Timeline 1946
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1946
Jan 1, Kathleen Casey became the first official US
baby boomer following her birth just after midnight. On Oct 15, 2007,
Kathleen Casey-Kirschling became the first baby boomer to make an early
filing for Social Security benefits.
(SFC, 10/16/07, p.A8)
1946 Jan 1, In Japan Emperor
Hirohito rejected the notion that the emperor is a living god and the
notion that the Japanese are superior to other races and destined to
govern the world.
(AM, Mar/Apr 97 p.36)(MC, 1/1/02)
1946 Jan 3, John Paul Jones
(Baldwin) musician, was born: bass: film score: Scream for Help; group:
Led Zeppelin: Whole Lotta Love, Moby Dick, Ramble On, Immigrant Song,
Since I’ve Been Loving You, Black Dog, Rock & Roll, The Battle of
Evermore, Stairway to Heaven.
(440 Int'l. 1/3/99)
1946 Jan 3, Don May basketball
player, was born: Univ. of Dayton, Indiana Pacers.
(440 Int'l. 1/3/99)
1946 Jan 3, President Truman
called on Americans to spur Congress to act on the on-going labor
crisis.
(HN, 1/3/99)
1946 Jan 3, William Joyce, (Lord
Haw Haw), was hanged in Britain for treason. He had broad-cast for the
Nazis to British and American fighting troops. In 2005 Nigel Farndale
authored “Haw-Haw: The Tragedy of William and Margaret Joyce.”
(www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/William-Joyce)(Econ, 7/30/05, p.77)
1946 Jan 5, Diane Keaton, actress
(Annie Hall, Little Drummer Girl), was born in LA.
(MC, 1/5/02)
1946 Jan 6, Ho Chi Minh won North
Vietnamese elections.
(HN, 1/6/99)
1946 Jan 8, President Truman vowed
to stand by the Yalta accord on self-determination for the Balkans.
(HN, 1/8/99)
1946 Jan 8-9, The Baltic Camp
University was founded in Germany by 40 Estonian, Latvian and
Lithuanian scientists in Hamburg and Pinneberg. It operated for 3
½ years, with classes over 9 semesters.
(DrEE, 9/21/96, p.3)
1946 Jan 10, The first manmade
contact with the moon was made as the US Army bounced radar signals off
the lunar surface from Belmar, NJ.
(www.infoage.org/nyt-01-25-1946p1.html)(AP, 1/10/06)
1946 Jan 10, The first General
Assembly of the United Nations convened in London.
(AP, 1/10/98)
1946 Jan 10, Chiang Kai-shek and
the Yenan Communist forces halted fighting in China.
(HN, 1/10/99)
1946 Jan 11, Naomi (Diane) Judd,
Grammy Award-winning singer: duo: The Judds, was born: Why Not Me, Have
Mercy, LP: Heartland; mother of singers, Wynonna, Ashley-actress.
(MC, 1/11/02)
1946 Jan 17, The United Nations
Security Council held its first meeting.
(AP, 1/17/98)
1946 Jan 18, Katia Ricclarelli,
opera soprano (Met Opera), (Falstaff, Othello, Turandot), was born.
(MC, 1/18/02)
1946 Jan 19, Dolly Rebecca Parton,
country singer (Dolly, 9 to 5), was born in Sevierville, Ten.
(MC, 1/19/02)
1946 Jan 19, The first complaint
heard by the United Nations Security Council was made by Iran and
directed against the Soviet Union. Iran alleged Soviet interference in
its internal affairs and the refusal to remove Soviet troops from
Iranian territory. The very first session of the UN had begun just days
earlier, on January 10, 1946, in London. The issue was resolved
without UN intervention.
(HNQ, 6/2/00)
1946 Jan 20, France's Charles
DeGaulle handed in his resignation.
(HN, 1/20/99)
1946 Jan 22, President Truman set
up the Central Intelligence Group. In late 1945 he had coordinated
various intelligence reform plans considered in the drafting of the
directive that cre-ated the CIG. In 1947 it was re-named the Central
Intelligence Agency (CIA).
(http://tinyurl.com/l3go2n)
1946 Jan 24, The UN established
the International Atomic Energy Commission.
(HN, 1/24/99)
1946 Jan 25, The United Mine
Workers rejoined the American Federation of Labor (AFL).
(AP, 1/25/98)
1946 Jan 26, Gene Siskel (d.1999)
was born in Chicago. He later achieved recognition as movie
critic with his counterpart Roger Ebert. Siskel and Ebert were first
paired together in 1975 for a local PBS show called "Opening Soon at a
Theater Near You."
(SFEC, 2/20/99, p.D8)
1946 Jan 28, Helene Schjerfbeck
(b.1862), Finnish painter, died. Her work included a 5 paint-ing series
of self-portraits that represented herself at various ages.
(Econ, 11/24/07,
p.91)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helene_Schjerfbeck)
1946 Jan 30, The 1st issue of
Franklin Roosevelt dime.
(MC, 1/30/02)
1946 Jan 31, The UN Security
Council voted to allow Iran and the Soviet Union to settle their
dispute by direct negotiation.
(G&M, 1/31/96, p.A-2)
1946 Feb 1, A press conference for
what is considered the first computer, the Electronic Nu-merical
Integrator and Calculator (ENIAC), was held at the University of
Pennsylvania. The ma-chine took up an entire room, weighed 30 tons and
used more than 18,000 vacuum tubes to perform functions such as
counting to 5,000 in one second. ENIAC, costing $450,000, was de-signed
by the U.S. Army during World War II to make artillery calculations.
The development of ENIAC paved the way for modern computer
technology--but even today's average calculator possesses more
computing power than ENIAC did. John Mauchley and John "Pres" Eckert
su-pervised the project. In 1999 Scott McCartney published "ENIAC: The
Triumphs and Tragedies of the World's First Computer."
(HN, 2/2/99)(WSJ, 6/30/99, p.A24)(SFEC, 8/29/99, BR
p.5)
1946 Feb 1, Norwegian statesman
Trygve Lie was chosen to be the first secretary-general of the United
Nations.
(AP, 2/1/97)
1946 Feb 1, Yugoslavia and Hungary
declared themselves republics.
(G&M, 2/1/96, p.A-2)
1946 Feb 2, Norwegian Foreign
Minister Trygve Lie was confirmed in the post of UN Secre-tary-General.
(G&M, 2/2/96, p.A-2)
1946 Feb 4, Garson Kanin's "Born
Yesterday," premiered in NYC.
(MC, 2/4/02)
1946 Feb 4, The first Mormons left
Nauvoo, Ill., and crossed the Mississippi River heading toward Utah.
(AH, 2/06, p.14)
1946 Feb 8, Premier Salazar of
Portugal forbade opposition parties.
(MC, 2/8/02)
1946 Feb 9, Stalin announced the
new five-year plan for the USSR, calling for production boosts of 50
percent.
(HN, 2/9/97)
1946 Feb 13, Rainer Werner
Fassbinder, German director, actor, was born.
(MC, 2/13/02)
1946 Feb 15, The ENIAC, Electronic
Numerical Integrator and Computer, had its official un-veiling. It was
created by John Mauchly and Presper Eckert. The first test problem it
solved was concerned with the trajectory of a 155-millimeter shell. The
problem was programmed by Jean Bartik and Betty Holberton who were part
of an all-woman team that had performed the calcula-tions by hand. The
US Army had chosen 6 women, including Frances Holberton (d.2001 at 84),
to program Eniac. Ms. Holberton later created the C-10 instruction code
for the Univac using keyboard commands rather than dials and switches.
(WSJ, 11/15/96,
p.B1)(www.thocp.net/hardware/eniac.htm)(SFC, 12/12/01, p.A27)
1946 Feb 15, Royal Canadian
mounted police arrested 22 as Soviet spies.
(HN, 2/15/98)
1946 Feb 16, The 1st commercially
designed helicopter was tested at Bridgeport, Ct.
(MC, 2/16/02)
1946 Feb 21, Alan Rickman, actor
(Robin Hood Prince of Thieves, Rasputin, Die Hard), was born.
(MC, 2/21/02)
1946 Feb 21, Anti-British
demonstrations took place in Egypt.
(MC, 2/21/02)
1946 Feb 22, George Kennan
(1904-2005) sent his “Long Telegram,” actually 5 separate ca-bles, from
Moscow to the US State Dept. in Washington explaining that the Soviet
regime was among other things fundamentally insecure, opposed to the
US, and held designs on the world for violent destabilization.
(Econ, 3/26/05, p.85)
1946 Feb 23, Anti-British
demonstration in India drew a crowd of 300,000.
(HN, 2/23/98)
1946 Feb 23, Japanese General
Tomoyuki Yamashita was hanged in Manila, the Philippines, after being
found guilty by a US military commission of war crimes.
(AH, 2/06, p.15)
1946 Feb 24, Argentinians went to
the polls to elect Juan D. Peron (50) their president. He held the
office until 1955.
(PCh, 1992, p.899)(AP, 2/24/08)
1946 Feb 26, A race riot in
Columbia, TN, killed 2 people and 10 wounded.
(SC, 2/26/02)
1946 Feb 28, The U.S. Army
declared that it would use the V-2 rocket to test radar as an atomic
rocket defense system.
(HN, 2/28/98)
1946 Mar 1, British Government
took control of Bank of England, after 252 years.
(SC, 3/1/02)
1946 Mar 1, Panama accepted its
new constitution.
(SC, 3/1/02)
1946 Mar 2, Kingman Douglass
became deputy director of CIA.
(SC, 3/2/02)
1946 Mar 2, Dutch troops landed on
East Bali.
(SC, 3/2/02)
1946 Mar 2, Ho Chi Minh was
elected president of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam.
(HN, 3/2/99)
1946 Mar 5, Winston Churchill
appeared as Pres. Truman’s guest at Westminster College in Fulton, Mo.
and delivered his "Sinews Of Peace" speech later known as the "Iron
Curtain Speech:" "From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the
Adriatic, an iron Curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind
that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and
Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest and Sofia, all
these famous cities and the populations around them lie in ... the
Soviet sphere."
(SFEC, 3/30/97, p.T5)(AP, 3/5/98)
1946 Mar 6, France recognized
Vietnam statehood within the Indo-Chinese federation.
(MC, 3/6/02)
1946 Mar 8, The 1st helicopter
licensed for commercial use was in NYC.
(MC, 3/8/02)
1946 Mar 8, Frederick William
Lanchester (b.1868) died in England. He was a major contribu-tor to the
theory and practice of automobile engineering and aeronautical
engineering. He also published works in radio, acoustics, relativity,
music and poetry.
(http://www.lanchester.com/Lanc1.html)
1946 Mar 12, Patricia Hampl, poet
and memoirist (A Romantic Education, Virgin Time), was born.
(HN, 3/12/01)
1946 Mar 12, Liza Minnelli,
actress and singer, was born. She was the daughter of actress Judy
Garland and director Vincente Minnelli.
(SFEC, 1/26/97 Par, p.22)
1946 Mar 15, British premier
Attlee agreed with India's right to independence.
