Timeline 1957
Return to home
1957 Jan 1, The
state of Saarland, established in 1920 in accordance with the Treaty of
Versailles, joined the Federal Republic of West Germany. The Nazis had
called the area "Westmark." After World War II the Saarland had come
under French administration.
(Econ, 8/29/09,
p.45)(http://www.wordiq.com/definition/Saarland)
1957 Jan 2, The SF Stock Exchange
merged with the Los Angeles Stock Exchange and formed the Pacific Coast
Stock Exchange.
(SFC, 7/24/98, p.B1)
1957 Jan 3, The Hamilton
Watch Company was the first to introduce an electric watch in
Lancaster, Pa.
(440 Int'l. 1/3/99)(MC, 1/3/02)
1957 Jan 5, President Eisenhower,
in an address to Congress, proposed offering military assistance to
Middle Eastern countries so they could resist Communist aggression;
this became known as the Eisenhower Doctrine.
(AP, 1/5/07)
1957 Jan 6, Elvis Presley made
another appearance on the Ed Sullivan Show.
(MC, 1/6/02)
1957 Jan 7, Katie Couric,
[Katherine], TV news host (Today), was born in Arlington, VA.
(MC, 1/7/02)
1957 Jan 9, British PM Anthony
Eden resigned in the wake of the Suez crises.
(AP, 1/9/99)(Econ, 7/29/06, p.23)
1957 Jan 10, Harold Macmillan
became prime minister of Britain, following the resignation of Anthony
Eden.
(AP, 1/10/98)
1957 Jan 12, Harry Belafonte
recorded "The Banana Boat Song."
(SFC, 7/11/97, p.D18)
1957 Jan 13, The Wham-O Company
produced the 1st Frisbee. It was initially called the Pluto Platter.
(SFC, 7/1/02, p.B5)(MC, 1/13/02)
1957 Jan 14, Humphrey Bogart (57),
actor, died in Los Angeles of cancer of the esophagus. His many films
included “Casablanca” and “Caine Mutiny.”
(SFEC, 5/18/97, Par p.6)(AP, 1/14/07)
1957 Jan 16, Three B-52's
(accompanied at first by two spare aircraft) took off from Castle Air
Force Base in California on the first nonstop, round-the-world flight
by jet planes, which lasted 45 hours and 19 minutes.
(AP, 1/16/07)
1957 Jan 16, Arturo Toscanini
(b.1867), Italian-US conductor (NBC), died in NYC. He led the NBC
Symphony from 1937-1954. In 1978 Harvey Sachs wrote his biography. In
2002 Sachs edited "The Letters of Arturo Toscanini," his correspondence
with Ada Mainardi.
(www.britannica.com/eb/article-9073009/Arturo-Toscanini)(HN,
3/25/01)(WSJ, 4/30/02, p.D7)
1957 Jan 17, A 9-county commission
recommended the creation of BART, the SF Bay Area Rapid Transport
system.
(MC, 1/17/02)
1957 Jan 18, A trio of B-52's
completed the first nonstop, round-the-world flight by jet planes,
landing at March Air Force Base in California after more than 45 hours
aloft.
(AP, 1/18/07)
1957 Jan 19, Pat Boone sang at
President Eisenhower's inaugural ball.
(MC, 1/19/02)
1957 Jan 20, President Eisenhower
and Vice President Nixon were sworn in for their second terms of office
in a private Sunday ceremony. A public ceremony was held the next day.
(AP, 1/20/07)
1957 Jan 21, US Pres. Eisenhower
was inaugurated.
(EWH, 1968, p.1210)
1957 Jan 22, Suspected "Mad
Bomber" George P. Metesky, accused of planting more than 30 explosive
devices in the New York City area, was arrested in Waterbury, Conn. He
was later found mentally ill and committed to a mental hospital; he was
released in 1973, and died in 1994 at age 90.
(AP, 1/22/98)(AP, 1/22/04)
1957 Jan 22, Israel completed its
evacuation of Egyptian territory, excepting the Gaza Strip and the area
of Aqaba.
(EWH, 1968, p.1242)
1957 Jan 23, Princess Caroline of
Monaco, was born.
(HN, 1/23/99)
1957 Jan 23, Willie Edwards (25),
US black, was murdered by KKK.
(MC, 1/23/02)
1957 Jan, France began sending
troops to Algeria to crush the rebel movement in what came to be called
"The Battle for Algiers."
(SFC, 5/11/01, p.D4)
1957 Feb 1, Friedrich von Paulus
(66), German field marshal (Stalingrad), died.
(MC, 2/1/02)
1957 Feb 5, Joseph Benson Hardaway
(b.1895), animation director and voice actor, died. Nicknamed "Bugs,"
he was instrumental in naming the character "Bugs Bunny" when, while
working on the film short "Hare-um, Scare-um," an animator handed him a
model sheet of the rabbit character.
(www.findagrave.com/php/famous.php?page=pr&FSctf=170)
1957 Feb 10, Southern Christian
Leadership Conference formed.
(MC, 2/10/02)
1957 Feb 12, Researchers announced
the development of Borazan, a substance harder than diamonds.
(MC, 2/12/02)
1957 Feb 14, The Georgia Senate
approved Sen Leon Butts' bill barring blacks from playing baseball with
whites.
(HN, 2/14/98)(MC, 2/14/02)
1957 Feb 14, The “Southern
Leadership Conference” was formed in New Orleans, Louisiana. Officers
were elected which included: Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. as President,
Dr. Ralph David Abernathy as Financial Secretary-Treasurer, Rev. C. K.
Steele of Tallahassee, Florida as Vice President, Rev. T. J. Jemison of
Baton Rouge, Louisiana as Secretary, and Attorney I. M. Augustine of
New Orleans, Louisiana as General Counsel. In August the name was
changed to "Southern Christian Leadership Conference" at its first
convention in Montgomery, Alabama.
(http://sclcnational.org/net/content/item.aspx?s=25461.0.12.2607)
1957 Feb 15, Andrei Gromyko
replaced Dmitri T. Shepilov as the Soviet Foreign Minister.
(HN, 2/15/98)
1957 Feb 16, LeVar Burton, (Roots,
Star Trek Next Generation), was born in Landstuhl, Germany.
(MC, 2/16/02)
1957 Feb 16, A U.S. flag flew over
an outpost in Wilkes Land, Antarctica.
(HN, 2/16/98)
1957 Feb 17, Suez Canal reopened.
(MC, 2/17/02)
1957 Feb 18, Robert Mitchum
recorded "Robert Mitchum Calypso - Is Like So," with Mitchum singing a
kind of pidgin English.
