Timeline 1922 - 1923
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1922 Jan 2,
Renata Tebaldi, lyric soprano, was born, Pesaro Italy.
(MC, 1/2/02)
1922 Jan 3, Bill Travers producer,
director, actor: Born Free, was born.
(440 Int'l. 1/3/99)
1922 Jan 5, Sir Ernest Shackleton
(47) died at sea enroute from South Georgia Island to Antarctica. He
was buried on South Georgia Island. In 1924Hugh Robert Mill authored
"The Life of Sir Ernest Shackleton."
(ON, 5/00, p.10)
1922 Jan 11, Insulin, then called
isletin, was 1st used to treat diabetes on Leonard Thompson (14) of
Canada. [see Jan 23]
(www.insulinfreetimes.org/00_spring/giants.htm)
1922 Jan 17, Betty White, actress
(Mary Tyler Moore Show, Golden Girls), was born.
(MC, 1/17/02)
1922 Jan 17, Luis Echeverria
Alvarez, president Mexico, was born.
(MC, 1/17/02)
1922 Jan 22, Jean-Pierre Rampal
(d.5/20/2000), flautist, was born in Marseilles France.
(Internet)
1922 Jan 22, James Bryce (b.1838),
1st Viscount Bryce, British jurist, historian and politician, died. He
had served as ambassador to the United States from 1907 to 1913. His
books included “The American Commonwealth,” a classic study of the US
Constitution.
(www.britannica.com/eb/article-9017827/James-Bryce-Viscount-Bryce)
1922 Jan 22, Pope Benedict XV
died; he was succeeded by Pius XI.
(AP, 1/22/98)
1922 Jan 23, The first successful
test on a human patient with diabetes occurred when a 2nd dose of
insulin was administered to dangerously ill Leonard Thompson (14).
Following the birth of an idea and nine months of experimentation, and
through the combined efforts of four men at the University of Toronto,
Canada, insulin for the treatment of diabetes was first discovered and
later purified for human use. Rural Canadian physician Dr. F.G. Banting
first conceived the idea of extracting insulin from the pancreas in
1920. He and his assistant C.H. Best prepared pancreatic extracts to
prolong the lives of diabetic dogs with advice and laboratory aid from
Professor J.J.R. Macleod. The crude insulin extract was purified for
human testing by Dr. J.B. Collip. Insulin, now made from cattle
pancreases, lifted the death sentence for diabetes sufferers around the
world.
(HNPD,
1/23/99)(www.insulinfreetimes.org/00_spring/giants.htm)
1922 Jan 24, Christian K. Nelson
of Onawa, Iowa, patented the Eskimo Pie. The product reportedly saved
Iowa's dairy business during the Great Depression.
(AP, 1/24/98)(SFEC, 4/11/99, Z1 p.8)
1922 Jan 28, The American Pro
Football Association was renamed "National Football League."
(MC, 1/28/02)
1922 Jan 30, Dick Martin, actor,
comedian (Laugh-In), was born in Detroit, Mich.
(MC, 1/30/02)
1922 Feb 1, William Desmond
Taylor, president of the Motion Picture Director’s Guild, was
discovered murdered in his Hollywood bungalow. Taylor was discovered to
actually be William Deane-Tanner, an Irishman who had abandoned his
family and reinvented himself in the film industry.
(AH, 2/05, p.47)
1922 Feb 2, James Joyce's novel
"Ulysses" was published in Paris with 1,000 copies.
(SFC, 10/15/99, p.C12)(MC, 2/2/02)
1922 Feb 5, The Reader's Digest
began publication in Pleasantville, New York. In 1939 it moved to
Chappaqua, NY. In 2005 it published its 1,000th issue.
(HN, 2/5/01)(SFC, 7/19/05, p.D6)
1922 Feb 5, William Larned's
steel-framed tennis racquet got its first test.
(HN, 2/5/99)
1922 Feb 6, The Washington
Disarmament Conference came to an end with signature of final treaty
forbidding fortification of the Aleutian Islands for 14 years. The US,
UK, France, Italy & Japan signed the Washington naval arms
limitation.
(HN, 2/6/99)(MC, 2/6/02)
1922 Feb 7, John Willard's "Cat
& the Canary," premiered in NYC.
(MC, 2/7/02)
1922 Feb 8, President Harding had
a radio installed in the White House.
(AP, 2/8/99)
1922 Feb 9, The U.S. Congress
established the World War Foreign Debt Commission.
(HN, 2/9/97)
1922 Feb 10, Harold Hughes,
Governor of New Jersey, was born.
(HN, 2/10/97)
1922 Feb 11, "April Showers" by Al
Jolson hit #1.
(MC, 2/11/02)
1922 Feb 11, US "intervention
army" left Honduras.
(MC, 2/11/02)
1922 Feb 15, Marconi began regular
broadcasting transmissions from Essex.
(MC, 2/15/02)
1922 Feb 16, Geraint Evans, Welsh
opera baritone (Knaben Wunderhorn, Falstaff), was born.
(MC, 2/16/02)
1922 Feb 16, The Univ. of Vytautas
the Great re-opened in Kaunas. It was Lithuania’s main university until
1930.
(DrEE, 11/23/96, p.4)(LHC, 2/16/03)
1922 Feb 18, Pres. Harding signed
the Capper-Volstead Act. It exempted farmers from federal antitrust
laws permitting them to share prices and orchestrate supply.
(WSJ, 9/26/06,
p.B1)(www.uwcc.wisc.edu/info/capper.html)
1922 Feb 20, Vilnius, Lithuania,
agreed to separate from Poland.
(MC, 2/20/02)
1922 Feb 21, Murray "the K"
Kaufman, NYC DJ (5th Beatle), was born.
(MC, 2/21/02)
1922 Feb 21, Airship Rome exploded
at Hampton Roads, Virginia, and 34 died.
(MC, 2/21/02)
1922 Feb 21, Great Britain granted
Egypt independence.
(MC, 2/21/02)
1922 Feb 27, G.B. Shaw's "Back to
Methuselah I/II" premiered in NYC.
(MC, 2/27/02)
1922 Feb 27, Commerce Sec. Herbert
Hoover convened the 1st National Radio Conference.
(MC, 2/27/02)
1922 Feb 27, The Supreme Court
unanimously upheld the 19th Amendment to the Constitution that
guaranteed the right of women to vote.
(AP, 2/27/98)
1922 Feb 28, Britain declared
Egypt a sovereign state, but British troops remained.
(HN, 2/28/98)(MC, 2/28/02)
1922 Feb, Ernest Hemingway met
poet Ezra Pound in a Paris bookstore. Pound was one of the founders of
a school of poetry called Imagism.
(ON, 7/05, p.9)
1922 Mar 1, Yitzhak Rabin, premier
(Israel, 1992-95, Nobel 1994), was born.
(SC, 3/1/02)
1922 Mar 3, WWJ-AM in Detroit, MI,
began radio transmissions.
(SC, 3/3/02)
1922 Mar 3, Italian fascists
occupied Fiume and Rijeka.
(SC, 3/3/02)
1922 Mar 4, Bert Williams
(b.1874), Antigua-born black actor, mime and singer, died after
collapsing onstage in Detroit. In 2005 Caryl Phillips authored “Dancing
in the Dark,” a novel based on Bert Williams. His recordings included
“Nobody.”
(www.duboislc.org/ShadesOfBlack/BertWms.html)(SFC,
2/11/08, p.E1)
1922 Mar 5, Pier Paolo Pasolini,
director (Teorema, Pigsty), was born in Bologna, Italy.
(MC, 3/5/02)
1922 Mar 5, "Nosferatu" premiered
in Berlin.
(MC, 3/5/02)
1922 Mar 6, G.B. Shaw's "Back to
Methusaleh III/IV," premiered in NYC.
(MC, 3/6/02)
1922 Mar 9, Eugene O'Neill's
"Hairy Ape," premiered in NYC.
(MC, 3/9/02)
1922 Mar 12, Jack Kerouac,
American novelist, was born. He wrote "On the Road."
(HN, 3/12/99)
1922 Mar 13, George Bernard Shaw’s
"Back to Methusaleh V," premiered in NYC.
(MC, 3/13/02)
1922 Mar 15, France was willing to
accept raw material instead of currency for German reparations.
(HN, 3/15/98)
1922 Mar 16, Sultan Fuad I was
crowned king of Egypt. England recognized Egypt.
(MC, 3/16/02)
1922 Mar 18, Mohandas K. Gandhi
was sentenced in India to six years' imprisonment for civil
disobedience. He was released after serving two years. [see Mar 22]
(AP, 3/18/97)
1922 Mar 20, Raymond Walter
Goulding, Radio comedian of Bob and Ray fame, was born.
(HN, 3/20/01)
1922 Mar 20, Carl Reiner, comedian
(2000 Year Old Man, Dick Van Dyke Show), was born in the Bronx.
(MC, 3/20/02)
1922 Mar 20, President Harding
ordered U.S. troops back from the Rhineland.
(HN, 3/20/98)
1922 Mar 20, The 11,500-ton
Langley was commissioned into the U.S. Navy as America’s first aircraft
carrier. Langley was not regarded as a beautiful ship. Her flight deck
was 533 feet long and 64 feet wide with an open-sided hanger deck,
inspiring the nickname "the Old Covered Wagon." Under the leadership of
Commander Kenneth Whiting, Langley served as a base for reconnaissance
aircraft and a laboratory to develop new procedures for launching and
recovering planes, such as the use of cross-deck arresting wires to
brake incoming aircraft.
(HN, 3/20/99)
1922 Mar 22, A British court
sentenced Mahatma Gandhi to 6 years in prison. [see Mar 18]
(MC, 3/22/02)
1922 Mar 23, 1st airplane landed
at the US Capitol in Washington DC.
(SS, 3/23/02)
1922 Mar 28, The 1st microfilm
device was introduced.
(MC, 3/28/02)
1922 Mar 29, The Lithuanian
government announced a land reform act enacted Feb 15.
(LC, 1998, p.12)(LHC, 3/29/03)
1922 Mar 31, Richard Kiley, actor
(Man of La Mancha, Endless Love), was born in Chicago.
(MC, 3/31/02)
1922 Apr 1, William Manchester,
historian (Death of a President), was born in Attleboro, Mass.
(MC, 4/1/02)
1922 Apr 1, Karl I (b.1887),
leader of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, died. Also known in the West as
Charles I, he took the throne in 1916 and worked for peace, abdicating
at the end of World War I, a few years before his death. In 2004 he was
beatified by Pope John Paul VI.
(AP, 10/3/04)(www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/KarlI/)
1922 Apr 3, Stalin was appointed
General Secretary of Communist Party.
(MC, 4/3/02)
1922 Apr 4, Elmer Bernstein, movie
music composer (Robot Monster), was born in NYC.
(MC, 4/4/02)
1922 Apr 6, Barry Levinson,
director (Rain Man), was born.
(MC, 4/6/02)
1922 Apr 7, U.S. Secretary
of Interior leased Naval Reserve #3, "Teapot Dome," in Wyoming to
Harry F. Sinclair.
(HN, 4/7/97)(MC, 4/7/02)
1922 Apr 12, A San Francisco jury
acquitted actor Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle in his 3rd murder trial
following 2 hung juries.
(SFEC, 12/26/99, p.W7)(AH, 2/05, p.47)
1922 Apr 13, John Gerard Braine,
British novelist (Room at the Top), was born.
(HN, 4/13/01)
1922 Apr 14, Irish Republic rebels
occupied 4 government courts in Dublin.
(MC, 4/14/02)
1922 Apr 15, Neville Mariner,
conductor, was born.
(HN, 4/15/01)
1922 Apr 15, Harold Washington,
first black mayor of Chicago (1983-1987), was born.
(HN, 4/15/98)
1922 Apr 15, Wyoming Democratic
Senator John Kendrick introduced a resolution that set in motion one of
the most significant investigations in Senate history. On the previous
day, the Wall Street Journal had reported an unprecedented secret
arrangement in which the Secretary of the Interior, without competitive
bidding, had leased the U.S. naval petroleum reserve at Wyoming's
Teapot Dome to a private oil company. Wisconsin Republican Senator
Robert La Follette arranged for the Senate Committee on Public Lands to
investigate the matter. His suspicions deepened after someone ransacked
his Russell Building office.
(http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/minute/Senate_Investigates_the_Teapot_Dome_Scandal.htm)
1922 Apr 16, Kingsley Amis
(d.1995), novelist and poet, was born. He wrote more than 20 novels and
6 volumes of verse. His work included "The King’s English: A Guide to
Modern Usage." In 1998 Eric Jacobs published the biography "Kingsley
Amis."
(WSJ, 10/23/95, p.A-1)(SFEC, 7/19/98, BR p.3)(HN,
4/16/01)
1922 Apr 16, Annie Oakley shot 100
clay targets in a row, to set a women’s record.
(HN, 4/16/98)
1922 Apr 16, A German-Russia
treaty was signed in Italy. It recognized the Soviet Union.
(MC, 4/16/02)
1922 Apr 18, The office of Will
Hays, head of the Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America
(MPPDA), announced that Roscoe Arbuckle was banned from working in
motion pictures, effective immediately.
(AH, 2/05, p.47)
1922 Apr 19, Erich Hartmann,
German WW II pilot who later downed 352 Russian aircrafts, was
born.
(MC, 4/19/02)
1922 Apr 22, Charles Mingus
(d.1979), jazz bassist, was born.
(HN, 4/22/01)
1922 Apr 27, Fritz Lang's "Dr
Mabuse, der Spieler" premiered in Berlin.
(MC, 4/27/02)
1922 Apr 29, A 100-mile-long
battle raged near Peking, China.
(HN, 4/29/98)
1922 May 5, Construction began on
Yankee Stadium in the Bronx.
(MC, 5/5/02)
1922 May 18, Dutch 2nd Chamber
agreed to a 48 hour work week over the previous 45 hours.
(SC, 5/18/02)
1922 May 23, "Abbie’s Irish Rose"
opened for the 1st of over 2,500 performances.
(MC, 5/23/02)
1922 May 25, Babe Ruth was
suspended for 1 day and fined $200 for throwing dirt on an umpire.
(SC, 5/25/02)
1922 May 26, Lenin suffered a
stroke.