(MC, 3/15/02)
1946 Mar 16, Erik Estrada, actor
(CHiPs, Cross & Switchblade, Lightblast), was born in NYC.
(MC, 3/16/02)
1946 Mar 21, The United Nations
set up temporary headquarters at Hunter College in New York City.
(AP, 3/21/97)
1946 Mar 22, First U.S. built
rocket to leave the earth’s atmosphere reached a 50-mile height.
(HN, 3/22/97)
1946 Mar 22, The British mandate
in Transjordan came to an end. Britain signed a treaty granting
independence to Jordan.
(AP, 3/22/97)(HN, 3/22/97)
1946 Mar 23, W. Averell Harriman
was chosen as the U.S. Ambassador to Britain.
(HN, 3/23/98)
1946 Mar 23, Gilbert N. Lewis
(b.1875), UC Berkeley chemist, died in his lab while working on an
experiment with liquid hydrogen cyanide. In 1916 Lewis discovered the
covalent bond.
(SFC, 8/5/06,
p.B5)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilbert_N._Lewis)
1946 Mar 30, The Allies seized
1,000 Nazis who were attempting to revive the Nazi party in Frankfurt.
(HN, 3/30/98)
1946
Apr 1, Weight Watchers was formed.
(OTD)
1946 Apr 1, A U.S. mine worker
strike idled 400,000 miners.
(HN, 4/1/98)
1946 Apr 1, Two large earthquakes
shook the Scotch Cap Lighthouse on Unimak Island, Alaska. A resulting
tsunami washed away the lighthouse. The Aleutian Islands earthquake
also triggered a Pacific-wide tsunami that killed 165 people and caused
over $26 million in damages. Tidal waves struck the Hawaiian islands,
resulting in more than 170 deaths. 91 people were killed in Hilo.
(AP, 4/1/98)(Ind, 6/8/02, 5A)(SSFC, 8/25/02,
p.C14)(SFC, 4/1/09, p.D8)
1946 Apr 3, Lt. General Masaharu
Homma, the Japanese commander responsible for the 65-mile Bataan Death
March, was executed outside Manila in the Philippines.
(AP, 4/3/97)
1946 Apr 5, Vincent Millie Youmans
(47), US composer (Tea For Two), died.
(MC, 4/5/02)
1946 Apr 8, The
League of Nations assembled in Geneva for its last session.
(AP, 4/8/08)
1946 Apr 12, Syria gained
independence from France.
(MC, 4/12/02)
1946 Apr 16, On opening day for
Baseball in Boston with the Braves vs. the Brooklyn Dodg-ers, the newly
painted seats had not yet dried when guests seated themselves. The
Braves management picked up the cleaning tab for all.
(SFEC, 4/6/97, Z1 p.5)
1946 Apr 16, 1st US launch of
captured V-2 rocket was at White Sands, NM. It reached 8 km.
(MC, 4/16/02)
1946 Apr 17, The last French
troops left Syria.
(HN, 4/17/98)
1946 Apr 18, Jackie Robinson
debuted as 2nd baseman for the Montreal Royals.
(MC, 4/18/02)
1946 Apr 18, US recognized Tito's
Yugoslavia govt.
(MC, 4/18/02)
1946 Apr 18, The League of Nations
was dissolved.
(AHD, 1971, p.744)(AP, 4/18/97)(HN, 4/18/98)
1946 Apr 19, Tim Curry, actor
(Rocky Horror Show), was born in Cheshire, England.
(MC, 4/19/02)
1946 Apr 20, 1st baseball game
telecast was in Chicago with the Cards vs. Cubs.
(MC, 4/20/02)
1946 Apr 21, John M. Keynes (62),
English economist, died. He had recently negotiated a loan from
the US to keep Britain afloat. One condition of the $5 billion loan was
that Britain make sterling fully convertible into dollars.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Maynard_Keynes)(WSJ, 6/20/08, p.A11)
1946 Apr 22, Harlan Fiske Stone
(1872-1946), Chief Justice on the US Supreme Court, died.
(www.oyez.org/oyez/resource/legal_entity/73/)
1946 Apr 22, Dectuplets were born
in Bacacay, Brazil, 8 males and 2 females.
(MC, 4/22/02)
1946 Apr 24, The Chief of Naval
Operations, Admiral Chester W. Nimitz, ordered the estab-lishment of
the Blue Angels team. In 1985 funding for the program was $4.2
million, about half the cost of replacements for the two A-4 jets. By
2005 21 pilots died during Angels shows. Navy officials said the
super-trained unit and its dazzling displays are valuable in attracting
young and talented recruits into the Navy and Air Force. By 2009 on the
average, one F/A-18 used ap-proximately 8,000 pounds or 1,300 gallons
of JP-5 jet fuel at a cost of roughly $1,378. Fat Al-bert, which
transports the crew to shows, holds 46,000 pounds of fuel.
(www.navy.com/about/navylife/onduty/blueangels/faq/)(http://tinyurl.com/ydn8pes)
1946 Apr 25, Talia Shire, actress
(Adrienne-Rocky, Godfather), was born in Lake Success, NY.
(SS, 4/25/02)
1946 Apr 25, A train crash at
Napierville, Illinois, killed 45-48. The "Exposition Flyer" was rammed.
(SS, 4/25/02)
1946 Apr 26, Popular music of the
day included: "Oh, What It Seemed to Be" by the Frankie Carle Orchestra
with Marjorie Hughes; "Personality" by Johnny Mercer; "Day by Day" by
Frank Sinatra; and "Guitar Polka" by Al Dexter.
(440 Int’l. Internet, 4/26/97, p.1)
1946 Apr 27, 1st radar
installation aboard a commercial ship was installed.
(MC, 4/27/02)
1946 Apr 28, Allies indicted
Hideki Tojo, former premier and war minister of Japan, with 55 counts
of war crimes. The International Military Tribunal for the Far East
meted out justice to Japanese war criminals at locations throughout
Asia.
(AP, 11/12/97)(HN, 4/28/98)
1946 Apr 28, Kazue Katz became the
1st Japanese woman to marry an American following WW II. Her marriage
to Sgt. Frederick Katz in Tokyo required 29 endorsements.
(SFC, 12/9/05, p.F6)
1946 Apr 28, Domenico Leccisi
(d.2008 at 88) and 2 other Italians marked the first anniver-sary of
the death of Mussolini by digging up his body in a Milan cemetery. They
passed the body to 2 monks, who buried it in a nearby monastery. The
theft sparked a nationwide manhunt for the group. The body was later
returned for burial in Predappio, Mussolini’s birthplace.
(SFC, 11/5/08, p.B15)
1946 Apr 29, In Japan 28 former
leaders were indicted in Tokyo as war criminals; seven ended up being
sentenced to death.
(HN, 4/29/98)(AP, 4/29/07)
1946 Apr, George Orwell
(1903-1950), English author and journalist, published his essay
“Politics and the English Language.”
(www.orwell.ru/library/essays/politics/english/e_polit)
1946 Apr, The British Labour
government authorized a mission to visit suitable sites in its
Tanganyika colony to cultivate groundnuts. The British Labour
government of Clement Attlee had come up with a plan to cultivate
tracts of what later became Tanzania with peanuts in a plan that came
to be called the Tanganyika Groundnut Scheme. It was abandoned at
considerable cost to the taxpayers when it did not become profitable.
(AP,
6/1/09)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanganyika_groundnut_scheme)
1946 Apr, In Japan the Tokyo War
Crimes Trial began. Gen’l. Matsui Iwane, one of the mili-tary leaders
of the 1937 "Rape of Nanking" was convicted and hung. [see May 3, 1946]
(WSJ, 12/29/97, p.A9)
1946 May 2, Prisoners revolted at
California’s Alcatraz prison.
(HN, 5/2/98)
1946 May 2-4, A two-day riot
[3-day siege] at Alcatraz prison in San Francisco Bay ended af-ter five
people were killed. Six inmates took 9 guards hostage. Inmate Joe
Cretzer shot the 9 hostages but killed only one. He and 2 compeers were
later shot and killed. 2 inmates were executed for their part and one
served out a life sentence.
(AP, 5/4/97)(SFC, 8/11/97, p.A12)(G, Winter, p.3)
1946 May 3, The International
Military Tribunal for the Far East convened in Tokyo for Japa-nese War
Crimes. 28 defendants were tried. Radhabinod Pal, the judge from India,
was the only judge with an international law background and the only
judge to find all the defendants in-nocent on all counts.
(WSJ, 4/30/98, p.A15)(MC, 5/3/02)
1946 May 6, A Pulitzer prize was
awarded to Arthur M. Schlesinger ("Age of Jackson").
(MC, 5/6/02)
1946 May 9, King Victor Emmanuel
III of Italy abdicated and was replaced by his son, Um-berto II. He
served until a June referendum abolished the monarchy.
(HN, 5/9/98)(SFC, 1/30/01, p.C2)
1946 May 10, Donovan, rocker
(Mellow Yellow), was born as Donovan Leitch in Scotland.
(http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=11:0ifqxqe5ldhe~T1)
1946 May 10, Birute Galdikas,
later renowned as a primatologist, was born in Wiesbaden, Germany to
Lithuanian parents.
(SFC, 1/6/98,
p.A19)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birut%C4%97_Galdikas)
1946 May 11, Robert Jarvik,
physician: inventor of the Jarvik artificial heart, was born in
Michi-gan.
(MC, 5/11/02)
1946 May 11, The first packages
from the relief agency CARE (Cooperative for American Remittances to
Europe) arrived in Europe, at Le Havre, France.
(AP, 5/11/97)
1946 May 12, Daniel Libeskind,
architect, was born in Poland. His family emigrated to Israel and then
to the US where he grew up.
(SFC, 5/5/05, p.E6)
1946 May 13, US condemned 58 camp
guards of Mauthausen concentration camp to death.
(MC, 5/13/02)
1946 May 16, The Irving Berlin
musical "Annie Get Your Gun" opened on Broadway starring Ethel Merman
as Annie Oakley. The play closed in 1949 after 1,147 performances.
(AP, 5/16/97)(SFC, 4/24/99, p.A10)
1946 May 17, President Truman
seized control of the nation's railroads, delaying — but not preventing
— a threatened strike by engineers and trainmen.
(AP, 5/17/08)
1946 May 25, Janet E[llen] Morris,
US sci-fi author (Golden Sword, Tempus), was born.
(SC, 5/25/02)
1946 May 25, Patty Smith Hill
(78), songwriter (Happy Birthday To You), died.
(SC, 5/25/02)
1946 May 25, Marcel Petiot
(b.1897), a French doctor, was executed for offering Jews an es-cape to
Argentina, then killing them and getting rid of their bodies, many by
incineration. The remains of 26 people were found in his home, but he
was suspected of killing more than 60 people. In 1980 Thomas Maeder
authored “The Unspeakable Crimes of Dr. Petiot.”
(WSJ, 6/9/07,
p.P8)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcel_Petiot)
1946 May 25, Transjordan (now
Jordan) gained independence from Britain and became a kingdom as it
proclaimed its new monarch, King Abdullah Ibn Ul-Hussein.