(SFC, 7/11/97, p.D18)
1957 Feb 22, A skull was found by
a crew digging a trench for an air conditioning system in downtown LA.
The site was later planned to be used for a new Roman Catholic
cathedral. An anthropologist identified the skull onsite as
characteristic of native Americans prior to the Spanish arrival. Native
Indian groups later contended the site a possible ancient burial ground
and held up the construction plans. In 1997 the skull was reported lost.
(SFC,10/27/97, p.C2)
1957 Feb 25, Buddy Holly and the
Crickets recorded "That'll Be the Day."
(MC, 2/25/02)
1957 Feb 25, The US Supreme Court,
in Butler v. Michigan, overturned a Michigan statute making it a
misdemeanor to sell books containing obscene language that would tend
to corrupt "the morals of youth."
(AP, 2/25/07)
1957 Feb 25, Supreme Court decided
6-3 that baseball is the only antitrust exempt pro sport.
(MC, 2/25/02)
1957 Feb 27, Mao made his speech
"On Correct Handling of Contradictions Among People."
(MC, 2/27/02)
1957 Feb, Basil Hirschowitz
(b.1925), South Africa born gastroenterologist, introduced the first
prototype “fiberscope.” He had begun work using glass fibers to
transmit light in 1954 while at the Univ. of Michigan. Fiber optics
later revolutionized telecommunications and surgery.
(www.case.edu/artsci/dittrick/site2/museum/artifacts/group-d/fiberscope.htm)(Econ,
10/18/08, p.92)
1957 Mar 1, "Ziegfeld Follies of
1957" opened at Winter Garden NYC for 123 performances.
(SC, 3/1/02)
1957 Mar 1, Kokomo the Chimp
became the Today Show animal editor.
(SC, 3/1/02)
1957 Mar 3, Corry Brokken won
Eurovision Song festival with "Just as then."
(SC, 3/3/02)
1957 Mar 5, Britain adopted a plan
to triple nuclear energy production by 1965.
(HN, 3/5/98)
1957 Mar 5, Eamon de Valera's
Fianna Fail-party won election in Ireland. DeValera (1882-1975) was
elected Taoiseach (prime minister) and served his 3rd term as PM.
(MC, 3/5/02)(www.apostles.com/devalera.html)(ON,
9/04, p.7)
1957 Mar 6, The former British
African colonies of the Gold Coast and Togoland became the independent
state of Ghana. Ghana, led by Kwame Nkrumah, gained independence from
Britain. US VP Nixon and Martin Luther King attended the independence
ceremony.
(SFC, 12/6/96, p.B1)(SFEM, 2/2/97, p.15)(SSFC,
2/11/07, p.C1)
1957 Mar 8, Israeli troops left
Egypt. Suez Canal re-opened for minor ships.
(MC, 3/8/02)
1957 Mar 9, An 8.1 earthquake
shook the Andreanof Islands, Alaska.
(MC, 3/9/02)
1957 Mar 9, Egyptian leader Nasser
barred U.N. plans to share the tolls for the use of the Suez Canal.
(HN, 3/9/98)
1957 Mar 10, Thousands of soccer
fans rioted in Italy.
(MC, 3/10/02)
1957 Mar 11, Charles Van Doren's
14-week run on the rigged NBC game show "Twenty-One" ended as he was
"defeated" by attorney Vivienne Nearing; Van Doren's take was $129,000.
(AP, 3/11/07)
1957 Mar 11, American explorer
Richard E. Byrd died in Boston at age 68.
(AP, 3/11/07)
1957 Mar 12, German DR accepted 22
Russian armed divisions.
(MC, 3/12/02)
1957 Mar 12, In Israel Rudolf
Kasztner, hailed by admirers as a Holocaust hero for saving thousands
of Jews, was assassinated by Jewish extremists. Critics had reviled him
as a collaborator who "sold his soul." Kasztner, a Zionist leader in
Hungary during World War II, headed the Relief and Rescue Committee, a
small Jewish group that negotiated with Nazi officials to rescue
Hungarian Jews in exchange for money, goods and military equipment.
(AP,
7/23/07)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Kastner)
1957 Mar 13, The FBI arrested
Jimmy Hoffa on bribery charges.
(HN, 3/13/98)
1957 Mar 13, Bloody battles
followed an anti-Batista demonstration in Havana, Cuba.
(MC, 3/13/02)
1957 Mar 15, Burton Abbot was
executed for the 1955 abduction and killing of 14-year-old Stephanie
Bryan.
(SFEC, 11/17/96, p.C17)
1957 Mar 16, Constantin Brancusi
(b.1876), Romanian-born French sculptor, died. He willed his studio and
work to France.
(WSJ, 3/30/00,
p.A28)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantin_Br%C3%A2ncu%C5%9Fi)
1957 Mar 19, Pete Seibert
(1924-2002) climbed to a summit in the Colorado Rockies with Earl
Eaton, a uranium prospector, and beheld the area that he later turned
into the Vail ski resort.
(SFC, 7/29/02, p.B5)
1957 Mar 20, Shelton 'Spike' Lee,
film director (Do the Right Thing, Malcolm X), was born.
(HN, 3/20/01)
1957 Mar 20, In Washington state
the Dalles Dam pushed back the Columbia River to reap the benefits of
hydroelectric power. In six hours the islands of Celilo Falls were gone
forever beneath a mockingly tranquil reservoir pool.
(AP, 3/3/07)
1957 Mar 20, Britain accepted a
NATO offer to mediate in Cyprus, but Greece rejected it.
(MC, 3/20/02)
1957 Mar 21, Tennessee Williams'
"Orpheus Descending," premiered in NYC.
(MC, 3/21/02)
1957 Mar 21, US President
Eisenhower and British PM Harold Macmillan began a four-day conference
in Bermuda.
(AP, 3/21/07)
1957 Mar 21, Vice President Nixon
returned to the U.S. after spending three weeks on a tour of Africa.
(HN, 3/21/98)
1957 Mar 22, An earthquake,
centered in Daly City, Ca., hit the SF Bay Area and caused extensive
damage to Mary’s Help Hospital.
(Ind, 8/11/01, 5A)(CW, Winter 04, p.45)(DCFD,
Centennial, 2007)
1957 Mar 23, US army sold its last
homing pigeons.
