeached during the same period, Chief Justice Samuel Chase was
acquitted by the Senate on March 1, 1805, ending the Republican
campaign against the Federalist bench and discouraging subsequent
administrations from using impeachment to remove politically obnoxious
judges.
(HNQ, 1/21/99)
1804 Mar 14, Johann Strauss
(d.1849), Austrian orchestra conductor and composer, was born. His son
was also named Johann (1825-1899).
(WUD, 1994, p.1405)(HN, 3/14/98)
1804 Mar 21, The French civil
code, later called the "Code Napoleon," was adopted.
(AP, 3/21/08)
1804 Mar 26, Congress ordered the
removal of Indians east of the Mississippi to Louisiana.
(HN, 3/25/98)
1804 Mar 26, The Louisiana
Purchase was divided into the Territory of Orleans and the District of
Louisiana.
(AP, 3/26/97)
1804 Mar 28, Ohio passed law
restricting movement of Blacks. [see Jan 5]
(MC, 3/28/02)
1804 Apr 20, Jean-Jacques
Dessalines, Haitian rebel leader, commanded a massacre of the French at
town of Cape Francois. It is generally thought that Dessalines had
around 20,000 French slaughtered in early 1804.
(http://tinyurl.com/yu94s8)(http://tinyurl.com/23fdxf)
1804 Apr 22, Gioacchino Rossini
(12) performed in Imola.
(MC, 4/22/02)
1804 May 14, The Lewis and Clark
expedition to explore the Louisiana Territory left St. Louis. Explorer
William Clark sets off from St. Louis, Missouri, to travel upriver to
wait for Meriwether Lewis. The two will soon depart together on a
journey to reach the Pacific. The trip was retold in a TV movie by Ken
Burns in 1997. [see May 22]
(AP, 5/14/97)(SFC,11/4/97, p.B1)(HN, 5/14/99)
1804 May 16, Elizabeth Palmer
Peabody, founder of the first U.S. kindergarten, was born.
(HN, 5/16/98)
1804 May 18, The French Senate
proclaimed Napoleon Bonaparte emperor.
(AP, 5/18/97)(HN, 5/18/98)
1804 May 22, The Lewis and Clark
Expedition officially began as the Corps of Discovery departed from St.
Charles, Missouri. [see May 14]
(HN, 5/22/99)
1804 Jun 3, Richard Cobden,
English economist and politician, was born. He became known as 'the
Apostle of free trade.' He led the Anti-Corn League, which in 1839-1846
fought to remove price controls and import barriers for wheat.
(HN, 6/3/99)(Econ, 6/5/04, p.10)
1804 Jun 26, The Lewis and Clark
Expedition reached the mouth of the Kansas River after completing a
westward trek of nearly 400 river miles.
(HN, 6/26/98)
1804 Jun 29, Privates John Collins
and Hugh Hall of the Lewis and Clark Expedition were found guilty by a
court-martial consisting of members of the Corps of Discovery for
getting drunk on duty. Collins receives 100 lashes on his back and Hall
receives 50.
(HN, 6/29/98)
1804 Jul 1, George Sand
(Amandine-Aurore Lucille Dupin de Francueil, d.1876), French novelist,
was born in Paris. She wrote some 80 novels that included “Consuelo”
(1842) and “La Comtesse de Rudolstadt” (1843). In 1975 Curtis Cate
published the biography: "George Sand." "I would rather believe that
God did not exist than believe that He was indifferent."
(WUD, 1994, p.1265)(HN, 7/1/01) (AP, 10/17/98)(HN,
7/1/01)(Econ, 7/31/04, p.72)
1804 Jul 4, Nathaniel Hawthorne
(d.1864) American novelist and short-story writer, was born in
Marblehead, [Salem], Massachusetts. Hawthorne was born to a prominent
but decaying family. One of his ancestors, a judge in the Salem
witchcraft trials, became the model for the accursed founder of The
House of the Seven Gables. Hawthorne would often wonder whether the
decline of his family’s fortune was a punishment for the sins of his
"sable-cloaked steeple-crowned progenitors." Marblehead is also the
location of the house in his book "The House of Seven Gables." He also
wrote "The Scarlet Letter."
(WUD, 1994, p.651)(SFEC, 7/13/97, p.T9)(HN,
7/4/98)(IB, 12/7/98)
1804 Jul 11, Vice President Aaron
Burr mortally wounded Alexander Hamilton (47), former first Treasury
Secretary, in a pistol duel near Weehawken, N.J. A warrant for Burr’s
arrest was soon issued in New Jersey and New York, where Hamilton died.
In 1999 Richard Brookhiser wrote "Alexander Hamilton: American." In
2001 Joanne B. Freeman edited his writings and published: Alexander
Hamilton: Writings."
(AP, 7/11/97)(HN, 7/11/98)(WSJ, 2/25/99, p.A16)(WSJ,
12/3/01, p.A17)(ON, 12/08, p6)
1804 Jul 12, Alexander Hamilton
(47), US Sec. of Treasury, died in New York of wounds from a pistol
duel in New Jersey with VP Aaron Burr. In 1920 Frederick Scott Oliver
authored a Hamilton biography. In 2002 Stephen Knott authored
"Alexander Hamilton and the Persistence of Myth." In 2004 Ron Chernow
authored the biography "Alexander Hamilton." Lawyer Ambrose Spencer
(1765-1848) said Hamilton “more than any man, did the thinking of his
time.”
(WSJ, 2/4/04, p.A1)(SSFC, 4/25/04, p.M3)(WSJ,
10/20/04, p.D12)
1804 Jul 21, Victor Schoelcher,
abolished French slavery, was born in Guadeloupe.
(MC, 7/21/02)
1804 Aug 3, US Commodore Edward
Prebble’s squadron bombarded Tripoli inflicting heavy damages on the
city.
(ON, 2/03, p.4)
1804 Aug 20, Charles Floyd died,
the only fatality of the Lewis & Clark Expedition. In 1901 a
memorial was erected at his gravesite in Sioux City, Iowa.
(MC, 8/20/02)(Internet)
1804 Aug 25, In England Alice
Meynell became the 1st woman jockey.
(chblue.com, 8/25/01)
1804 Sep 5, In a daring night
raid, American sailors under Lieutenant Stephen Decatur, boarded the
captured USS Philadelphia and burned the ship to keep it out of the
hands of the Barbary pirates who captured her.
(HN, 9/5/98)
1804 Sep 21, Another major
hurricane hit Puerto Rico on the feast day of St. Matthew and became
known as the San Mateo II hurricane [see 1575].
(SSFC, 8/6/06, Par p.24)
1804 Sep 25, The 12th Amendment
was ratified. It required electors to vote separately for the president
and vice-president.
(HN, 9/25/98)(WSJ, 10/27/99, p.A16)(WSJ, 12/11/00,
p.A18)
1804 Oct 2, England mobilized to
protect against an expected French invasion by Napoleon.
(MC, 10/2/01)
1804 Oct 5, Robert Parker Parrott
(d.1877), Inventor (Parrot Gun- 1st machine gun), was born.
(MC, 10/5/01)
1804 Oct 5, The Nuestra Senora de
las Mercedes, a Spanish galleon, was sunk by the British navy southwest
of Portugal with more than 200 people on board. In May 2007, Odyssey
Marine Exploration announced that it had discovered a wreck in the
Atlantic and its cargo of 500,000 silver coins and other artifacts
worth an estimated $500 million. Spain claimed this was the Nuestra
Senora de las Mercedes. In 2009 Peru pushed claims to the silver coins
arguing that they were minted in Lima.
(AP,
5/8/08)(www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/mar/24/usa.spain)(AP, 1/29/09)
1804 Oct 6, Jean-Jacques
Dessalines (b.1758) had himself crowned James I, Emperor of Haiti. He
was murdered two years later in a conspiracy under Christophe and
Pétion.
(www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/43a/168.html)
1804 Oct 9, Hobart, Tasmania, was
founded.
(MC, 10/9/01)
1804 Nov 18, Palver Purim (Feast
of Lots) was 1st celebrated to commemorate miraculous escape. The
Jewish festival marked the deliverance of the Jews in Persia from Haman.
(WUD, 1994 p.1167)(MC, 11/18/01)
1804 Nov 23, Franklin Pierce, 14th
president of the United States, was born in Hillsboro, N.H.
(HN, 11/23/98)
1804 Nov 27, Pres. Jefferson
issued a nationwide proclamation to military and public officials
warning of a conspiracy to attack Spanish territory in Texas. He had
opened negotiations with Spain to purchase Texas territory west of New
Orleans. Jefferson had heard rumors that Aaron Burr had begun plotting
an invasion of Texas. Jefferson ordered Gen. James Wilkinson to move
federal troops into defensive positions between the Sabine River and
New Orleans. Wilkinson, unbeknownst to Jefferson, was a close confidant
of Burr and also worked as a spy in the employ of Spanish officials in
Mexico.
(ON, 12/08, p6)
1804 Nov 30, Supreme Court Justice
Samuel Chase went on trial, accused of political bias. He was acquitted
by the Senate in 1805.
(AP, 11/30/97)
1804 Nov, Thomas Jefferson was
re-elected US president. George Clinton, the seven-term governor of New
York, was elected vice president under Jefferson and again under
Madison in 1808. Clinton died in office on April 20, 1812.
(HNQ,
8/19/99)(www.sparknotes.com/biography/jefferson/timeline.html)
1804 Dec 1, Emperor Napoleon
married Josephine de Beauharnais, of Martinique.
(MC, 12/1/01)
1804 Dec 2, Napoleon crowned
himself emperor of France with Josephine as Empress as Pope Pius VII
looked on. In 1807 Jacques-Louis David completed his painting of the
event.
(WSJ, 12/14/04, p.D10)(AP, 12/2/07)
1804 Dec 21, Benjamin Disraeli
(d.1881), Prime Minister of Great Britain (1868, 1874-80), was born. He
instituted reforms in housing, public health and factory regulations.
"Youth is a blunder; manhood a struggle; old age a regret." In 1993
Stanley Weintraub published "Disraeli: A Biography."
(AP, 10/21/97)(WSJ, 11/17/98, p.21)(HN,
12/21/98)(MC, 12/21/01)
1804 John Quincy Adams published
his travel book: "Letters on Silesia."
(WSJ, 10/22/97, p.A20)
1804 Fort Dearborn was erected on
the Chicago River on the site of present-day downtown Chicago. With the
outbreak of the War of 1812, the garrison of 67 soldiers, their
dependents and settlers were ordered to evacuate to Fort Wayne. Most of
them were massacred en route by Pottawatomie Indians, who then burned
the fort. Fort Dearborn was rebuilt in 1816 and around it grew the
settlement that would become Chicago. Abandoned in 1837, Fort Dearborn
was demolished in 1856.
(HNQ, 2/13/00)
1804 Meriwether Lewis and William
Clark packed up 5,555 rations of flour, and 120 gallons of whiskey for
their western journey of exploration that would last 2 ½ years.
In 1996 Stephen Ambrose published an account of their trip titled:
"Undaunted Courage: Meriwether Lewis, Thomas Jefferson, and the opening
of the American West." The cutthroat trout, Onchorhynchus clarki
lewisi, was found to be highly abundant. In 1997 the fish was on the
brink of extinction.
(WSJ, 1/30/96, p.A-12)(SFC, 5/21/97, p.A2)
1804 The town of St. Michaels on
the Chesapeake Bay was incorporated, resurveyed and laid out in three
squares: Harrison’s square to the north, Thompson’s square to the west
and Braddock’s square to the east.
(SMBA, 1996)
1804 In Australia soldiers fired
on an aboriginal hunting party on Tasmania and killed some 50 people.
Some were salted down and sent to Sydney as anthropological curiosities.
(WSJ, 8/2100, p.A1)
1804 The British Royal
Horticultural Society was formed.
(WSJ, 5/30/01, p.A1)
1804 The British Royal Watercolour
Society was formed.