(AP, 5/25/97)(HN, 5/25/98)
1946 May 26, A patent was filed in
U.S. for H-bomb.
(HN, 5/26/98)
1946 May 28, Madeleine Le Roux,
Broadway actress (Cry Uncle), was born in Wyoming.
(MC, 5/28/02)
1946 May 29, Robin Johnson,
actress (Times Square), was born in Brooklyn, NY.
(SC, 5/29/02)
1946 May 29, KVP won the
Provincial National elections in Netherlands.
(SC, 5/29/02)
1946 Jun 2, The Italian monarchy
was abolished by referendum in favor of a republic.
(AP, 6/2/97)(HN, 6/2/98)
1946 Jun 3, A Supreme Court
decision struck down Virginia’s segregation statute on inter-state
buses. The case stemmed from the 1944 incident where Irene Morgan was
jailed for re-fusing to give up her bus seat.
(SFC, 8/4/00, p.D2)
1946 Jun 3, Intl. Military
Tribunal opened in Tokyo against 28 accused Japanese war crimi-nals.
(MC, 6/3/02)
1946 Jun 3, US Supreme court ruled
that race separation on buses is unconstitutional.
(MC, 6/3/02)
1946 Jun 4, Juan Peron was
installed as Argentina’s president.
(HN, 6/4/98)
1946 Jun 4, A giant eruption
occurred on the surface of the sun and was photographed by the
coronograph of the High Altitude Observatory of the Univ. of Colorado.
(SCTS, p.84)
1946 Jun 7, Bill Kreutzman,
drummer (Grateful Dead-Uncle John's Band), was born.
(SC, 6/7/02)
1946 Jun 9, In Thailand King
Ananda was assassinated. Bhumibol Adulyadej (b.1927) as-cended the
throne as a teenage King after his older brother’s death.
(SFC, 6/10/96, C3)(AP, 6/12/06)
1946 Jun 10, Jack Johnson, 1st
black heavyweight champion (1908-1915), died in car acci-dent. In 2004
Geoffrey C. Ward authored “Unforgivable Blackness: The Rise and Fall of
Jack Johnson.” In 2005 Ken Burns premiered the PBS documentary:
“Unforgivable Blackness: The Rise and Fall of Jack Johnson.”
(SSFC, 11/7/04, p.M1)(SFC, 1/17/05, p.D6)
1946 Jun 10, Italy replaced its
abolished monarchy with a republic.
(AP, 6/10/97)
1946 Jun 14, Donald Trump, New
York real estate mogul, was born in NYC.
(SSFC, 11/14/04, Par p.30)
1946 Jun 15, The US Navy Blue
Angels team made its 1st public performance at Craig Field in
Jacksonville, Fla. Adm. Nimitz had picked Capt. Roy Vorris (1919-2005)
to organize the group.
(SFC, 10/29/99, p.A3)
1946 Jun 17, Barry Manilow Grammy
Award-winning singer, was born as Barry Alan Pincus. His songs
included: I Write the Songs [1975], Mandy, Looks Like, Copacabana.
(MC, 6/17/02)
1946 Jun 17, SW Bell inaugurated
mobile telephone commercial service in St Louis.
(MC, 6/17/02)
1946 Jun 19, "Anna & The King
Of Siam", Motion Picture, with Irene Dunne & Rex Harrison, opened
in theaters.
(DT, 6/19/97)
1946 Jun 19, The first title
match in boxing to be televised takes place in New York City, as Joe
Louis defeated Billy Conn for the heavyweight championship. Three NBC
TV stations car-ried the fight.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Conn)
1946 Jun 20, Andre Watts, pianist,
was born.
(HN, 6/20/01)
1946 Jun 21, Bill Veeck bought the
Cleveland Indians for $2.2 million.
(MC, 6/21/02)
1946 Jun 24, Lt. Col. Ellison S.
Onizuka (astronaut: mission specialist aboard ill-fated Space Shuttle
Challenger), was born.
(MC, 6/24/02)
1946 Jun 24, Fred M. Vinson
(1890-1953) was sworn in as Chief Justice of the US Supreme Court.
(www.oyez.org/oyez/resource/legal_entity/85/)
1946 Jun 25, Ho Chi Minh traveled
to France for talks on Vietnamese independence.
(HN, 6/25/98)
1946 Jun 28, Gilda Radner
(d.1989), actress (Emmy Award-winning comedienne, actress: Saturday
Night Live [1977-78]; Haunted Honeymoon [w/husband Gene Wilder]), was
born in Detroit, Mich. "I wanted a perfect ending. ... Now I’ve
learned, the hard way, that some poems don’t rhyme, and some stories
don’t have a clear beginning, middle and end. Life is about not
knowing, having to change, taking the moment and making the best of it,
without knowing what’s going to happen next. Delicious ambiguity."
(AP, 5/20/98)(MC, 6/28/02)
1946 Jun-Sep 100,000 Jews left
Poland and traveled through Czechoslovakia to displaced persons camps
in Germany. Their story is told in some detail by Bernard Wasserstein
in his: Vanishing Diaspora: The Jews in Europe Since 1945.
(WSJ, 3/20/96, p.A-14)
1946 Jul 1, Deborah Harry (singer:
group: Blondie: The Tide is High, Rapture, Heart of Glass, Sunday
Girl), was born.
(MC, 7/1/02)
1946 Jul 1, Ron Silver, actor
(Reversal of Fortune, Entity, Silkwood, Best Friends), was born in NYC.
(MC, 7/1/02)
1946 Jul 1, The United States
exploded a 20-kiloton atomic bomb near Bikini Atoll in the Mar-shall
Islands in the Pacific Ocean. The energy released by any one of the ten
or so major earth-quakes every year is about 1,000 times as much as the
Bikini atomic bomb.
(DD-EVTT, p.76)(WUD, 1994, p.147)(AP, 7/1/97)
1946 Jul 2, Ron Silver, actor
(Gary-Rhoda, Dear Detective, Baker's Dozen), was born in NYC.
(SC, 7/2/02)
1946 Jul 2, Anthony Overton (81),
publisher, cosmetics manufacturer, banker, died.
(SC, 7/2/02)
1946 Jul 4, Ron Kovic, disabled
Vietnam veteran, author (Born on 4th of July), was born.
(MC, 7/4/02)
1946 Jul 4, Michael Milken,
partner (Intl Capital Access Group), was born in LA, Calif.
(MC, 7/4/02)
1946 Jul 4, The Philippines became
independent of U.S. sovereignty. The Philippines, which officially
became a territory of the United States in 1902, gained its
independence. In 1932 a movement to implement Philippine independence
began to grow. The Tydings-McDuffie Act of 1934, providing for
independence after 12 years, was unanimously accepted and a Philippine
constitution approved by President Roosevelt in February 1935. Manuel
Quezon was elected the first president of the Philippines on September
17, 1935. In 1937 a Joint Preparatory Com-mission on Philippine Affairs
was established by Roosevelt to recommend a program for eco-nomic
adjustment. The Republic of the Philippines was inaugurated.
(SFC, 3/31/97, p.A14)(AP, 7/4/97)(HNQ, 11/9/99)
1946 July 4, A postwar pogrom in
Kielce, Poland, left 42 people, mostly Jews, dead and 50 wounded. Army
and security officers took part in the attack that was sparked by the
false story of Walenty Blaszcyk that his son had been kidnapped by
Jews. The event is considered as Europe’s last pogrom. In 2001 Jan
Tomascz Gross authored “Neighbors,” the story of the Kielce Jews, who
were herded into a barn that was set alight.
(WSJ, 3/20/96, p.A-14)(SFC,10/17/97, p.D3)(Econ,
2/2/08, p.59)
1946 Jul 5, The bikini bathing
suit, created by former civil engineer Louis Reard, made its de-but
during a fashion show at the Molitor Pool in Paris. Model Micheline
Bernardini wore the skimpy two-piece outfit. Its name correlated with
the July 1 American atom bomb test on Bikini Atoll. Réard wanted
his design to have a similar explosive affect. According to New York
Times columnist William Safire, the swimsuit caused more debate,
concern and condemnation than the atomic bomb.
(SFC, 7/5/96, p.D17)(TMC, 1994, p.1946)(AP,
7/5/97)(SFEC, 1/17/99, Z1 p.1)(WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R14)(WSJ, 1/11/99,
p.R14)(HNQ, 4/6/02)
1946 Jul 6, George Walker Bush
Jr., Gov-R-TX, US Pres., was born.
(MC, 7/6/02)
1946 Jul 6, Sylvester Stallone
(actor: Rocky series, Rambo series, etc.), was born.
(MC, 7/6/02)
1946 Jul 6, Jamie Wyeth, artist
(An American Vision-Boston), was born in Pennsylvania.
(MC, 7/6/02)
1946 Jul 7, William Durkin
(1916-2006) rescued Howard Hughes (1905-1976) from the fiery wreckage
of an XF-11 reconnaissance plane that Hughes was testing over Beverly
Hills.
(SFC, 5/1/06, p.B8)
1946 Jul 7, Italian-born Mother
Frances Xavier Cabrini was canonized as the first American saint. She
was the founder of the Missionary Sisters of the Sacred Heart.
(AP, 7/7/97)(SFEC, 9/14/97, p.A18)
1946 Jul 8, Aleksander V.
Aleksandrov (63), Russian composer, conductor, died.
(MC, 7/8/02)
1946 Jul 12, Benjamin Britten's
"Rape of Lucretia," premiered in Glyndebourne.
(MC, 7/12/02)
1946 Jul 13, Alfred Stieglitz
(82), US photographer, art dealer (Camera Work), died. He was an art
dealer, curator, publisher, proselytizer for modern art and for
photography as an art. He also married Georgia O’Keeffe and promoted
her art.
(NH, 10/96, p.36)(www.fact-index.com)(Econ,
10/30/04, p.85)
1946 Jul 13, The first Karlovy
Vary Int’l. Film Festival (Mezinárodní
Filmový Festival Karlovy Vary) was held in Czechoslovakia. Its
first two years were non-competitive showcases. The competition was
started in 1948 and with the exceptions of 1953 and 1955 the festival
was held annually until 1958. From 1960 on to 1992 it was alternating
with the Moscow Film Festival, be-ing celebrated annually again since
1994.
(www.imdb.com/Sections/Awards/Karlovy_Vary_International_Film_Festival/)
1946 Jul 14, Dr. Benjamin Spock's
"Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care" was pub-lished.
(MC, 7/14/02)
1946 Jul 14, Heart Mountain,
Wyoming, Japanese-American draft resisters were released from McNeil
Island.
(SFC, 10/26/01, p.A28)
1946 Jul 15, Linda Ronstadt
(singer: group: The Stone Poneys: Different Drum; solo: Blue Bayou,
You're No Good, When Will I Be Loved, It's So Easy, Ooh Baby Baby, Hurt
So Bad; ac-tress: Pirates of Penzance), was born in Tucson, Arizona.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_Ronstadt)
1946 Jul 16, US court martial in
Dachau condemned 46 SS to hang for the Malmedy massa-cre of disarmed
GIs.