(SS, 3/23/02)
1957 Mar 25, US Police and customs
agents seized copies of “Howl” by Allen Ginsberg. In May Ferlinghetti
was arrested along with City Lights manager Shigeyoshi Murao (d.1999)
on obscenity charges. The defending attorney was J.W. Ehrlich. By the
Fall Judge Clayton Horn found the poem of "redeeming social
importance." Shig later managed City Lights and authored the occasional
"Shig's Review." In 2006 Bill Morgan and Nancy J. Peters edited “Howl
On Trial: The Battle for Free Expression.”
(SFEC, 11/28/99, BR
p.10)(www.citylights.com/His/CLhowlhist.html)(SSFC, 11/5/06, p.M3)
1957 Mar 25, The Treaties
establishing the European Economic Community and the European Atomic
Energy Community were signed in Rome. The Treaty of Rome enabled
people, goods, services and money to move unchecked throughout the
Union. The Council of Ministers represents the governments of the
members. Major decisions are made by the Council of Foreign Ministers.
A 20-member Commission composed of appointed representatives of each
member state serves as the administrative arm and members represent the
Union. The Commission proposes and executes laws and policies. A
European Parliament is composed of 626 members elected by the
electorates of the member states and they sit in party groups. The
Commission proposes, the Parliament advises, and the Council decides.
The goal was to create a common market for all products but especially
coal and steel.
(AP, 3/25/97)(HN,
3/24/98)(http://www.churchill-society-london.org.uk/eec.htm)
1957 Mar 27, In the 29th Academy
Awards "Around the World in 80 Days" won the Academy Award for best
picture; Yul Brynner won best actor for "The King and I," Ingrid
Bergman was awarded best actress for "Anastasia" and George Stevens
received best director for "Giant."
(AP, 3/27/07)
1957 Mar 29, Joyce A.L. Cary (68),
English writer (Horse's Mouth), died.
(MC, 3/29/02)
1957 Mar 30, Tunisia and Morocco
signed a friendship treaty in Rabat.
(HN, 3/30/98)
1957 Mar 31, The original version
of Rodgers and Hammerstein's "Cinderella," starring Julie Andrews,
aired live in color on CBS.
(AP, 3/31/07)
1957 Apr 3, Samuel Beckett's
"Endgame," premiered in London.
(V.D.-H.K.p.369)(MC, 4/3/02)
1957 Apr 4, Heitor Villa-Lobos'
10th Symphony, premiered in Paris.
(MC, 4/4/02)
1957 Apr 6, NYC ended trolley car
service.
(MC, 4/6/02)
1957 Apr 7, The last of New York
City’s electric trolleys completed its final run from the city’s
borough of Queens to Manhattan.
(AP, 4/7/97)
1957 Apr 10, John Osborne’s play
“The Entertainer,” starring Laurence Olivier, opened in London.
(AP, 4/10/07)
1957 Apr 10, Egypt reopened the
Suez Canal to all shipping traffic. The canal had been closed due to
wreckage resulting from the Suez Crisis.
(AP, 4/10/08)\
1957 Apr 11, The Ryan X-13
Vertijet became the 1st jet to take-off and land vertically.
(MC, 4/11/02)
1957 Apr 13, The jury-deliberation
movie drama "12 Angry Men," starring Henry Fonda, opened in New York.
(AP, 4/13/07)
1957 Apr 13, Due to lack of funds,
Saturday mail delivery in US was temporarily halted.
(MC, 4/13/02)
1957 Apr 15, Saturday mail
delivery was restored after Congress gave the PO $41 million.
(MC, 4/15/02)
1957 Apr 19, Charles Funk (76),
Encyclopedist (Funk & Wagnall’s), died.
(MC, 4/19/02)
1957 Apr 21, In the 11th Tony
Awards: Long Day's Journey into Night and My Fair Lady won. Edie
Adams won a Tony award for supporting actress as Daisy Mae in “Li’l
Abner.”
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/11th_Tony_Awards)(SFC,
10/17/08, p.A2)
1957 Apr 25, The 1st experimental
sodium nuclear reactor operated.
(SS, 4/25/02)
1957 Apr 26, Jamestown, Va., 350th
Anniversary Festival opened.
(MC, 4/26/02)
1957 Apr 27, Mario A. Gianini,
creator of the maraschino cherry, died.
(MC, 4/27/02)
1957 Apr 29, The 1st military
nuclear power plant was dedicated at Fort Belvoir, Va.
(MC, 4/29/02)
1957 Apr, Ricky Nelson sang his
version of “I’m Walkin” by Fats Domino on “The Adventures of Ozzie and
Harriet” TV show.
(SSFC, 1/15/06, p.C1)
1957 Apr, Mao experimented under
the slogan: “Let a hundred flowers bloom, and a hundred schools of
thought contend." Alarmed at the resulting barrage of criticism, he
reversed course and some 300,000 of intellectuals were jailed or sent
to the countryside to do manual labor.
(SFC, 10/1/99,
p.A14)(http://files.osa.ceu.hu/holdings/300/8/3/text/9-8-82.shtml)
1957 May 2, Crime boss Frank
Costello narrowly survived an attempt on his life in New York; the
alleged gunman, Vincent "The Chin" Gigante, was acquitted at trial
after Costello refused to identify him as the shooter.
(AP, 5/2/07)
1957 May 2, Sen. Joseph R.
McCarthy (48), the controversial Republican from Wisconsin, died at
Bethesda Naval Hospital in Maryland. McCarthy drank himself to death.
(AP, 5/2/97)(WSJ, 2/9/00, p.A26)
1957 May 3, A low flying Navy
bomber, while practicing evasion maneuvers, sheared two high-voltage
lines in the East Bay of San Francisco causing a power outage in SF and
the Peninsula.
(SFC, 5/4/09, p.B2)
1957 May 4, It was reported that
NATO has warned the Soviet Union that it would meet any attack with all
available meads including nuclear weapons.
(SFC, 5/4/09, p.B2)
1957 May 4, The Anne Frank
Foundation formed in Amsterdam.
(MC, 5/4/02)
1957 May 6, Eugene O'Neill's play
"Long Day's Journey into Night" won the Pulitzer Prize for drama; John
F. Kennedy's "Profiles in Courage" won the Pulitzer for biography or
autobiography.
(AP, 5/6/07)
1957 May 6, Last broadcast of "I
Love Lucy" on CBS-TV. [see Jun 24]
(MC, 5/6/02)
1957 May 9, Ezio F. Pinza, Italian
bass (La Scala of Milan, NY Met Opera, Broadway musicals), died.
(MC, 5/9/02)
1957 May 10, Sid Vicious, [John
Simon Ritchie], bassist (Sex Pistols), was born in England.