(Hem., 3/97, p.94)
1804 Samuel Taylor Coleridge (32),
English poet, fled to Malta and worked as an assistant to the civilian
governor. He returned to England in 1806.
(WSJ, 4/15/99, p.A20)
1804 A motion in British
Parliament for abolition of the slave trade passed in the House of
Commons 124 to 29, but was defeated in the House of Lords.
(ON, 4/05, p.2)
1804 Sir George Cayley, England’s
“father of aeronautics,” built and flew the world’s first successful
model glider.
(NPub, 2002, p.4)
1804 The Botanical Gardens of
Antwerp, Belgium, began as a large herb garden dedicated to medicinal
plants.
(Hem., 7/95, p.27)
1804 A stone signal tower was
built on Clare Island as part of a series along the Irish west coast in
fear of an invasion by Napoleon.
(SFEC, 4/12/98, p.T8)
1804 The Pere Lachaise Cemetery of
Paris was founded.
(SFC, 6/16/96, T-6)
1804 Empress Josephine, wife of
Napoleon I, began a rose collection at Malmaison, and sparked a wide
interest in rose culture.
(SFC, 7/14/99, p.4)
1804 The Wahabis captured Medina,
Arabia.
(NW, 9/30/02, p.33)
1804 Immanuel Kant (b. 1724),
German philosopher, died. His "categorical imperative" helped to
ascertain the proper course under any circumstances: "Act only on the
maxim through which you can at the same time will that it should become
a universal law." Kant had described how the sun and planets might have
condensed from a primordial cloud with no divine intervention.
(V.D.-H.K.p.40)(HN, 4/22/98)(SFC, 4/25/01,
p.E5)(SFC, 6/17/02, p.A6)
1804-1866 Eliphalet Nott, Presbyterian minister,
president of Union College during this period. UC was the first
non-denominational college in the US. It emphasized practical education
as well as classical studies.
(WSJ, 3/21/95, p.A-12)
1804-1999 In 2000 Misha Glenny authored "The Balkans,
1804-1899."
(WSJ, 5/1/00, p.A32)
1805 Jan 11, The Michigan
Territory was created.
(AP, 1/11/98)
1805 Jan 31, Mungo Park set sail
from Portsmouth to Africa where he planned to navigate the Niger River
to its mouth.
(ON, 7/00, p.10)
1805 Feb 11, At Fort Mandan ND
Sacajawea (16), the Shoshoni guide for Lewis & Clark, gave birth to
a son, with Meriwether Lewis serving as midwife. Sacagawea, the young
Native American girl who aided the Lewis and Clark Expedition, was of
the Lemhi Shoshones, who made their home in what is now southeastern
Idaho and southwestern Montana. About 1800 Sacagawea was captured by a
Hidatsa raiding party at the Three Forks of the Missouri River.
Sometime in 1804, she and another woman were purchased by
French-Canadian fur trapper Toussaint Charbonneau, who lived among the
Hidatsa and Mandan Indians, to be his wives.
(HN, 2/11/99)(HNQ, 12/1/99)(AH, 2/05, p.17)
1805 Feb 18, Louis Malesherbes
Goldsborough, Rear Admiral (Union Navy), was born.
(MC, 2/18/02)
1805 Feb 26, Alexander
Stulginskis, the 2nd president of Lithuania, was born at Kutaliai in
the Silale region. He died Sep 22, 1969 in Kaunas.
(LHC, 2/26/03)
1805 Mar 1, Chief Justice Samuel
Chase was acquitted by the Senate ending the Republican campaign
against the Federalist bench and discouraging subsequent
administrations from using impeachment to remove politically obnoxious
judges.
(HNQ, 1/21/99)
1805 Mar 3, Louisiana-Missouri
Territory formed.
(SC, 3/3/02)
1805 Mar 4, Pres. Thomas Jefferson
delivered his 2nd inaugural address.
(http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761570282_10/thomas_jefferson.html)
1805 Apr 2, Hans Christian
Andersen (d.1875), author of 150 fairy tales, was born in Odense,
Denmark.
(CFA, '96, p.44)(HN, 4/2/98)(AP, 4/2/99)
1805 Apr 7, Francis Wilkinson
Pickens (d.1869), (Gov SC, Confederacy), was born.
(MC, 4/7/02)
1805 Apr 7, Beethoven conducted
the premiere of his "Eroica" symphony. It was 1st published in Vienna.
(MC, 4/7/02)(WSJ, 5/20/03, p.A1)
1805 Apr 24, U.S. Marines attacked
and captured the town of Derna in Tripoli from the Barbary pirates.
[see Apr 27]
(HN, 4/24/99)
1805 Apr 27, US navy ships began
to bombard the Tripoli port of Derna. Mercenaries gathered in Egypt and
a small contingent of US Marines under former Tunis consul William
Eaton attacked Tripoli and captured the city of Derna [later part of
Libya].
(AP, 4/27/97)(HN, 4/27/98)(ON, 10/06, p.9)
1805 May 1, The state of Virginia
passed a law requiring all freed slaves to leave the state, or risk
either imprisonment or deportation.
(HN, 5/1/99)
1805 May 9, Johann Christoph
Friedrich von Schiller (45), poet, playwright, died in Weimar.
(MC, 5/9/02)(SSFC, 8/1/04, p.D10)
1805 May 14, Johann Peter Emilius
Hartmann, composer, was born.
(MC, 5/14/02)
1805 May 25, William Paley
(b.1805), orthodox Anglican writer, died. He is remembered today
primarily for classical formulation of the teleological argument for
the existence of God. Arguing from the analogy of a watch and
watchmaker, Paley suggested that the analogy offered evidence that the
universe includes order and design, hence a Designer.
(www.wmcarey.edu/carey/paley/paley.htm)(www.thebookofdays.com/months/aug/30.htm)
1805 May 26, Lewis and Clark first
saw the Rocky Mountains.
(MC, 5/26/02)
1805 May 26, Napoleon Bonaparte
was crowned king of Italy. [see May 28}
(AP, 5/26/97)
1805 May 28, Napoleon was crowned
in Milan, Italy. [see May 26]
(HN, 5/28/98)
1805 May 28, Ridolfo Luigi
Boccherini (62), Italian composer, cellist (Minuet), died.
(MC, 5/28/02)
1805 Jun 4, The US signed a Treaty
of Peace and Amity at Tripoli. The US agreed to pay Tripoli $60,000 in
war reparations and was in turn absolved of tribute demands. The treaty
was ratified by the US on Apr 17, 1806.
(ON, 2/03,
p.4)(www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/diplomacy/barbary/bar1805t.htm)
1805 Jun 14, Robert Anderson
(d.1871), Bvt. Major General (Union Army), defender of Ft. Sumpter, was
born.
(MC, 6/14/02)
1805 Jul 19, Members of the Lewis
& Clark expedition made their way up river through the limestone
walled gorge they called the Gates of the Mountains on the Missouri
River in Montana.
(GOTM, brochure)
1805 Jul 25, Aaron Burr visited
New Orleans with plans to establish a new country, with New Orleans as
the capital city.
(HN, 7/25/98)
1805 Jul 26, Constantine Brumidi,
artist (Myrtle Murdock), was born.
(MC, 7/26/02)
1805 Jul 26, Naples and Calabria
were struck by an earthquake and some 26,000 died.
(MC, 7/26/02)
1805 Jul 29, Alexis de Tocqueville
(d.1859), French historian who wrote "Democracy in America, was born."
"America is a land of wonders, in which everything is in constant
motion and every change seems an improvement."
(HN, 7/29/98)(AP, 1/20/01)
1805 Aug 3, Mohammed Ali became
the new ruler of Egypt.
(HN, 8/3/98)
1805 Aug 4, William Rowan
Hamilton (d.1865), Irish scientist, was born.
(HN, 8/4/00)
1805 Aug 9, Austria joined
Britain, Russia, Sweden and the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia in the
Third Coalition against Napoleonic France and Spain.
(HN, 8/9/98)(HNQ, 10/19/98)
1805 Sep 23, Lieutenant Zebulon
Pike paid $2,000 to buy from the Sioux a 9-square-mile tract at the
mouth of the Minnesota River that would be used to establish a military
post, Fort Snelling.
(HN, 9/23/98)
1805 Sep 30, Napoleon's army
entered the Rhine valley.
(MC, 9/30/01)
1805 Oct 20, Austrian general Karl
Mac surrendered to Napoleon’s army at the battle of Ulm.
(HN, 10/20/98)
1805 Oct 21, A British fleet
commanded by Vice Adm. Horatio Nelson defeated a French-Spanish fleet
in the Battle of Trafalgar fought off Cape Trafalgar, Spain. Admiral
Nelson won his greatest victory and though fatally wounded in the
battle aboard his flagship, he lived long enough to see victory. The
crew fittingly preserved his body in rum. Over 8,500 Englishmen,
Frenchmen and Spaniards were lost in the battle or the hurricane that
swept over the ships the next day. In 1807 Nelson’s surgeon William
Beatty authored “authentic narrative of the Death of Lord Nelson.” In
1999 Barry Unsworth authored the novel "Losing Nelson." In 2001 Joseph
F. Callo edited "Nelson Speaks: Admiral Lord Nelson in His Own Words."
In 2005 Adam Nicolson authored “Men of Honour: Trafalgar and the Making
of the English Hero;” Roy Adkins authored “Nelson’s Trafalgar,” and
Adam Nicolson authored “Seize the Fire.”
(WSJ, 5/24/01, p.A20)(Econ, 6/25/05, p.82)(WSJ,
8/19/05, p.W6)(ON, 3/06, p.2)
1805 Nov 7, Lewis and Clark
reached the estuary of the Columbia River.
(www.lewisandclarktrail.com/section4/wacities/chinook/1805history1.htm)
1805 Nov 14, Fanny Cecilia
Mendelssohn Hensel, composer, was born.
(MC, 11/14/01)
1805 Nov 18, The Lewis and Clark
expedition reached the Pacific Ocean.
(www.lewisandclarktrail.com/section4/wacities/chinook/1805history1.htm)
1805 Nov 19, Ferdinand de Lesseps,
French diplomat and engineer (built Suez Canal), was born.
(MC, 11/19/01)
1805 Nov 20, Beethoven's
"Fidelio," premiered in Vienna.
(MC, 11/20/01)
1805 Nov 28, John Stephens, US
archaeologist, was born. He founded the study of Central America.
(MC, 11/28/01)
1805 Dec 2, Napoleon Bonaparte
celebrated the first anniversary of his coronation with a victory at
Austerlitz over a Russian and Austrian army.
(HN, 12/2/98)
1805 Dec 6, Nicholas-Jacques Conti
(b.1755), French pencil maker, died in Paris. He created the number
system used to rate pencil lead hardness: the higher the number, the
harder the graphite.
(SSFC, 1/23/05, p.C2)
1805 Dec 10, William Lloyd
Garrison (d.1879), abolitionist publisher, was born in Newburyport,
Mass. In 1831 he published "The Liberator." In 1998 Henry Mayer
published "All On Fire: William Lloyd Garrison and the Abolition of
American Slavery."
(SFEC, 1/3/99, BR p.1)(MC, 12/10/01)
1805 Dec 12, Henry Wells, founder
of American Express and Wells Fargo, was born.
(MC, 12/12/01)
1805 Dec 23, Joseph Smith Junior
(d.1844), principal founder of the Mormon religious movement, was born
in Sharon, Vermont.
(SFC, 4/9/96, A-7)(AP, 12/23/05)
1805 Dec 31, The French
Revolutionary calendar law was abolished. France returned to the
Gregorian calendar.
(K.I.-365D, p.43)(MC, 12/31/01)
1805 Charles Willson Peale,
American painter began his painting "The Exhumation of the Mastodon."
It was based on an 1881 real exhumation in rural New York that helped
topple biblically inspired beliefs of the history of the earth.
(SFC, 1/25/97, p.E3)
1805 Pierre-Paul Prud’hon
(1758-1823), French artist, painted "Empress Josephine at Malmaison."