(MC, 7/16/02)
1946 Jul 17, Chinese communists
opened a drive against the Nationalist army on the Yangtze River.
(HN, 7/17/98)
1946 Jul 17, Dragoljub "Draza"
Mihailovic (53), Yugoslav gen. (Nazi), was executed.
(MC, 7/17/02)
1946 Jul 22, Paul Schrader,
screenwriter and film director (Taxi Driver), was born.
(HN, 7/22/02)
1946 Jul 22, Jewish extremists,
that included Menachem Begin and Yitzhak Shamir, blew up a wing of the
King David Hotel in Jerusalem, which housed British administrative
offices. 90-92 people were killed and included Britons (28), Arabs and
Jews. The admitted terrorists were members of a Zionist organization
called Lehi (Lohamei Herut Israel), earlier known as the Stern Gang.
(SFC, 10/18/96, C8)(AP, 7/22/97)(SSFC, 10/28/01,
p.C5)
1946 Jul 25, The United States
detonated a 2nd atomic bomb at Bikini Atoll in the Pacific in the first
underwater test of the device. [see July 1]
(AP, 7/25/97)
1946 Jul 25, In Monroe, Georgia, 2
black couples were killed by Ku Klux Klansmen. Pres. Truman ordered an
FBI investigation and 55 suspects were named in the lynching of Roger
and Dorothy Malcolm and George and Mae Murray Dorsey, but no one was
ever charged. Dorothy Malcolm was pregnant.
(SFC, 7/26/05, p.A5)
1946 Jul 26, President Truman
ordered the desegregation of all US forces.
(MC, 7/26/02)
1946 Jul 27, Gertrude Stein (72),
US-French author, poet (Ida, Tender Buttons), died in France. Her work
included the murder mystery "Blood on the Dining-Room Floor" and “The
Bi-ography of Alice B. Toklas” (1933). She once said of Oakland, Ca.:
"There is no there there." Painter Francis Rose carved the headstone on
her grave at the Pere Lachaise cemetery. A bi-ography of Stein by Linda
Wagner-Martin was published in 1996 titled "Favored Strangers." In 2007
Janet Malcolm authored “Two Lives: Gertrude and Alice.”
(SFC, 6/9/96, Z1 p.5)(WSJ, 10/5/99, p.A24)(WSJ,
9/25/07, p.D6)
1946 Jul 28, Linda Kelsey, actress
(Kate-Day by Day), was born in Minneapolis, Minn.
(SC, 7/28/02)
1946 Jul 30, Jeffrey
Hammond-Hammond, rock bassist (Jethro Tull), was born.
(MC, 7/30/02)
1946 Jul, The US lent Britain
$3.75 billion. The money was expected to last 3-5 years but af-ter 19.5
months Britain withdrew the last $100 mil.
(FT, 3/4/98, p.13)
1946 Jul, Albania signed a treaty
of friendship with Yugoslavia; Yugoslav advisors and grain began
pouring into Albania.
(www, Albania, 1998)
1946 Jul, Hungary’s hyperinflation
peaked at 42 quadrillion per cent a month.
(http://goldnews.bullionvault.com/inflation_history_Zimbabwe_USA_101620073)(Econ,
7/19/08, p.57)
1946 Aug 1, President Truman
signed the Fulbright Program into law, establishing the schol-arships
named for Arkansas Sen. William J. Fulbright (d.1995).
(AP, 8/1/97)(MT, Spg. ‘99, p.2)
1946 Aug 1, President Truman
established the Atomic Energy Commission. Physicist John Simpson
(d.2000 at 83) helped develop the 1946 McMahon Act, which called for
civilian control of atomic energy.
(AP, 8/1/97)(SFC, 9/2/00,
p.A23)(http://tinyurl.com/66tsq)
1946 Aug 10, Francis V. Keesling
(1908-1997), Washington lobbyist for the city of San Fran-cisco,
successfully got Congress to pass a bill that allowed Chinese male
citizens living in the US to bring over their wives.
(SFC, 4/3/97, p.C2)
1946 Aug 13, Britain transferred
illegal immigrants bound for Palestine to Cyprus.
(MC, 8/13/02)
1946 Aug 13, H.G. Wells (b.1866),
sci-fi author (Time Machine), died in London.
(AP, 8/13/00)
1946 Aug 16, A riot in Calcutta
left some 3-4,000 Moslems and Hindus dead.
(MC, 8/16/02)
1946 Aug 19, Bill Clinton, US
President from 1992-2000, was born as William J. Blythe III in Hope,
Arkansas. He was the son of Virginia Cassidy Blythe and William
Jefferson Blythe II. Clinton’s father was killed in a traffic accident
prior to his birth. His mother married Roger Clin-ton when Bill was 4
years old.
(SFC, 7/14/96, Par p.23)(SFEC, 3/9/96, Z1 p.5)(WUD,
1994 p.1698)(HNQ, 1/1/02)
1946 Aug 20, Connie Chung (Yu-Hwa)
journalist: CBS Evening News, was born in Washing-ton, DC.
(Internet)
1946 Aug 21, Lev Alburt, USSR
International Chess Master (1976), was born.
(SC, 8/21/02)
1946 Aug 29, J.E. Feenstra,
Nazi military police commandant, was executed.
(MC, 8/29/01)
1946 Sep 1, Barry Gibb, singer
(BeeGees-Stayin' Alive), was born.
(SC, 9/1/02)
1946 Sep 2, Nehru formed a
government in India.
(MC, 9/2/01)
1946 Sep 6, Terence Rattigan's
"Winslow Boy," premiered in London.
(MC, 9/6/01)
1946 Sep 8, In San Francisco four
boys playing near the Paramount Theater found a package containing body
parts of Ramon Lopez (52), a flower dealer from San Leandro. Police
found 14 pairs of nylons at his room in the Mint Hotel. His skull was
found 18 years later at Hunters Point.
(SFC, 2/17/09, p.A11)
1946 Sep 8, Bulgaria ended its
monarchy. The monarchy was abolished in a referendum called by
communists installed by the Soviet Army. Georgi Dimitrov became the 1st
premier of communist Bulgaria. In 2003 Ivo Banac edited "The Diary of
Georgi Dimitrov."
(SFC, 2/29/00, p.A19)(MC, 9/8/01)(WSJ, 6/6/03, p.W9)
1946 Sep 11, The 1st mobile
long-distance car-to-car telephone conversation.
(MC, 9/11/01)
1946 Sep 15, Tommy Lee Jones,
actor (Executioner's Song, Bloody Monday, Fugitive), was born in San
Saba, Texas.
(www.britannica.com)
1946 Sep 15, Oliver Stone, film
director and screenwriter, was born. His work included "Pla-toon" and
"JFK."
(HN, 9/15/00)
1946 Sep 19, Winston Churchill
made a speech in Zurich where he said: If Europe were once united in
the sharing of its common inheritance there would be no limit to the
happiness, pros-perity, and glory of which its 300 or 400 million
people would enjoy."
(WSJ, 3/25/98, p.A22)
1946 Sep 20, The first Cannes Film
Festival was held.
(MC, 9/20/01)
1946 Sep 20, President Harry S
Truman asked Sec. of Commerce Henry A. Wallace to re-sign, due to
Wallace’s comments about Russia on September 12.
(MC, 9/20/01)
1946 Sep 20, Churchill argued for
a "US of Europe." [see Sep 19]
(MC, 9/20/01)
1946 Sep 21, The Cleveland Indians
played their final game in League Park, ending a 55-year stay.
(MC, 9/21/01)
1946 Sep 22, Evelyn Dick was
charged with butchering her husband.
(MC, 9/22/01)
1946 Sep 30, An international
military tribunal in Nuremberg, Germany, found 22 top Nazi leaders
guilty of war crimes. Ribbentrop and Goering were sentenced to death.
American psy-chiatrist Leon Goldensohn interviewed many of the
participants and in 2004 the interviews were published as “The
Nuremberg Interviews: An American Psychiatrist’s Conversations with the
Defendants and Witnesses.”
(AP, 9/30/99)(SSFC, 1/30/05, p.A13)
1946 Sep, Britain, France and the
United States set up the Tripartite Gold Commission to oversee the
return of some $4 billion in gold plundered by the Nazis from European
treasuries. The commission closed in 1998.
(SFC, 9/10/98, p.C2)
1946 Oct 1, Tim O’Brien, novelist,
was born. His work included "The Things They Carried" and "In the Lake
of the Woods."
(HN, 10/1/00)
1946 Oct 1, Twelve Nazi war
criminals were sentenced to be hanged at Nuremberg trials-- Karl
Donitz, Hermann Goring, Alfred Jodl, Hans Frank, Wilhelm Frick, Ernst
Kaltenbrunner, Wilhelm Keitel, Joachin von Ribbentrop, Fritz Saukel,
Arthur Seyss-Inquart, Julius Streicher, and Alfred Rosenberg. Karl
Donitz was sentenced to 10 years in prison.
(HN, 10/1/98)(http://uboat.net/men/doenitz.htm)
1946 Oct 4, Susan Sarandon,
American film actress, was born.
(HN, 10/4/00)
1946 Oct 6, Pres. Truman
questioned Great Britain Jews about Palestine.
(MC, 10/6/01)
1946 Oct 8, Dennis Kucinich, US
Congressmen for Ohio, was born in Cleveland. He stood as a presidential
candidate in 2004 and in 2008.
(SSFC, 2/29/04, p.D2)(WSJ, 1/25/08, p.A1)
1946 Oct 9, The Eugene O’Neill
drama "The Iceman Cometh" opened at the Martin Beck Theater in New York.
(AP, 10/9/97)
1946 Oct 9, The 1st manufactured
electric blanket sold for $39.50.
(MC, 10/9/01)
1946 Oct 10, Ben Vereen, actor and
dancer (Pippin, Roots, Webster), was born in Miami, Fla.
(MC, 10/10/01)
1946 Oct 12, The cheapest sight
and sound receivers on display carried a $225 price tag. For this Radio
Corp. of America offered a table model set which showed a picture about
four by five inches.
(WSJ, 4/24/95, p.R-5)
1946 Oct 12, Joseph W. Stilwell,
US general in China, died.
(MC, 10/12/01)
1946 Oct 15, Nazi war criminal
Hermann Goering poisoned himself hours before he was to have been
executed.
(AP, 10/15/97)
1946 Oct 16, Ten Nazi war
criminals condemned during the Nuremberg trials were hanged. The
defendants included: Luftwaffe commander Hermann Göring, who was
sentenced to death but committed suicide the morning of the execution;
former deputy Führer Rudolph Hess, sen-tenced to life
imprisonment; Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop, hanged; head of
the armed forces high command Wilhelm Keitel, hanged; writer and
"philosopher" of National So-cialism Alfred Rosenberg; U-boat Admiral
Karl Dönitz, 10-year imprisonment; Grand Admiral Erich Raeder,
life imprisonment; Hitler Youth leader Baldur von Shirach, 20-year
imprisonment; procurer of slave labor Fritz Sauckel, hanged; and Alfred
Jodl, chief of staff of the German high command, hanged. The hanging
was badly botched as most Nazis slowly strangle to death.