(MC, 5/10/02)
1957 May 12, Erich von Stroheim
(b.1885), Austrian-US actor and director, died of cancer in Paris. His
films included "Grand Illusion," "The Merry Widow," and "Greed." In
2000 Arthur Lennig published the biography "Stroheim."
(WSJ, 2/23/00,
p.A20)(http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0002233/)
1957 May 13, Jean Peters (d.2000
at 73), actress, married Howard Hughes (51) in Tonopah, Nev.
(SFC, 10/21/00, p.A24)
1957 May 15, The 1st British
hydrogen bomb was detonated on Christmas Island in South Pacific. The
200 - 300 kilotons yield was less than expected.
(www.atomicarchive.com/Timeline/Time1950.shtml)
1957 May 16, Pope Pius XII
published his encyclical Invicti Athletae.
(MC, 5/16/02)
1957 May 18, In the 83rd
Preakness: Eddie Arcaro aboard Bold Ruler won in 1:56.2.
(SC, 5/18/02)
1957 May 22, South Africa
government approved race separation in universities.
(MC, 5/22/02)
1957 May 24, Anti-American rioting
broke out in Taipei, Taiwan.
(AP, 5/24/07)
1957 May 25, "Shinbone Alley"
closed at Broadway Theater in NYC after 49 performances.
(SC, 5/25/02)
1957 May 28, The National League
approved the move of the Brooklyn Dodgers and New York Giants baseball
teams to Los Angeles and San Francisco.
(AP, 5/28/97)
1957 May 29, British-born
Hollywood director James Whale ("Frankenstein") was found dead in his
swimming pool, a suicide; he was 67.
(AP, 5/29/07)
1957 May 29, Algerian rebels
killed 336 collaborators.
(SC, 5/29/02)
1957 May 29, Laos Government of
prince Suvanna Phuma resigned.
(SC, 5/29/02)
1957 May 29, George Bacovia
[Vasiliu] Romanian poet, composer (Plumb), died at 75.
(SC, 5/29/02)
1957 May 30, In California Santa’s
Village, a Christmas theme park, opened in Scotts Valley. It filed for
bankruptcy in 1977 and finally closed in 1979.
(SFC, 5/31/08,
p.B2)(www.santasvillage.net/santas.village.scotts.valley.html)
1957 May, Frank Lloyd Wright (89)
traveled to Iraq to design an opera house for Baghdad. His
multi-building scheme was never built.
(WSJ, 8/20/03, p.D12)
1957 May, Two US fighter planes
were scrambled and ordered to shoot down an unidentified flying object
(UFO) over the English countryside. This was only made public on Oct
20, 2008, when Britain made public secret files on UFOs.
(Reuters, 10/20/08)
1957 Jun 7, Mrs. Elizabeth S.
Kingsley, double-Crostic puzzle creator, died.
(SC, 6/7/02)
1957 Jun 8, Mao ordered an
"anti-rightist" witch hunt and Deng Xiaoping executed it.
(www.marxists.org/archive/cliff/works/1959/05/chinawilt.htm)
1957 Jun 10, John Diefenbaker,
Progressive Conservative Party, was elected PM of Canada. He served
until 1963.
(CFA, '96, p.81)(HN, 9/18/98)(MC, 6/10/02)
1957 Jun 10, Harold MacMillan
became British PM.
(MC, 6/10/02)
1957 Jun 11, 12 died in a train
crash in Vroman, Colo.
(SC, 6/11/02)
1957 Jun 12, Bandleader Jimmy
Dorsey (53) died in New York.
(AP, 6/12/07)
1957 Jun 13, The Mayflower 2, a
replica of the ship that brought the Pilgrims to America in 1620,
arrived at Plymouth, Mass., after a nearly two-month journey from
England.
(AP, 6/13/07)
1957 Jun 16, There was a French
offensive in Algeria.
(MC, 6/16/02)
1957 Jun 17, The Tuskegee boycott
began as Blacks boycotted city stores.
(MC, 6/17/02)
1957 Jun 17, Mob underboss Frank
Scalice was shot to death at a produce market in the Bronx, N.Y.
(AP, 6/17/07)
1957 Jun 19, Walt Disney’s movie
"Johnny Tremain" was released in movie theaters.
(DT, 6/19/97)
1957 Jun 24, "I Love Lucy," last
aired on CBS-TV. [see May 6]
(MC, 6/24/02)
1957 Jun 24, A 37-kiloton nuclear
fission bomb, code-named Priscilla, was exploded in the Nevada desert
at Frenchman Flat. The security of a bank vault was tested in the
experiment. At this time the US was manufacturing 10 nuclear bombs a
day.
(SSFC, 8/22/04, p.E1)
1957 Jun 26, Hurricane Audrey hit
Louisiana earlier than expected. It left at least 390 people dead with
192 missing in Louisiana and Texas.
(SFC, 6/26/09, p.D10)
1957 Jun 27, More than 500 people
were killed after Hurricane Audrey slammed through coastal Louisiana
and Texas.
(AP, 6/27/97)
1957 Jun 27, Malcolm Lowry
(b.1909), English novelist, died in Sussex, England. He is best known
for his novel “Under the Volcano” (1947). In 2007 Michael Hofmann
edited “The Voyage That Never Ends: Malcolm Lowry in His Own Words.”
(www.kirjasto.sci.fi/mlowry.htm)(SFC, 9/3/07, p.E2)
1957 Jun 30, The American
occupation headquarters in Japan was dissolved.
(HN, 6/30/98)
1957 Jul 1, The International
Geophysical Year, an 18-month global scientific study, began. 12
nations established over 60 stations in Antarctica. The beginning of
international cooperation in Antarctica and the start of the process by
which Antarctica becomes "non-national."
(AP, 7/1/07)(http://tinyurl.com/337joj)
1957 Jul 2, Mike Anger, rocker
(The Blow Monkeys-Wicked Ways), was born.
(SC, 7/2/02)
1957 Jul 2, The Seawolf, the 1st
submarine powered by liquid metal cooled reactor, was completed.
(SC, 7/2/02)
1957 Jul 2, Grayback, the 1st
submarine designed to fire guided missiles, was launched.
(SC, 7/2/02)
1957 Jul 4, In Italy the new Fiat
500 was launched.
(Econ, 7/14/07, p.69)
1957 Jul 6, Althea Gibson
(1927-2003) became the first black tennis player to win a Wimbledon
singles title, defeating fellow American Darlene Hard 6-3, 6-2.
(AP, 7/6/97)(SFC, 9/29/03, p.A1)
1957 Jul 8, Irish premier Eamon de
Valera arrested Sinn-Fein leaders.
(MC, 7/8/02)
1957 Jul 8, William Cadbury (89),
chocolate maker, died.