(WSJ, 4/8/98, p.A20)
1805 Joseph Mallord William Turner
(1775-1851), English painter and printmaker, created his painting “The
Shipwreck.”
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._M._W._Turner)
1805 "Leonore," the only opera by
Beethoven, premiered. It later became known as "Fidelio" and was based
on a play by Jean Nicolas Bouilly.
(SFEC, 5/25/97, DB p.21)
1805 Louisiana passed legislation
against sodomy. The law was upheld in 2002.
(SFC, 11/23/02, p.A5)
1805 The Massachusetts state
Legislature staged a mock impeachment trial of Pres. Jefferson. His
affair with Sally Hemmings was one of the charges.
(SFEC, 11/1/98, p.A1)
1805 The Philadelphia harbor was
dredged with a high-pressure steam engine invented by Oliver Evans. He
was unable to get a proper patent for it.
(WSJ, 6/4/08, p.A19)
1805 As early as 1805, Bostonian
Frederic Tudor (b.1783) considered ways to make money by exporting ice,
a valueless commodity in New England, to the tropics. Tudor supported
technical innovations, like the horse-drawn sleigh with saw-like
runners, which improved the cutting, shipping and storage of large ice
blocks. Recognizing that people living in warm climates were not
familiar with cool food and drinks, Tudor traveled to prospective
markets making ice cream and providing free ice for barkeepers. By
1856, Tudor's role as the "Ice King" was firmly established as 146,000
tons of ice shipped from Boston transformed the eating habits of people
from the Philippines to the southern United States.
(HNPD, 4/13/99)
1805 Napoleon defeated Austria and
Prussia. In 1997 Alistair Horne wrote: "How Far from Austerlitz?
Napoleon 1805-1815."
(WSJ, 7/10/96, p.A16)(WSJ, 5/19/97, p.A16)
1805 Lord Charles Cornwallis,
governor general of India, died in India.
(HNQ, 9/9/02)
1805 Jean-Baptiste Greuze
(b.1725), French artist, died. Diderot said: "This man draws like an
angel."
(WSJ, 5/14/02, p.D7)
1805 Prussia sent Baron Wilhelm
von Humboldt as envoy to the Vatican, the first Protestant state to do
so.
(Econ, 7/21/07, p.59)
1805 Spanish soldiers under Lt.
Francisco Ruiz discovered badgers in a canyon during an expedition in
southern California. The area was thus named El Tejon (the badger).
(SFC, 5/9/08, p.A1)
1805-1815 The 1997 book by British historian Alistair
Horne: "How Far From Austerlitz," covered this period Napoleon
Bonaparte.
(SFEC,11/2/97, Par p.10)
1805-1848 Khachatur Abovian, Armenian novelist,
helped develop a nationalist literature.
(Compuserve Online Enc. / Armenia)
1805-1848 Mehemet Ali (Mohammed Ali) served as the
viceroy of Egypt.
(WUD, 1994, p.892)
1805-1859 Alexis de Tocqueville, French writer and
social observer.
(V.D.-H.K.p.232)
1805-1882 Ralph Waldo Emerson, American essayist and
poet, author of English Notes. [this date is incorrect, see 1803-1882]
(V.D.-H.K.p.400)
1806 Jan 1, Bavaria was proclaimed
as a kingdom. A crowning celebration for the crown prince Max Joseph,
however, never took place.
(http://spatenusa.com/timeline.html)
1806 Jan 8, Lewis & Clark
found the skeleton of 105' blue whale in Oregon.
(MC, 1/8/02)
1806 Jan 10, The Capitulation of
Papendorp: The Dutch in Cape Town surrendered to a British fleet.
(EWH, 4th ed, p.884)
1806 Jan 17, James Madison
Randolph, Thomas Jefferson's grandson, was the 1st to be born in White
House. His mother was Martha Randolph one of President Thomas
Jefferson's two daughters, this was her 8th child.
(AP, 1/17/06)
1806 Jan 23, William Pitt (46),
the Younger, PM Great Britain (1783-1801 and 1804-1806), died. Pitt was
the founder of the modern Conservative Party. In 2004 William Hague
authored the biography “William Pitt The Younger.”
(http://dspace.dial.pipex.com/town/terrace/adw03/pms/pitt.htm)(WSJ,
2/9/05, p.D10)
1806 Feb 11, Vicente Martin y
Soler (51), composer, died.
(MC, 2/11/02)
1806 Feb 22, James Barry (b.1741),
Irish-born Neoclassical painter, died.
(www.artnet.com/library/00/0065/T006539.asp)(Econ,
2/18/06, p.78)
1806 cFeb, Mungo Park drowned in
the Niger River during an attack by armed men near Bussa. He had
traveled some 1500 miles down the Niger River.
(ON, 7/00, p.12)
1806 Mar 6, Elizabeth Barrett
Browning (d.1861), English poet, was born in Durham, England. She wrote
"Sonnets from the Portuguese." "Since when was genius found
respectable?"
(AP, 3/6/98)(HN, 3/6/99)(AP, 8/12/99)
1806 Mar 16, Norbert Rillieux,
inventor (sugar refiner), was born.
(MC, 3/16/02)
1806 Mar 21, Lewis and Clark began
their trip home after an 8,000 mile trek of the Mississippi basin and
the Pacific Coast. [see Mar 23]
(HN, 3/21/01)
1806 Mar 21, Mexican statesman
Benito Juarez, who was Mexico’s first president of Indian ancestry, was
born in Oaxaca.
(AP, 3/21/97)
1806 Mar 23, Explorers Lewis and
Clark, having reached the Pacific coast, began their journey back East.
Lewis and Clark reached the Pacific Coast. [see Mar 21]
(AP, 3/23/97)(HN, 3/23/98)
1806 Mar 29, President Thomas
Jefferson commissioned the National Road, the first federally financed
interstate. Although it took decades to finish, the National Road
helped open the land west of the Appalachians to settlers and commerce.
It was later lengthened, paved and renamed U.S. 40, but was eclipsed in
the 1960s by Interstate 70, a parallel superhighway.
(AP, 6/3/06)
1806 Mar 30, In England Lady
Georgiana Cavendish, an adept negotiator for the Whigs, died at age 49.
In 1999 Amanda Foreman authored "Georgiana," a biography of Georgiana
Spencer.
(WSJ, 1/7/00, p.W4)
1806 Mar, Frederic Tudor arrived
in the brigantine Favorite at a Martinique port with 130 toms of New
England ice. An anticipated icehouse and his partners were nowhere to
be found, so Tudor peddled the ice directly from the ship and convinced
a local restaurateur to sell the previously unknown dessert, ice
cream. Despite his efforts, Tudor lost $4,000 on the venture, the
first of several setbacks throughout his rocky business career.
(HNQ, 1/6/01)
1806 Apr 4, Friedrich Gottlob
Fleischer (84), composer, died.
(MC, 4/4/02)
1806 Apr 5, Isaac Quintard
patented apple cider.
(MC, 4/5/02)
1806 Apr 10, Leonidas Polk
(d.1864), bishop, Lt Gen (Confederate Army), was born.
(MC, 4/10/02)
1806 Apr 13, Jean-Jacques
Bachelier (~82), French painter, died.
(MC, 4/13/02)
1806 Apr, Nicolai Rezanov (42), a
director of the Russian-American Co., arrived in SF aboard the Juno. He
had proposed a California outpost to serve the Russian colonies in
Alaska and sailed south to establish a settlement on the Columbia River
but could not land there due to difficult seas. He sailed south to the
Presidio at Monterey and negotiated a trade deal with Commander Jose
Arguello. He also fell in love with Concepcion Arguello (d.1857), the
daughter of Commander Arguello, and proposed marriage. He died that
winter while crossing Siberia.
(SFEC, 3/23/97, p.T5)(SFC, 2/18/06, p.A1)
1806 May 6, Chapin Aaron Harris,
founder of the America Society of Dental Surgeons, was born.
(MC, 5/6/02)
1806 May 12, J.V. Snellman,
Finnish journalist, statesman and nationalist, was born. The day is
remembered in Finland as Snellman day.
(SC, Internet, 5/12/97)
1806 May 20, John Stuart Mill
(d.1873), British philosopher and economist, was born. He promoted
utilitarianism and is known as the last great economist of the
classical school. He authored "Principles of Political Economy" wherein
in theorized that production was the real basis for economic law. He
felt that the market was capable of allocating resources but not of
distributing income. "If all mankind minus one, were of one opinion,
and only one person were of the contrary opinion, mankind would be no
more justified in silencing that one person, than he, if he had the
power, would be justified in silencing mankind."
(V.D.-H.K.p.253)(WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R20)(AP,
1/13/00)(HN, 5/20/01)
1806 May 21, Nicolai Rezanov
(1764-1806), a director of the Russian-American Co., departed SF for
Sitka, Alaska. He died that winter while crossing Siberia.
(SFEC, 3/23/97, p.T5)(SFC, 2/18/06, p.A1)
1806 Jun 12, John Roebling, civil
engineer, pioneer in designing suspension bridges, was born.
(HN, 6/12/01)
1806 Jun 27, Buenos Aires was
captured by British. [see Jul 5]
(SC, 6/27/02)
1806 Jun, Lord Elgin was paroled
by the French government.
(ON, 11/99, p.4)
1806 Jul 3, Michael Keens
exhibited the 1st cultivated strawberry.
(MC, 7/3/02)
1806 Jul 5, A Spanish army
repelled the British during their attempt to retake Buenos Aires,
Argentina.
(HN, 7/5/98)
1806 Jul 10, George Stubbs
(b.1724), British artist, died. His work included the publication
“Anatomy of the Horse” (1766).
(WSJ, 4/28/05,
p.D8)(www.abcgallery.com/S/stubbs/stubbsbio.html)
1806 Jul 12, The Confederation of
the Rhine was established in Germany.
(HN, 7/12/98)
1806 Jul 12, Napoleon granted
Liechtenstein sovereignty.
(AP, 7/12/06)
1806 Jul 15, Lieutenant Zebulon
Pike began his famous western expedition from Fort Belle Fountaine,
near St. Louis, Missouri. Pike was the US Army officer who in 1805 led
an exploring party in search of the source of the Mississippi River.
(HN, 7/15/99)(MC, 7/15/02)
1806 Aug 6, The Holy Roman Empire
went out of existence as Emperor Francis I abdicated.
(AP, 8/6/97)
1806 Aug 10, Johann Michael Haydn
(68), composer, died.
(MC, 8/10/02)
1806 Aug 22, Jean-Honore Fragonard
(74), French painter, engraver, died.
(MC, 8/22/02)
1806 Sep 20, Explorers Meriwether
Lewis and William Clark passed the French village of La Charette, the
first white settlement they had seen in more than two years.
(HN, 9/20/98)
1806 Sep 23, The Lewis and Clark
expedition returned to St. Louis from the Pacific Northwest over three
years after its departure. In 2004 Larry E. Morris authored “The Fate
of the Corps,” a look at what happened to all the members of the
expedition.
(AP, 9/23/97)(HN, 9/23/98)(WSJ, 7/2/04, p.W10)
1806 Oct 7, Carbon paper was
patented in London by inventor Ralph Wedgewood.
(MC, 10/7/01)
1806 Oct 8, British forces laid
siege to French port of Boulogne using Congreve rockets, invented by
Sir William Congreve.
(MC, 10/8/01)
1806 Oct 14, The forces of French
Emperor Napoleon I defeated the Prussians in the twin battles of Jena
and Auerstadt.
(AP, 10/14/07)
1806 Oct 17, Jean-Jacques
Dessalines (b.1758), Emp. Jacques I of Haiti, was assassinated.
(www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/43a/168.html)
1806 Oct 27, Emperor Napoleon
entered Berlin.
(HN, 10/27/98)
1806 Nov 16, Moses Cleaveland
(52), the land surveyor for whom the city of Cleveland is named, died
in Canterbury, Conn.