(AP, 10/16/97)(HN, 10/16/98)(HNPD, 10/20/99)(MC,
10/16/01)
Also hanged were: Hans Frank, Governor-General of
occupied Poland; Wilhelm Frick, Hitler's Minister of the Interior;
Julius Streicher, rabid anti-Semite editor of Der Sturmer; Alfred
Rosenberg, Nazi philosopher and war criminal; Arthur Seyss-Inquart
(54), Nazi leader of occu-pied Holland; Ernst Kaltenbrunner, Austrian
Nazi and SS leader.
(MC, 10/16/01)
1946 Oct 18, Aaron Copland's 3rd
Symphony, premiered.
(MC, 10/18/01)
1946 Oct 20, Anne Murray, country
singer (Snowbird), was born in Springhill, Nova Scotia.
(MC, 10/20/01)
1946 Oct 22, Two British ships
sank near Albania. British destroyers hit mines off Albania's coast.
The United Nations and the International Court of Justice condemned
Albania.
(www, Albania, 1998)(MC, 10/22/01)
1946 Oct 23, The United Nations
General Assembly convened in New York for the first time, at an
auditorium in Flushing Meadow.
(AP, 10/23/97)
1946 Oct 23, A Vatican document
advised French church authorities on how to handle infor-mation
requests from Jewish officials, asking them not to put anything in
writing: “Children who have been baptized must not be entrusted to
institutions that cannot ensure their Christian edu-cation.” The
document surfaced in 2004.
(SFC, 1/1/05, p.A12)
1946 Oct 25, Karl Popper spoke at
Cambridge before the weekly meeting of the Moral Sci-ence Club on the
subject: "Are There Philosophical Problems?" Ludwig Wittgenstein took
issue with the presentation and a heated exchange followed. In 2001
David Edmonds and John Eidi-now authored "Wittgenstein’s Poker: The
Story of a Ten-Minute Argument Between Two Great Philosophers."
(SSFC, 12/30/01, p.M3)
1946 Oct 27, Peter Martins, Danish
dancer and choreographer, was born.
(HN, 10/27/00)
1946 Oct 28, German rocket
engineers began work in the USSR.
(MC, 10/28/01)
1946 Nov 1, Father Wojtyla, who
became Pope John Paul II on Oct 16,1978, was ordained in Krakow,
Poland.
(WUD, 1994, p.1691)
1946 Nov 2, Giuseppe Sinopoli,
conductor, was born in Venice, Italy.
(MC, 11/2/01)
1946 Nov 3, Emperor Hirohito
proclaimed a new Japanese constitution.
(MC, 11/3/01)
1946 Nov 4, Robert Mapplethorpe,
US photographer, was born.
(MC, 11/4/01)
1946 Nov 4, The United Nations
Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) was
established. Julian Huxley, biologist, was the first secretary-general.
(HN, 11/4/98)(SFC, 10/8/99, p.A12)
1946 Nov 5, US Republicans took
control of the Senate and the House in midterm elections.
(AP, 11/5/97)
1946 Nov 5, John F. Kennedy
(D-Mass) was elected to House of Representatives.
(MC, 11/5/01)
1946 Nov 6, Sister Maria
Innocentia Hummel (b.1909 as Berta Hummel), German nun and artist,
died. She became famous for her artwork which was used to create the
Hummel figurines beginning in 1935.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Innocentia_Hummel)
1946 Nov 9, Pres. Truman ended a
wage and price freeze.
(MC, 11/9/01)
1946 Nov 10, Baldassare
Forestiere, creator of the Forestiere Underground Gardens in Fresno,
Ca., died in Fresno.
(WSJ, 8/28/08,
p.D11)(www.forestiere-historicalcenter.com/Forestierebio.html)
1946 Nov 12, Walt Disney's "Song
Of South" released.
(MC, 11/12/01)
1946 Nov 12, 1st "autobank"
(banking by car) opened (Chicago).
(MC, 11/12/01)
1946 Nov 13, The 1st artificial
snow was produced from a natural cloud at Mt. Greylock, Mass.
(MC, 11/13/01)
1946 Nov 14, Manuel de Falla (69),
Spanish composer (Vita Breve, Atl ntida), died.
(MC, 11/14/01)
1946 Nov 15, Joseph McCarthy's
HUAC interrogated astronomer Harlow Shapley.
(MC, 11/15/01)
1946 Nov 15, The 17th Paris Air
Show opened at the Grand Palais des Champs-Elysees. It is the first
show of this kind since 1938.
(HN, 11/15/98)
1946 Nov 20, Lillian Hellman's
"Another Part of the Forest," premiered in NYC.
(MC, 11/20/01)
1946 Nov 23, French Navy fire in
Haiphong, Vietnam, killed 6,000.
(MC, 11/23/01)
1946 Nov 24, Ted Bundy (d.1989),
serial murderer, was born Burlington, Vt.
(MC, 11/24/01)
1946 Nov 25, Supreme Court granted
Oregon Indians land payment rights from the U.S. gov-ernment.
(HN, 11/25/98)
1946 Dec 2, Gianni Versace,
fashion designer (Versace), was born.
(MC, 12/2/01)
1946 Dec 2, The U.S. and Britain
merged the German occupation zones.
(HN, 12/2/98)
1946 Dec 2, The Protocol to the
International Convention on the Regulation of Whaling (ICRW) was signed
was signed in Washington, DC. The International Whaling Commission
(IWC), formed in 1948, prohibited the hunting of gray whales worldwide
when their numbers were down to the thousands. Scientific studies and
the commercial reality of fewer whales led to the implementation of
bans on hunting many whale species such as the humpback whale in 1963
followed in 1965 by a hunting ban on the blue whale (the largest
creature known to have ever existed). The IWC adopted a moratorium on
whaling in 1982. Although the IWC attempted to ban all commercial
whaling in 1986, some countries refused to agree.
(SFEM, 5/7/00,
p.9)(www.iwcoffice.org/commission/convention.htm)(Econ, 5/26/07, p.65)
1946 Dec 3, The Oakland, Ca.,
General Strike shut down the city for 2 days when 2 large de-partment
stores resisted a unionized workforce.
(SFEC, 11/17/96, Par p.6)
1946 Dec 5, Jose Carreras, opera
tenor (I Lombardi, Werther, Three Tenors), was born in Barcelona, Spain.
(MC, 12/5/01)
1946 Dec 5, President Truman
created the Committee on Civil Rights by Executive Order #9808.
(MC, 12/5/01)
1946 Dec 7, The president of the
United Mine Workers, John L. Lewis, ordered all striking miners back to
work.
(HN, 12/7/98)
1946 Dec 7, A fire broke out at
the Winecoff Hotel in Atlanta, Georgia, killing 119 people, in-cluding
hotel founder W. Frank Winecoff.
(AP, 12/7/04)
1946 Dec 10, Damon Runyon (66),
New York-based syndicated newspaper columnist and author (Guys &
Dolls), died.
(SFC, 10/24/96, p.A2)(MC, 12/10/01)
1946 Dec 11, The United Nations
International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) was established.
The organization received a Nobel Prize in 1965.
(AP, 12/11/97)(MC, 12/11/01)
1946 Dec 11, Spain was suspended
from the UN.
(MC, 12/11/01)
1946 Dec 12, Tide laundry
detergent was introduced.
(MC, 12/12/01)
1946 Dec 12, A United Nations
committee voted to accept a six-block tract of Manhattan real estate
offered as a gift by John D. Rockefeller Jr. to be the site of U.N.
headquarters.
(AP, 12/12/97)
1946 Dec 14, Patty Duke, American
actress, was born. She started her career at seven and won an Oscar for
her portrayal of Helen Keller in "The Miracle Worker." He went on to
star in television's "The Patty Duke Show."
(HN, 12/14/99)
1946 Dec 14, The United Nations
General Assembly voted to establish the U.N. headquarters in New York
City. The UN adopted a disarmament resolution prohibiting the A-bomb.
(AP, 12/14/97)(HN, 12/14/98)
1946 Dec 18, Stephen Biko, South
African anti-apartheid activist, was born.
(MC, 12/18/01)
1946 Dec 19, Noel Coward's musical
"Pacific 1860," premiered in London.
(MC, 12/19/01)
1946 Dec 19, War broke out in
Indochina as troops under Ho Chi Minh launched widespread attacks
against the French.
(AP, 12/19/06)
1946 Dec 20, The Frank Capra film
"It’s A Wonderful Life," starring James Stewart and Donna Reed, had a
preview showing for charity at New York City’s Globe Theatre, a day
before its "official" world premiere.
(SFEC, 11/3/96, DB p.54)(SFC, 12/13/96, p.C9)(AP,
12/20/97)
1946 Dec 20, Uri Geller, psychic
and fork bender, was born in Israel.
(MC, 12/20/01)
1946 Dec 20, Viet Minh and French
forces fought fiercely in the Annamite section of Hanoi in Vietnam .
(HN, 12/20/98)
1946 Dec 21, Frank Capra's "It's a
Wonderful Life," premiered.
(MC, 12/21/01)
1946 Dec 21, An earthquake and
tidal wave killed 1,086 in Japan.
(HN, 12/21/98)(MC, 12/21/01)
1946 Dec 23, Highest ridership in
NYC subway history took place with 8.8 million passengers.
(MC, 12/23/01)
1946 Dec 24, The 4th French
republic was established.
(MC, 12/24/01)
1946 Dec 24, US General MacNarney
gave 800,000 "minor Nazis" amnesty.
(MC, 12/24/01)
1946 Dec 25, Jimmy Buffett, singer
and writer, was born in Pascagoula, Miss. He recorded "Margaritaville"
in 1977.
(SSFC, 4/28/02, Par p.22)
1946 Dec 25, Comedian W.C. Fields
(b.1879) died in Pasadena, Calif., at age 66/67. In 2003 James Curtis
authored "W.C. Fields: A Biography."
(SFEC, 11/3/96, DB p.56)(AP, 12/25/97)(MC,
12/25/01)(SSFC, 3/16/03, p.M3)
1946 Dec 25, Chiang offered a new
Chinese constitution in Nanking pledging universal suf-frage.
(HN, 12/25/98)
1946 Dec 26, The Flamingo Casino
opened. Billy Wilkerson designed the Flamingo and sold a controlling
interest to Bugsy Siegel when his money ran out. It was the 3rd hotel
casino built on the Las Vegas strip.
(SFEC, 5/10/98, DB p.64)(SSFC, 3/11/01, p.T8)
1946 Dec 28, The French declared
martial law in Vietnam.
(HN, 12/28/98)
1946 Dec 31, President Truman
officially proclaimed the end of hostilities in World War II.
(HN, 12/31/98)(AP, 12/31/97)
1946 Dezso Aczel, a Hungarian
survivor of the Holocaust, was taken into the household of Bernhardt
and Charlotte Kluger in Weiden, Germany. Aczel was dying of TB but
managed to paint a canvas (5’ x 7’) with Hitler as a classical angel of
death hovering over a horde of ago-nized bodies painted in a German
Expressionistic style. It was untitled but signed Aczel, 1946. The
painting was sold to a Miami collector of Judaica named Reuven Prager.