(MC, 5/26/02)
1922 May 29, The US Supreme Court
ruled that organized baseball is a sport, not subject to antitrust laws.
(HN, 5/29/98)
1922 May 29, Ecuador became
independent.
(HN, 5/29/98)
1922 May 29, Iannis Xenakis, Greek
mathematician, architect and composer, was born in Romania. In 2004
James Harley authored “Xenakis: His Life in Music.”
(SSFC, 7/25/04, p.M4)
1922 May 29, Jevgeni B. Vachtangov
(39), Armenian-Russian actor, director, died.
(SC, 5/29/02)
1922 May 30, The Lincoln Memorial
was dedicated in Washington, D.C., by Chief Justice William Howard Taft
and Robert Todd Lincoln. The Memorial has 48 sculptured festoons above
the columns representing the number of states at the time of
dedication. The 36 Doric columns in the Lincoln Memorial represent the
number of states in the Union at the time of Lincoln’s death in 1865.
The limestone and marble edifice, which is situated at the western end
of the Mall, was designed by Henry Bacon of North Carolina in the style
of a Greek temple. Daniel Chester French co-designed the memorial with
Bacon.
(HNQ, 2/12/00)(WSJ, 5/24/08, p.W12)(AP, 5/30/08)
1922 Jun 3, Alain Resnais, French
film director, was born.
(HN, 6/3/01)
1922 Jun 7, Rocky Graziano, boxer,
entertainer (Pantomime Quiz, Martha Raye Show), was born.
(SC, 6/7/02)
1922 Jun 10, Judy Garland,
singer-actress was born as Frances Ethel Gumm in Grand Rapids, Minn.
She starred in The Wizard of Oz and Easter Parade.
(AP, 6/10/97)(HN, 6/10/99)
1922 Jun 11, John Bromfield, actor
(Easy to Love), was born in South Bend, In.
(SC, 6/11/02)
1922 Jun11, Michael Cacoyannis,
director (Zorba the Greek, Trojan Women), was born.
(Internet)
1922 Jun 11, The documentary film
“Nanook of the North,” shot in subarctic Quebec (1920-1921) by Robert
Flaherty, premiered in NYC.
(ON, 2/03, p.11)
1922 Jun 14, Warren G. Harding
became the first president heard on radio, as Baltimore station WEAR
broadcast his speech dedicating the Francis Scott Key memorial at Fort
McHenry. [see Jan 19, 1903]
(AP, 6/14/97)(HN, 6/14/98)
1922 Jun 15, Morris "Mo" Udall
(d.1998), U.S. Congressman from Arizona (1961-1991), was born in St.
Johns, Az. He was one of 6 children in a pioneer Mormon family and was
instrumental in investigating the Mai Lai Massacre in Vietnam and later
sought the Democratic presidential nomination in 1976.
(HN, 6/15/99)(SFC, 12/14/98, p.A5)
1922 Jun 16, Henry Berliner
demonstrated his helicopter to US Bureau of Aeronautics.
(MC, 6/16/02)
1922 Jun 19, Aage Nills Bohr,
physicist, study atomic nucleus (Nobel 1975), was born in Denmark.
(MC, 6/19/02)
1922 Jun 21, Judy Holliday,
actress, was born.
(HN, 6/21/01)
1922 Jun 22, Bill Blass (d.2002),
fashion designer, was born in Fort Wayne, Ind.
(SFC, 6/13/02, p.A23)
1922 Jun 25, The SF Chronicle’s
sports pages became the Sporting Green with the sports section printed
in green.
(SSFC, 6/7/09, p.W2)
1922 Jun 27, George Walker,
composer (In Praise of Lillies), was born in Washington, DC.
(SC, 6/27/02)
1922 Jun 27, The Newberry Medal
was 1st presented for kids literature to Hendrik Van Loon.
(SC, 6/27/02)
1922 Jun 30, Irish rebels in
London assassinated Sir Henry Wilson, the British deputy for Northern
Ireland.
(HN, 6/30/98)
1922 Jul 2, Dan Rowan, comedian
(Rowan & Martin's Laugh-in), was born in Beggs, Okla.
(SC, 7/2/02)
1922 Jul 6, Vice-president Calvin
Coolidge gave a speech at Fredericksburg City Park on behalf of a fund
raising campaign to save and restore the Kenmore House, the home of
Elizabeth (sister of George Washington) and Fielding Lewis.
(HT, 5/97, p.44,68)
1922 Jul 7, Pierre Cardin, fashion
designer (Unisex), was born in Paris, France.
(AP, 7/7/02)(MC, 7/7/02)
1922 Jul 15, 1st duck-billed
platypus was publicly exhibited in US at a NY zoo.
(MC, 7/15/02)
1922 Jul 17, Donald Davie, English
poet and literary critic, was born.
(HN, 7/17/01)
1922 Jul 18, A fire began at the
Manufacturers Transit Company’s 7-storey warehouse on Jane St. in
Greenwich Village, NYC. Explosions erupted and newspapers called it
“the Greenwich Village Volcano.” 2 firemen were killed. A final
eruption destroyed 2 houses on Jul 23. Assistant fire chief
“Smokey Joe” Martin (d.1945) directed the fire fighting efforts.
(ON, 4/03, p.8)
1922 Jul 19, George McGovern, 1972
Democratic candidate for president of the United States, South Dakota
senator, was born.
(HN, 7/19/98)
1922 Jul 21, Djemal Pasha,
dictator of Turkey, was murdered.
(MC, 7/21/02)
1922 Jul 26, Jason Robards Jr,
actor (A Thousand Clowns, Any Wednesday), was born in Chicago.
(MC, 7/26/02)
1922 Jul 27, Norman Lear, TV
writer, producer (All in The Family), was born.
(MC, 7/27/02)
1922 Jul 27, The US government
recognized the Lithuanian government de jure.
(Dr, 7/96, V1#1, p.4)
1922 Jul 28, Jacques Piccard,
undersea explorer (bathyscaph Trieste), was born in Switzerland.
(SC, 7/28/02)
1922 Jul 31, Ralph Samuelson (18)
rode the world's 1st water skis in Minn.
(MC, 7/31/02)
1922 Aug 2, Alexander Graham Bell
(b.1847), Scottish-US physicist (telephone), died in Nova Scotia. He
and Gardiner Hubbard, his father-in-law, were the founders of the
National Geographic Society.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell)(ON, 1/03, p.5)
1922 Aug 2, China was hit by a
typhoon and some 60,000 died.
(MC, 8/2/02)
1922 Aug 7, The Irish Republican
Army cut the cable link between the United States and Europe at
Waterville landing station.
(HN, 8/7/98)
1922 Aug 8, Rudi Gernreich,
designer (1st women's topless swimsuit, miniskirt), was born.
(MC, 8/8/02)
1922 Aug 8, An Italian general
strike was broken by fascist terror.
(MC, 8/8/02)
1922 Aug 12, The home of Frederick
Douglass in Washington, D.C. was dedicated as a memorial.
(HN, 8/12/98)
1922 Aug 15, Lukas Foss, [Fuchs],
composer (Prairie), was born in Berlin, Germany.
(MC, 8/15/02)
1922 Aug 17, Ralph Roberts, actor
(Tradition, Gone are the Days), was born in NC.
(SC, 8/17/02)
1922 Aug 18, Shelly Winters,
actress who won an Academy Award for The Diary of Anne Frank, was born.
(HN, 8/18/98)
1922 Aug 21, Curly Lambeau and
Green Bay Football Club were granted an NFL franchise.
(SC, 8/21/02)
1922 Aug 22, Michael Collins,
Irish politician, was killed in an ambush.
(HN, 8/22/98)
1922 Aug 26, The Philadelphia
Phillies beat the Chicago Cubs 26-23.
(SFEC, 7/25/99, Z1 p.2)
1922 Aug 28, The first-ever radio
commercial aired on station WEAF in New York City (the 10-minute
advertisement was for the Queensboro Realty Company, which had paid a
fee of $100).
(HFA, ‘96, p.36)(AP, 8/28/97)
1922 Aug, Templeton Crocker led a
movement to "organize anew" the California Historical Society. The
society began publishing a magazine that has continued ever since.
(SFEC, 8/31/97, DB p.9)(SFEC,10/26/97, DB p.55)
1922 Aug, The last California
grizzly bear was shot by a Fresno cattle rancher, though another was
sighted in Tulare County a couple years later.
(Pac. Disc., summer, ‘96, p.8)
1922 Aug, The ecumenical
patriarch in Constantinople recognized the Autochephalous Albanian
Orthodox Church.
(www, Albania, 1998)
1922 Sep 1, Yvonne De Carlo,
actress (10 Commandments, Munsters) was born in Vancouver, BC.
(SC, 9/1/02)
1922 Sep 1, Vittorio Gassman,
actor (War and Peace) was born.
(SC, 9/1/02)
1922 Sep 1, Melvin R. Laird
(Rep-R-Mich), US Secretary of Defense (1969-73) was born.
(SC, 9/1/02)
1922 Sep 1, A NYC law required all
"pool" rooms to change their name to "billiards."
(SC, 9/1/02)
1922 Sep 8, Sid Caesar, comedian
and television star, best known for "Your Show of Shows," and "The Sid
Caesar Show," was born in Yonkers, NY.
(HN, 9/8/98)(MC, 9/8/01)
1922 Sep 9, William T. Cosgrave
replaced assassinated Irish leader Michael Collins.
(MC, 9/9/01)
1922 Sep 9, Turkish troops under
Mustafa Kemal conquered Smyrna, Greece. This effectively ended in the
field the Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922) more than three years after the
Greek army had landed on Smyrna on 15 May, 1919. In 2008 Giles Milton
authored “Paradise Lost: Smyrna, 1922: The Destruction of Islam’s City
of Tolerance.”
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Fire_of_Smyrna)(Econ, 5/3/08, p.90)
1922 Sep 13, A major fire began to
ravage Smyrna, Greece, shortly following occupation by Turkish troops
under Mustafa Kemal. The fire lasted 4 days.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Fire_of_Smyrna)
1922 Sep 11, The British mandate
of Palestine began.
(MC, 9/11/01)
1922 Sep 13, In El Azizia, Libya,
a temperature of 136.4 degrees Fahrenheit (57.8 Celsius) was the
hottest ever measured on Earth.
(AP, 7/23/03)
1922 Sep 16, Rev. Edward Wheeler
Hall and his mistress, choir member Eleanor Mills, were found shot to
death in a New Jersey apple orchard. Hall’s wife and her 2 brothers
were indicted for the murder, but they were acquitted at trial. In 1964
William Kunstler authored “The Minister and the Choir Singer, “ an
account of the double murder and trial.
(WSJ, 11/10/07, p.W8)
1922 Sep 21, Pres Warren G.
Harding signed a joint resolution of approval to establish a Jewish
homeland in Palestine.
(MC, 9/21/01)
1922 Sep 21, The US passed a
tariff act. The Fordney-McCumber Tariff bill (named after Joseph
Fordney, chair of the House Ways and Means Committee, and Porter
McCumber, chair of the Senate Finance Committee) was signed by
President Warren Harding. In the end, the tariff law raised the average
American ad valorem tariff rate to 38 percent.
(Econ, 12/20/08,
p.126)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fordney-McCumber_Tariff)
1922 Sep 24, Cornell MacNeil, US,
operatic baritone (La Traviata), was born.
(MC, 9/24/01)
1922 Sep 28, Mussolini marched on
Rome.
(MC, 9/28/01)
1922 Sep, Ahmet Zogu, a tribal
warlord, assumed the position of Prime Minister.
(SFC, 6/27/97, p.A16)(www, Albania, 1998)
1922 Oct 3, Rebecca L. Felton,
D-Ga., became the first woman to be seated in the U.S. Senate. (Mrs.
Felton had been appointed to serve out the remaining term of Sen.
Thomas E. Watson.)
(AP, 10/3/97)
1922 Oct 3, The 1st facsimile
photo (fax) was sent over city telephone lines in Washington, DC.
(MC, 10/3/01)
1922 Oct 8, Dr. Christiaan
Barnard, Pioneering South African heart-transplant surgeon, was born.
[see Nov 8]
(MC, 10/8/01)
1922 Oct 8, Lilian Gatlin became
the first woman pilot to fly across the United States.
(HN, 10/8/98)
1922 Oct 9, Fyvush Finkel, actor
(Middle Ages, Picket Fences, Boston Public), was born.
(MC, 10/9/01)
1922 Oct 14, The 1st automated
telephones began service at the Pennsylvania exchange in NYC.
(MC, 10/14/01)
1922 Oct 18, Little Orphan Annie,
comic strip character, was born.
(MC, 10/18/01)
1922 Oct 22, Parsifal Place was
laid out in Bronx. It was named after a knight in Wagner's Opera.
(MC, 10/22/01)
1922 Oct 24, Irish Parliament
adopted a constitution for an Irish Free State.
(MC, 10/24/01)
1922 Oct 26, Italian government
resigned under pressure from fascists and Benito Mussolini.
(MC, 10/26/01)
1922 Oct 27, The first US annual
celebration of Navy Day took place.
(AP, 10/27/00)
1922 Oct 27, In Italy, liberal
Luigi Facta’s cabinet resigned after threats from Mussolini that
"either the government will be given to us or we will seize it by
marching on Rome." Mussolini called for a general mobilization of all
Fascists.
(HN, 10/27/98)
1922 Oct 28, The 1st
coast-to-coast radio broadcast of a football game. WEAF in New York
broadcast the first collegiate football game to be heard across the US.
Princeton played against the University of Chicago at Stagg Field in
Chicago, Illinois. Telephone lines transmitted the game to New York
City, where the radio transmission started. Queensboro Realty Co. paid
$100 for 10 minutes of air time. (Princeton 21, Chicago 18.)
(http://senior.billings.k12.mt.us/otrannex/history/radio.htm)
1922 Oct 28, Fascism came to Italy
as Benito Mussolini took control of the government.
(AP, 10/28/97)
1922 Oct 30, Mussolini sent his
black shirts into Rome and formed a government. The Fascist takeover
was almost without bloodshed. [see Oct 28]
(HN, 10/30/98)(MC, 10/30/01)
1922 Oct 31, Norodom Sihanouk,
king, president and premier of Cambodia (My War with the CIA), was born.