(AP, 11/16/06)
1806 Nov 13, The 14,110-foot
Pike's Peak was discovered, but not climbed, by Lieutenant Zebulon
Montgomery Pike during an expedition to locate the source of the
Mississippi. Explorations by Lt. Zebulon Pike and Kit Carson mapped out
much of the state. [see Nov 15]
(HN, 11/13/98)(Time, 1990s Almanac CD)
1806 Nov 13, Emilija Pliaterytė,
Lithuanian rebel leader, was born in Vilnius, Lithuania. In 1831 she
organized a rebel detachment in Dusetos with her cousin Cesar Pliateris
(1810-1869) and both took an active part in the uprising. [see Dec 23,
1831]
(http://www.mmlab.ktu.lt/mmlab/ZarasaiE/zmo/za_pli.htm)
1806 Nov 15, 1st US college
magazine, Yale Literary Government, published its 1st issue.
(MC, 11/15/01)
1806 Nov 15, Explorer Zebulon Pike
discovered the Colorado mountaintop, originally called "The Long One"
by Ute Indians, and now known as Pikes Peak. Lt. Pike was leading a
survey party into the newly acquired Louisiana Purchase when he spotted
the snow capped peak in the distance. He didn’t climb it. [see Nov 13]
(AP, 11/15/97)(HN, 11/15/98)(MC, 11/15/01)
1806 Nov 21, In the Decree of
Berlin Emperor Napoleon banned all trade with England.
(MC, 11/21/01)
1806 Nov 28, French forces led by
Joachim Murat entered Warsaw.
(AP, 11/28/06)
1806 Dec 3, Henry Alexander Wise
(d.1876), Brig General (Confederate Army), was born.
(MC, 12/3/01)
1806 Dec 26, Napoleon’s army was
checked by the Russians at the Battle of Pultusk.
(HN, 12/26/98)
1806 Jean-Gabriel Charvet painted
his wallpaper panel "Savages of the Pacific Ocean."
(SFEC, 6/7/98, Z1 p.2)
1806 Jean Ingres painted his
magnificent: "Napoleon I on His Imperial Throne."
(WSJ, 5/28/99, p.W12)
1806 In London James Beresford
published his bestselling book “The Miseries of Human Life, or the
groans of Samuel Sensitive and Timothy Testy. With a few supplementary
sighs from Mrs. Testy. In twelve dialogues.”
(http://search.abaa.org/dbp2/book336754032.html)
1806 Charles and Mary Lamb
authored “Tales from Shakespeare.” [see 1796: Mad Mary Lamb]
(WSJ, 2/18/05, p.W6)
1806 Wordsworth (1770-1850)
composed the lines: "The world is too much with us."
(NOHY, 3/90, p.163)
1806 A catalog of the plants at
Elgin Botanical Garden was published. This was the first botanical
garden in NYC and was located at what later became Rockefeller Center.
(WSJ, 7/7/98, p.A14)
1806 A printed reference to a
mixed drink cocktail first appeared in the US.
(SFC,12/24/97, Z1 p.6)
1806 William Strickland, architect
of the first Town Hall in New York, introduced the technique of the
suspension bridge in the United States, which he learned in France.
(AP, 5/3/03)
1806 In Baltimore, Maryland,
ground was broken for a cathedral designed by Benjamin Henry Latrobe.
Bungles and war delayed dedication until 1821. In 1937 Pope Pius XI
elevated the cathedral to a basilica.
(WSJ, 11/2/06, p.D8)
1806 Jesse Wood of Poughkeepsie,
N.Y. was tried for the murder of his son.
(LSA., Fall 1995, p.20)
1806 Aaron Burr, Vice-President
under Thomas Jefferson, was implicated in a reputed plot among
northeastern Federalists to break up the Union rather than to submit to
four more years of Republican rule. One of the goals of the Burr
Conspiracy was to separate Louisiana and other Western states from the
Union and establish an empire with Burr at the head. Aaron Burr,
formerly vice president under Thomas Jefferson, had recently slain
Alexander Hamilton in a duel in July 1804 when he began plotting a
movement to separate the Western states from the Union. Burr was later
tried for treason in federal court and acquitted. Burr was captured in
1806 on the Ohio River and charged with recruiting forces to further
plot the disunion.
(A&IP, ESM, p.28)(HNQ, 11/30/98)
1806 Shoemakers in Philadelphia
formed a union.
(WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R27)
1806 Ye Old Pepper Companie was
founded in Salem, Mass., USA. It claims to be the country’s oldest
candy company.
(Hem., Dec. ‘95, p.35)
1806 NYC Mayor DeWitt Clinton,
having read the work of Englishman Joseph Lancaster, formed the New
York Free School Society to found Lancastrian schools.
(ON, 3/06, p.10)
1806 Andrew Jackson killed
Charles Dickinson in a duel over a debt owed on a horse race bet.
Jackson was struck in the chest by Dickinson‘s shot but returned fire
and killed his opponent. "I should have hit him," he reportedly said,
"if he had shot me through the brain." His duel with Dickinson was one
of several the often ill-tempered Jackson engaged in. Jackson, who
became the seventh U.S. president in 1829, carried Dickinson‘s bullet
in his chest until he died in 1845.
(HNQ, 3/22/00)
1806 Lord Grenville succeeded
William Pitt as British prime minister.
(ON, 4/05, p.3)
1806 The British wrested power
over South Africa from the Dutch and prompt the Boer farmers to later
move into the interior.
(NG, Oct. 1988, p. 564)
1806 The British began the
construction of Dartmoor Prisoner to house French soldiers captured in
the Napoleonic Wars. It was capable of housing 10,500 prisoners and
2,000 guards.
(AH, 10/02, p.33)
1806 In Paris the 3-mile Canal St.
Marten waterway was built to connect the Seine to northeast France.
(SFEC, 6/28/98, p.T7)
1806 Napoleon issued his Berlin
Decrees. They established the Continental System to restrict European
trade with Britain.
(WSJ, 7/10/96, p.A16)
1806 Napoleon ordered that all
French citizens be vaccinated against smallpox.
(NW, 10/14/02, p.50)
1806 Apr 21, Saudi Arabs led Sunni
raids into Najaf, Iraq, killing about 5,000 people.
(Econ, 10/11/08, p.65)(http://tinyurl.com/5qdnf3)
1806 A ruling by the Spanish king
set a boundary between Honduras and Nicaragua projecting eastward along
the 15th parallel from the mouth of the Coco River. In 1999 Nicaragua
filed a border case against Honduras with the UN. It was resolved in
2007.
(AP, 10/8/07)
1806-1813 Trieste was held under French rule.
(www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/Rotunda/2209/Trieste.html)
1806-1914 In 1996 Public Broadcasting featured "The
West," a historical documentary covering this period in the US.
(SFC, 7/17/96, p.E5)
1807 Jan 2, Lord Grenville
presented to British Parliament a “Bill for the Abolition of the Slave
Trade,” effective May 1. He introduced it directly to the House of
Lords. It passed the House of Lords by 64 votes and cleared the House
of Commons on March 25.
(ON, 4/05, p.3)
1807 Jan 7, Responding to
Napoleon's blockade of the British Isles, The British blockaded
Continental Europe.
(HN, 1/7/99)
1807 Jan 11, Ezra Cornell, founder
of Western Union Telegraph and Cornell University (NY), was born in
Westchester, NY.
(AP, 1/11/07)
1807 Jan 19, Robert E. Lee, the
commander-in-chief of the Civil War Confederate Armies, was born in
Stratford, Va.
(AP, 1/19/98)(HN, 1/19/99)
1807 Jan 20, Napoleon convened the
great Sanhedrin in Paris.
(MC, 1/20/02)
1807 Jan 22, President Thomas
Jefferson exposed a plot by Aaron Burr to form a new republic in the
Southwest.
(HN, 1/22/99)
1807 Jan 28, London's Pall Mall
was 1st street lit by gaslight.
(MC, 1/28/02)
1807 Feb 5, Pasquale Paoli (80),
Corsican freedom fighter, died.
(MC, 2/5/02)
1807 Feb 8, At Eylau, Poland,
Napoleon’s Marshal Pierre Agureau attacked Russian forces in a heavy
snowstorm. Like Napoleon, to whom he is most often compared, Alexsandr
Suvorov believed that opportunities in battle are created by fortune
but exploited by intelligence, experience and an intuitive eye. To him,
mastery of the art and science of war was not, therefore, purely
instinctive. Napoleon’s forces ran low on supplies at Eylau and ate
their horses.
(HN, 2/7/97)(WSJ, 9/21/05, p.A8)
1807 Feb 9, French Sanhedrin was
convened by Napoleon.
(MC, 2/9/02)
1807 Feb 19, Former Vice President
Aaron Burr was arrested in Alabama. He was subsequently tried for
treason and acquitted. [see May 22, Sep 1]
(HN, 2/19/98)(AP, 2/19/98)
1807 Feb 24, In a crush to witness
the hanging of Holloway, Heggerty and Elizabeth Godfrey in England 17
died and 15 were wounded.
(MC, 2/24/02)
1807 Feb 27, Henry Wadsworth
Longfellow (d.1882), was born in Portland, Maine. He was an American
poet famous for "The Children's Hour," and "Evangeline." "What is time?
The shadow on the dial, the striking of the clock, the running of the
sand, day and night, summer and winter, months, years, centuries—these
are but arbitrary and outward signs, the measure of Time, not Time
itself. Time is the Life of the soul."
(AP, 10/11/97)(AP, 2/27/98)(HN, 2/27/99)
1807 Mar 2, Congress banned slave
trade effective January 1, 1808. The further importation of slaves was
abolished but an inter-American slave trade continued.
(V.D.-H.K.p.276)(WSJ, 12/16/97, p.A18)(WSJ,
10/19/98, p.A24)(SC, 3/2/02)
1807 Mar 5, 1st performance of
Ludwig von Beethoven's 4th Symphony in B.
(MC, 3/5/02)
1807 Mar 25, William Wilberforce
(1759-1833), evangelical member of Parliament, piloted a slave-trade
abolition bill through the British House of Commons. This led to a
labor problem in South Africa. In 1833 Britain abolished slavery
throughout the British Empire when the Slavery Abolition Bill was read
a third time
(HN, 3/24/98)(WSJ, 5/26/04,
p.A8)(www.anti-slaverysociety.addr.com/huk-wilberforce.htm)
1807 Mar 25, 1st railway passenger
service began in England.
(MC, 3/25/02)
1807 Apr 4, Joseph Jerome Le
Francaise de Lalande, French astronomer, died.
(MC, 4/4/02)
1807 Apr 18, Erasmus Darwin,
physician, writer (Influence), died.
(MC, 4/18/02)
1807 Apr 20, Aloysius Bertrand
("Gaspard de la Nuit"), French poet, was born.
(HN, 4/20/01)
1807 May 1, John Bankhead "Prince
John" Magruder, Major General (Confederate Army), was born.
(MC, 5/1/02)
1807 May 22, The treason trial of
former VP Aaron Burr began in Richmond, Va. [see Sep 1]
(PCh, 1992, p.367)(MC, 5/22/02)
1807 May 22, Townsend Speakman 1st
sold fruit-flavored carbonated drinks in Phila.
(MC, 5/22/02)
1807 May 28, Jean Louis Agassiz
(d.1873), Swiss naturalist and educator, was born. He wrote a
succession of papers [1840] outlining continental glaciation not only
of Europe but of North America.
(DD-EVTT, p.129)(AHD,1971, p.24)(HN, 5/28/01)
1807 Jun 25, Napoleon I of France
and Russian Czar Alexander I met near Tilsit, in northern Prussia, to
discuss terms for ending war between their empires.
(AP, 6/25/07)
1807 Jun 22, British officers of
the HMS Leopard boarded the USS Chesapeake after she had set sail for
the Mediterranean, and demanded the right to search the ship for
deserters. Commodore James Barron refused and the British opened fire
with broadsides on the unprepared Chesapeake and forced her to
surrender. The British provocation led to the War of 1812.