It’s history was researched by Bara Zetter-Sapir. Later research found
that the painting was actually painted by Hungarian painter Ferenc
Kecskes. Aczel provided the imagery and compositional ideas while
Kecskes executed the painting. The painting was sold to 2 Jewish men
from Munich, who probably embellished their acquisition account. Aczel
emigrated to Canada in 1949 and was later found and interviewed by
Zetter-Sapir for the whole story.
(MT,3/95, p.15)(MT, 6/96, p.9)
1946 Dubuffet painted his "Men and
Trees Sleepwalking," a nocturnal scene of a house sur-rounded by trees.
In 1996 it sold for $1.2 mil.
(SFC, 7/2/96, p.E3)
1946 Georgia O’Keeffe painted "In
the Patio No. 1."
(SFC, 2/19/00, p.B1)
1946 New York School painter Mark
Rothko painted his oil on canvas "The Source." He re-ceived his first
one-man show at the SF Museum of Art this year.
(SFC,1/21/97, p.B1)(SFC,11/21/97, p.C1)
1946 Geoffrey Barraclough authored
“The Origins of Modern Germany.”
(WSJ, 6/23/07, p.P10)
1946 Lucius Beebe authored "The
Stork Club Bar Book." The NY Stork Club was owned by Sherman
Billingsley. In 2000 Ralph Blumenthal authored "Stork Club: America’s
Most Famous Nightspot and the Lost World of Café Society."
(SFEM, 4/16/00, p.47)
1946 Alistair Cooke began writing
his "Letter from America." It was initially supposed to be a 13-week
BBC radio series which described American life to Britons.
(SFEC, 11/29/98, Z1 p.7)
1946 Buck Dawson wrote "Saga of
the All-American," a history of the US Army 82nd Airborne Division.
(MT, Fall ‘96, p.9)
1946 Eduardo De Filippo wrote his
play "Filumena."
(WSJ, 11/12/97, p.A20)
1946 Cheikh Anta Diop, a
Senegalese humanist and scientist, began his research into African
history. He later published "The African Origin of Civilization: Myth
or Reality," "Civilization or Barbarism: An Authentic Anthropology,"
and "The Cultural Unity of Negro Africa."
(Civilization, July-Aug, 1995, p. 34)
1946 Geraldine Townsend Fitch and
Theodore H. White authored “Blunder Out of China.”
(http://blog.librarylaw.com/librarylaw/court_cases/)
1946 William Gresham authored the
best-seller “Nightmare Alley.” It was made into a 1947 film starring
Tyrone Power and Joan Blondell.
(SSFC, 1/1/06, p.M6)
1946 Margaret Halsey (1911-1997)
published "Color Blind: A White Woman Looks at the Ne-gro." She wrote
that at the heart of racism was the need for a cheap labor supply and a
fear of blacks’ sexuality.
(SFC, 2/8/97, p.A24)
1946 Halldor Laxness, Iceland
novelist, published "Independent People."
(SFC, 2/11/98, p.A24)
1946 Denise Levertov (d.1997 at
74) published her first volume of verse: "The Double Image."
(SFC,12/23/97, p.D4)
1946 Curzio Malaparte, an Italian
fascist intellectual, authored “Kaputt,” an autobiographical novel that
described the cruelty of Nazi fanaticism.
(WSJ, 1/19/08, p.W8)
1946 Carey McWilliams authored
“Southern California: An Island on the Land.” It contained a chapter
about the Los Angeles water scandal from the turn of the century, which
in 1971 helped inspire Robert Town to write the screenplay for
“Chinatown” (1974).
(SFC, 9/25/09, p.E2)
1946 John Rewald published his
"History of Impressionism."
(WSJ, 2/10/96, p.A16)
1946 William Carlos Williams
authored his epic poem "Paterson."
(ON, 4/02, p.6)
1946 The Japanese internment camps
(b.2/19/1942), established under the 1942 US Execu-tive Order 9066,
closed. Financial losses to those held were later estimated at $500
million in 2001 dollars. Mine Okubo authored "Citizen 13660," an
illustrated account of her experiences at Japanese internment camps in
California and Utah. In 2001 Greg Robinson authored "By Order of the
President."
(SFC, 2/26/01, p.A24)(WSJ, 10/8/01, p.A25)
1946 Dr. Benjamin Spock
(1903-1998) published his "Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care."
(SFC, 3/17/98, p.A5)
1946 Mickey Spillane (1918-2006),
comic book writer, authored his first Mike Hammer detec-tive novel, “I,
the Jury.”
(SFC, 7/18/06, p.B5)
1946 Robert Penn Warren
(1905-1989) published his Pulitzer Prize winning novel "All the King’s
Men." It was based on the life of Huey Long of Louisiana. In 1949 it
was turned into a movie. In 1997 Joseph Blotner wrote Warren’s
biography.
(WSJ, 8/26/06, p.P8)(WSJ, 9/23/06, p.P12)
1946 Theodore H. White and Annalee
Whitmore (d.2002 at 85), war correspondents, au-thored "Thunder Out of
China," an examination of China’s role in WW II.
(SFC, 2/11/02, p.B5)
1946 The term intentional fallacy,
an important principle of New Criticism, was first used by W.K. Wimsatt
and Monroe Beardsley in their essay "The Intentional Fallacy," in which
they said: "the design or intention of the author is neither available
nor desirable as a standard for judging the success of a work of
literary art." The phrase "intentional fallacy" is somewhat ambiguous,
but it means "a fallacy about intent" and not "a fallacy committed on
purpose."
(WSJ, 8/2/08, p.W9)
1946 The musical "Gypsy Lady" was
written by George Forrest and Robert Wright.
(SFC, 10/13/99, p.C2)
1946 The musical "St. Louis Woman"
was based on a novel by Arna Bontemps. The music was by Harold Arlen
and the lyrics by Johnny Mercer and featured the Nicholas Brothers tap
dancing duo in lead roles.
(WSJ, 5/6/98, p.A20)(SSFC, 1/29/06, p.B7)
1946 George Balanchine left the
Ballet Russe after 2 years and founded the New York City Ballet. He
married Maria Tallchief (21) whom he developed into the nation’s grand
ballerina in such performances as: "Four Temperments" (music by
Hindemith), "Orpheus," "Firebird," "Swanlake," "Nutcracker," "Scotch
Symphony," and "Sylvia Pas de Deux." In 1997 Maria Tall-chief wrote her
memoir: "Maria Tallchief: America’s Prima Ballerina."
(WSJ, 4/17/97, p.A20)(WSJ, 10/10/00, p.A24)
1946 George Balanchine created his
one-act work "La Sonnambula." It was inspired by the music of Vittorio
Rieti, which was based on the "La Sonnambula" opera of Vincenzo Bellini.
(WSJ, 10/31/01, p.A22)
1946 Gross movie revenues for the
year were $1,692 million with 4,067 million admissions and average
ticket price was $0.42.
(WSJ, 4/24/95, p.R-5)
1946 Jinx Falkenburg (d.2003) and
husband Tex McCrary pioneered talk radio programming with the "Hi Jinx"
morning show at WEAF in NYC.
(SFC, 8/29/03, p.A28)
1946 7,000 TV sets were sold as
commercial TV became established.
(TMC, 1994, p.1946)
1946 Syd Cassyd formed the
Television Arts and Sciences Academy. He envisioned it to as a tool for
enlightenment, education, science and technology.
1946 Paul Fagan opened the
six-room Kauiki Inn for his friends on the island of Maui. It was later
expanded and renamed the Hotel Hana-Maui. He then constructed a
ballpark in the center of Hana and brought over his baseball team for
spring training.
(SFEC, 9/8/96, p.T8)
1946 Nathan Safir founded KCOR-AM
radio and helped develop KCOR-TV the first full-time Spanish language
radio and TV stations in the US.
(SFC, 9/11/96, p.C2)
1946 Benjamin Britten composed his
opera "The Rape of Lucretia."
(WSJ, 8/7/01, p.A12)
1946 Teddy Edwards (d.2003 at 78)
recorded the 1st bop solo for tenor sax with Howard McGhee's ensemble's
recording of "Up in Dodo's Room."
(SFC, 4/24/03, A21)
1946 Les Paul (1915-2009) and the
Andrew Sisters recorded the hit song “Rumors Are Fly-ing.”
(SFC, 8/14/09, p.D6)
1946 Kurt Weill composed "Street
Scene," a hybrid of operatic and musical-theater styles.
(WSJ, 10/24/01, p.A20)
1946 Chuck Wayne was the guitarist
in the Woody Herman Herd band. They recorded the Ralph Burns 3-part
composition "Summer Sequence." Wayne had discovered be-bop from
pi-anist George Washington in a Dixieland band led by clarinetist Joe
Marsala after 2 years in the army.
(SFC, 8/2/97, p.A21)
1946 William Schuman founded the
Juilliard String Quartet
(SFC, 5/13/96, p.D-2)
1946 Bill Monroe recorded his
song, "Blue Moon of Kentucky," as a stately Southern waltz.
(WSJ, 9/16/96, p.A14)
1946 Ella Mae Morse (b.1924)
recorded her hit "House of Blue Lights." It was later considered
influential in the evolution of rock-'n-'roll.
(SFC, 10/19/99, p.A23)
1946 Ben Weber composed "Fantasia"
(Variations), that represented the lyrical and soft-grained side of
serialism.
(WSJ, 7/2/98, p.A20)
1946 Actress Mitzi Gaynor got her
start in San Francisco with the Civic Light Opera Com-pany’s “Roberta.”
She went on to become a stage and screen star.
(SSFC, 6/29/08, DB p.58)
1946 The 1940 opera "Betrothal" by
Prokofiev had its premiere in Prague. The plot was based on the 1775
comedy "The Duenna" by Richard Brinsley Sheridan.
(SFC, 11/25/98, p.D1)
1946 The Nevada Club (d.1997) in
downtown Reno opened. It used slot machines made by the Jennings
company of Chicago.
(SFEC, 1/25/98, p.D3)
1946 Yakov Malkiel (d.1998 at 83)
founded the journal "Romance Philology." He helped cre-ate the UC
Berkeley linguistics department in 1952 and over his life published 822
works.
(SFC, 5/1/98, p.D7)
1946 Allmore Aaron (d.1997 at 83)
and his brother Len founded the Aaron Brothers art and framing store in
Hollywood. They sold the chain in 1977 which grew to 72 stores in 1997.
(SFC, 5/2/97, p.B2)
1946 Warren E. Avis (1915-2007)
founded the Avis Rent-A-Car System to bring rental cars directly to
airline passengers at Willow Run Airport in Ypsilanti, Mich., and Miami
Int’l. Airport.
(WSJ, 4/28/07, p.A6)
1946 The Claremont Men’s College
was founded in southern California by Donald C. McKenna (d.1997 at 90)
and others for returning veterans with an emphasis on business and
public affairs. The college began admitting women in 1981.