(MC, 10/31/01)
1922 Oct 31, Karel & Josef
Capek's "World We Live In," premiered in NYC.
(MC, 10/31/01)
1922 Oct 31, Mussolini was made
prime minister. He centralized all power in himself as leader of the
Fascist party and attempted to create an Italian empire, ultimately in
alliance with Hitler's Germany. Mussolini formed a cabinet of Fascists
and Nationalists and declared himself temporary dictator.
(HN, 10/30/98)(SFC, 10/15/99, p.C12)
1922 Nov 1, The Ottoman Empire
ended as Turkey’s Grand National Assembly abolished the sultanate. In
2006 Caroline Finkel authored “Osman’s Dream: The History of the
Ottoman Empire.”
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire)(WSJ,
4/11/06, p.D8)
1922 Nov 2, Australian Qantas
airways began service.
(MC, 11/2/01)
1922 Nov 4, The US Postmaster
General ordered all homes to get mailboxes or relinquish delivery of
mail.
(HN, 11/4/98)
1922 Nov 4, British archeologist
Howard Carter was elated when his Egyptian workers uncovered the top of
a stairway cut into bedrock in the Valley of the Kings. For a decade,
Carter had been searching for the tomb of the young king Tutankhamen,
who had ruled Egypt 3,200 years before. Carter was particularly
thrilled at the discovery of the staircase because his wealthy patron,
the Earl of Carnarvon, had agreed to fund only one more season before
abandoning the search. At the bottom of the staircase was a sealed
doorway, which suggested that the tomb had probably not been robbed.
Carter ordered the stairway filled and telegraphed his patron, "At last
have made wonderful discovery in valley; a magnificent tomb with seals
intact; recovered same for your arrival; congratulations." On November
26, Carter, with Carnarvon standing by, drilled a small hole in the
tomb's antechamber. Inserting a candle, Carter peered into the darkness
at the rich funerary goods. When asked by Carnarvon if he could see
anything, the awestruck Carter replied, "Yes, wonderful things."
(NG, May 1985, R. Caputo, p.598)(AP, 11/4/97)(HNPD,
11/3/98)
1922 Nov 5, King Tut’s tomb was
discovered. [see Nov 4}
(HN, 11/5/98)
1922 Nov 6, King George V
proclaimed Irish Free state.
(MC, 11/6/01)
1922 Nov 7, Al Hirt, jazz
trumpeter, was born in New Orleans, La.
(MC, 11/7/01)
1922 Nov 8, Christiaan Barnard,
South African surgeon, was born. He performed the first human heart
transplant operation. [see Oct 8]
(HN, 11/8/00)
1922 Nov 11, Kurt Vonnegut,
American author who wrote "Slaughterhouse Five," was born.
(HN, 11/11/98)
1922 Nov 11, Canada’s Vernon
McKenzie urged fighting U.S. propaganda with taxes on U.S. magazines.
(HN, 11/11/98)
1922 Nov 12, Charlotte MacLeod,
mystery writer, was born. (Rest You Merry, Maid of Honor).
(HN, 11/12/00)
1922 Nov 13, Black Renaissance
began in Harlem, NY.
(MC, 11/13/01)
1922 Nov 13, George Cohan's
musical "Little Nellie Kelly," premiered in NYC.
(MC, 11/13/01)
1922 Nov 14, Boutros Boutros
Ghali, Egyptian secretary-general of UN (1992-), was born.
(MC, 11/14/01)
1922 Nov 14, The British
Broadcasting Corporation, BBC, began the first daily radio broadcasts
from Marconi House. The company was formed with a commercial mission to
sell radio sets. General manager John Reith (33), Scottish engineer,
envisaged an independent British broadcaster able to educate, inform
and entertain the whole nation, free from political interference and
commercial pressure.
(AP,
11/14/97)(www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/story/1920s.shtml)
1922 Nov 15, It was announced that
Dr. Alexis Carrel discovered white corpuscles.
(HN, 11/15/00)
1922 Nov 18, Marcel Proust
(b.1871), French author (Recherche du Temps Perdu), died at 51. His
masterpiece was "Remembrance of Things Past." In 1998 it was turned
into a comic book series. In 1998 Alain de Botton published the
whimsical "How Proust Can Save Your Life." In 1999 Edmund White wrote
the biography "Marcel Proust." The major biography by John Yves Taddie
was scheduled to appear in English in 1999. In 2000 Roger Shattuck
authored "Proust’s Way." William C. Carter authored "Marcel Proust: A
Life."
(SFC, 9/16/98, p.A10)(SFEC, 1/17/99, BR p.3)(SFEC,
9/3/00, BR p.3)(MC, 11/18/01)
1922 Nov 21, Rebecca L. Felton of
Georgia was sworn in as the first woman to serve in the U.S. Senate.
(AP, 11/21/97)
1922 Nov 24, Italian parliament
gave Mussolini dictatorial powers "for 1 year."
(MC, 11/24/01)
1922 Nov 25, Archaeologist Howard
Carter entered King Tut's tomb.
(MC, 11/25/01)
1922 Nov 26, Charles M. Shultz,
American cartoonist who created "Peanuts" starring Charlie Brown, was
born.
(HN, 11/26/98)
1922 Nov 26, Lord Carnarvon and
Howard Carter, archeologists, opened King Tut’s tomb in Egypt.
(HN, 11/26/98)(AP, 11/26/02)
1922 Nov 27, Allied delegates
barred Soviets from Near East peace conference.
(HN, 11/27/98)
1922 Nov 28, Capt. Cyril Turner of
the Royal Air Force gave the first public skywriting exhibition,
spelling out, "Hello U-S-A. Call Vanderbilt 7200" over New York’s Times
Square. 47,000 called.
(DTnet, 11/28/97)
1922 Nov 30, Hitler spoke to
50,000 national socialists (Nazis) in Munich.
(MC, 11/30/01)
1922 Dec 1, 1st skywriting over
US-"Hello USA"-by Capt Turner, RAF.
(MC, 12/1/01)
1922 Dec 3, Sven Nykvist, Swedish
cinematographer, was born.
(HN, 12/3/00)
1922 Dec 4, Gerard Philipe, actor
(Caligula, Le Diable au Corps), was born in Cannes, France.
(MC, 12/4/01)
1922 Dec 6, The Irish Free State
came into being under terms of the Anglo-Irish Treaty.
(AP, 12/6/08)
1922 Dec 11, Grace Paley, short
story writer, was born.
(HN, 12/11/00)
1922 Dec 12, John Wanamaker
(b.1938), US merchant who founded a chain of stores in Philadelphia,
died. He introduced department stores and price tags to the US and
became the first modern advertiser when he bought ads in newspapers to
promote his stores.
(http://tinyurl.com/ck74o)(Econ, 7/8/06, p.61)(Econ,
7/15/06, p.15)
1922 Dec 14, Don Hewitt, NYC, CBS
news executive producer (60 Minutes), was born.
(MC, 12/14/01)
1922 Dec 21, Paul Winchell,
ventriloquist (Jerry Mahoney, Knucklehead Smith), was born in NYC.
(MC, 12/21/01)
1922 Dec 24, Ava Gardner, actress
(On the Beach, Night of the Iguana), was born in Grabtown, NC.
(MC, 12/24/01)
1922 Dec 30, Vladimir I. Lenin
proclaimed the establishment of the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics. Soviet Russia was renamed the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics. The Soviet Union was organized as a federation of RSFSR,
Ukrainian SSR, Belorussian SSR and Transcaucasian SSR.
(AP, 12/30/97)(HN, 12/30/98)
1922 The second largest equestrian
statue in the world, located in Washington, D.C., is of General and
later President Ulysses S. Grant. The statue of Grant, sculpted by
Henry Merwin Shrady and dedicated in 1922, stands at head of the
reflecting pool in front of the U.S. Capitol Building. The only
equestrian statue larger is of Victor Emmanuel in Italy.
(HNQ, 11/21/98)
1922 Pierre Bonnard painted "Woman
With Dog."
(WSJ, 11/17/99, p.A20)
1922 The Constructivist group of
artists in Russia issued a manifesto calling for the defeat of art,
which they regarded as the enemy of technology. Alexander Rodchenko
(1891-1956), a painter turned photographer, was founding member of the
group.
(Econ, 2/9/08,
p.91)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandr_Rodchenko)
1922 Paul Klee painted his
watercolor "Little Regata." It was stolen from the Phillips Collection
in Washington DC in 1963 and returned in 1997.
(WSJ, 6/24/97, p.A20)
1922 Fernand Leger painted his
"Mother and Child."
(WSJ, 2/8/96, p.A-12)
1922 Maxfield Parrish painted his
oil "Daybreak." It was auctioned off at Sotheby’s in 1996 for
$4,292,500.
(SFC, 6/12/96, p.C1)
1922 Picasso painted "Mother and
Child." [also dated 1921] Picasso originally used his wife's body and
the face of another woman and included himself. He later cut himself
out after his marriage deteriorated and began painting his wife with a
long ugly neck and angry teeth.
(WSJ, 4/27/95, p.C-1)(WSJ, 4/9/99, p.W16)
1922 Walter Berndt premiered his
comic strip "Smitty" in the New York Daily News. It was about an office
boy and his annoying kid brother named Herby, who made his own debut in
1930.
(SFC, 7/8/98, Z1 p.3)
1922 Willa Cather won a Pulitzer
Prize for her novel "One of Ours."
(SFEC, 4/2/00, BR p.4)
1922 Marc Chagall (1887-1985),
Belarus-born Russian artist, authored a memoir.
(SFC, 11/19/08, p.E8)
1922 George Samuel Clason authored
“The Richest Man in Babylon,” financial advice provided as a set of
parables set in Babylon.
(SFC, 5/21/04, p.F1)
1922 The first edition of
Compton’s Pictured Encyclopedia was published.
(WSJ, 8/18/07, p.A5)
1922 F. Scott Fitzgerald authored
his 2nd novel “The Beautiful and Damned.”
(WSJ, 7/29/06, p.P12)
1922 Hermann Hesse (1877-1962)
published his novel "Siddhartha," a short lyric novel of a father-son
relationship based on the early life of Buddha and inspired by Hesse’s
travels through India. In 1951 it was translated to English.
(SFC, 10/15/99, p.C12)(iUniv. 7/2/00)(WSJ, 8/5/06,
p.P8)
1922 Franz Kafka (1883-1924)
authored his novel “The Castle.”
(WSJ, 8/7/07, p.D10)
1922 Sinclair Lewis (1965-1951)
published his novel "Babbitt," a small-town saga of a real estate agent.
(WSJ, 7/13/99, p.A20)(WSJ, 1/18/02, p.W8)
1922 Emily Post published
"Etiquette," which became a best-seller.
(WSJ, 7/13/99, p.A20)
1922 Lewis Fry Richardson
published "Weather Prediction by Numerical Process." He proposed to
setup 64,000 people to work together in a vast installation to
formulate global weather forecasts.
(Wired, 2/99, p.104)
1922 Ranier Marie Rilke published
"Mitsou," about a cat that runs away from a boy. It was illustrated by
Balthus (b.1908).
(SFEC, 2/6/00, BR p.12)
1922 Margaret Sanger wrote "Pivot
of Civilization." She called for the segregation of "morons, misfits,
and the maladjusted" and for the "sterilization of "genetically
inferior races."
(WSJ, 5/5/97, p.A18)
1922 Upton Sinclair self-published
"The Goose-Step: A Study of American Education."
(SFEM, 1/30/00, p.15)
1922 "The Velveteen Rabbit" by
Margery Williams was published. The book was illustrated by William
Nicholson.
(SFEC, 2/27/00, BR p.12)
1922 Carter G. Woodson
(1875-1950), black historian, authored “The Negro in Our History.”
(WSJ, 5/19/05, p.D8)
1922 James Weldon Johnson
published his landmark anthology: "The Book of American Negro Poetry."
(MT, 3/96, p.14)
1922 T.S. Eliot wrote his long
poem "The Waste Land."
(WSJ, 9/12/96, p.A14)
1922 Harley Granville Barker,
English playwright, wrote "The Secret Life," a romantic melodrama set
in England’s countryside after WW I.
(WSJ, 8/29/97, p.A9)
1922 The Broadway show "Liza"
featured Maude Russell Rutherford (d.2001 at 104) as one of the chorus
girls who introduced the Charleston dance. The lyrics and music were by
Maceo Pinkard.
(SFC, 3/30/01, p.D5)
1922 Jean Borlin, Swedish dancer,
choreographed the ballet "Skating Rink." The décor and costumes
were designed by Ferdnand Leger. The music was by Arthur Honneger.
(WSJ, 6/25/99, p.W7)
1922 The play "Abies' Irish Rose"
began in New York City and ran for 2,327 performances over the next 5
years.
(SFC, 12/28/99, p.C4)
1922 The Mills Brothers began
performing in Piqua, Ohio. Donald Mills (d.1999), the youngest brother
(7), Harry, Herbert and John (d.1936) later made their first hit with
"Tiger Rag." Other hits included "Glow Worm," "Yellow Bird" and "Paper
Doll."
(SFC, 11/16/99, p.E6)
1922 The New York Philharmonic
made its first radio broadcast from the old Lewisohn Stadium in upper
Manhattan.
(WSJ, 11/13/97, p.A20)
c1922 Saxophonist Benny Carter
began playing with Duke Ellington and Cab Calloway at age 15.
Ellington’s band was the Cotton Club Orchestra. His drummer up to the
1940s was Sonny Greer.
(SFC, 9/5/96, p.B2)(SFEM, 10/5/97, p.9)
1922 Louis Armstrong moved to
Chicago.
(WSJ, 1/3/95, p. 8)
1922 The first radio station on
the West Coast went on the air in San Jose as KQW, later KCBS.
(SFEC, 4/25/99, Z1 p.4)
1922 Sid Grauman created the
concept of the Hollywood premiere by throwing a glittering opening for
Douglas Fairbanks Sr.‘s "Robin Hood" at his new Egyptian Theater. Its
décor was inspired by the recent discovery of King Tut‘s tomb.
(AP, 6/18/00)
1922 The Warner Brothers, Harry,
Albert, Sam and Jack, opened their first West Coast studio.