(MC, 7/8/02)
1957 Jul 12, The U.S. surgeon
general, Leroy E. Burney (d.1998 at 91), reported that there is a
direct link between smoking and lung cancer. Dr. John Altshuler
(1931-2004) co-researched the "Joint Report of Study Group on Smoking
and Health," published by the US Public Health Service.
(HN, 7/12/98)(SFC, 8/5/98, p.A17)(SFC, 2/7/04, p.A20)
1957 Jul 12, Santa Susana in Los
Angeles County began receiving the nation’s first commercial
electricity from a small, civilian-owned, nuclear reactor. It was shut
down in 1964 and scientists later reported that the plant might be
responsible hundreds of cancer cases. PG&E had teamed with General
Electric to establish the Vallecitos atomic energy plant, the world’s
1st privately owned and operated nuclear facility.
(SFC, 4/7/01, p.A5)(SSFC, 4/8/07, p.A18)
1957 Jul 14, Soviet steamer
"Eshghbad" sank in Caspian Sea and 270 drowned.
(MC, 7/14/02)
1957 Jul 15, James M. Cox
(b.1870), 3-time Ohio governor and founder of Cox Enterprises, died.
Cox was defeated in the 1920 Presidential Election by fellow Ohioan
Senator Warren G. Harding of Marion, Ohio. He left his family a
business that included broadcast properties and a string of newspapers.
(WSJ, 6/2/07,
p.A5)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_M._Cox)
1957 Jul 16, Marine Maj. John
Glenn set a transcontinental speed record when he flew a jet from
California to New York in 3 hours, 23 minutes and 8 seconds.
(AP, 7/16/97)
1957 Jul 17, Lila Bliss found her
daughter, Juliette Hampton Morgan (b.1914), dead next to an empty
bottle of sleeping pills. In 1936 Juliette had signed a pledge with
other women in Montgomery, Alabama, to no longer remain silent in the
face of crime done in their name. In 2007 Mary Stanton authored
“Journey Toward Justice,” a biography of Juliette Hampton Morgan.
(WSJ, 2/17/07, p.P13)
1957 Jul 22, Walter "Fred"
Morrison applied for a patent for a "flying toy" which became known as
the Frisbee.
(AP, 7/22/07)
1957 Jul 22, In El Segundo, Ca., 2
police officers were shot and killed after pulling over a car for
running a red light. Gerald Mason (68) was arrested in 2003 following
fingerprint ID from a new FBI database.
(SFC, 1/30/03, p.A5)
1957 Jul 23, Giuseppe Tomasi di
Lampedusa (b.1896), Sicilian aristocrat and writer, died. His classic
novel “Il Gattopardo” (The Leopard), was published in 1958. David
Gilmour later authored the biography “The Last Leopard” (1991).
(WSJ, 12/9/06, p.P24)
1957 Jul 25, The monarchy in
Tunisia was abolished in favor of a republic.
(AP, 7/25/07)
1957 Jul 26, Pres. Carlos Castillo
Armas of Guatemala was assassinated.
(WUD, 1994, p.1685)
1957 Jul 26, USSR launched the 1st
intercontinental multistage ballistic missile.
(MC, 7/26/02)
1957 Jul 28, The Situationist
International (SI) was formed at a meeting in the Italian village of
Cosio d'Arroscia with the fusion of several extremely small avant-garde
artistic tendencies: the Lettrist International, the International
Movement for an Imaginist Bauhaus (an off-shoot of COBRA), and the
London Psychogeographical Association. The groups came together
intending to reawaken the radical political potential of surrealism.
The group also later drew ideas from the left communist group
Socialisme ou Barbarie.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Situationist_International)
1957 Jul 28, The 6th World Youth
Festival opened in Moscow with the motto “For Peace and Friendship.”
Some 34,000 participated from 131 countries. The 1st such conference
was held in Prague, Czechoslovakia, in 1947. This festival also marked
the international debut of the song "Moscow Nights", which subsequently
went on to become perhaps the most widely recognized Russian song in
the world.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6th_World_Festival_of_Youth_and_Students)
1957 Jul 29, The International
Atomic Energy Agency was established.
(AP, 7/29/97)
1957 Jul 29, Jack Paar made his
debut as host of NBC’s late-night TV show "Tonight" and stayed on till
1962..
(WSJ, 5/1/97, p.A16)(SFC, 5/7/97, p.E1)(AP, 7/29/97)
1957 Jul 31, The Distant Early
Warning Line, a system of radar stations designed to detect Soviet
bombers approaching North America, went into operation.
(AP, 7/31/07)
1957 Jul, Two "unarmed" nuclear
bombs were dropped off Cape May, N.J., by a cargo plane that developed
engine trouble. They were never found.
(SFEC, 11/22/98, Par p.22)
1957 Jul, Work began on San
Francisco’s Central Freeway with construction costs at $7.8 million. It
opened in 1959.
(SFC, 8/21/96, p.A16)(SFC, 1/3/07, p.B1)
1957 Aug 1, The United States and
Canada reached agreement to create the North American Air Defense
Command (NORAD).
(AP, 8/1/97)
1957 Aug 1, Lewis Hill (b.1919)
committed suicide in Duncan Mills, Sonoma County, Ca. He had helped
found Pacifica Radio (KPFA).
(SFC, 7/22/99,
p.E5)(www.ringnebula.com/folio/Issue-12/Conversation_Joy_Hill.htm)
1957 Aug 5, "American Bandstand,"
a teenage dance show hosted by Dick Clark in Philadelphia, made its
network debut on ABC-TV.
(WSJ, 3/24/97, p.B1)(SFC, 11/10/99, p.E3)(AP, 8/5/07)
1957 Aug 6, The Japanese Nikkei
Index pulled ahead of the Dow Jones Index. The Nikkei peaked at 38,915
on Dec 31, 1989.
(WSJ, 9/5/01, p.C1)
1957 Aug 7, Oliver Hardy (65), the
heavier half of the Laurel and Hardy comedy team, died in North
Hollywood, Calif.
(AP, 8/7/07)
1957 Aug 11, Paul Hindemith's
opera "Harmonie der Welt," premiered in Munich.
(MC, 8/11/02)
1957 Aug 15, The musical "West
Side Story," composed by Leonard Bernstein and based on a concept by
Jerome Robbins, first opened in Washington D.C. The story was by Arthur
Laurents and the lyrics were by Stephen Sondheim.
(SFEM, 5/23/99, p.18)
1957 Aug 19, The first balloon
flight to exceed 100,000 feet took off from Crosby, Minnesota. US Major
David Simons reached 30,933 m. in a balloon.