(SFC,11/27/97, p.B8)
1946 Vance "Pinto" Colvig served
as the voice of Bozo the Clown when Capitol Records ex-ecutive Alan
Livingston created Bozo for recordings. For years, promoter and
entertainer Larry Harmon (d.2008), who bought the rights to Bozo,
claimed to have both created the character and being the original.
(AP, 5/28/04)(SFC, 7/4/08, p.B8)
1946 Roger Straus (d.2004) and
John Farrar founded a publishing firm. They later brought in Bob Giraux
as editor-in-chief. Straus headed Farrar, Straus and Giraux until his
death.
(Econ, 6/5/04, p.81)
1946 David Barham (1913-1991)
founded Hot Dog on a Stick at Muscle Beach in Santa Monica, Ca.
(WSJ, 2/3/07,
p.A8)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave_Barham)
1946 Paul Falknor Iams
(1915-2003), self-taught animal nutritionist, started Iams Food Co.
(SFC, 11/3/04, p.B15)
1946 In Ohio William Powell, a
black man, began hand building his Clearview Golf Club. The club opened
for 9-hole play in 1948. By 1978 he had expanded to 18 holes. In 2001
it was added to the national register of historic places.
(WSJ, 10/25/08,
p.W6)(www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-75087113.html)
1946 Emily Greene Balch
(1867-1961), American lawyer, share the Nobel Peace Prize with John
Raleigh Mott. Balch helped in one way or another with many projects of
the League of Na-tions - among them, disarmament, the
internationalization of aviation, drug control, the partici-pation of
the United States in the affairs of the League.
(AP,
10/9/09)(http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1946/balch-bio.html)
1946 John Raleigh Mott
(1865-1955), organizer (YMCA), shared the Nobel Peace Prize with Emily
Greene Balch.
(http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1946/mott-bio.html)
1946 Wendell M. Stanley and John
H. Northrup of UC Berkeley won the Nobel Prize in Chem-istry. Northrop
(b.1891), US biochemist, won for his work on crystallized enzymes.
(SFC, 10/8/01, p.A17)
(AP, 10/9/09)
1946 Hermann Hesse (1877-1962),
Swiss-born German philosopher poet and author, was awarded the Nobel
Prize in literature "for his inspired writings which, growing in
boldness and penetration, exemplify the classical humanitarian ideals
and high qualities of style."
(http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1946/)
1946 The National Basketball
Association (NBA) was founded.
(WSJ, 11/1/96, p.A1)
1946 The Boston Red Sox lost the
World Series.
(SFC, 10/28/04, p.A7)
1946 The SF 49ers celebrated a 50
year "Golden Gala" anniversary in 1996.
(SFC, 12/10/96, p.A1)
1946 William Saroyan was awarded a
Pulitzer Prize for his novel "The Times of Your Life." He refused the
award. The novel was turned into a film in 1948.
(SFEM, 4/27/97, p.10)
1946 The Allies formed the
International Tracing Service to identify and document victims of the
Nazi persecution. In 1955 the service was turned over to the
Swiss-based Int’l. Committee of the Red Cross.
(SFEC, 2/9/97, p.C13)
1946 The Congressional
Reorganization Act was passed.
(SFC, 2/10/97, p.A20)
1946 A US Congress Recision Act
took away citizenship and benefits promised by Pres. Roo-sevelt to
Filipinos who had been drafted to fight under Gen. MacArthur. It was
enacted in part because of a $200 million grant to the Philippines
following the war.
(SSFC, 12/30/01, p.A25)(SFC, 12/30/03, p.A15)
1946 The US Agricultural Marketing
Act of this year established grade standards for fruits and vegetables
including peanuts.
(http://tinyurl.com/qjuu2)
1946 John F. Kennedy at 29 was
elected Congressman from Massachusetts.
(TMC, 1994, p.1946)
1946 Ronald Reagan was a sponsor
and director of the Committee for a Democratic Far East Policy. The
organization had been designated as subversive by the Attorney General
under Ex-ecutive Order 10450. He was also a member of the American
Veterans Committee, whose Cali-fornia chapter was cited as "communist
dominated."
(SSFC, 6/9/02, p.F7)
1946 A US Navy Radiological
Defense Laboratory decontamination center was established at the SF
naval shipyard Hunters Point.
(SFC, 4/8/05, p.F2)
1946 The Balcones Research Center
was established in Austin, Texas. It carried out govern-ment-supported
defense and electronics research. Tracor, a big defense firm, grew out
of this and itself spun off some 20 technology related firms, which
established Austin as a high-tech business cluster.
(Econ, 10/14/06, p.17)
1946 A US district court case in
Orange County, Ca., Mendez vs. Westminster, ruled that race-based
housing restrictions were illegal. State law had allowed segregation
against Mexi-can Americans. Restrictions after WW I had confined blacks
in LA to the south and east sides creating near-ghettos in areas such
as Watts, Inglewood and Compton. The Mendez case was upheld on April
14, 1947, and was used to support the 1954 Supreme Court decision in
Brown vs. Board of Education.
(Econ, 7/23/05, p.29)(SFC, 5/9/07, p.A15)
1946 The US Grand National Rodeo
began an uninterrupted string of yearly shows at the Cow Palace in Daly
City, Ca.
(SFC, 2/28/08, p.A11)
1946 In northern California the
coast batteries around the SF Bay were deactivated.
(SFC, 6/13/08, p.A22)
1946 Labor strikes were the
worst in US history.
(TMC, 1994, p.1946)
1946 In Georgia Lawrence D. Duke
Sr. (d.1999 at 86), ass't. state attorney general, success-fully
campaigned against the state charter for the KKK and the Columbians
Inc., a virulent anti-black and anti-Jewish Klan offshoot.
(SFC, 4/2/99, p.D6)
1946 A $345 million suspension
bridge, designed by Othmar Ammann, was approved to cross the Verrazano
Narrows between Brooklyn and Staten Island, NYC. The Brooklyn side
would be anchored on Old Fort Hamilton and the Staten Island side on
Fort Wadsworth. Fort Lafayette was cleared to make room for the
Brooklyn tower. In 1960 the rest of Fort Lafayette was lev-eled. Rubble
was ferried to Staten Island side to facilitate the construction of the
west tower.
(AH, 2/06, p.72)
1946 The first African American
switchboard operator was hired by Pacific Telephone.
(SFC, 1/11/99, p.A18)
1946 Crown Cork & Seal Co.
introduced the 1st seamless, lined and lithographed aerosol can-ister,
the Spra-tainer. Aaron Lapin (d.1999 at 85) of Clayton Corp. used the
canister to hold his whipping cream and named the product Reddi-wip,
which he sold through milk men in St. Louis.
(SFC, 7/15/99, p.A25)
1946 Georges Doriot (1899-1987), a
French-born Harvard professor, took public his Boston-based American
Research & Development Corporation, America’s first venture
fund. In 1972 ARD was taken over by Textron. In 2008 Spencer E.
Ante authored “Creative Capital: Georges Doriot and the Birth of
Venture Capital.”
(WSJ, 5/21/08, p.A17)(Econ, 3/14/09, SR p.9)
1946 GM’s Chevrolet division was
the first automobile company to advertise on network tele-vision.
(WSJ, 6/19/96, Adv. Supl)
1946 The Mattel toy company was
co-founded by Ruth Handler, her husband Elliot, and Har-old “Matt”
Mattson. The name came from a combination of Matt and Elliot. In 2009
Jerry Op-penheimer authored “Toy Monster: The Big, Bad world of Mattel.”
(WSJ, 2/18/09, p.A15)
1946 Michelin patented its radial
tire.
(Econ, 9/11/04, p.60)
1946 William E. Moore (1917-2004)
founded Kelly-Moore Paint in San Carlos, Ca., with Wil-liam Kelly, his
former retired boss at Glidden.
(SFC, 11/25/04, p.B5)
1946 The last DC-3 airplane was
built. It was introduced in 1935 and many were still in use in 2001.
(SFC, 1/26/01, p.A12)
1946 James Chapman (1916-1996),
regional director for Ford Motor Co., hired Babe Ruth as consultant to
Ford’s sponsorship of American League Junior Baseball.
(SFC, 10/15/96, p.A19)
1946 Russian immigrant Dietrich
Gustav Rempel opened Rempel Manufacturing on Morgan Avenue in Akron,
Ohio. He produced a line of latex squeak toys under the Sunnyslope
name. Artist Fred G. Reiner designed his toys.
(SFC, 12/21/05, p.G6)(SFC, 4/12/06, p.G4)
1946 Dr. Jules Stein, founder of
Music Corp. of America hired Lew Wasserman (1913-2002) as director of
advertising and public relations. Wasserman went on to expand the
company as MCA Inc. into a major entertainment conglomerate.
(SFC, 6/4/02, p.A18)
1946 Walter Reuther was elected
president of the United Auto Workers. He proceeded to lead a 113-day
strike at GM, the longest national strike against one of the Big Three.
(WSJ, 6/19/96, Adv. Supl)
1946 Buckminster Fuller
(1895-1983) put together his prototype Dymaxion House (dynamic maximum
tension).
(WSJ, 12/4/01, p.A16)
1946 Chemist H.B. Parmele reported
to his superiors at Lorillard Tobacco Co. that: "Certain scientists and
medical authorities have claimed for many years that the use of tobacco
contrib-utes to cancer development in susceptible people. Just enough
evidence has been presented to justify the possibility of such a
presumption."
(SFC, 6/16/96, p.B10)
1946 Dr. Wolff of Cornell Univ.
discovered that migraines and other headaches involve the enlargement
of cranial blood vessels.
(WSJ, 6/17/96, p.A5)
1946 Vitamin C was first marketed
in pill form.
(SFC, 12/21/96, p.E4)
1946 C.D. Atkins (d.2000), Edwin
L. Moore and Louis MacDowell, researchers for the Florida Citrus
Commission, were granted a patent for developing a process for making
orange juice concentrate. The research was done in a federal lab and
they assigned the patent to the gov-ernment.
(WSJ, 6/22/00, p.A22)
1946 The new U of M Survey
Research Center began with a monthly survey of consumer atti-tudes
about the economy.
(MT, Fall. ‘97, p.4)
1946 The Smithsonian was
designated as the manager of the Canal Zone Biological Area and renamed
it as the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI).
(Smith., 5/95, p.10)
1946 A Coast Guard airplane
crashed in the Bank of Manhattan Building.
(HT, 5/97, p.28)
1946 Elie Nadelman (b.1882),
Polish-born sculptor, died. He moved to Paris in 1904 and to the US in
1914 with the support of Helena Rubenstein. His work included "The
Dancer" (1920-1924).
(WSJ, 5/15/03, p.D8)
1946 Laszlo Moholy-Nagy (b.1895),
renowned photographer and the founding head of the Institute of Design
in Chicago, died.
(SFC, 7/20/02, p.D10)
1946 The International Court of
Justice, the main judicial organ of the United Nations, was established.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judges_of_the_international_court_of_justice)
1946 The People's Assembly
proclaimed Albania a "people's republic"; purges of non-communists from
government positions began. The People's Assembly adopted a new
constitu-tion. Enver Hoxha became prime minister, defense minister,
foreign minister and commander-in-chief.