(NG, Sept. 1939, p.363)(HN, 6/22/98)
1807 Jun 24, A grand jury in
Richmond, Va., indicted former Vice President Aaron Burr on charges of
treason and high misdemeanor. He was later acquitted.
(AP, 6/24/07)
1807 Jun 25, Napoleon I of France
and Russian Czar Alexander I met near Tilsit, in northern Prussia, to
discuss terms for ending war between their empires.
(AP, 6/25/07)
1807 Jul 2, In the wake of the
Chesapeake incident, in which the crew of a British frigate boarded an
American ship and forcibly removed four suspected deserters, President
Thomas Jefferson ordered all British ships to vacate U.S. territorial
waters.
(AP, 7/2/07)
1807 Jul 4, Giuseppe Garibaldi
(1807-1882) Italian military leader, was born in Nice, France. He led
the movement to make Italy one nation.
(HN, 7/4/98)(IB, Internet, 12/7/98)
1807 Jul 7, Napoleon I of France
and Czar Alexander I of Russia signed a treaty at Tilsit ending war
between their empires. It divided Europe among themselves and isolated
Britain.
(HN, 7/7/98)(AP, 7/7/07)
1807 Aug 3, Former Vice President
Aaron Burr went on trial before a federal court in Richmond, Va.,
charged with treason. He was acquitted less than a month later.
(AP, 8/3/07)
1807 Aug 11, David Atchison,
legislator, was born. He was president pro tempore of the U.S. Senate,
and president of U.S. for one day [March 4, 1849], the Sunday before
Zachary Taylor was sworn in.
(MC, 8/11/02)
1807 Aug 11, The Eclipse, a Yankee
fur trading vessel, sank in the Shumagin Islands, south of the Alaska
Peninsula. It is the oldest known American shipwreck in Alaska and as
of 2007 had not been found.
(AP, 10/8/07)
1807 Aug 17, Robert Fulton’s
"North River Steam Boat" (popularly, if erroneously, known to this day
as the Clermont) began heading up New York’s Hudson River on its
successful round-trip to Albany. It was 125 feet (142-feet) long and 20
feet wide with side paddle wheels and a sheet iron boiler. He averaged
5 mph for the 300-mile round trip.
(SFC, 6/20/98, p.F4)(WSJ, 9/21/01, p.A22)(AP,
8/17/07)
1807 Aug 18, Charles Francis Adams
(d.1886), U.S. diplomat and public official whose father was John
Quincy Adams, was born.
(AHD, 1971, p.14)(HN, 8/18/98)
1807 Aug 18, Robert Stevenson
(1772-1850) began work on the 117-foot Bell Rock lighthouse at the
mouth of Scotland’s Firth of Forth based on a proposal he submitted in
1800. The lighthouse began operating on Feb 1, 1811.
(ON, 5/06, p.6)
1807 Aug 19, Robert Fulton's North
River Steamboat arrived in Albany, two days after leaving New York.
(AP, 8/19/07)
1807 Aug 21, Robert Fulton's North
River Steamboat set off from Albany on its return trip to New York,
arriving some 30 hours later.
(AP, 8/21/07)
1807 Sep 1, Former Vice President
Aaron Burr was found innocent of treason. [see 1806] Burr had been
arrested in Mississippi for complicity in a plot to establish a
Southern empire in Louisiana and Mexico. Burr was then tried on a
misdemeanor charge, but was again acquitted.
(www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/burr/burrchronology.html)(AP,
9/1/07)
1807 Sep 2, British forces began
bombarding Copenhagen for several days, until the Danes agreed to
surrender their naval fleet.
(AP, 9/2/07)
1807 Sep 4, Robert Fulton began
operating his steamboat. [see Aug 17]
(MC, 9/4/01)
1807 Sep 7, Denmark surrendered to
British forces that had bombarded the city of Copenhagen for four days.
(AP, 9/7/07)
1807 Sep 15, Former Vice President
Aaron Burr was acquitted of a misdemeanor charge two weeks after he was
found innocent of treason.
(AP, 9/15/07)
1807 Oct 17, Britain declared it
would continue to reclaim British-born sailors from American ships and
ports regardless of whether they held US citizenship.
(AP, 10/17/07)
1807 Dec 14, A number of
meteorites fell onto Weston, Connecticut.
(Econ, 12/23/06, p.122)
1807 Dec 17, John Greenleaf
Whittier, American poet, was born in Haverhill, Mass. He was an
abolitionist, reformer and founder of the Liberal Party.
(HN, 12/17/99)(AP, 12/17/07)
1807 Dec 22, Congress passed the
Embargo Act, designed to force peace between Britain and France by
cutting off all trade with Europe. It was hoped that the act would keep
the United States out the European Wars.
(AP, 12/22/97)(HN, 12/22/98)
1807 The US Congressional Cemetery
near Capital Hill was established.
(WSJ, 10/16/98, p.A1)
1807 The US Survey of the Coast
formed. It later developed into the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA).
(www.photolib.noaa.gov/)
1807 Lieutenant Zebulon Montgomery
Pike strayed beyond the limits of the territory into the Spanish-held
territory of New Mexico, and was accused of spying by Spanish
authorities. The Spaniards released Pike and his men after they could
find no evidence against him. Pike’s explorations the previous November
had taken him to the Rockies, where he reached the base of a mountain
that would later be named Pikes Peak in his honor. Pike’s mission was
to explore the southwestern limits of the Louisiana Territory, the vast
tract of land that the United States had purchased from France in 1803
in a deal known as the Louisiana Purchase.
(HNQ, 7/15/02)
1807 The Geological Society of
London was born. It was the first body of men devoted to the earth
sciences.
(DD-EVTT, p.16)
c1807 Englishmen William and John
Cockerill brought the Industrial Revolution to continental Europe
around 1807 by developing machine shops in Liege, Belgium, transforming
the country’s coal, iron and textile industries much as it had done in
Britain. From roughly 1760 to about 1830, the Industrial Revolution
largely occurred in Britain. Realizing the economic advantages, Britain
did not allow the export of any machinery, methods or skilled men that
might blunt its technological edge. Eventually, the lure of new
opportunities convinced continental entrepreneurs and British
businessmen to evade England’s official edict.
(HNQ, 5/16/01)
1807 After Britain outlawed the
slave trade people called “Recaptives,” those freed from slave ships,
were sent to join the settlers in Sierra Leone. The settlers formed a
new tribe called the Kri and created a language called Krio.
(MT, summer 2003, p.8)
1807 Zheng Yi Sao took over a
confederation of pirates in the South China Sea about this time
following the death if her husband. At its peak the confederation
numbered some 50-70 thousand mend and controlled 800 large vessels. The
group disbanded in 1810 under an offer of amnesty.
(WSJ, 11/22/08, p.W2)
1807 In France Napoleon allied
with Russia.
(WSJ, 7/10/96, p.A16)
1807 Napoleon gave Danzig (later
Gdansk) 6 years of formal independence.
(WSJ, 8/31/98, p.A4)
1807 Ignace Playel founded a piano
company in Paris, France.
(SFC, 10/30/96, z1 p.8)
1807 Saud al-Saud invaded Karbala,
Iraq, for the second time in 1807, but he could not occupy it.
(www.islamicsupremecouncil.org/CMS/Topics/Wahhabism/118121372002.htm)
1807 In Naples, Italy, Major
Leopold Hugo, the father of Victor Hugo, was promoted after a
successful campaign against the Calabrian banditti.
(WSJ, 2/10/98, p.A16)
1807 Serfdom was abolished in the
Lithuanian territories known as Suvalkija and Dzukija as far as the
Nemunas river. This area had been given to Prussia in the 1795 division
and then included into the Warsaw Principality.
(DrEE, 10/12/96, p.2)
1807-1808 Mustafa IV succeeded Selim III in the
Ottoman House of Osman.
(Ot, 1993, xvii)
1807-1809 A Jefferson imposed embargo kept American
ships at home. [see Dec 22 1807]
(SFC, 3/31/98, p.F4)
1807-1815 Britain and the Defeat of Napoleon,
1807-1915 by Rory Muir was published in 1996.
(WSJ, 7/10/96, p.A16)
1807-1859 Gamaliel Bailey, American abolitionist:
"Who never doubted, never half believed. Where doubt is, there truth
is—it is her shadow."
(AP, 1/27/98)
1807-1877 US Sen. John Petit. He once called the
Declaration of Independence a "self-evident-lie" in reference to the
freedom of blacks.
(WSJ,2/12/97, p.A16)
1807-1881 Giovanni Ruffini, Italian writer: "Curses
are like processions. They return to the place from which they came."
(AP, 1/8/00)
1808 Jan 1, A US law banning the
import of slaves came into effect, but was widely ignored.
(HN, 1/1/99)(AP, 1/1/08)
1808 Jan 13, Salmon P. Chase, US
Treasury secretary during the American Civil War and 6th Chief Justice
of the Supreme Court, was born. His picture was later put on the
$10,000 bill.
(HN, 1/13/99)
1808 Feb 11, Anthracite coal was
1st burned as fuel, experimentally, in Wilkes-Barre, Pa.
(MC, 2/11/02)
1808 Feb 16, The Peninsular War
began when Napoleon ordered a large French force into Spain under the
pretext of sending reinforcements to the French army occupying Portugal.
(MC, 6/21/02)
1808 Feb 20, Honoré Daumier
(d.1879), French painter, sculptor, caricaturist and lithographer, was
born in Marseilles. He painted Crispin and Scapin.
(AAP, 1964)(WUD, 1994, p.369)(WSJ, 3/10/00,
p.W16)(HN, 2/20/01)
1808 Mar 1, In France, Napoleon
created an imperial nobility.
(HN, 3/1/99)
1808 Mar 6, 1st college orchestra
in US was founded at Harvard.
(MC, 3/6/02)
1808 Mar 15, Gaetano Gaspari,
composer, was born.
(MC, 3/15/02)
1808 Mar 19, Spain's King Charles
IV abdicated.
(AP, 3/19/03)
1808 Mar 23, Napoleon's brother
Joseph took the throne of Spain.
(SS, 3/23/02)
1808 Mar 27, Joseph Haydn’s
oratorio "The Seasons," premiered in Vienna.
(MC, 3/27/02)
1808 Mar 31, French created the
Kingdom of Westphalia and ordered Jews to adopt family names.
(MC, 3/31/02)
1808 Apr 13, William Henry Lane
("Juda") perfected the tap dance.
(MC, 4/13/02)
1808 Apr 17, The Bayonne Decree by
Napoleon I of France ordered the seizure of U.S. ships.
(HN, 4/17/98)
1808 Apr 20, Charles Louis
Napoleon (d.1873), nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte, was born. He later
served as president (1848-1852) and as emperor of France (1852-1870).
(WUD, 1994, p.950)(WSJ, 1/13/98, p.A20)(HN, 4/20/98)
1808 Apr 30, Italian Pellegrini
Turri built the 1st practical typewriter for the blind Countess
Carolina Fantoni da Fivizono, the world's first typist.
(SFEC, 1/10/99, Z1 p.8)(SFC, 7/26/00, p.D3)(MC,
4/30/02)
1808 May 2, The citizens of Madrid
rose up against Napoleon. It culminated in a fierce battle fought out
in the Puerta del Sol, Madrid's central square. The Spanish were
defeated, and during the night the French army lead by Grand Duke
Joachim Murat slaughtered hundreds of citizens along the Prado
promenade in reprisal.
(HN, 5/2/98)(MC, 5/2/02)
1808 May 3, Spanish executions
took place and were later commemorated in Goya’s painting "Executions
of 3rd of May."
(MC, 5/3/02)
1808 May 15, Michael William
Balfe, composer ("The Bohemian Girl"), was born.
(MC, 5/15/02)
1808 May 18, Jacob Albright
[Albrecht] (49), German-US preacher, died.
(SC, 5/18/02)
1808 May 21, Eston Hemmings was
born to slave Sally Hemmings, who was owned by Thomas Jefferson.