(WSJ, 1/11/00, p.B1)
1922 The 1st arc-welded structure
in the US was a 245-step, freestanding, steel staircase into the
Moaning Caverns of Calaveras, Ca.
(SSFC, 12/16/01, p.C5)
1922 The New York Stock Exchange
(NYSE) expanded its first building at 10 Broad St. to include 11 Wall
St.
(SFC, 4/23/98, p.D2)
1922 A Greek Orthodox Archdiocese
was established in the US.
(SFC,10/27/97, p.A3)
1922 Mennonites from Canada and
Pennsylvania fled persecution and settled near Chihuahua, Mexico.
(SFEC, 6/1/97, p.T3)(SFEC, 11/5/00, p.T4)
1922 El Charro, Tucson’s oldest
Mexican restaurant was founded.
(AWAM, Dec. 94, p.31)
1922 The Pescadero High School in
Pescadero, Calif. was founded.
(SFC, 5/12/96, p.C-3)
1922 Reader’s Digest launched its
flagship magazine.
(WSJ, 4/18/00, p.A1)
1922 The journal Foreign Affairs
was founded with Archibald Cary Coolidge as editor.
(WSJ, 11/20/97, p.A20)
1922 Jacinto Benavente y Martinez
(b.1866), Spanish dramatist, won the Nobel Prize.
(SC, 8/12/02)
1922 Otto Meyerhof (1884-1951),
German doctor, won the Nobel Prize in Medicine for his discovery of the
fixed relationship between the consumption of oxygen and the metabolism
of lactic acid in the muscle.
(http://nobelprize.org/medicine/laureates/1922/meyerhof-bio.html)
1922 Fridtjof Nansen, Norwegian
Arctic explorer (1893-1896), was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace.
(ON, 7/05, p.5)
1922 In the Rose Bowl California
played to a 0-0 tie with Washington & Jefferson.
(SFC, 10/15/99, p.C12)
1922 The Hollywood censorship
regime known as the Hays Office was set up. It established that no two
people could be filmed in the same bed and helped to popularize twin
beds.
(SFEC, 3/15/98, Z1 p.8)
1922 Washington made a Naval
Treaty with Japan.
(AP, 12/29/97)
1922 The Colorado River Compact
allocated 7.5 million acre-feet of water from the upper basin states
(Wyoming, Colorado, Utah and New Mexico) to be delivered to the lower
basin sates (California, Arizona and Nevada) plus the rights to divert
another 1 million acre-feet from the river’s lower tributaries.
(SFEC, 8/24/97, p.A10)(SFCM, 7/17/05, p.6)
1922 The country Club Plaza of
Kansas City, Mo., opened as an elite alternative to downtown shopping
and was the 1st retailing concept to rely upon shoppers arriving by
car. The major shopping mall movement in the US began in 1956 with the
Edina, Minn., mall.
(WSJ, 1/30/04, p.W9)
1922 Ford bought Lincoln Motor Co.
(WSJ, 6/19/96, Adv. Supl)
1922 Jim Dole, businessman, bought
98% of Lana’i, Hawaii, for $1.1 million. He then turned the land over
to the production of pineapple.
(SFEM, 10/13/96, p.24)
1922 Samuel I. Newhouse (d.1979)
bought the financially troubled Staten Island Advance newspaper. The
Newhouse family expanded the operations into a major communications
conglomerate.
(SFEC, 11/29/98, p.B6)
1922 Dole, a Boston businessman,
bought 98% of Hawaii’s Lanai Island for $1.1 million and planted 16,000
acres of pineapple. He imported plantation workers from Japan, China
and the Philippines.
(SSFC, 8/26/01, p.T10)
1922 Macy’s Department Stores
became a publicly traded corporation. In 1996 Jeffrey A. Trachtenberg
wrote how the company was taken private in 1986 to its Chapter 11
bankruptcy in 1992: "The Rain on Macy’s Par."
(SFC, 11/27/96, p.D5)
1922 Jules Stein created the
band-booking agency Music Corporation of America.
(SSFC, 6/15/03, p.M1)
1922 W. Clement Stone (b.1902)
began his Combined Registry & Co., an insurance operation, in
Chicago, Illinois with $100. In 1987 it was renamed Aon Corp. By the
time of his death in 2002 Combined Int’l. had grown to a $2 billion
concern.
(SSFC, 7/16/06,
p.D1)(www.combined.com/2130_history.html)
1922 Tinker Beads began to be
produced. A full set contained 144 wooden beads, cord and a blunt
needle.
(SFC, 2/5/97, Z1 p.7)
1922 Vitamin E was discovered in
when Evans HM et al. described a "substance X" that was essential to
maintain rat fertility. After obtaining similar results, Sure B called
the substance "vitamin E" because vitamins A, B, C, and D were already
known.
(www.cyberlipid.org/vite/vite0001.htm)
1922 Alexander Friedmann, Russian
physicist and mathematician, made two simple assumptions about the
universe that show why we should not expect it to be static. The first
is that the universe looks identical in whichever direction we look and
the second is that this would also be true if we were to observe the
universe from anywhere else. This is later proven by Bubble.
(BHT, Hawking, p.40)
1922 Roy Chapman Andrews of the
American Museum of Natural History led an expedition to the Gobi desert
and discovered dinosaur bones. Later expeditions there turned up bones
and nests of Protoceratops, a small horned dinosaur. He led 6
expeditions to the Gobi between 1921 and 1930. Andrews’ own
autobiography is titled "Under a Lucky Star." In 2001 Charles
Gallencamp the Andrews biography: "Dragon Hunter."
(T.E.-J.B. p.25)(AM, 7/97, p.80)(WSJ, 5/21/01, p.A20)
1922 George Leigh Mallory (36)
took part in a 2nd expedition of mountain climbers to Mt. Everest. 7
porters were killed and the expedition failed to reach the summit.
(ON, 3/05, p.7)
1922 Arthur Wesley Dow (b.1857),
American photographer, died.
(WSJ, 1/20/04, p.D7)
1922 In Albania Zog, a tribal
warlord, became the prime minister.
(SFC, 6/27/97, p.A16)
1922 Vegemite, a salty, slightly
bitter spread made from brewer's yeast, was introduced by Australian
chemist Cyril Callister for the Fred Walker Cheese Company in
Melbourne. The company wanted a Vitamin B-rich spread that could
compete with Britain's popular Marmite. The name came in a 1923
national poll. In 2009 Kraft Foods Australia announced that a creamier
variation of Vegemite would be on store shelves July 5 alongside the
original.
(AP, 6/15/09)
1922 Reginald Arthur Borstel
(b.1875), Australian artist, died. He was known for his ship portraits.
(SSFC, 3/27/05, p.B5)
1922 Henry Lawson (b.1867),
Australian poet, died.
(NG, 8/04, p.1)
1922 In Australia Colin Campbell
Ross was hanged for raping and murdering Alma Tirtschke (12) and
dumping her body in an alley in 1921. In 2008 the city of Melbourne
posthumously pardoned him for the crime after new tests found crucial
evidence against him was flawed.
(Reuters, 5/27/08)
1922 Adolph Hitler and Hermann
Goring became friends and political allies because of their mutual
hatred of the Versailles Treaty. In 2004 Anthony Read authored "The
Devil's Disciples: Hitler's Inner Circle."
(SSFC, 4/4/04, p.M3)
1922 In the Rapallo Treaty Germany
recognized Lenin's regime.
(WSJ, 8/5/99, p.A16)
1922 Carl Wieselsberger, German
physicist, described a method of suspending models on an airstream,
i.e. the ground effect.
(Econ, 9/8/07, TQ
p.12)(http://naca.central.cranfield.ac.uk/citations/cit.html)
1922 Walther Rathenau, a
German-Jewish industrialist, was assassinated by right-wing thugs. The
1999 book "Einstein's German World" by Fritz Stern included an essay on
Rathenau. Other essays presented views of Max Planck, physicist, Paul
Ehrlich, founder of chemotherapy, and Fritz Haber, who worked on the
insecticide later known as Zyklon-B.
(WSJ, 9/21/99, p.A24)
1922 In Pauillac, France, Baron
Philippe de Rothschild took over the Bordeaux region vineyard that had
been initially purchased by his great-grandfather. He initiated
bottling all production at the chateau and commissioned the architect,
Charles Siclis, to build the famous "Grand Chai," as the centerpiece
building.
(SFEC, 2/1/98, p.T4)
1922 Their was a rainfall of
spiders over Hungary.
(SFC, 5/30/98, p.E4)
1922 In India civil disobedience
demonstrators killed 22 police officers and Gandhi called off his
campaign of disobedience.
(SFEC, 8/3/97, p.A15)
1922 The Irish Republican Army
refused to accept a separate Northern Ireland under British rule.
(SFEC, 12/22/96, Z1 p.7)
1922 In Ireland a cease-fire was
established.
(SFEC, 10/20/96, p.C4)
1922 Revolutionary Erskine
Childers was killed by Irish Free State forces. His son later became
president, and his grandson a UN official.
(SFC, 4/9/96, p.A17)
1922 The Univ. of Lithuania was
founded in Kaunas.
(DrEE, 11/23/96, p.4)
1922 The West Bank became an
unallocated portion of the Palestine Mandate.
(SFC, 6/24/96, p.A19)
1922 Lenin deported 70 of the best
minds in Russia along with their families. In 2006 Lesley Chamberlain
authored “The Philosophy Steamer: Lenin and the Exile of the
Intelligentsia.”
(Econ, 3/18/06, p.80)
1922 The Soviet government divided
the North Caucasus along ethnic lines, separating the Chechen
Autonomous Oblast from the Republic of the Mountain Peoples and
abolishing the republic itself in 1924.
(www.chechnyawar.com/history)(USAT, 9/2/04, p.13A)
1922 The Red October Heat and
Power Plant opened in St. Petersburg, Russia.
(SSFC, 12/22/02, p.F8)
1922 Scotland joined the United
Kingdom of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
(WSJ, 4/16/97, p.A13)
1922 In Montevideo, Uruguay, the
26-story Palacio Salvo hotel, designed by Architect Mario Palanti,
became the tallest building in South America.
(SSFC, 10/30/05, p.F6)
1922-1928 Dolly Rekords were made during this period
by the Averill Co. They were played on a small record player inside the
body of a Madame Hendren Doll.
(SFC, 9/23/98, Z1 p.8)
1922-1948 Palestine and the West Bank comprised about
1/5th of the local area under British rule at his time.
(SFC, 1/22/98, p.C12)
1922-1953 Stalin was General Secretary of the
Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
(AHD, 1971, p.1255)
1922-1981 H. C. Westerman, American artist. He is
recognized as the pioneer of the Chicago Monster School of grotesque
comic art. His work included the watercolor "Mohave" (1966), and the
box sculptures "March or Die" (1966), and "The Evil Force" (1962).
(SFC, 9/25/97, p.B2)
World War timeline 1923:
http://history.acusd.edu/gen/WW2Timeline/start.html
1923 Jan 1, The Angelus Temple, a
spiritual palace in the Echo Park neighborhood of Los Angeles, was
dedicated by Canadian-born evangelist Aimee Semple McPherson
(1890-1944), organizer of the Int’l. Church of the Foursquare Gospel.
(WSJ, 6/2/07,
p.P9)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aimee_Semple_McPherson)
1923 Jan 1, Sadi Lecointe set a
new aviation speed record flying an average of 208 mph at Istres.
(HN, 1/1/99)
1923 Jan 2, A Ku Klux Klan
surprise attack on a black residential area of Rosewood, Fla., killed 8
people. The all-black town of Rosewood, a north Florida community of
120 people, was burned to the ground. A white woman fearful of being
caught in an affair, falsely claimed that she was raped and beaten by a
black man. Violence exploded as a white mob tried to string up a black
man for information on an alleged rape. At least 6 black and 2 white
died and almost every building was burned. In 1994 the Florida
legislature provided up to $2 million in compensation to survivors.
Nine survivors won a $2 million settlement in 1995. In 1996 the event
was recreated in the film "Rosewood" by John Singleton.
(SFEC, 8/25/96, DB p.43)(SFC, 9/24/97, p.C2) (SFC,
2/5/00, p.A3)(MC, 1/2/02)
1923 Jan 4, The Paris Conference
on war reparations hit a deadlock as the French insisted on the hard
line and the British insisted on Reconstruction.
(HN, 1/4/99)
1923 Jan 5, The Senate debated the
benefits of Peyote for the American Indian.
(HN, 1/5/99)
1923 Jan 8, Joseph Wiezenbaum,
artificial intelligence pioneer, was born.
(MC, 1/8/02)
1923 Jan 8, Giorgio Tozzi, basso
(Met Opera, Boris, Don Giovanni), was born in Chicago, Illinois.
(MC, 1/8/02)
1923 Jan 9, Katherine Mansfield
(34), NZ-British writer (Dove's Nest), died.
(MC, 1/9/02)
1923 Jan 10, The United States
withdrew its last troops from Germany.
(HN, 1/10/99)
1923 Jan 11, The French entered
Essen in the Ruhr. They were there to extract Germany's resources as
war payment.
(HN, 1/11/99)
1923 Jan 13, Hitler denounced the
Weimar republic as 5,000 storm troopers demonstrated in Germany.
(HN, 1/13/99)
1923 Jan 15, Lithuanians took
Klaipeda back from French control.
(LC, 1998, p.8)(LHC, 1/15/03)
1923 Jan 19, The French announced
the invention of a new gun with a range of 56 miles.
(HN, 1/19/99)
1923 Jan 28, The 1st "National
Socialist German Workers Party" (NSDAP, aka NAZI) formed in Munich.
(MC, 1/28/02)
1923 Jan 31, Norman Mailer
(d.2007), NYC mayoral candidate, novelist (Naked and the Dead), was
born in NJ. In 1999 Mary V. Dearborn published "Norman Mailer: A
Biography."
(SFEC, 12/26/99, BR p.7)(SSFC, 11/11/07, p.A7)
1923 Feb 1, Fascists Voluntary
Militia formed in Italy under Mussolini.
(MC, 2/1/02)
1923 Feb 2, Ethyl gasoline was 1st
marketed in Dayton, Ohio.
(MC, 2/2/02)
1923 Feb 3, The National Union
committee divided a neutral zone between Lithuania and Poland and drew
a final line of demarcation.