(HN, 8/19/00)(MC, 8/19/02)
1957 Aug 21, Kim Sledge, vocalist
(Sister Sledge-We are Family), was born in Phila.
(SC, 8/21/02)
1957 Aug 25, Prince Suvanna Phuma
formed a government in LAOS with the Pathet Lao.
(MC, 8/25/02)
1957 Aug 26, Ford Motor Company
revealed the Edsel, its latest luxury car.
(HN, 8/26/99)
1957 Aug 26, The Soviet Union
announced it had successfully tested an intercontinental ballistic
missile.
(AP, 8/26/97)
1957 Aug 28, Sen Thurmond began a
24-hr filibuster against civil rights bill.
(MC, 8/28/01)
1957 Aug 29, Congress passed the
Civil Rights Act of 1957. South Carolina Sen. Strom Thurmond (then a
Democrat) ended a filibuster against a civil rights bill after talking
for 24 hours and 18 minutes. Arnold Aronson (d.1998 at 86) help to
lobby for the bill.
(AP, 8/29/97)(SFC, 2/20/98, p.A23)(SSFC, 12/17/00,
Par p.15)
1957 Aug 31, The Federation of
Malaya (Malaysia) gained independence from Britain (National Day).
Malaysia established itself as a constitutional monarchy. Article 11 in
the constitution gave every person “the right to profess and practice
his religion.” Pro-bumiputra (sons of the soil) discrimination was laid
down in the constitution to ease Malays’ fears of being marginalized by
Chinese and Indian migrants. A 1988 amendment denied the regular courts
all jurisdiction over matters dealt with by the Muslim sharia courts.
(YN, 8/31/99)(SFC, 11/22/01, p.A29)(AP,
8/31/07)(Econ, 9/1/07, p.11)
1957 Sep 1, Gloria Estefan, singer
(Miami Sound Machine-Conga, 1-2-3), was born in Cuba.
(SC, 9/1/02)
1957 Sep 2, Pres. Eisenhower
signed the Price-Anderson Act, which limited firms’ liability in
commercial nuclear disasters. The Price-Anderson Nuclear Industries
Indemnity Act, a United States federal law, has since been renewed
several times since its passage.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Price-Anderson_Nuclear_Industries_Indemnity_Act)(SSFC,
4/8/07, p.A18)
1957 Sep 2, Arkansas Gov. Orval
Faubus called out the National Guard to prevent nine black students
from entering Central High School in Little Rock. Pres. Eisenhower soon
responded with Federal troops to enforce federal law for integration.
The nine students, mentored by Daisy Gatson (d.1999 at 84) went on to
lead very productive lives as detailed in a 1997 retrospective.
(www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=89)(SFC, 4/28/00,
p.A11)
1957 Sep 4, Arkansas National
guardsmen turned away Black students from Central High School in Little
Rock. 9 students made it into the school on September 24 under the
protection of federal troops sent by Pres. Eisenhower. In 2007
Elizabeth Jacoway authored “Turn Away Thy Son: Little Rock, the Crises
That Shocked the Nation.”
(AH, 10/07, p.61)
1957 Sep 4, Ford Motor Co.
introduced the 1958 Edsel. It was designed by Roy Brown and sold only
173,000 units through 1960.
(SFEC, 8/31/97, p.D12)(AP, 9/4/97)
1957 Sep 5, Viking Press first
published "On the Road" by Jack Kerouac. Kerouac typed out the
manuscript in 20 days on a single roll of teletype paper. In 1997 his
book of notes from the early 1950s: "Some of the Dharma" was published.
(SFEC, 8/31/97, BR p.8)(SSFC, 1/30/05, p.A19)(AP,
9/5/07)
1957 Sep 5, Cuban dictator Batista
bombed the Cienfuegos uprising.
(MC, 9/5/01)
1957 Sep 7, The original version
of the animated NBC peacock logo, used to denote programs "brought to
you in living color," made its debut at the beginning of "Your Hit
Parade."
(AP, 9/7/07)
1957 Sep 8, Pope Pius XII posted
his encyclical On motion pictures, radio, TV.
(MC, 9/8/01)
1957 Sep 9, President Eisenhower
signed into law the first civil rights bill to pass Congress since
Reconstruction.
(AP, 9/9/97)
1957 Sep 9, Nashville's new Hattie
Cotton Elementary School was dynamited.
(MC, 9/9/01)
1957 Sep 12, James Vicary
(b.1915), a market researcher, announced that he had invented a new way
to get people to buy things, whether they wanted them or not. He called
it subliminal advertising and said that he had tested the process at a
New Jersey movie theater. In 1962 he admitted that his results were
fabricated in order to drum up business for his market research firm. A
subliminal projector called a tachistoscope had been used during World
War II in training soldiers to recognize enemy aircraft. A book
published in 1898 (The New Psychology by E.W. Scripture) laid out most
of the principles of subliminal response.
(WSJ, 11/5/07,
p.B1)(www.straightdope.com/classics/a1_187.html)
1957 Sep 12, Archbishop Makarios
of Cyprus visited the US.
(MC, 9/12/01)
1957 Sep 14, Pres. Eisenhower met
with Arkansas Gov. Faubus in Rhode Island. Gov. Faubus agree to
cooperate with the president’s decisions regarding the high schools of
Little Rock.
(http://tinyurl.com/2vggdj)
1957 Sep 17, Two male attorneys
"stood in" as actress Sophia Loren and producer Carlo Ponti were
married by proxy in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. Legal issues later forced an
annulment; the couple wed in Sevres, France, in 1966.
(AP, 9/17/07)
1957 Sep 17, The Thai army seized
power in Bangkok.
(HN, 9/17/98)
1957 Sep 18, "Wagon Train"
premiered.
(MC, 9/18/01)
1957 Sep 19, The United States
conducted its first underground nuclear test, code-named "Rainier," in
the Nevada desert.
(AP, 9/19/07)
1957 Sep 19, Eight engineers, who
had recently left Shockley Semiconductor, signed papers to form
Fairchild Semiconductor in Santa Clara County. Jean A. Hoerni
(1925-1997) was one of the "Fairchild Eight." He was credited with
building the bridge from the transistor to the integrated circuit.
Eugene Kleiner (d.2003), another co-founder, helped found the Kleiner
Perkins Caufield and Byers venture capital firm in 1972. The other
engineers included Julius Blank, Jay Last, Victor Grinich (d.2000 at
75), Gordon Moore, Robert Noyce and Sheldon Roberts. NYC bankers Arthur
Rock and Bud Coyle helped the engineers start Fairchild Semiconductor.