Genetic tests in 1998 showed that DNA from Jefferson's descendants was
consistent with DNA from descendants of Hemmings. Some argued that
Randolph Jefferson, brother of Thomas, was Eston's father.
(USAT, 1/7/99, p.3A)
1808 May 30, Napoleon annexed
Tuscany and gave it seats in French Senate.
(MC, 5/30/02)
1808 Jun 1, The first US
land-grant university was founded-Ohio Univ., Athens, Ohio.
(DTnet, 6/1/97)
1808 Jun 3, Jefferson Davis -- the
first and only president of the Confederacy -- was born in Christian
County, Ky. He was imprisoned and indicted for treason, but the case
was dropped.
(AP, 6/3/97)(HN, 6/3/99)
1808 Jul 2, Simon Fraser completed
his trip down Fraser River, BC. He landed at Musqueam.
(SC, 7/2/02)
1808 Jul 9, A leather-splitting
machine was patented by Samuel Parker of Billerica, MA.
(MC, 7/9/02)
1808 Jul 20, Napoleon decreed that
all French Jews adopt family names.
(MC, 7/20/02)
1808 Jul 28, Sultan Mustapha IV of
the Ottoman Empire was deposed and his cousin Mahmud II gained the
throne and ruled to 1839.
(HN, 7/28/98)(Ot, 1993, xvii)
1808 Aug 1, Joachim Murat
(1767-1815), French marshal and Napoleon's brother in law, became king
of Naples (1808-1815) and Sicily.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joachim_Murat)
1808 Aug 21, Napoleon Bonaparte's
General Junot was defeated by Wellington at the first Battle of the
Peninsular War at Vimiero, Portugal.
(HN, 8/21/02)
1808 Sep 12, Jose Celestino Mutis
(b.1732-1808), Spanish naturalist, died in Santa Fe de Bogote
(Colombia). He spent 40 years on his unfinished work “Flora de Nueva
Granada.”
(www.famousamericans.net/josecelestinomutis/)
1808 Oct 17, The political rights
of Jews was suspended in Duchy of Warsaw.
(MC, 10/17/01)
1808 Oct 24, Ernst Friedrich
Richter, composer, was born.
(MC, 10/24/01)
1808 Nov 22, Thomas Cook, founder
(Cook travel bureau), was born.
(MC, 11/22/01)
1808 Dec 1, Anton Fischer (30),
composer, died.
(MC, 12/1/01)
1808 Dec 7, Electors chose James
Madison to be the fourth president of the United States in succession
to Thomas Jefferson.
(HN, 12/7/98)(AP, 12/7/08)
1808 Dec 21, Ludwig van
Beethoven's Symphony No. 5 in C Minor and Symphony No. 6 in F Major had
their world premieres in Vienna, Austria.
(AP, 12/22/06)
1808 Dec 29, Andrew Johnson, the
17th president of the United States who succeeded Lincoln, was born in
a 2-room shack in Raleigh, N.C. [Waxhaw, South Carolina]
(AP, 12/29/97)(SFC, 12/21/98, p.A3)(HN,
12/29/98)(HNPD, 3/15/99)
1808 Yi Eung-nok, Korean court
painter, was born.
(SFC, 3/11/03, p.D1)
1808 Charles Willson Peale painted
the only known portrait of his friend William Bartram, the naturalist.
[see Bartram 1739-1823]
(Nat. Hist., 4/96, p.10)
1808 Pierre-Paul Prud’hon
(1758-1823), French artist, painted "Justice and Divine Vengeance
Pursuing Crime."
(WSJ, 4/8/98, p.A20)
1808 Goethe completed the first
part of Faust at the insistence of his friend, the poet Friedrich
Schiller. Part two was not finished until a few months before Goethe's
death.
(V.D.-H.K.p.239)
1808 Heinrich von Kleist wrote his
novella "Michael Kohlhaas." It later inspired the screenplay for a 1999
HBO movie "The Jack Bull," written by Dick Cusack.
(WSJ, 4/15/99, p.A20)
1808 The libretto for Rossini’s
"L’Italiana in Algeri" was written by Anelli.
(WSJ, 8/12/97, p.A12)
1808 The first US newspaper west
of the Mississippi was founded in St. Louis by Joseph Charles, an Irish
refugee. He was financed by Meriwether Lewis, the local territorial
governor, who needed someone to print the local laws. In 1998 David
Dary published: "Red Blood and Black Ink: Journalism in the Old West."
(SFEC, 3/8/98, BR p.6)
1808 In the 1st test of the US
Constitution Chief Justice Marshall ruled in favor of Gideon Olmstead
and against the state of Pennsylvania to enforce a 1779 decree that
only the federal government, and not individual states, had the power
to determine the legality of captures on the high seas.
(ON, 12/01, p.9)
1808 John Dalton, chemist, argued
that for each chemical element there is a corresponding atom, and that
all else is made from a combination of those atoms.
(NG, May 1985, , p. 642)
1808 Sir Humphrey Davy showed that
electricity could produce heat or light between two electrodes
separated in space and connected by an arc.
(V.D.-H.K.p.269)
1808 The American whaling ship
Topaz found one of the bounty mutineers living on Pitcairn Island among
many women and children. The other men had all died mostly in conflict
over the Tahitian women.
(ON, 3/04, p.11)
1808 Napoleon chased Portugal’s
royal family to Brazil.
(Econ, 4/14/07, SR p.5)
1808 Napoleon codified the French
educational curriculum.
(Econ, 12/19/09, p.91)
1808 Emperor Alexander I of Russia
met with Napoleon I at Erfurt, Thuringia, Ger.
(Hem., Nov.’95, p.114)
1808-1814 The Duke of Wellington led the Peninsular
Campaign wherein the British send troops to Spain to assist the Spanish
revolt against Joseph Bonaparte.
(WSJ, 1/6/95, A-10)
1808-1821 Rio de Janeiro was made the capital of the
Portuguese empire.
(USA Today, OW, 4/22/96, p.3)
1808-1830 In 2005 William Anthony Hay authored “The
Whig Revival, 1808-1830,” a picture of the British Whigs in the early
19th century.
(WSJ, 4/6/05, p.D11)
1809 Jan 4, Louis Braille
(d.1852), inventor of a universal reading system for the blind, was
born in Coupvray, France.
(AP, 1/4/98)(HN, 1/4/99)
1809 Jan 19, Edgar Allan Poe
(d.1949), American writer, was born in Boston. His father, David Poe,
was an Irish-American actor and abandoned his family shortly after
Edgar’s birth. His mother, Elizabeth Arnold Hopkins, died in 1811 and
he grew up with a foster family. Poe studied briefly at the University
of Virginia, but then he quarreled with his foster father and went to
Boston in 1827, where he published his first volume of poetry
anonymously. In the early 1840s Poe became known for his lyrical,
brooding poems and detective stories, such as "The Gold Bug" and
"Murders at the Rue Morgue." In fact, he is recognized as the father of
the modern detective story. Poe was unafraid to criticize literary
practices of the time, stressing the importance of artistic value more
than moral value. After battles with alcoholism and his wife Virginia's
illness and death, Poe became depressed but continued to write. He
became engaged again in 1849 but soon died at the age of 40. His best
known stories include: "Fall of the House of Usher " and "The Tell-Tale
Heart." His most famous poems are "The Raven" and Annabel Lee." "I hold
that a long poem does not exist. I maintain that the phrase, 'a long
poem,' is simply a flat contradiction in terms."
(CFA, '96,Vol 179, p.38)(SFEC, 1/12/97, p.T5)(AP,
1/19/98)(HNPD, 1/19/99)(AP, 1/29/99)
1809 Jan 20, The 1st US geology
book was published by William Maclure.
(MC, 1/20/02)
1809 Feb 3, US Congress passed an
act establishing the Illinois Territory.
(AP, 2/3/97)
1809 Feb 4, Louis Braille was
born. He was blinded at age four as the result of an accident in his
father's shop. Nevertheless, he became an accomplished organist and
cellist and won a scholarship in 1819 to attend the National Institute
for Blind Youth in Paris. At age 15, Louis witnessed a demonstration
there by Charles Barbier, a soldier who had invented "night writing," a
system of letters embossed on cardboard for silent communication along
trenches. While Barbier's system was too complex to be practical,
Braille simplified and adapted it to a six-dot code representing
letters that enabled people with impaired vision to not only read but
also write for themselves. In 1827, the first Braille book was
published, but Braille himself died of tuberculosis at age 43--before
his system gained widespread acceptance.
(HNPD, 2/4/99)
1809 Feb 11, Robert Fulton
patented the steamboat.
(HN, 2/11/97)
1809 Feb 12, Charles Robert Darwin
(d.1882) was born. He proposed that evolution was the principle that
underlay the development of all species and that man, an animal, had
evolved from nonhuman ancestors. Shortly after his graduation from
Cambridge, Darwin sailed as a naturalist with the surveying ship HMS
Beagle. All life, he said, is a struggle for existence and some species
are better able to adapt to the environment and survive to pass along
their characteristics. During the five-year voyage, Darwin's
observations of wildlife led to the writing of his 1859 book "The
Origin of the Species," in which he proposed the theory of natural
selection. Besides the "Origin of the Species," he wrote three books on
geology and devoted 8 years to his monograph on barnacles. His last
book was "The Formation of Vegetable Mould Through the Action of
Worms." In 1871 Darwin wrote "Descent of Man," which demonstrated that
man and ape could have had a common ancestor. Darwin's theories were
highly controversial and unsettling to those who believed in
creationism. Many Victorians condemned Darwin as blasphemous, but many
important scientists of the day agreed with his theories. "How can
anyone not see that all observation must be for or against some view if
it is to be of any service."
(V.D.-H.K.p.281)(PacDis., Spg. 96, p.52)(NH, 2/97,
p.69)(NH, 5/97, p.11)(HNPD, 2/13/99)
1809 Feb 12, Abraham Lincoln, 16th
president of the US, was born in Hardin County (present-day Larue
County), Kentucky. His father owned two 600-acre farms [time not
given]. Lincoln was president of the United States during one of the
most turbulent times in American history. Although roundly criticized
during his own time, he is recognized as one of history's greatest
figures who preserved the Union during the Civil War and proved that
democracy could be a lasting form of government. Lincoln entered
national politics as a Whig congressman from Illinois, but he lost his
seat after one term due to his unpopular position on the Mexican War
and the extension of slavery into the territories. The 1858
Lincoln-Douglas debates for the Senate gave him a national reputation.
In 1860, Lincoln became the first president elected from the new
Republican Party. Abraham Lincoln was fatally shot by John Wilkes Booth
at Ford's Theater in Washington, D.C., on April 14, 1865. In 1996 a new
biography of Abraham Lincoln by David Donald was published.
(HN, 2/12/98)(AP, 2/12/98)(AHD, 1971, p.759)(WSJ,
2/10/95, p.A-8)(SFC, 9/1/96, Par. p.12)(HNPD, 2/12/99)(SFC, 4/30/99,
p.E9)
1809 Feb 15, Cyrus Hall McCormick
(d.1884), inventor of the mechanical reaper, was born.
(MC, 2/15/02)(WUD, 1994 p.887)
1809 Feb 20, The Supreme Court
ruled that the power of the federal government is greater than that of
any individual state.
(AP, 2/20/98)
1809 Mar 1, Embargo Act of 1807
was repealed and the Non-Intercourse Act signed.
(SC, 3/1/02)
1809 Mar 4, Madison became 1st
President inaugurated in American-made clothes.
(SC, 3/4/02)
1809 Mar 12, Great Britain signed
a treaty with Persia forcing the French out of the country.
(HN, 3/12/99)
1809 Mar 15, Joseph Jenkins
Roberts, first president of Liberia, was born.
(HN, 3/15/98)
1809 Mar 27, Georges-Eugene
Haussmann (d.1891), French town planner, was born. He designed
modern-day Paris.