(www, Albania, 1998)
1946 Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah
of Brunei, potentate, was born. He is the latest ruling member of one
of the world's oldest dynasties. His assets total some $30 billion.
(WSJ, 1/11/98, p.R18)
1946 A dissenting Mormon sect from
Utah set up a community practicing polygamy in Bounti-ful, BC, Canada.
In 2009 2 leaders of the Bountiful commune appeared in court to answer
criminal charges.
(Econ, 1/24/09, p.44)
1946 Ben Weider (d.2008 at 85) and
his brother Joe, Canadian body builders, co-founded the International
Brotherhood of Body Builders (IFBB). In 1968 they brought Austrian body
builder Arnold Schwarzenegger to California.
(SSFC, 10/19/08, p.B6)
1946 Lincoln Toys began operating
in Walkerville, Ont., and continued to 1958.
(SFC, 10/1/08, p.G6)
1946 In Croatia Cardinal Alojzije
Stepinac (d.1960) was imprisoned by the Communists and sentenced to 16
years of hard labor for his support of the Ustasha fascists. He was
declared a martyr in 1998 by Pope John Paul II.
(SFC, 7/4/98, p.A8)
1946 Dahomey (later Benin) became
an Overseas Territory of France.
(http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/3638535.stm)
1946 In England Lancelot Ware
(d.2000 at 85), Oxford postgraduate student, and barrister Roland
Berrill (d.1961) founded the High IQ Club, later known as Mensa.
(SFC, 8/19/00, p.A19)(www.mensa.org/)
1946 Churchill coined the phrase
"Iron Curtain," to describe the borders of the USSR.
(TMC, 1994, p.1946)
1946 In England V.S. Pritchett
became the director of the weekly New Statesman. He had begun
contributing to the left-wing weekly in 1926.
(SFC, 3/22/97, p.A21)
1946 The British M16 intelligence
agency absorbed the Special Operations Executive.
(Econ, 3/19/05, p.34)
1946 Allan Nunn May (d.2003 at
91), British atomic scientist, was unmasked as a Soviet spy. In 1942 he
joined a team of Cambridge scientists for the Manhattan Project and was
recruited by the Soviets in Montreal in 1943. may was sentenced to 10
years of hard labor and served 6.
(SFC, 1/25/03, p.A17)
1946 Heathrow Airport, a base near
London for fighter planes during WWII, was converted to civilian use.
(Econ, 3/29/08, p.91)
1946 French archeologist Pierre
Montet (d.1966) resumed his excavations at Tanis, Egypt, and continued
work there until 1951. In 1958 he published an account of his
discoveries titled “La Necropole Royale de Tanis.”
(Arch, 5/05, p.25)
1946 Pablo Picasso began designing
pottery in Vallauris, France. The area had been a pottery center since
Roman times.
(SFC, 12/10/08, p.G4)
1946 The Jean Delannoy film "La
Symphonie Pastorale," adapted from a Gide novel, won Cannes' top prize.
The film told the story of a blind orphan who falls in love with a
married pas-tor.
(AP, 6/19/08)
1946 The Lido nightclub opened on
the Champs-Elysees in Paris.
(SFC, 11/22/02, p.D9)
1946 The French retook Hoa Binh in
Vietnam with a drop by airborne forces. They had aban-doned it in
October 1950 in the panic following Viet Minh victories on Colonial
Route 4.
(HNQ, 8/16/01)
1946 France granted Malians French
citizenship and limited self-rule.
(www.angelfire.com/ri/georgev/bg8.html)
1946 Heinrich Springer and his son
Axel founded a newspaper in Hamburg that grew to be-come Axel Springer
Verlag AG, Germany’s biggest and most influential newspaper group.
(WSJ, 10/20/04, p.A1)
1946 In Germany the conservative
Christian Social Union was founded as a more inclusive heir to the
Bavarian People’s Party.
(Econ, 8/18/07, p.43)
1946 The Hong Kong airline Cathay
Pacific began operations with two DC3 planes.
(Econ, 12/23/06, p.96)
1946 Eric Halpern, a Jewish
émigré from Austria, started the Far Eastern Review in
Hong Kong. In 1987 it was taken over by Dow Jones. In 2004 it ended as
a weekly publication and re-emerged as a monthly. In 2009 Dow Jones
announced its closure.
(Econ, 9/26/09, p.58)
1946 Hungary’s Prime Minister
Laszlo Bardossy was executed for his role in the deaths of hundreds of
thousands of Jews.
(SFC, 5/5/01, p.D2)
1946 The Republic of Indonesia
stripped all royal families of power.
(SSFC, 2/17/08, p.A20)
1946 In Iran Shah Mohammad Reza
Pahlavi separated from his Egyptian wife, Queen Faw-zieh. He took up
with Parvin Ghaffari in a 3-year affair later documented by Ghaffari in
her 1997 book "Until Darkness."
(SFC, 7/12/97, p.C1)
1946 In Italy Umberto II (d.1983)
ruled for just 26 days before he was sent into exile. Italy
es-tablished itself as a republic.
(SFC, 5/6/97, p.A11)(SFC, 6/3/96, p.A12)
1946 Enrico Piaggio designed the
1st Vespa motor scooter as a practical solution to transpor-tation
needs in postwar Italy. Corradino D’Ascanio, helicopter pioneer, came
up with the idea for the 2-wheeled Vespa scooter.
(SFC, 8/16/03, p.F1)(Econ, 7/15/06, p.64)
1946 In Italy the Carpigiani firm,
a maker of ice-cream making machines, was founded. Bruto Carpigiani
(d.1945) had designed the first machine and his brother Poerio did the
marketing.
(Econ, 8/18/07, p.55)
1946 In Japan parliamentary
elections were held and women were allowed to vote for the first time.
39 female legislators were elected.
(SFC, 7/30/99, p.D8)
1946 In Japan the Keidanren
(Business Federation) was formed to be the mouthpiece of business
interests. The Keizai Doyukai (Association of Corporate Executives)
also formed.
(Econ, 5/31/08, p.68)
1946 Tokyo Telecommunications, the
precursor to Sony Corp., was established in Japan.
(WSJ, 3/7/05, p.A8)
1946 Kurd leader Mustafa Barzani
fled Kurdistan with hundreds of followers to the Soviet Un-ion.
(SFC, 9/4/96, p.A7)
1946 In Slovakia Vojtech Tuka was
executed. He had been the prime minister of pro-Nazi Slovakia during
the war.
(SFC, 7/25/97, p.A12)
1946 Choi Hong Hi (1918-2002),
helped found the South Korean Army. He developed the tae kwon do (to
kick with the foot, to strike with the fist, art) martial arts style in
the 1940s and named it in 1955.
(SFC, 7/2/02, p.A17)
1946 The Swiss government agreed
to turn over half of some German assets in vaults to help war refugees
and other victims. The agreement was not kept.
(SFC, 12/1/97, p.A10)
1946 The Muslim Brotherhood,
founded in Egypt in 1928 by Hasan al-Banna (d.1949), opened a branch in
Syria. Branches soon began spreading across the globe.
(WSJ, 12/8/95, p.A-8)(WSJ, 9/21/01, p.A16)(WSJ,
9/7/04, p.A20)(Econ, 6/4/05, p.44)
1946-1948 Wayne Miller (27) on a Guggenheim
fellowship documented the South Side of Chicago in photographs.
(SFEM, 1/25/98, p.6)
1946-1949 Some 12 million ethnic Germans were
expelled from their homes in eastern Europe af-ter WW II.
(Econ, 11/3/07, p.60)
1946-1949 The Greek Civil War uprooted some 700,000
refugees. The Cham were ethnic Albani-ans drive from Greece after WW
II. Their expropriated property was worth about $3.25 million.
(SFC, 4/23/98, p.B4)(SFC, 3/22/00, p.A10)
1946-1950 C. Girard Davidson was ass’t. secretary of
the Interior under pres. Truman. He was also part of an advisory group
to the president that recommended recognition for the state of Israel,
and a veto of the Taft-Hartley Labor Act [passed in 1947] that among
other things barred union-employer contracts that required all workers
to be union members.
(SFC, 9/26/96, p.C2)
1946-1952 Miguel Aleman Valdez was president of
Mexico. He was known as the "Enterprise President." He gave the PRI a
pro-business cast and an odor of corruption.
(WSJ, 11/19/96, p.A18)(WSJ, 8/13/97, p.A12)
1946-1952 Richard Nixon served in the US Congress as
Congressman and Senator from Califor-nia. In 1999 Irwin F. Gellman
published "The Contender: Richard Nixon, The Congress Years, 1946-1952."
(WSJ, 8/9/99, p.A16)
1946-1953 Trygve Lie of Norway served as the
Secretary-General of the UN.
(SFC, 12/14/96, p.A1)
1946-1958 The US conducted 67 nuclear test blasts at
the Bikini and Eniwetok atolls over this pe-riod. The tests in the
northern Marshall Islands released radioactive iodine said to be 150
times worse than the contamination from Chernobyl in 1986. A Nuclear
Claims Tribunal was later set up by the government of the US and the
Marshall Islands to compensate those displaced or suffering health
problems due to the tests. The 150 million dollars the US provided for
paying settlements ran out in 2005. The US State Department said there
is no obligation to pay more.
(SFC, 3/8/99, p.A16)(Econ, 1/12/08, p.38)(AFP,
12/12/08)
1946-1960 The show "Hometown Jamboree" ran on radio
and television. It was produced by Cliffie Stone (d.1998) and gave
career boosts to such stars as Tennessee Ernie Ford, Johnny Cash, Eddy
Arnold, Jim Reeves and Tex Ritter.
(SFC, 1/20/98, p.A18)
1946-1961 The Tanganyika Territory was a British
trusteeship.
(WUD, 1994, p.1452)
1946-1970 Some 62,000 steel drums of nuclear waste
were dumped into the oceans from 1946-1970. In 1976 EPA scientists
reported that they had discovered plutonium in the ocean sedi-ment off
the SF coast and radioactive cesium leaking from containers 120 miles
east of Ocean City, Md.
(SFC, 8/17/01, p.WB6)
1946-1977 PCBs were released into the Hudson River by
2 General Electric plants and were buried in sediment along 197 miles
that was later declared a Superfund site. The EPA expected GE to dredge
some 35 miles at a cost of some $1 billion. GE fought the cleanup law
and was also in-volved in Superfund sites at Hoboken NJ and Milford NH.
Cleanup of the Hudson River began in 2009 at an estimated cost of $750
million, to be paid by GE. The sludge was scheduled to be buried in
West Texas.
(SFC, 11/29/00, p.A10)(SFC, 5/16/09, p.A5)(SFC,
6/22/09, p.A9)
1946-1992 Charles Hillinger worked for the Los
Angeles Times. He was assigned as a roving re-porter in the early 50s
and by 1969 expanded to a world beat. His 1998 "Hillinger’s California:
All 58 Counties" was one of 2 books compiled from his 6,000 plus
columns.
(SFEC, 1/25/98, p.D1,8)
Go to 1947