(LHC, 2/3/03)
1923 Feb 4, French troops took
Offenburg, Appenweier and Buhl in the Ruhr as a part of the agreement
ending World War I.
(HN, 2/4/99)
1923 Feb 5, Stephen J. Cannell, TV
producer, writer (Rockford Files), was born.
(MC, 2/5/02)
1923 Feb 6, Edward E. Barnard
(65), US astronomer (5th moon Jupiter), died.
(MC, 2/6/02)
1923 Feb 8, German NSDAP (Nazi
Party) Volkischer Beobachter newspaper became a daily.
(MC, 2/8/02)
1923 Feb 9, Brendan Behan, Irish
playwright and poet, was born in Dublin, Ireland. His work included
"The Hostage" and "The Quare Fellow."
(HN, 2/9/01)(MC, 2/9/02)
1923 Feb 9, Norman E. Shumway,
pioneer cardiac transplant surgeon, was born in Mich.
(MC, 2/9/02)
1923 Feb 9, Soviet Aeroflot
airlines formed.
(MC, 2/9/02)
1923 Feb 10, Cesare Siepi, basso
(NY Metropolitan Opera), was born in Milan, Italy.
(MC, 2/10/02)
1923 Feb 10, Wilhelm Konrad von
Röntgen (77), physicist (Nobel 1901), died. In 1971 Robert W.
Nitske authored “The Life of Wilhelm Konrad Röntgen: Discoverer of
the X Ray.”
(ON, 11/04, p.8)
1923 Feb 13, Charles "Chuck"
Yeager, American test pilot, was born. He was the first man to break
the sound barrier on October 14, 1947.
(HN, 2/13/99)
1923 Feb 15, Yelena Bonner, soviet
dissident, wife of Andre Sakharov, was born in Moscow.
(MC, 2/15/02)
1923 Feb 16, Betsy Smith makes her
first recording "Down Hearted Blues," her music reflected the
Depression era.
(HN, 2/16/99)
1923 Feb 16, In Egypt the burial
chamber of King Tutankhamen's recently unearthed tomb was unsealed by
archeologist Howard Carter.
(AP, 2/16/08)
1923 Feb 19, Jean Sibelius' 6th
Symphony premiered.
(MC, 2/19/02)
1923 Feb 22, 1st successful
chinchilla farm established in US was in LA, Calif.
(MC, 2/22/02)
1923 Feb 26, Italian nationalist
blue-shirts merged with the fascist black-shirts.
(SC, 2/26/02)
1923 Feb 28, Charles Durning,
actor (Fury, Sting, Tootsie), was born in Highland Falls, NY.
(MC, 2/28/02)
1923 Mar 1, Allies occupied
Ruhrgebied and killed a railroad striker.
(SC, 3/1/02)
1923 Mar 2, Doc Watson, singer and
guitarist, was born.
(HN, 3/2/01)
1923 Mar 2, The first issue of the
weekly periodical, "TIME" appeared on newsstands. The first issue was
32 pages and featured a charcoal sketch of Congressman Joseph Gurney
Cannon on the cover. It was the United States’ first modern
newsmagazine. The worldwide Time Magazine was conceived by Henry Luce
and Briton Hadden (d.1929) in 1922. Luce and Hadden had just graduated
from Yale. In 2006 Isaiah Wilner authored “The Man Time Forgot,” a
biography of Hadden.
(AP, 3/2/98)(HC, Internet, 2/3/98)(WSJ, 1/11/00,
p.B1)
1923 Mar 2, In Italy, Mussolini
admitted that women have a right to vote, but declares that the time
was not right.
(HN, 3/2/99)
1923 Mar 3, US Senate rejected
membership in International Court of Justice, The Hague.
(SC, 3/3/02)
1923 Mar 3, Time magazine, founded
by Briton Hadden and Henry R. Luce, made its debut.
(AP, 3/3/07)
1923 Mar 4, Lenin's last article
in Pravda (about Red bureaucracy) was published.
(SC, 3/4/02)
1923 Mar 5, Laurence Tisch
(d.2003) was born in Brooklyn. In 1946 his parents entrusted him with
$125,000 to invest. He and his brother grew it to billions through
their Loews conglomerate.
(SSFC, 11/16/03, p.A29)
1923 Mar 5, Montana and Nevada
passed the US's first old age pension grants, giving $25 per month.
(HN, 3/5/98)
1923 Mar 6, The Turkish National
Assembly rejected the Lausanne Treaty in Angora.
(HN, 3/6/98)
1923 Mar 8, Cyd Charisse, dancer,
actress, was born.
(HN, 3/8/01)
1923 Mar 8, John McPhee, writer
(Oranges, A Sense of Where You Are), was born.
(HN, 3/8/01)
1923 Mar 10, Kenneth "Jethro"
Burns, country singer (Homer & Jethro), was born.
(MC, 3/10/02)
1923 Mar 13, Lee de Forest
demonstrated his sound-on-film moving pictures in NYC.
(MC, 3/13/02)
1923 Mar 14, Diane Arbus [Nemerov]
(d.1971), photographer, innovator (Vogue and Harper's Bazaar), was born
in NYC. In 1984 Patricia Bosworth authored: "Diane Arbus: A Biography."
(MC, 3/14/02)(Internet)
1923 Mar 14, President Harding
became the first chief executive to file an income tax report.
(AP, 3/14/97)
1923 Mar 14, German Supreme Court
prohibited the NSDAP (Nazi Party).
(MC, 3/14/02)
1923 Mar 15, An
ambassador's conference set the demarcation line between Lithuania and
Poland as a national border, which Lithuania did not recognize.
(LHC, 3/15/03)
1923 Mar 15, Lenin was felled by
his 3rd stroke.
(MC, 3/15/02)
1923 Mar 20, Bavarian minister of
Interior refused to forbid the Nazi SA. [NOTE: The Sturmabteilung SA,
German for "Assault Division" and sometimes translated stormtroopers,
functioned as a paramilitary organization of the NSDAP – the German
Nazi party. It played a key role in Adolf Hitler’s rise to power in the
1930s. SA men were often known as brown shirts from the color of their
uniform and to distinguish them from the SS who were known as black
shirts.]
(MC, 3/20/02)
1923 Mar 22, Marcel Marceau,
French mime, was born. "I do not get my ideas from people on the
street. If you look at faces on the street, what do you see? Nothing.
Just boredom." He devised over 100 pantomimes, including The Creation
of the World.
(HN, 3/22/97)(AP, 3/22/99)
1923 Mar 23, Frank Silver and
Irving Conn released "Yes, We Have No Bananas."
(SS, 3/23/02)
1923 Mar 24, Edna Jo Hunter,
expert on military families and prisoners of war, was born.
(MC, 3/24/02)
1923 Mar 26, Bob Elliot, radio
comedian, one half of Bob and Ray, was born.
(HN, 3/26/01)
1923 Mar 26, Sarah Bernhardt
[Henriette-Rosine Bernard], actress (Qn Elizabeth), died at 77.
(SS, 3/26/02)
1923 Mar 27, Louis Simpson,
Pulitzer Prize-winning poet, was born.
(HN, 3/27/01)
1923 Mar 31, The first U.S. dance
marathon, held in New York City, ended. Alma Cummings (32) set a world
record of 27 hours on her feet. 6 younger male partners helped her.
(AP, 3/31/98)(WSJ, 6/1/05, p.B1)
1923 Mar 31, French soldiers fired
on workers at Krupp factory in Essen; 13 died.
(MC, 3/31/02)
1923 Apr 5, Michael V. Gazzo,
actor (Cookie, Fear City), was born in Hillside, NJ.
(MC, 4/5/02)
1923 Apr 5, Firestone Co. put
their inflatable tires into production.
(MC, 4/5/02)
1923 Apr 5, George Edward Stanhope
Molyneux Herbert (56), England’s 5th Earl of Lord Carnarvon, died in
Egypt from an infected mosquito bite. He financed the excavation of the
Egyptian New Kingdom Pharaoh Tutankhamen’s tomb in Egypt's Valley of
the Kings.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Herbert,_5th_Earl_of_Carnarvon)
1923 Apr 5, Nguyen Van Thieu,
president of South Vietnam (1965-75), selected this date as his birth
date on the grounds that it was luckier than his Nov 1924 birthday.
(HN, 5/5/97)(SFC, 10/1/01, p.B2)(MC, 4/5/02)
1923 Apr 7, The Workers Party of
America in NYC became an official communist party.
(MC, 4/7/02)
1923 Apr 7, The 1st brain tumor
operation under local anesthetic was performed at Beth Israel Hospital
in NYC by Dr K. Winfield Ney.
(MC, 4/7/02)
1923 Apr 8, Franco Corelli, tenor,
was born in Anconia, Italy.
(MC, 4/8/02)
1923 Apr 8, Death toll from plague
reached 1,000 in India.
(HN, 4/8/98)
1923 Apr 10, Hitler demanded
"hatred and more hatred" in Berlin.
(MC, 4/10/02)
1923 Apr 12, Ann Miller, [Lucille
Ann Collier], dancer (On the Town), was born in Cherino, Tex.
(MC, 4/12/02)
1923 Apr 15, The first sound films
shown to a paying audience are exhibited at the Rialto Theater in New
York City.
(HN, 4/15/01)
1923 Apr 15, Insulin became
generally available for diabetics.
(HN, 4/15/98)
1923 Apr 17, Harry Reasoner,
American broadcast journalist, was born in Dakota City, Iowa.
(HN, 4/17/98)(MC, 4/17/02)
1923 Apr 18, The first game was
played in Yankee Stadium. The Yankees defeated the Boston Red Sox 4-1.
Babe Ruth hit a three-run homer as the Yankees beat the Red Sox 4-1.
The stadium was called the House that Ruth built.
(AP, 4/18/98)(WSJ, 10/12/99, p.A24)(HN, 4/18/01)
1923 Apr 18, Poland annexed
Central Lithuania.
(MC, 4/18/02)
1923 Apr 20, Tito Puente,
bandleader, was born.
(HN, 4/20/98)
1923 Apr 21, John Mortimor,
British barrister and playwright, was born. He created Rumpole of the
Bailey.
(HN, 4/21/99)
1923 Apr 23, Lady Elizabeth
(Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, 1900-2002) married Prince Albert, Duke of York
(d.1952) in Westminster Abbey. Albert was crowned King of England in
1937. [see Apr 26]
(SFC, 8/5/00, p.A12)(WSJ, 8/10/00, p.A16)(SSFC,
3/31/02, p.A3)
1923 Apr 24, Colonel Jacob Schick
patented Schick razors.
(MC, 4/24/02)
1923 Apr 25, Anita Bjorak, actress
(Miss Julie, Loving Couples, Night People), was born.
(SS, 4/25/02)
1923 Apr 25, Melissa Hayden,
ballerina (1961 Silver Bowl), was born in Toronto, Canada.
(SS, 4/25/02)
1923 Apr 25, Albert King, blues
singer/guitar (Bad Look Blues), was born in Mississippi.
(SS, 4/25/02)
1923 Apr 26, English prince Albert
(George VI) married lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon. [see Apr 23]
(MC, 4/26/02)
1923 May 1, Joseph Heller
(d.1999), American author, was born in Bkln, NY. His work included the
novel "Catch 22."
(HN, 5/1/99)(SFC, 12/14/99, p.A10)(MC, 5/1/02)
1923 May 2, Lieutenants Okaley
Kelly and John Macready took off from New York for the West Coast on
what would become the first successful nonstop transcontinental flight.
(HN, 5/2/02)
1923 May 3, The
1st non-stop flight across the US was completed. Army lieutenants Kelly
and Macready arrived in San Diego from New York in 26 hours and 50
minutes.
(HFA, '96, p.30)(HN, 4/6/98)(NPub, 2002, p.10)
1923 May 4, In Vienna, Austria,
bloody street battles took place between Nazis, socialists and police.
(MC, 5/4/02)
1923 May 10, Geidar Aliev (Heydar
Aliyev, d.2003), later KGB general, Communist Party chief and
Azerbaijan president, was born in Nakhichevan.
(AP, 12/12/03)(SFC, 12/13/03, p.A20)
1923 May 15, Richard Avedon,
photographer, was born.
(HN, 5/15/01)
1923 May 25, John Weitz, spy,
author, fashion designer (Friends in High Places), was born.
(SC, 5/25/02)
1923 May 25, Britain recognized
Transjordan with Abdullah as its leader.
(SC, 5/25/02)
1923 May 26, James Arness, actor
(Gunsmoke), was born in Minneapolis, MN.
(HN, 5/26/01)(MC, 5/26/02)
1923 May 27, Henry Kissinger, US
Secretary of State (1973-77), was born. He became Sec. of State in the
Nixon administration, and won the 1973 Nobel Peace Prize for his
efforts to end the Vietnam War.
(HN, 5/27/99)(MC, 5/27/02)
1923 May 28, US Attorney General
said it is legal for women to wear trousers anywhere.
(MC, 5/28/02)
1923 May 28, US unemployment was
nearly ended.
(MC, 5/28/02)
1923 May 29, Adolf Oberländer
German painter, died.
(SC, 5/29/02)
1923 May 30, Howard Hanson's 1st
Symphony "Nordic," premiered.
(MC, 5/30/02)
1923 Jun 3, In Italy, dictator
Benito Mussolini granted women the right to vote.
(HN, 6/3/98)
1923 Jun 4, Filippo Smaldone,
Italian priest, died. He provided education and assistance for the
death and founded the Congregation of the Salesian Sisters of the
Sacred Heart. In 2006 Pope Benedict XVI named him a saint.
(SFC, 10/16/06, p.A2)
1923 Jun 9, Brinks unveiled its
1st armored security vans.
(MC, 6/9/02)
1923 Jun 9, Bulgaria’s government
was overthrown by the military.
(HN 6/9/98)
1923 Jun 12, Harry Houdini freed
himself from a straight jacket while suspended upside down, 40 feet (12
m) above ground in NYC.
(MC, 6/12/02)
1923 Jun 13, The French set a
trade barrier between the occupied Ruhr and the rest of Germany.
(HN, 6/13/98)
1923 Jun 15, Dashiell Hammett
published his story "The Vicious Circle" in the Black Mask pulp
magazine under the pseudonym Peter Collinson.