(HN,
3/27/01)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baron_Haussmann)
1809 Mar 31, Edward Fitzgerald,
American writer, was born. He is famous for writing "Rubaiyat of Omar
Khayyam."
(HN, 3/31/99)
1809 Mar 31, Nikolai V. Gogol
(d.1852), Ukrainian-born Russian writer, was born (NS) in Sorochyntsi,
Poltava Governorate (later Ukraine). Some sources give April 1 as his
birthday. His work included the play “The Inspector General” (1836) and
the novels “Taras Bulba” (1835) and “Dead Souls” (1842).
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_Gogol)(WSJ,
4/14/09, p.D7)
1809 Mar 31, Otto Jonas Lindblad,
composer, was born.
(MC, 3/31/02)
1809 Apr 10, Austria declared war
on France and her forces entered Bavaria.
(HN, 4/10/99)
1809 Apr 20, Napoleon defeated
Austria at Battle of Abensberg, Bavaria.
(HN, 4/20/98)
1809 Apr 22, At the Battle at
Eckmahl Napoleon beat Austrian archduke Karl.
(MC, 4/22/02)
1809 Apr 23, Eugene-Prosper
Prevost, composer, was born.
(MC, 4/23/02)
1809 May 5, Mary Kies was 1st
woman issued a US patent (weaving straw).
(MC, 5/5/02)
1809 May 5, Citizenship was denied
to Jews of Canton of Aargau, Switzerland.
(MC, 5/5/02)
1809 May 17, The Papal States were
annexed by France. Pope Pius VII responded by excommunicating Napoleon.
(MC, 5/17/02)(PTA, 1980, p.502)
1809 May 24, Dartmoor Prison
opened to house French prisoners of war.
(MC, 5/24/02)
1809 May 31, Composer Franz Joseph
Haydn died in Vienna, Austria on his 77th birthday. When Napoleon’s
armies marched into Vienna, the commanding general posted guards in
front of Haydn’s house to protect Haydn from trouble, and a young
officer was sent to sing for the old man.
(AP, 5/31/97)(WSJ, 1/8/98, p.A7)
1809 Jun 3, John "Christmas"
Beckwith (58), composer, died.
(MC, 6/3/02)
1809 Jun 6, Sweden declared
independence and a constitutional monarchy was established.
(MC, 6/6/02)
1809 Jun 8, Thomas Paine (b.1737),
British born political essayist, died in poverty and obscurity in NYC
at age 72. His revolutionary essays included “Common Sense” (1776) and
"The Rights of Man" (1991) and "The Age of Reason." His body was
exhumed in 1819 by William Cobbett, shipped to England, and kept in an
attic trunk till Cobbett died in 1835. Parts of his skeleton were later
said to be sold at auction. In 2006 Craig Nelson authored “Thomas
Paine” and Harvey J. Kaye authored “Thomas Paine and the Promise of
America.”
(HN, 1/29/99)(HNQ, 9/21/99)(SSFC, 4/1/01, p.A7)(WSJ,
9/22/06, p.W4)
1809 Jul 3, Joseph Quesne (62),
composer, died.
(MC, 7/3/02)
1809 Jul 5, Pope Pius VII was
taken prisoner to France and held there until 1814.
(PC, 1992 ed, p.371)
1809 Jul 5-1809 Jul 6, Napoleon
beat Austria’s archduke Charles at the Battle of Wagram. He annexed the
Illyrian Provinces (now part of Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Serbia, and Montenegro), and abolished the Papal States.
(http://tinyurl.com/vx8dk)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Wagram)
1809 Jul 16, A well-prepared
revolutionary insurrection burst out in La Paz, Bolivia.
(http://flagspot.net/flags/bo-l.html)
1809 Jul 27, In Bolivia a
proclamation of independence of the La Paz colony, said to have been
written by Priest Medina and the first proclamation of that kind, was
released and sent to the other main cities of the colony, hoping they
would support the uprising.
(http://flagspot.net/flags/bo-l.html)
1809 Jul 27-1809 Jul 28, Arthur
Wellesley led the British army to triumph against the Spanish King
Joseph Bonaparte at Talavera de la Reina against a French army twice
his size. For this he was made Lord (the Duke of) Wellington.
(WSJ, 6/6/96, p.A15)(PC, 1992 ed, p.371)
1809 Aug 4, Hapsburg Emp. Francis
I appointed Count Clemens von Metternich (36) minister of state.
(PC, 1992 ed, p.371)
1809 Aug 6, Alfred Lord Tennyson
(d.1892), English poet laureate (1850), was born. His work included:
"The Charge of the Light Brigade." "Knowledge comes, but wisdom
lingers."
(HN, 8/6/98)(AP, 10/6/00)
1809 Aug 10, Ecuador struck its
first blow for independence from Spain.
(AP, 8/10/97)
1809 Aug 29, Oliver Wendell
Holmes, Sr., poet, essayist and father of Supreme Court Justice Oliver
Wendell Holmes, Jr., was born.
(HN, 8/29/98)
1809 Sep 27, Raphael Semmes
(d.1877), Rear Admiral (Confederate Navy), was born.
(MC, 9/27/01)
1809 Sep, The Old Price Riots
broke out in England when Covent Garden manager John Philip Kemble
raised ticket prices. The riots continued to December.
(SFC, 12/31/08, p.E2)
1809 Oct 8, Hapsburg Emp. Francis
I appointed Count Clemens von Metternich (36) foreign minister of
Austria.
(PC, 1992 ed, p.371)(ON, 5/04, p.1)
1809 Oct 11, Meriwether Lewis
committed suicide at 35. [see Oct 12]
(MC, 10/11/01)
1809 Oct 12, Meriwether Lewis, of
the Lewis and Clark expedition, died under mysterious circumstances in
St. Louis. [see Oct 11]
(HN, 10/12/98)
1809 Oct 14, The Treaty of
Schönbrunn ended hostilities between France and Austria.
(PC, 1992 ed, p.371)
1809 Oct 22, Federico Ricci,
composer, was born.
(MC, 10/22/01)
1809 Oct 27, President James
Madison ordered the annexation of the western part of West Florida.
Settlers there had rebelled against Spanish authority.
(HN, 10/27/98)
1809 Nov 13, John A.B. Dahlgren,
US Union Lt Adm and inventor (Civil war Dahlgren cannon), was born.
(MC, 11/13/01)
1809 Nov 22, Peregrine Williamson
of Baltimore patented a steel pen.
(MC, 11/22/01)
1809 Nov 27, Frances Anne "Fanny"
Kemble (d.1893), Shakespearian actress, writer and anti-slavery
activist, was born in London, England. Her work included "Journal
of a Residence on a Georgia Plantation. She died in London.
(WSJ, 9/21/00,
p.A24)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanny_Kemble)
1809 Dec 9, William Barret Travis,
Commander of the Texas troops at the battle of the Alamo, was born.
(HN, 12/9/98)
1809 Dec 16, Napoleon Bonaparte
was divorced from the Empress Josephine by an act of the French Senate.
Metternich had convinced Francis I of Austria to offer his daughter
Marie Louise as a bride to Napoleon.
(AP, 12/16/97)(ON, 5/04, p.2)
1809 Dec 24, Kit Carson, one of
the most famous mountain men and scouts in the West, was born in
Kentucky.
(HN, 12/24/98)(MC, 12/24/01)
1809 Dec 29, William
Gladstone (1809-1898), British statesman and four times Prime Minister
from 1868-1894, was born. He was called the Grand Old Man of Victorian
England. He began as a devout Tory but moved over to the liberal camp.
A biography by Roy Jenkins, "Gladstone," was published in 1995.
(CFA, '96, p.60)(AHD, p.559)(WSJ, 1/14/03, p.D6)
1809 Dec 30, Wearing masks at
balls was forbidden in Boston.
(MC, 12/30/01)
1809 Dec, In Danville, Kentucky,
Dr. Ephraim McDowell (1771-1830) performed a successfully surgery on
Jane Crawford (45) in which he removed an ovary and a large tumor with
no anesthesia. Crawford lived to age 78 and was the world’s first known
survivor of an elective exploration of the abdomen and removal of an
ovary. The story was later told by David Dary in “Frontier Medicine:
From the Atlantic to the Pacific 1492-1941” (2008).
(ON, 12/99, p.11)(WSJ, 11/28/08, p.A13)
1809 William Cave created his
painting "The Trusty Servant," a uniformed pig with a padlocked mouth.
(WSJ, 11/26/03, p.D10)
1809 Lamarck wrote his classic
"Philosophie zoologique." In 1997 this edition was valued at
$3,500-$5,000.
(NH, 5/96, p.22)(HT, 3/97, p.74)
1809 Boston’s Exchange Coffee
House, which also contained a hotel and offices, opened and was said to
be the largest building in the country. It burned down in 1818.
(Econ, 11/24/07,
p.91)(www.nmrls.org/news/nov07/mhl.shtml)
1809 Elizabeth Bayley Seton
founded the Roman Catholic Sisters of Charity. She was later made a
Catholic saint.
(SFC, 3/30/97, Z1. p.6)(SFEC, 9/14/97, p.A18)
1809 Thomas Leiper laid the first
railroad track in the US at Crum Creek, Pa. They were wooden.
(SFC, 8/17/96, p.E5)
1809 Connecticut Sen. James
Hillhouse proposed a constitutional amendment under which the president
would be elected by lot from among the senators.
(WSJ, 1/28/03, p.D6)
1809 Meriwether Lewis died of
gunshot wounds near present-day Hohenwald, Tenn. It was uncertain
whether he was killed or committed suicide.
(SFC,12/17/97, p.A7)
1809 Bourne’s Pottery in Denby,
Derbyshire, England, dates to this time. In 1850 it began using the J.
Bourne & Son mark.
(SFC, 4/12/06, p.G4)
1809 Nicholas Appert won a French
prize of 12,000 francs for his method of keeping food in glass bottles.
Napoleon had offered the prize with military needs in mind.
(SFC, 9/19/07, p.G6)
1809 Lord Byron (1788-1824)
traveled to Spain, Albania and Greece with John Cam Hobhouse and soon
met with Ali Pasha.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Byron)
1809 King Kamehameha conquered and
unified all the Hawaiian islands.
(SSFC, 8/26/01, p.T9)(SSFC, 8/25/02, p.C5)
1809 Sibbet House at 26
Northumberland St. was constructed in a Georgian design in Edinburgh,
Scotland.
(SFC, 7/7/96, T8)
1809 Russia took the Aland island
group from the Swedes and held it until the Russian Revolution.
(WSJ, 12/5/97, p.A1)
1809-1817 James Madison served as President of the US.
(A&IP, ESM, p.96b)
1809-1826 Civilians and soldiers who returned home
from Napoleon’s expedition to Egypt (1798-1801) published during this
period in serial form “Description de l’Egypte” (The Description of
Egypt), the most comprehensive view of Egypt to date.
(SFC, 12/14/07, p.E3)(WSJ, 11/17/08, p.A17)
1809-1891 Alexander William Kinglake, English
historian.
(WUD, 1994, p.788)
1809-1894 Tryon Edwards, American clergyman: "One of
the great lessons the fall of the leaf teaches, is this: Do your work
well and then be ready to depart when God shall call."
(AP, 9/22/97)
1809-1894 Oliver Wendell Holmes, American author: "A
man may fulfill the object of his existence by asking a question he
cannot answer, and attempting a task he cannot achieve."
(AP, 8/10/98)
1809-1917 Finland was an autonomous grand duchy under
the Czar of Russia.
(WSJ, 12/17/98, p.A1)
1810 Jan 10, French church
annulled the marriage of Napoleon I & Josephine.
(MC, 1/10/02)
1810 Feb 20, Andreas Hofer (42),
military leader (fought Napoleon's France), was executed.
(MC, 2/20/02)
1810 Feb 28, The 1st US fire
insurance joint-stock company was organized in Philadelphia.