(SFC, 2/5/97, p.A20)(SFC, 11/11/00, p.A26)(SFC,
11/26/03, p.D1)(SSFC, 9/30/07, p.F1)
1957 Sep 20, "M Squad," starring
Lee Marvin, premiered on NBC-TV.
(AP, 9/20/07)
1957 Sep 20, Jean Julius Christian
Sibelius (b.1865), Finnish composer (Finlandia), died.
(SFC, 10/14/97, p.B3)(WUD, 1994, p.1323)(AP, 9/20/07)
1957 Sep 21, "Perry Mason,"
starring Raymond Burr, premiered on CBS-TV. The show ran to 1965 and
returned in 1985.
(AP, 9/21/97)(SFC, 8/20/99, p.D6)
1957 Sep 21, Norway's King Haakon
VII died in Oslo at age 85.
(AP, 9/21/07)
1957 Sep 22, The TV series
"Maverick" premiered on ABC.
(AP, 9/22/07)
1957 Sep 23, "That'll Be Day" by
Buddy Holly & Crickets reached #1.
(MC, 9/23/01)
1957 Sep 23, Nine black students
who had entered Little Rock Central High School in Arkansas were forced
to withdraw because of a white mob outside. Pres. Eisenhower signed
Executive Order 10730 to send Federal troops to maintain order and
peace while the integration of Central High School in Little Rock, AR,
took place.
(AP,
9/23/97)(www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=89)
1957 Sep 24, The Brooklyn Dodgers
played their last game at Ebbets Field, defeating the Pittsburgh
Pirates 2-to-0.
(AP, 9/24/97)
1957 Sep 24, President Dwight D.
Eisenhower sent federal troops into Little Rock, Arkansas, to protect
nine black students entering its newly integrated high school.
(HN, 9/24/98)
1957 Sep 25, With 300 members of
the U.S. Army's 101st Airborne Division standing guard, nine black
children forced to withdraw from Central High School in Little Rock,
Ark., because of unruly white crowds, were escorted to class. Vice
principle Elizabeth Huckaby (d.1999 at 93) escorted the children and in
1980 published "Crisis at Central High."
(SFC, 3/26/99, p.D5)(AP, 9/25/07)
1957 Sep 26, The musical "West
Side Story" by Leonard Bernstein and Jerome Robbins opened on Broadway.
(SFC, 8/9/96, p.D1)(AP, 9/26/97)
1957 Sep 26, Dag Hammarskjold was
re-elected secretary-general of UN.
(MC, 9/26/01)
1957 Sep 29, The New York Giants
played their last game at the Polo Grounds, losing to the Pittsburgh
Pirates, 9-to-1. The Giants moved to San Francisco.
(AP, 9/29/97)
1957 Sep 29, The Brooklyn Dodgers
played their last game before moving to Los Angeles, losing to the
Phillies 2-1 in Philadelphia.
(AP, 9/29/07)
1957 Sep 29, In Montgomery, West
Pakistan (later renamed to Sahiwal, Pakistan), an express train
collided with stationary oil train and 250 people were killed.
(SFC, 6/4/98, p.A15)(AP, 2/18/04)
1957 Oct 1, The motto "In God We
Trust" began appearing on US paper currency.
(AP, 10/1/07)
1957 Oct 1, B-52 bombers began
full-time flying alert in case of USSR attack.
(MC, 10/1/01)
1957 Oct 2, The World War II drama
"The Bridge on the River Kwai," directed by David Lean, premiered in
Britain. The film opened in the United States the following December.
(AP, 10/2/07)
1957 Oct 3, The comedy series "The
Real McCoys" premiered on ABC-TV. Richard Crenna began playing the
married Luke on "The Real McCoys." The 6-year series starred Walter
Brennan as head of a West Virginia clan that moves to the LA San
Fernando Valley.
(SFC, 1/20/03, p.B4)(AP, 10/3/07)
1957 Oct 3, Willy Brandt was
elected mayor of West Berlin.
(MC, 10/3/01)
1957 Oct 4, The television series
"Leave It to Beaver" premiered on CBS. It ended in 1963 after 6 season.
Joe Connelly (d.2003 at 85), writer-producer, co-created the show.
(AP, 10/4/97)(SFC, 2/15/03, p.A25)
1957 Oct 4, Jimmy Hoffa was
elected president of the Teamsters Union.
(AP, 10/4/07)
1957 Oct 4, The Space Age and
"space race" began as the Soviet Union launched Sputnik (traveler), the
first man-made space satellite. The satellite, built by Valentin
Glushko, weighed 184 pounds and was launched by a converted
Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM). Sputnik, developed under the
chief scientist Sergei Korolyov, orbited the earth every 96 minutes at
a maximum height of 584 miles. The event was timed to celebrate the
40th anniversary of the Bolshevik revolution. In 1958, it reentered the
earth's atmosphere and burned up. It was followed by 9 other Sputnik
spacecraft.
(WSJ, 10/7/96, p.B4)(SFC, 8/2/97, p.A12)(SFEC,
9/28/97, p.A14)(WSJ, 10/3/97, p.A8)(AP, 10/4/97)(HN, 10/4/98)(AP,
10/1/07)
1957 Oct 7, A fire in the
Windscale plutonium production reactor (later called Sellafield) north
of Liverpool, England, spread radioactive iodine and polonium through
the countryside and into the Irish Sea. Livestock in the immediate area
were destroyed, along with 500,000 gallons of milk. At least 30, and
possibly as many as 1,000, cancer deaths were subsequently linked to
the accident. PM Harold Macmillan ordered the disaster hushed up.
(HN, 10/7/00)(Econ, 9/11/04, p.76)(Econ, 10/13/07,
p.63)
1957 Oct 8, The Brooklyn Baseball
Club announced it was accepting an offer to move the Dodgers from New
York to Los Angeles.
(AP, 10/8/07)
1957 Oct 8, Jack Soble, confessed
Soviet spy, was sentenced in NYC to 7 years for espionage.
(MC, 10/8/01)
1957 Oct 10, President Dwight D.
Eisenhower apologized to Komla Agbeli Gbdemah, the finance minister of
Ghana, after the official had been refused service in a Dover, Del.,
restaurant.
(AP, 10/10/97)
1957 Oct 10, The Milwaukee Braves
won the World Series, defeating the New York Yankees in Game 7, 5-0.
(AP, 10/10/07)
1957 Oct 10, The TV series
"Zorro," starring Guy Williams as the masked hero, debuted on ABC.