(SFCM, 4/15/01, p.4)
1923 Jun 16, Sun Yat Sen founded a
military academy.
(MC, 6/16/02)
1923 Jun 19, "Moon Mullins", Comic
Strip, made its debut.
(DTnet, 6/19/97)
1923 Jun 20, Pres. Harding set out
on a 7,500-mile "Voyage of Understanding" through the northwest. The
57-year-old Harding, who suffered from heart disease, was so shaken by
breaking reports of corruption in his administration that he went on a
cross-country speaking tour to strengthen his position.
(SFC, 8/1/98, p.A19)(HN, 8/2/98)
1923 Jun 20, France announced it
would seize the Rhineland to assist Germany in paying her war debts.
(HN, 6/20/98)
1923 Jun 21, Marcus Garvey was
sentenced to 5 years for using mail to defraud.
(MC, 6/21/02)
1923 Jun 23, Air mail service
between SF and NYC was boosted with 50 new Douglas airplanes.
(SFC, 6/22/01, WBb p.8)
1923 Jun 24, Pope Pius XI spoke
against allies occupying Ruhrgebied.
(MC, 6/24/02)
1923 Jun 27, Paul F. Conrad,
cartoonist (Pulitzer 1964, 71, 84), was born in Cedar Rapids, Iowa.
(SC, 6/27/02)
1923 Jun 27, The first in-flight
refueling occurred over San Diego, Ca.
(NPub, 2002, p.10)
1923 Jun 27, Yugoslav Premier
Nikola Pachitch was wounded by Serb attackers in Belgrade.
(HN, 6/27/98)
1923 Jul 4, Jack Dempsey beat
Tommy Gibbon in 15 for the heavyweight boxing title.
(Maggio, 98)
1923 Jul 5, Edward Robeson Taylor
(b.1838), former mayor of San Francisco (1907-1910), died. Taylor, a
doctor and lawyer, had also served as dean of Hastings College of the
Law and was a founder of the Book Club of California as well as a
published poet.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Robeson_Taylor)
1923 Jul 6, Wojciech Jaruzelski,
Polish general, pres. (1989-90), was born.
(MC, 7/6/02)
1923 Jul 10, Jean Kerr (d.2003),
playwright and author, was born in Scranton, Pa. Her later books
included "Please Don’t Eat the Daisies."
(SFC, 1/7/03, p.A22)
1923 Jul 15, President Warren G.
Harding (d.Aug 2, 1923) tapped the golden spike of the $60 million
Alaskan Railway at Nenana.
(SSFC, 2/3/02, p.C9)
1923 Jul 17, James Purdy, writer
(Cabot Wright Begins), was born.
(HN, 7/17/01)
1923 Jul 20, In Mexico Francisco
Villa (aka Pancho Villa, b.1877) [Doroteo Arango], general and
revolutionist, died in an ambush. In c1999 Friedrich Katz of the Univ.
of Chicago published "The Life and Times of Pancho Villa." In 2001
Frank McLynn authored "Villa and Zapata."
(WUD, 1994, p.1593)(WSJ, 8/13/97, p.A12)(SFC,
5/5/99, p.A2)(WSJ, 8/21/01, p.A14)(MC, 7/20/02)
1923 Jul 22, Robert Dole, U.S.
Senator from Kansas (1969-95), was born. In 1996 he was a Republican
candidate for president of the United States.
(HN, 7/22/98)
1923 Jul 24, The Treaty of
Lausanne, which settled the boundaries of modern Greece and Turkey, was
concluded in Switzerland. It replaced the Treaty of Sevres and divided
the lands inhabited by the Kurds between Turkey, Iraq and Syria.
Article 39 allowed Turkish nationals to use any language they wished in
commerce, public and private meetings, and publications. The treaty
specifically protected the rights of the Armenian, Greek and Jewish
communities. The former provinces of Baghdad, Basra and Mosul were
lumped together to form Iraq. Both countries agreed to a massive
exchange of religious minorities. Christians were deported from Turkey
to Greece and Muslims from Greece to Turkey. In 2006 Bruce Clark
authored “Twice a Stranger: The Mass Expulsions that Forged Modern
Greece and Turkey.”
(WSJ, 3/20/97, p.A17)(AP, 7/24/97)(SSFC, 12/22/02,
p.A14)(Econ, 3/19/05, Survey p.9)(Econ, 10/14/06, p.50)(Econ, 12/9/06,
p.92)
1923 Jul 27, Pres. Harding
suffered an attack of food poisoning. His unskilled physician, with the
support of Mrs. Harding, treated the president with large doses of
purgatives, which worsened his heart condition.
(HN, 8/2/98)
1923 Jul 29, Albert Einstein spoke
on pacifism in Berlin.
(MC, 7/29/02)
1923 Jul, Officially sanctioned
chuck wagon racing started at the Calgary Stampede in Canada.
(SFEC, 6/25/00, p.T11)
1923 Aug 2, Following a return
trip form Alaska the 29th president of the United States, Warren G.
Harding (57), died in San Francisco at the Palace Hotel of a "stroke of
apoplexy." Not considered to have been a particularly intelligent man,
Harding owed his rise to political power to the driving ambition of his
wife, Florence Kling Harding. As president, the Ohio native was
troubled by scandals caused by his weakness for pretty women and a
tendency to place unscrupulous friends—called "The Ohio Gang"—in
positions of power. Graft, corruption and other scandals that led to
the suicides of two high Federal officials had begun to taint the
Harding Administration when the president suddenly died of a heart
attack, just before the Teapot Dome Scandal broke, the largest scandal
of his administration. In 1998 Carl Sferrazza Anthony published
"Florence Harding: The First Lady, The Jazz Age and the Death of
America’s Most Scandalous President." Vice President Calvin Coolidge
became president upon the death of Warren G. Harding.
(TMC, 1994, p.1923)(AP, 8/2/97)(SFEC, 3/1/98,
p.W27)(SFC, 8/1/98, p.A15,19)(HN, 8/2/98)(HN, 8/2/98)(HNQ, 12/7/98)
1923 Aug 2, Vice President Calvin
Coolidge went to bed at 9 p.m. at his father’s home in Plymouth,
Vermont, where he was enjoying a short vacation. It took several hours
for the news of President Warren G. Harding’s death in California to
reach the small town, but by 2 a.m., Coolidge was told that Harding was
dead. Traditionally, the president is sworn in by the chief justice of
the Supreme Court—but he slept 500 miles away. At 2:30 a.m. on August
3, 1923, Coolidge’s father, a notary public, administered the oath of
office to his son by the light of a kerosene lamp.
(HNPD, 8/3/98)
1923 Aug 3, Anne Klein, fashion
designer (Anne Klein II), was born.
(SC, 8/3/02)
1923 Aug 3, Calvin Coolidge was
sworn in as the 30th president of the United States, following the
death of Warren G. Harding.
(AP, 8/3/97)
1923 Aug 5, Richard G.
Kleindienst, one of the key officials who helped elect Richard Nixon to
the presidency in 1969, was born.
(HN, 8/5/98)
1923 Aug 10, Joaquin Sorolla y
Bastida (b.1863), Spanish impressionist painter, died in Cercedilla.
His work included “A View of Malaga.”
(WSJ, 10/29/04, p.A15)(www.britannica.com)
1923 Aug 12, Enrico Tiraboschi
became the 1st to swim English Channel westward.
(SC, 8/12/02)
1923 Aug 13, US Steel Corp.
initiated an 8-hour work day.
(MC, 8/13/02)
1923 Aug 13, The Turkish National
Congress selected Mustafa Kemal Pasha (Ataturk) as president.
(MC, 8/13/02)
1923 Aug 15, Simon Peres [Persky],
premier of Israel, was born in Belarus.
(www.ourcampaigns.com/CandidateDetail.html?CandidateID=30248)
1923 Aug 15, Eamon de Valera was
arrested in Irish Free State.
(MC, 8/15/02)
1923 Aug 17, Larry Rivers
(d.2002), painter and sculptor, was born in Bronx, NY, as Yitzroch
Grossberg.
(HN, 8/17/00)(SC, 8/12/02)(NW, 8/26/02, p.9)
1923 Aug 18, Jimmy Witherspoon,
blues singer, was born.
(HN, 8/18/00)
1923 Aug 19, Vilfredo Federico
Damaso Pareto (b.1848), French-Italian sociologist, economist and
philosopher, died. In 1906 he made the famous observation that 20% of
the population owned 80% of the property in Italy. This was later
generalized by Joseph M. Juran and others into the so-called Pareto
principle (also termed the 80-20 rule) and generalized further to the
concept of a Pareto distribution.
(WSJ, 3/8/08,
p.A7)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilfredo_Pareto)
1923 Aug 21, Chris Schenkel,
sportscaster (Monday Night Fights), was born in Biuppus, Ind.
(SC, 8/21/02)
1923 Aug 22, Paavo Nurmi of
Finland ran a world record mile (4:10.4).
(MC, 8/22/02)
1923 Aug 23, Richard Adler,
composer, songwriter (Damn Yankees, Pajama Game), was born.
(MC, 8/23/02)
1923 Aug 23, Wolfgang Sawallisch,
conductor (Vienna Symph 1960-70), was born in Munich, Germany.
(MC, 8/23/02)
1923 Aug 24, Kate Douglas Wiggin
(66), author (US kindergarten movement), died.
(www.online-literature.com/kate-wiggin/)
1923 Aug 29, Richard
Attenborough, actor, director (Gandhi, Young Winston), was born in
England.
(MC, 8/29/01)
1923 Aug 31, Mussolini's troops
occupied Korfu.
(MC, 8/31/01)
1923 Sep 1, Rocky Marciano, world
heavyweight boxing champion (1952-56), was born. He began boxing at the
relatively advanced age of 24, but rose to the heavyweight title in
1952 with a perfect record. He retained his crown for 7 years, winning
all six of his title defense prizefights, then retired undefeated in
1959.
(HN, 9/1/99)(MC, 9/1/02)(SC, 9/1/02)
1923 Sep 1, The Japanese cities of
Tokyo and Yokohama were devastated by the Great Kanto earthquake that
claimed 99,000-143,000 lives. The 7.9-8.3 quake off Tokyo's shoreline
killed some 99,300 people.
(AP,
9/1/97)(www.ig.utexas.edu/research/projects/eq/faq/world.htm)
1923 Sep 3, Mort Walker,
cartoonist (Beetle Bailey, Hi & Lois), was born.
(MC, 9/3/01)
1923 Sep 4, Noel Coward's revue
"London Calling," premiered in London.
(MC, 9/4/01)
1923 Sep 8, Seven of the 15 ships
of Destroyer Squadron 11 were wrecked on a rocky point on the
California Santa Barbara County coast. 23 sailors were killed.
(SFC, 9/9/98, p.D2)
1923 Sep 10, The Irish Free state
joined the League of Nations.
(MC, 9/10/01)
1923 Sep 10, In response to a
dispute with Yugoslavia, Mussolini mobilized Italian troops on Serb
front.
(HN, 9/10/98)
1923 Sep 11, ZR-1 (biggest active
dirigible) flew over NY's tallest skyscraper, Woolworth Tower.
(MC, 9/11/01)
1923 Sep 15, Gov. Walton (b.1881)
of Oklahoma declared a state of siege because of KKK terror. Walton was
elected governor in 1922 and impeached in 1923.
(www.cga.state.ct.us/2004/rpt/2004-R-0184.htm)
1923 Sep 17, Hank Williams, Sr.,
singer, songwriter and guitarist known for "Lonesome Blues" and "Your
Cheatin’ Heart," was born.
(HN, 9/17/98)
1923 Sep 17, In Berkeley, Ca., a
fire began in the Wildcat Canyon and in 2 hours engulfed 584
structures. 50 blocks were engulfed and over 6,000 people were left
homeless.
(SFC, 9/17/98, p.A20)(SFC, 10/16/99, p.C1)
1923 Sep 22, Marquess of Ripon,
game hunter, died, after shooting his 52nd grouse.
(MC, 9/22/01)
1923 Sep 26, Sir Aubrey Herbert
(b.1880), Englishman, died. He worked for Albania’s independence and
was twice offered the throne of Albania. He authored the WW 1 journal
“Mons, Anzac & Kut.”
(www.ku.edu/carrie/texts/world_war_I/Mons/mons.htm)(Econ, 12/18/04,
p.16)
1923 Sep 28, William Windom, actor
(Farmer's Daughter, Murder She Wrote), was born in NYC.
(MC, 9/28/01)
1923 Sep, The Int’l. Criminal
Police Commission (Interpol) formed in Vienna.
(www.exxun.com/ekio/io_interpol_2088.html)
1923 Oct 4, Charlton Heston III,
American actor, was born. His films included "10 Commandments," "Ben
Hur" and "Planet of Apes."
(HN, 10/4/98)(MC, 10/4/01)
1923 Oct 5, Philip Berrigan,
militant priest (Chicago 7), was born.
(MC, 10/5/01)
1923 Oct 13, Angora (Ankara)
became Turkey's capital.
(MC, 10/13/01)
1923 Oct 15, Italo Calvino
(d.1985), Italian novelist (Winter's Night a Traveler), was born in
Cuba.
(HN, 10/15/00)(MC, 10/15/01)(SSFC, 4/6/03, p.M4)
1923 Oct 16, Walt Disney and his
brother Roy O. Disney founded The Disney Company.
(MC, 10/16/01)(WSJ, 2/13/04, p.A8)
1923 Oct 16, John Harwood patented
a self-winding watch in Switzerland.
(MC, 10/16/01)
1923 Oct 20, Herschel Bernardi,
actor (Arnie, Voice of Charlie the Tuna, Front), was born.
(MC, 10/20/01)
1923 Oct 20, Philip Whalen
(d.2002), Zen Buddhist priest and SF Beat poet, was born in
Portland.
(SFC, 6/27/02, p.A19)
1923 Oct 24, Denise Levertov,
English poet, was born.
(HN, 10/24/00)
1923 Oct 25, The Teapot Dome
scandal came to public attention as Senator Thomas J. Walsh of Montana,
subcommittee chairman, revealed the findings of the past 18 months of
investigation. His case would result in the conviction of Harry F.
Sinclair of Mammoth Oil, and later Secretary of the Interior Albert B.