(MC, 2/28/02)
1810 Mar 1, Frederic Chopin
(d.1849), Polish composer and pianist, was born. He studied in Poland
but spent most of his adult life in Paris. He met George Sand in Paris
in 1838 and they were together until 1847. His works include the Waltz
#2 in C# Minor (1835).
(BAAC PN, Chambers, 1/8/96)(HN, 3/1/98)
1810 Mar 2, Leo XIII (Vincenzo G
Pecci), 256th Catholic Pope (1878-1903), was born.
(HN, 3/2/99)(SC, 3/2/02)
1810 Mar 6, Illinois passed the
1st state vaccination legislation in US.
(MC, 3/6/02)
1810 Mar 10, John McCloskey,
president of St. Johns College, was born.
(HN, 3/10/98)
1810 Mar 11, Emperor Napoleon of
France was married by proxy to Archduchess Marie Louise of Austria.
(AP, 3/11/98)(HN, 3/11/98)
1810 Apr 17, Lewis Norton of Troy,
PA., introduced his pineapple cheese.
(440 Int'l, 4/17/03)
1810 May 3, Lord Byron swam the
Hellespont.
(MC, 5/3/02)
1810 May 9, Louis Gallait,
historical painter, was born.
(MC, 5/9/02)
1810 May 21, Charles Chevalier
d'Eon de Beaumont (81), French spy, cross dresser, died.
(MC, 5/21/02)
1810 May 23, Margaret Fuller
(d.1850), American social reformer, writer and critic, was born. She
was the first female journalist for the New York Tribune. "Man is not
made for society, but society is made for man. No institution can be
good which does not tend to improve the individual."
(AP, 7/12/97)(HN, 5/23/99)
1810 May 25, Argentina declared
independence and began its revolt from Napoleonic Spain.
(AP, 5/25/97)(HN, 5/25/98)
1810 May 29, Erasmus Darwin Keyes
(d.1895), Major General (Union volunteers), was born.
(SC, 5/29/02)
1810 May 29, Solomon Meredith
(d,1875), Bvt Major General (Union volunteers), was born.
(SC, 5/29/02)
1810 Jun 8, Robert Schumann
(d.1856), German composer, was born in Zwickau, Germany.
(BLW, Geiringer, 1963 ed. p.49)(HN, 6/8/01)
1810 Jun 9, Carl Otto Ehrenfried
Nicolai, composer (Merry Wives of Windsor), was born.
(MC, 6/9/02)
1810 Jun 23, John Jacob Astor
(1763-1848) organized the Pacific Fur Co. in Astoria, Oregon.
(MC, 6/23/02)
1810 Jul 5, P.T. Barnum (d.1891),
American showman who formed the Barnum and Bailey Circus, was born.
Years before founding the famous circus that bears his name, Barnum was
recognized as the greatest showman and museum-owner of his time.
Barnum’s goal was to attract attention, and it never bothered him if
the wonders he exhibited in his New York American Museum were genuine
or fake. Barnum opened the American Museum on Broadway in 1842, luring
in customers by installing festive flags and New York’s first revolving
spotlight on the roof of the building, both visible in this
contemporary engraving. Abandoning the high-minded tone of most other
museums, Barnum attracted huge audiences with marvels like the Feejee
Mermaid, a grotesque composite of the top half of a monkey and the
bottom half of a fish, and General Tom Thumb, a 25-inch-tall dwarf.
(HN, 7/5/98)(HNPD, 3/18/99)
1810 Jul 20, Colombia declared
independence from Spain.
(AP, 7/20/97)
1810 Aug 10, Camillo di Cavour,
helped bring about the unification of Italy under the House of Saxony.
(HN, 8/10/99)
1810 Aug 14, Samuel Sebastian
Wesley (d.1876), English composer, was born in London.
(MC, 8/14/02)
1810 Aug 21, Sweden’s Riksdag
elected Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte, Marshal of France under Napoleon, as
heir apparent to the Swedish throne.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernadotte)(Econ,
10/14/06, p.73)
1810 Aug 24, Theodore Parker,
anti-slavery movement leader, was born.
(HN, 8/24/98)
1810 Aug 29, Juan Bautista Alberdi
(d,1884), Argentine politician, writer, was born.
(www.taringa.net/posts/21963/Juan-B.-Alberdi---El-Gran-Pensador.html)
1810 Sep 4, Donald McKay, US naval
architect, built fastest clipper ships, was born.
(MC, 9/4/01)
1810 Sep 16, In Mexico Father
Miguel Hidalgo-Costilla delivered the cry for freedom in front of a
small crowd of his parishioners (The Grito de Dolores). This action
stemmed from meetings of the literary and social club of Queretaro (now
a central state of Mexico), which included the priest, the mayor of the
town, and a local military captain named Ignacio Allende. They believed
that New Spain should be governed by the Creoles (criollos) rather than
the Gachupines (peninsulares). Rev. Hidalgo was joined by Rev. Jose
Maria Morelos. Both priests were later executed by firing squads. When
Mexico revolted the Spanish settlements began to fall apart. Under
Mexican rule the missions were secularized and the huge land holdings
were broken up.
(SFC, 5/19/96,City Guide, p.16)(SCal, Sept.
1995)(WSJ, 8/13/97, p.A12)(AP, 9/16/97)
1810 Sep 18, Chile declared its
independence from Spain (National Day). Bernardo O’Higgins helped lead
Chile to independence.
(AP, 9/18/97)(SFEC, 10/27/96, p.T9)
1810 Oct 4, Alexander Walewski,
French earl, foreign minister, son of Napoleon I, was born.
(MC, 10/4/01)
1810 Oct 8, James Wilson Marshall,
discoverer of gold in California, was born.
(HN, 10/8/99)
1810 Oct 19, Cassius Marcellus
Clay (d.1903), Major General (Union volunteers), was born.
(MC, 10/19/01)
1810 Oct 27, US annexes West
Florida from Spain.
(MC, 10/27/01)
1810 Nov 2, Andrew Atkinson
Humphreys (d.1883), Mjr. Gen. (Union volunteers), was born.
(MC, 11/2/01)
1810 Nov 18, Asa Gray (d.1888),
American botanist, was born. He wrote "Gray's Manual."
(HN, 11/18/00)
1810 Nov 30, Oliver Fisher
Winchester, rifle maker, was born.
(MC, 11/30/01)
1810 Dec 7, Theodor Schwann,
German physiologist, was born.
(HN, 12/7/00)
1810 Dec 22, British frigate
Minotaur sank killing 480.
(MC, 12/22/01)
1810 The Maryland legislature
authorizes a lottery for the erection of a memorial to George
Washington, a 188 foot Doric column in Baltimore’s Mt Vernon Place.
(NG, Sept. 1939, J. Maloney p.390)
1810 Ephraim Basher (b.1744), NYC
silversmith, died. He marked his pieces “EB” inside a square or an oval.
(SFC, 1/30/08, p.G4)
1810 Salzburg, Austria was annexed
by Bavaria during the Napoleonic Wars and the Univ. of Salzburg was
suspended.
(StuAus, April ‘95, p.87)
1810 In Bristol, England, the
Commercial Rooms were constructed under architect C.A. Busby.
(SFEC, 7/13/97, p.T3)
1810 The British Bullion Committee
pronounced that it was folly to let governments print as much money as
they wanted and not expect inflation.
(WSJ, 11/9/00, p.A24)
1810 Peter Durand, a British
merchant, was granted a patent by King George III for his idea of
preserving food in "vessels of glass, pottery, tin (tin can), or other
metals or fit materials."
(www.cancentral.com/history.htm)
1810 Sake Dean Mahomed founded the
Hindoostane Coffee House, London's first known curry establishment.
Born in Patna, India in 1759, Mahomed was also the first known Indian
to write a book in English. Published in 1786, it describes his
adventures as a soldier with the East India Company's army, his journey
to Europe, his marriage to an Irish woman and their move to London.
(AP, 9/29/05)
1810 The British wrestled
Mauritius from France. Indians were brought in as indentured laborers
and later waves of Chinese immigrants arrived.
(SFC, 6/24/96, p.A8)
1810 A typhoon devastated the
Caroline Islands, 500 miles south of the Marianas. The survivors sailed
to Guam but only half survived. Spanish authorities sent the
Carolinians to Saipan and Tinian to manage the Spanish cattle herds.
(SFEC, 3/7/99,Z1 p.4)
1810 A German folk tale appeared
in “Gespensterbuch” (The Book of Ghosts), which formed the basis for
the 1821 opera “Der Freishutz” (The Free-Shooter) by Carl Maria von
Weber. In 1991 American writer William Burroughs wrote “The Black
Rider,” an English version of the story with music by Tom Waits.
(SFC, 8/31/04, p.E7)
1810 In Germany Friedrich Wilhelm
III began the construction of Museum Island in Berlin.
(WSJ, 2/1/96, p.A-16)
1810 In Germany in honor of the
wedding of the Bavarian crown prince Ludwig, a horse race took place at
the Theresienwiese (the Theresien meadow): the first Oktoberfest.
(http://spatenusa.com/timeline.html)
1810 In Germany construction of
the first brew kettle at the Hallerbräustadel, the "factory," as
it is called in the books, that Gabriel Sedlmayr leased in 1808 at the
west end of the Neuhauserstraße. The kettle is only used to
refine vinegar. Today at this site stands the Hertie department store.
(http://spatenusa.com/timeline.html)
1810 Wilhelm von Humboldt founded
Humboldt University in Berlin to give students a broad humanist
education.
(WSJ, 2/26/00, p.A8)
1810 Juan Jose de los Reyes
Martinez, miner and revolutionary hero (El Pipila), joined some 20,000
rebels who stormed Guanajuato, Mexico, and cornered Spanish colonists
inside a granary. Martinez set fire to the granary and died in the
flames.
(SSFC, 5/4/03, p.D6)
1810 Saartjie Baartman (~21) left
South Africa with 2 white men who promised to make her rich. [see 1816]
(SFC, 5/4/02, p.A8)
1810 In Spain General Count Hugo,
the father of Victor Hugo, governed Central Spain during the Peninsula
War. He exterminated guerrillas and nailed up their severed heads.
(WSJ, 2/10/98, p.A16)
1810-1811 The Duke of Wellington has the Lines of
Torres Vedras heavily fortified and blocks all French movement forcing
them to slow starvation during this winter. The resulting French
retreat is considered the turning point of the Peninsular Campaign.
(WSJ, 1/6/95, A-10)
1810-1813 Boston-based whalers slaughtered an
estimated 150,000 fur seals on the Farallon Islands, 28 miles west of
San Francisco. Russian hunters followed and occupied the islands for
the next 25 years during which they wiped out the remaining fur seals.
Fur seals began to return around 1977, but their first pup wasn’t born
until 1996.
(Bay, 4/07, p.33)
1810-1832 The 54-mile Göta Canal was built to
connect Sweden's east and west coasts to circumvent Danish shipping
controls between the Baltic and North Seas. The project was conceived
and led by Count Baltzar von Platen (d.1830).
(SSFC, 4/18/04, p.D12)
1810-1857 Alfred de Musset, French author: "How
glorious it is -- and also how painful -- to be an exception."
(AP, 5/6/00)
1810-1860 Theodore Parker, American religious
leader: "Religion without joy—it is no religion."
(AP, 10/26/97)
1810-1862 The Regency Period in English architecture.
Oriental curves and cupolas influenced English architecture.
(SFC, 9/30/98, Z1 p.3)
1810-1891 PT Barnum (Phineas Taylor Barnum), US
showman and founder of "The Greatest Show On Earth." He established his
circus in 1871. He served in the Connecticut State House of
Representatives for 2 terms, was mayor of Bridgeport, and was the first
president of Bridgeport Hospital. "More persons, on the whole, are
humbugged by believing nothing, than by believing too much."
(WUD, 1994, p.121)(WSJ, 1/7/97, p.A19)(AP, 6/28/98)
1810-1893 Ferenc Erkel, Hungarian composer, founder
of the Nationalist school. His works include The Festive Overture.
(WSJ, 8/24/95, p.A-14)
Go to 1811-1820