Fall, the first cabinet member in American history to go to jail. The
scandal, named for the Teapot Dome oil reserves in Wyoming, involved
Fall secretly leasing naval oil reserve lands to private companies. The
administration of President Warren G. Harding was rocked by the Elk
Hills Scandal-also known as the Teapot Dome Scandal or Oil Reserves
Scandal. In 1921 and 1922 Harding’s secretary of the interior, Albert
B. Fall secretly granted Mammoth Oil exclusive rights to California’s
Teapot Dome oil reserves and portions of the Elk Hills and Buena Vista
Hills reserves to American Petroleum, in exchange for some $300,000.
Supervision of the oil reserves had been transferred from the Navy to
the Department of the Interior in 1921. Fall was imprisoned for
accepting a bribe in the Elk Hills case and the Supreme court ruled
Harding’s transfer illegal.
(HN, 10/25/98)(HNQ, 4/19/99)
1923 Oct 27, Roy Lichtenstein
(d.1997), ‘pop art’ painter, was born.
(SFC, 9/30/97, p.A7)(HN, 10/27/00)
1923 Oct 29, "Runnin' Wild," which
introduced the Charleston dance, opened on Broadway.
(MC, 10/29/01)
1923 Oct 29, The Republic of
Turkey was proclaimed under Mustafa Kemal Ataturk. Turkey established
secular government under Mustafa Kemal Ataturk. He introduced the
policy known as Kemalism, which bars any mixing of religious and public
life. The country was predominantly Sunni Muslim.
(WSJ, 12/27/95, p. A-6)(SFC, 5/20/96, p.A-9)(WSJ,
8/27/96, p.A10)(HFA, '96, p.40)(AP, 10/29/97)
1923 Nov 1, Victoria de Los
Angeles, Spanish opera soprano, was born.
(HN, 11/1/00)
1923 Nov 1, Goodyear Tire and
Rubber Company bought the rights to manufacture Zeppelin dirigibles.
(HN, 11/1/98)
1923 Nov 2, US Navy aviator, H.J.
Brown, set new world speed record of 259 mph in a Curtiss racer.
(HN, 11/2/98)
1923 Nov 2, Bloody street fights
took place in Aachen. The pro-French separatists were driven out.
(MC, 11/2/01)
1923 Nov 4, Alfred Heineken, beer
brewer, was born.
(MC, 11/4/01)
1923 Nov 6, Col. Jacob Schick
patented the 1st electric shaver.
(MC, 11/6/01)
1923 Nov 6, European inflation
soared and one loaf of bread in Berlin was reported to be worth about
140 Billion German Marks. Germany suffered a terrible economic
inflation. Hyperinflation eventually made 4.2 trillion marks worth $1.
(MT, Fall ‘96, p.7)(HN, 11/6/98)(WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R42)
1923 Nov 8, Jack S. Kilby (d.2005)
was born in Jefferson City, Mo. In 2000 he received the Nobel Prize in
Physics for his invention of the microchip (1958).
(SFC, 12/11/00, p.A2)(SFC, 6/22/05, p.A5)
1923 Nov 8, Adolf
Schicklgruber (Hitler) launched his first attempt to seize power with a
failed coup in Munich, Germany, that came to be known as the Beer-Hall
Putsch. He proclaimed himself chancellor and Ludendorff dictator. After
the unsuccessful beerhall putsch, he wound up in jail writing "Mein
Kampf." Mein Kampf, was sub-titled Four-and-Half Years of Struggle
against Lies, Stupidity, and Cowardice. The Nazi dictator wrote much of
Mein Kampf (My Struggle) while in prison in 1923 and 1924 for
attempting to overthrow the German government. The work became the
bible of the Nazi Party and a blueprint for the Third Reich.
(TMC, 1994, p.1923)(AP, 11/8/97)(HN, 11/6/98)(HNQ,
5/5/99)
1923 Nov 9, Dorothy Dandridge,
actress, singer and dancer (Porgy and Bess), was born in Cleveland, Oh.
(MC, 11/9/01)
1923 Nov 9, James Schuyler, poet,
novelist and playwright, was born.
(HN, 11/9/00)
1923 Nov 11, Eternal flame was lit
for the tomb of unknown solder at the Arc de Triomphe, Paris.
(MC, 11/11/01)
1923 Nov 12, Adolf Hitler was
arrested for his Nov 8 attempted German coup.
(HN, 11/12/98)(MC, 11/12/01)
1923 Nov 18, Alan Shepard, the
first American astronaut in space, was born in East Derry, NH.
(HN, 11/18/98)(MC, 11/18/01)
1923 Nov 19, Oklahoma Governor
Walton was ousted by state senate for anti-Ku Klux Klan measures.
(HN, 11/19/98)
1923 Nov 20, Nadine Gordimer,
Nobel Prize-winning South African novelist, was born.
(HN, 11/20/00)
1923 Nov 20, Garrett Morgan
invented and patented a traffic signal.
(MC, 11/20/01)
1923 Nov 22, Pres. Coolidge
pardoned WW I German spy Lothar Witzke, who was sentenced to death.
(MC, 11/22/01)
1923 Nov 23, German army commander
Gen. Von Seeckt banned the NSDAP & KPD.
(MC, 11/23/01)
1923 Nov 25, Transatlantic
broadcasting from England to America for the first time.
(HN, 11/25/98)
1923 Nov 29, International
commission headed by American banker Charles Dawes was set up to
investigate the German economy.
(HN, 11/29/98)
1923 Dec 2, Maria M. Callas
(d.1977), opera singer (Norma, Traviata, Medea, Lucia, Tosca), was born
in NYC.
(MC, 12/2/01)(Internet)
1923 Dec 4, Cecil B. DeMille's 1st
version of "Ten Commandments" premiered.
(MC, 12/4/01)
1923 Dec 6, A presidential address
was broadcast on radio for the first time as President Coolidge spoke
to a joint session of Congress.
(AP, 12/6/97)
1923 Dec 13, Phillip Anderson,
physicist, was born.
(HN, 12/13/00)
1923 Dec 21, Nepal changed from
British protectorate to independent nation.
(MC, 12/21/01)
1923 Dec 28, George Bernard Shaw's
"St. Joan," premiered in NYC.
(MC, 12/28/01)
1923 Dec 28, Alexandre-Gustave
Eiffel (91), engineer (Eiffel Tower, Statue of Liberty), died.
(MC, 12/28/01)
1923 Dec 31, BBC began using the
Big Ben chime ID.
(MC, 12/31/01)
1923 Dec 31, The Sahara was
crossed by an automobile for the first time.
(HN, 12/31/98)
1923 Peter Joachim Frohlich was
born in Germany. He emigrated to the US in 1941 under the name Peter
Jack Gay. He later published "The Enlightenment: An Interpretation" in
2 volumes (1966-1969) and the 5-volume "The Bourgeois Experience:
Victoria to Freud." In 1998 he published the memoir "My German
Question: Growing Up in Nazi Berlin."
(SFEC, 11/1/98, BR p.4)
1923 Poet James Shuyler was born
in Chicago. In 1998 David Lehman published "The Last Avant-Garde: The
Making of the New York School of Poets."
(WSJ, 9/18/98, p.W8)
1923 Dr. Barnes set up an exhibit
of his collection of paintings in Philadelphia to introduce the
foundation that would house the art and promulgate his theories of art.
Critics ridiculed the paintings and Barnes closed the foundation to
everyone. It was not opened again until 1960. [see 1872-1951, Barnes]
(Civil., Jul-Aug., ‘95, p.84)
1923 Wassily Kandinsky (d.1944),
Russian artist credited with the invention of abstract art, created his
watercolor "Aquarelle Movementee." It sold in 1999 for $1.3 million.
(WSJ, 8/13/99, p.W10)
1923 Henri Matisse painted "The
Hindu Pose," where a topless woman posed cross-legged in the artist’s
Cote d’Azur apartment. The painting sold for $14.8 mil on 5/8/95.
(WSJ, 5/9/95, p.B-6)
1923 Picasso painted the portrait
"Olga Picasso," the Russian ballerina, who was his first wife.
(WSJ, 5/18/01, p.W8)
1923 Max Ernst created his
Surrealist work "Men Shall Know Nothing of This," a floating
conjunction of human nether parts.
(WSJ, 2/25/02, p.A17)
1923 Florine Stettheimer painted
"Portrait of Myself."
(WSJ, 7/18/95, p.A-12)
1923 Picasso painted "Olga," a
stunning pastel of his wife in a nice blue dress.
(WSJ, 4/26/96, p.A-13)
1923 Henry Ossawa Tanner,
African-American artist, painted "Two Disciples at the Tomb."
(WSJ, 8/8/00, p.A20)
1923 Photographers Edward Weston
(1886-1958) and Tina Modotti (1896-1942) set up shop in Mexico.
(WSJ, 3/12/97, p.A16)
1923 Elmer Rice wrote his play
"The Adding Machine."
(SFEC, 5/30/99, DB p.37)
1923 Jorge Luis Borges
(1899-1986), Argentine poet, published his first book of verse: "Fervor
de Buenos Aires."
(SFEC, 4/18/99, BR p.3)
1923 Robert Frost’s “New
Hampshire,” a Pulitzer Prize-winning volume of poems, included several
of his most well-known poems: "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening”
and “Census Taker.”
(PBS,
10/1/06)(www.famouspoetsandpoems.com/poets/robert_frost/poems/799)
1923 Marianne Moore (b.1887),
American poet, wrote the poem "Marriage." In 1998 her the book: "The
Selected letters of Marianne Moore" was edited by Bonnie Costello,
Celeste Goodridge and Cristanne Miller.
(WSJ, 1/8/98, p.A7)
1923 Ezra Pound wrote his poem:
"The pure products of America go crazy."
(SFC, 6/3/96, BR p.6)
1923 W.B. Yeats wrote his poem
"Leda and the Swan."
(SFEC, 10/31/99, BR p.7)
1923 Le Corbusier (1887-1965),
Swiss-French architect and writer, authored “Vers une architecture”
(Towards a New Architecture) (1923).
(www.kirjasto.sci.fi/lecorbu.htm)
1923 J.B.S. Haldane wrote
"Daedalus, or Science and the Future."
(NH, 4/97, p.6)
1923 Rudyard Kipling authored “The
Irish Guards in the Great War,” a history of the unit that his son
fought and died for in WW I.
(WSJ, 10/7/06, p.P12)
1923 Edwin Lefevre authored
"Reminiscences of a Stock Operator." It was fictional account based on
interviews with real-life trader Jesse Livermore.
(USAT, 7/16/03, p.2B)
1923 Felix Salten (1869-1945) a
Viennese Jew, wrote his antifascist allegory "Bambi, A Life in the
Woods." It was translated into English by Whittaker Chambers (28) and
published by Simon & Schuster in 1928. In 1942 it was made
into an animated Disney.
(WSJ, 10/14/97,
p.A22)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felix_Salten)
1923 P.G. Wodehouse (1881-1975)
authored "Leave It to Psmith."
(NW, 8/20/01, p.56)
1923 Charlotte Siepmann (d.1999 at
88) and C.K. Ogden authored "Meaning of Meaning," an early formulation
of the linguistic system that became known as Basic English.
(SFC, 10/9/99, p.A20)
1923 Frank Willard (1958) created
the Moon Mullins comic strip for the Chicago Tribune. The strip
continued with other artists following Willard’s death until 1991.
(SFC, 9/19/07, p.G6)
1923 Walt Disney began producing
his “Alice” comedies and continued with the series to 1927. Virginia
Davis (1919-2009), hired at age four, appeared in 13 of the “Alice”
films. These included “Alice’s Day at Sea,” “Alice the Peacemaker,” and
“Alice’s Wild West Show.” Disney and his Laugh-O-Gram company were
based in Kansas City, Ms., when the series began.
(SFC, 8/19/09, p.D5)
1923 Louis Armstrong recorded with
the King Oliver’s Creole Jazz Band: "King Oliver and His Creole Jazz
Band."
(WSJ, 1/3/95, p. 8)(SFC, 7/4/97, p.D9)
1923 Bessie Smith recorded her big
hit "Downhearted Blues."
(SFEC, 3/15/98, DB p.39)
1923 George Antheil used
synchronized piano rolls for his "Ballet Mechanique." The piece was
scored for 10 pianos and an airplane propeller. He later used the
principle of spreading a signal over many frequencies in a 1942 patent
that later became the basis for spread spectrum technology used in
modern wireless communications.
(WSJ, 2/21/97, p.B15B)(WSJ, 4/23/98, p.A16)
1923 Alban Berg composed his opera
"Wozzeck." [see 1926 premiere] It was based on a 1836 play by Georg
Buchner and featured the rhythmic speechsong called Sprechstimme.
Berg's opera was composed in 1925.
(WSJ, 2/19/97, p.A15)(SFC, 11/4/99, p.B1)
1923 Manuel de Falla composed
"Master Peter’s Puppet Show," (El Retablo de Maese Pedro). It was
intended as a puppet theater forged with the poet, Federico Garcia
Lorca.
(SFC, 8/25/97, p.E1)
1923 Darius Milhaud premiered "La
Creation du Monde" (the Creation of the World) with 19 members of the
Orchestre du Theatre du Champs-Elyssees. Fernand Leger designed the
décor and costumes. The jazz age ballet was created by Milhaud,
Blaise Cendrars and Jean Borlin.
(SFEM, 6/9/96, p.32)(SSFC, 1/7/01, p.T8)(Econ,
11/19/05, p.90)
1923 The Freer Gallery in
Washington was established as the nation’s national museum of Asian
art. The center of the collection was amassed by Charles Lang Freer
(1854-1919), a self-made railroad magnate living in Detroit.
(WSJ, 1/13/98, p.A20)(WSJ, 11/6/98, p.W10)(WSJ,
12/14/06, p.D6)
1923 The Clements Library opened
in Ann Arbor. Its first director was Randolph G. Adams. The library was
designed by Albert Kahn and was paid for by William L. Clements to
house his extensive book collection. The Univ. of Mich. agreed to pay
for its maintenance, staff salaries and fund acquisitions. It acquired
about this time the collection of Henry Vignaud, US Consul in Paris,
who had amassed a 50,000 piece collection of historic explorations and
discoveries.
(MT, Sum. ‘98, p.8)
1923 The 450-foot-long,
45-foot-tall "Hollywood" sign was erected on Mount Lee as a promotion
for the Hollywoodland subdivision in Beachwood Canyon, Ca. In 1949 the
"land" was dropped and the sign was declared a historical monument in
1973 and restored in 1978.
(SFC, 11/13/96, p.E5)
1923 Yankee stadium was built in
the Bronx of NYC.
(SFC, 5/26/96, T-8)
1923 The first suburban shopping
center opened, the Country Club Plaza, in Kansas City, Mo. It was built
in the architectural style of Seville, Spain.
(WSJ, 6/19/96, Adv. Supl)(WSJ, 11/13/96, p.B1)
1923 The Ojai Valley golf course
was constructed.
(SFEC, 10/13/96, p.T3)
1923 Francis Meynell, a British
book designer and publisher, founded Nonsuch Press with his wife Vera,
and friend David Garnett. The following year they brought out “The
Week-End Book,” a handbook for the rural explorer. The last edition was
published in 1955.
(WSJ, 6/3/06, p.P8)
1923 The Chocolate Manufacturers
Association was founded.
(WSJ, 11/25/03, p.B10)
1923 Irving Fisher, economist,
established the Number Institute, a company that would develop and sell
index numbers for measuring price levels and other economic data.
(WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R20)
1923 Amelia Earhart became the
16th woman to be issue a pilot’s license by the Federation Aeronautique
Internationale.
(ON, 12/07, p.8)
1923 Harry MacElhone (d.1958)
bought a bar in Paris at 5 rue Dannou behind the opera and named it
Harry’s New York Bar. It later became a hangout for the "Lost
Generation." His son, Andrew, (1923-1996) took over 1958. Andrew’s son
Duncan (d.1998 at 44) took over in 1989. Cocktails such as the French
75 (named after a WW I artillery piece), the Bloody Mary and the Side
Car were invented there.
(SFC, 9/20/96, p.A22)(SFC, 3/28/98, p.B12)
1923 Emile Coue taught everyone to
say "Every day in every way I’m getting better and better."
(TMC, 1994, p.1923)
1923 The Converse shoe company,
founded in 1908, renamed its All-Stars basketball shoe to Chuck Taylor
All-Star. In 2003 the company was sold to Nike.
(WSJ, 7/10/03, p.A6)(SFC, 12/10/04, p.D1)
1923 William Butler Yeats, Irish
poet, won the Nobel Prize in Literature.
(SFEC, 8/8/99, p.T6)
1923 The NY Yankees defeated the
New York Giants in the World Series 4 games to 2.
(SFC, 10/16/99, p.C1)
1923 The Lausanne Treaty provided
for the exchange of populations between Greece and Turkey, and Crete
was populated only by Greeks.
(WSJ, 3/20/97, p.A17)
1923 Silent Cal Coolidge took over
and the country pursued its prosperous, merry ways: rocking to the
Charleston, playing mah-jongg, reading Mencken, staggering through
dance marathons, making bathtub gin, getting tangled in a new-fangled
thing called Cellophane.
(TMC, 1994, p.1923)
1923 The US Supreme Court ruled
that the Constitution protects the right to "bring up children."
(SFEC, 7/27/97, Z1 p.6)
1923 The 682-foot Shenandoah was
built by the U.S. Navy. Two years later the dirigible broke apart in
mid-air, killing 14 persons aboard. The Los Angeles was built for the
Navy in Germany and delivered in 1924. The Akron was commissioned in
1931 and was, at the time, the world’s largest airship at 785 feet.
During a thunderstorm in 1933, the Akron was destroyed, killing 73 of
the 77 persons aboard.
(HNQ, 1/2/00)
1923 The US established a National
Oil Reserve near Prudhoe Bay, Alaska.
(Econ, 12/11/04, p.28)
1923 In South Dakota Gov. William
McMaster bought cut rate gas from a Chicago distributor and began
selling it at a state depot for 16 cents a gallon. Standard Oil was
charging 26.6 cents (equal to about $3.16 in 2008), which he called
“highway robbery.” Standard oil cut its price to 16.6 cents and other
states began to demand the same price. McMaster and Standard eventually
negotiated a price of 20 cents a gallon.
(WSJ, 3/31/08, p.B1)
1923 Doane Robinson, the aging
superintendent of the South Dakota State Historical Society, proposed a
massive mountain memorial carved from stone so large it would put South
Dakota on the map.
(www.ohranger.com/mount-rushmore/making-mount-rushmore)
1923 Special Indian Commissioner
H.J. Hagerman organized the first Navajo Tribal Council which gave him
power to act for them in auctioning oil leases.
(SFEC, 5/4/97, z1 p.4)
1923 The city of Berkeley Ca.,
under town marshal Gus Vollmer, introduced the use of lie-detector
machines.
(SFC, 4/29/08, p.A1)
1923 Florida took delivery of its
first and only electric chair to execute convicts.
(SFEC, 3/22/98, p.A26)
1923 Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle, film
comedian, was acquitted after 3 trials of the 1921 murder of actress
Virginia Rappe.
(SFC, 5/6/03, p.A17)
1922 Earle C. Anthony, a Los
Angeles Packard dealer, commissioned from France the 1st neon signs in
the US for his dealership.
(SFEC, 8/13/00, p.T6)
1923 Porter Blanchard (1886-1973),
a Massachusetts silversmith, moved to Burbank, Ca. He soon opened a
studio featuring silver and pewter work that became part of the
California Arts and Crafts movement.
(SFC, 5/9/07, p.G7)
1923 The American Cotton Oil
Company sold the cotton-seed oil business and formed Gold Dust Corp., a
soap maker.
(WSJ, 5/28/96, p. R-45)
1923 Caleb Bradham sold the
Pepsi-Cola trademark and business for $35,000. He was forced into
bankruptcy after sugar prices plummeted from 22 ½ cents a pound
to 3 ½ cents.
(SFC, 2/18/98, p.B2)
1923 Barney Pressman pawned his
wife's wedding ring in NYC to lease a Seventh Ave. store selling
discounted men's suits. In 1993 Barney's opened a $270 million Madison
Ave. showcase store.
(WSJ, 2/11/04, p.B1)
1923 Alfred P. Sloan Jr.
(1875-1966), a ball-bearing magnate, became president of a troubled GM
and brought in corporate management and tight financial controls. He
introduced the ideas of model changes and offering a car "for every
purse and purpose."
(WSJ, 6/19/96, Adv. Supl)(WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R42)(Econ,
6/6/09, p.61)
1923 The Warner Brothers, Harry,
Albert, Sam and Jack, incorporated and produced their film "The Gold
Diggers."
(SFC, 7/8/98, p.D4)
1923 Wells Fargo merged with Union
Trust Company and stayed solvent through the depression.
(SFC, 6/9/98, p.A10)
1923 The Alaska Railroad was
completed and opened Denali National Park to the public.
(SFEC, 2/9/97, p.T6)
1923 Benz & Cie introduced a
diesel truck with a 50-horsepower engine.
(WSJ, 1/14/05, p.W10)
1923 The Army proved a point when
Lieutenants Kelly and Macready flew the first non-stop continental
flight from New York to San Diego.
(HN, 3/17/98)
1923 Edwin Hubble used the
100-inch telescope at Mt. Wilson to establish that the Milky Way is
only one of many galaxies in the universe. He was able to resolve
individual stars of the Andromeda galaxy.
(JST-TMC,1983, p.8)(NH, 11/96, p.78)
1923 Arthur Compton, American
physicist, discovered the Compton effect where a high energy quantum
will eject an electron from an atom and rebound with less energy (a
higher wavelength).
(SCTS, p.49)
1923 Dutch physicist Dirk Coster
(1889-1950) and Hungarian chemist George Charles de Hevesy (1889-1966)
found element 72, Hafnium. It was identified in zircon (a zirconium
ore) from Norway, by means of X-ray spectroscopic analysis. It was
named in honor of the city in which the discovery was made, from the
Latin name "Hafnia" meaning "Copenhagen."
(www.chemistryexplained.com/elements/C-K/Hafnium.html)(http://tinyurl.com/kj24t)
1923 Dr. Vladimir Zworykin
invented the iconoscope, a necessary component of television.
(SFC, 12/28/99, p.C4)
1923 Diphtheria was reported to
have been transmitted by an accidental needle stick.
(SFC, 4/13/98, p.A6)
1923 Commercial mining of
vermiculite, a mineral used for insulation and the leavening of garden
soil, began in Libby, Montana.
(SFC, 5/9/09, p.A6)
1923 A group of scientists
successfully petitioned the governor of the Panama Canal Zone to set
aside Barro Colorado Island for scientific research. It became one of
the first protected tropical forests in the world. In 1946 The
Smithsonian was designated as its manager.
(Smith., 5/95, p.10)
1923 Andre Malraux, while doing
archeological research in Cambodia, was arrested for dislodging 7 heads
from a temple with a handsaw, a chisel and crowbar.
(WSJ, 7/3/97, p.A9)
1923 J. Harlen Bretz, American
geologist, discovered that the strange geology the Scablands in Eastern
Washington state were a result of huge floods. He was unable to
identify the source of the flooding. "Fully 3,000 sq. miles of the
Columbia Plateau were swept by a glacial flood."
(Smith., 4/1995, p.51-52)
1923 Violence exploded in a north
Florida black community of 120 people as a white mob tried to string up
a black man for information on an alleged rape. At least 6 black and 2
white died and almost every building was burned. Nine survivors won a
$2 million settlement in 1995.
(SFC, 9/24/97, p.C2)
1923 Roy Chapman Andrews made his
Gobi Desert expedition and discovered the Ukhaa Tolgod basin of
Mongolia with fossils from the late Cretaceous, i.e. 80 Million ago.
(THM, 4/27/97, p.L4)
1923 Francois Flameng (b.1856),
French painter, died. He painted imagined scenes from the domestic life
of Napoleon Bonaparte.
(MT, Fall/03, p.13)
1923 Albania's Sunni Muslims
broke ties with Constantinople and pledged primary allegiance to native
country.
(www, Albania, 1998)
1923 Britain’s King George V chose
Stanley Baldwin (1867-1947) for the premiership instead of George
Curzon.
(WSJ, 6/11/03, p.D10)(ON, 11/05,
p.2)(www.number-10.gov.uk/output/Page137.asp)
1923 Pablo Neruda was appointed as
Chile’s consul to Burma.
(SFC, 7/15/04, p.E11)
1923 In Shanghai the Hong Kong and
Shanghai Banking Corp., the 2nd largest banking institution in the
world, erected a new office building.
(SFCM, 3/20/05, p.25)
1923 In Egypt Arab feminists
returned from a women’s conference in Rome and dumped their head
coverings at the Cairo train station. A whole generation was inspired
to follow suit.
(WSJ, 5/1/97, p.A1)
1923 Coco Chanel launched Chanel
No. 5 perfume in Paris.
(WSJ, 10/13/03, p.B1)
1923 In Germany the Berlin
Tempelhof Airport was opened. Its 3-story brick terminal was completed
in 1929 and is considered the first modern airport terminal.
(Hem., 5/97, p.68)
1923 German researchers Franz
Fischer and Hans Tropsch, working at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute,
developed a process for converting coal to gas, which was then used to
make synthetic fuels.
(WSJ, 8/16/06,
p.A12)(www.encyclopedia.com/html/F/FischerT1.asp)
1922 Carl Wieselsberger, German
physicist, described a method of suspending models on an airstream,
i.e. the ground effect.
(Econ, 9/8/07, TQ
p.12)(http://naca.central.cranfield.ac.uk/citations/cit.html)
1923 Iraq's Department of
Antiquities was established along with Baghdad’s Iraq Museum.
(SSFC, 5/18/03, p.D3)(NH, 6/03, p.44)
1923 Japan’s Norinchukin Bank was
set up as a quasi-public institution to manage the deposits of millions
of farmers, fisherman and forest workers. By 2006 it was Japan’s 4th
largest commercial bank with assets of $525 billion.
(Econ, 2/18/06, p.72)
1923 Tamara Geva (d.1991), Russian
ballet dancer, married George Balanchine, ballet choreographer. The
couple traveled to East Prussia in 1924 with the Soviet State Dancers
and then defected to Paris where they joined Sergei Diaghilev and the
Ballet Russes.
(SFC,12/13/97, p.A23)(Econ, 4/12/08, p.94)
1923 In Saudi Arabia King Fahd was
born in Riyadh.
(WP, 6/29/96, p.A20)(NW, 11/26/01, p.SAS)
1923 In Thailand the Bangkok Snake
Farm was established to help Thais co-exist with native poisonous
snakes. Venom was harvested to produce antivenin. It is the 2nd oldest
such farm in the world. An older one was in Brazil.
(SFEC, 3/15/98, p.T5)
1923 In Turkey Mustafa Kemal
Ataturk formed the pro-secular Republican People’s Party (CHP).
(Econ, 5/3/08, p.61)
1923-1924 Frances and Robert Flaherty, who made the
documentary "Nanook of the North," settled in Samoa to make the
silent-film classic "Moana: A Romance of the Golden Age."
Samoa
(WSJ, 7/3/96, p.A8)
1923-1925 Mina Loy wrote her autobiographical work:
"Anglo-Mongrels and the Rose."
(SFEC, 12/22/96, BR p.6)
1923-1925 George Antheil composed his "Jazz Symphony."
(WSJ, 6/16/98, p.A17)
1923-1928 Gilbert Murray (b.1866), Australian born
scholar served as the chairman of the League of Nations.
(HN, 1/2/99)
1923-1929 Calvin Coolidge became the 30th President
of the US. He was elected Vice-President under Harding in 1921, and
assumed the presidency upon Harding’s sudden death.
(A&IP, ESM, p.96b, photo, 153)
1923-1939 The Fraunfelter China Co. operated in
Zanesville, Ohio, during most of this period. Charles Fraunfelter
opened the business when he purchased Ohio Pottery, where he had worked
since 1915.
(SFC, 12/21/05, p.G6)
1923-1963 Arthur "Pop" Harris worked the numbers to
compile the Dow Jones averages every hour on the hour over this time.
(WSJ, 5/28/96, p. R-26)
Go to 1924-1925