(AP, 10/10/07)
1957 Oct 13, CBS-TV broadcast "The
Edsel Show," a one-hour live special starring Bing Crosby designed to
promote the new, ill-fated Ford automobile. It was the first special to
use videotape technology to delay the broadcast to the West Coast.
(AP, 10/13/07)
1957 Oct 14, Lester Bowles Pearson
(1897-1972, former president of the UN General Assembly (1952-1953) and
later Canadian PM (1963-1968) won the Nobel Peace Prize for his role in
defusing the Suez crisis.
(www.un.org/depts/dhl/deplib/un_milestones.htm)(http://tinyurl.com/ojxcz)
1957 Oct 16, Britain's Queen
Elizabeth II and Prince Philip began a visit to the United States with
a stopover at the site of the Jamestown settlement in Virginia.
(AP, 10/16/07)
1957 Oct 17, The movie "Jailhouse
Rock," starring Elvis Presley, had its world premiere in Memphis, Tenn.
(AP, 10/17/07)
1957 Oct 17, French author Albert
Camus was awarded the Nobel Prize in literature.
(WUD, 1994, p.524)(AP, 10/17/97)
1957 Oct 17, Britain's Queen
Elizabeth and Prince Philip visited the White House.
(MC, 10/17/01)
1957 Oct 19, "Damn Yankees" closed
at 46th St. Theater NYC after 1,022 performances.
(MC, 10/19/01)
1957 Oct 20, Walter
Cronkite began hosting his weekly documentary: “The Twentieth Century.”
In 1967 the title was changed to “The Twenty-First Century” and it ran
through 1970.
(www.imdb.com/title/tt0050072/)
1957 Oct 21, The film "Jailhouse
Rock" starring Elvis Presley opened.
(MC, 10/21/01)
1957 Oct 22, Conrad Adenauer was
re-elected chancellor of West-Germany.
(MC, 10/22/01)
1957 Oct 24, Christian Dior (52),
French fashion magnate and inventor of the postwar "New Look," died in
Italy. He was succeeded by his favorite assistant, Yves Saint Laurent.
(SFC, 1/9/97, p.E7)(SFC, 6/9/98, p.D3)(MC, 10/24/01)
1957 Oct 25, The movie musical
"Pal Joey," starring Frank Sinatra, Rita Hayworth and Kim Novak, was
released.
(AP, 10/25/07)
1957 Oct 25, Mob boss Albert
Anastasia, the "Lord High Executioner" of "Murder Inc.," was shot to
death in a barber shop inside the Park Sheraton Hotel in New York.
(AP, 10/25/07)
1957 Oct 26, The Russian
government announced that Marshal Georgi Zhukov, the nation’s most
prominent military hero, had been relieved of his duties as Minister of
Defense. Khrushchev accused Zhukov of promoting his own "cult of
personality" and saw him as a threat to his own popularity.
(AP, 10/26/97)(HN, 10/26/98)
1957 Oct 26, Nicos Kazantzakis
(b.1885), writer (The Last Temptation of Christ), died.
(MC, 10/26/01)
1957 Oct 29, Louis B. Mayer
(b.1885), Belarus born MGM producer, died. In 2005 Scott Eyman authored
“Lion of Hollywood: The Life and Legend of Louis B. Mayer.”
(www.answers.com/topic/louis-b-mayer)
1957 Oct 29, Hand grenade exploded
in Israel's Knesset (Parliament).
(MC, 10/29/01)
1957 Oct 31, "Jamaica" opened at
Imperial Theater in NYC for 558 performances.
(MC, 10/31/01)
1957 Oct, Pres. Eisenhower
federalized the Arkansas National Guard and ordered them to return to
their armories, which effectively removed them from the control of Gov.
Faubus.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orval_Faubus)
1957 Nov 1, World longest
suspension bridge opened in Mackinac Straits, Mich.
(MC, 11/1/01)
1957 Nov 2, The 1st titanium mill
opened in Toronto, Ohio.
(MC, 11/2/01)
1957 Nov 3, Canada fired up the
National Research Universal (NRU) nuclear reactor near Ottawa. The 200
MWt reactor began producing medical and industrial radioisotopes,
including molybdenum-99, a critical isotope used for medical diagnoses.
(Econ, 6/20/09,
p.38)(www.aecl.ca/Science/RR/History.htm)
1957 Nov 3, The Soviet Union
launched into orbit Sputnik Two, the second manmade satellite; a dog on
board named Laika, the first animal in space, was sacrificed in the
experiment. Sputnik 2 remained in orbit another 162 days before burning
up. Safe reentry process had not yet been developed.
(TMC, 1994, p.1957)(AP, 11/3/97)(HN, 11/3/98)
1957 Nov 3, Wilhelm Reich (60),
Austria-US psychoanalyst (sexual), died.
(MC, 11/3/01)
1957 Nov 8, Romance of the Skies,
a Pan Am luxury airliner enroute to Hawaii from San Francisco, crashed
in the Pacific Ocean. Only a handful of bodies and some wreckage were
found. A crew of 6 and 38 passengers had been booked on the flight.
(SSFC, 11/4/07, p.A1)
1957 Nov 15, US sentenced Soviet
spy Rudolf Ivanovich Abel to 30 years and $3,000 fine.
(MC, 11/15/01)
1957 Nov 15, Soviet Premier
Khrushchev asserted Soviet superiority in missiles, challenging the
U.S. to a rocket-range shooting match.
(HN, 11/15/98)
1957 Nov 16, Edward Gein butchered
his last victim. Gein, a handyman in Plainfield, Wis., liked to dig up
fresh graves, cut the skin off corpses, wear the skin on his own body
and dance in the moonlight. He was picked up in this year and evidence
showed that he’d been collecting body parts for years. He had skulls on
bedposts, a human heart in a saucepan, and a lady out in his barn
dressed like a deer. The 1974 film "Texas Chainsaw Massacre" was based
on his story.
(SFC, 5/18/96, p.E-4)(MC, 11/16/01)
1957 Nov 18, Antonin Novotny
(1904-1975) was appointed president of Czechoslovakia and served to
1968.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton%C3%ADn_Novotn%C3%BD)
1957 Nov 21, A student strike
began at the Central Univ. of Venezuela (UCV) against the electoral
fraud of the dictatorship of Marcos Perez Jimenez. This soon led his
downfall.
(WSJ, 11/24/07,
p.A12)(www.handsoffvenezuela.org/students_march_referendum.htm)
1957 Nov 25, President Eisenhower
suffered a slight stroke. [see Nov 26]
(AP, 11/25/97)
1957 Nov 26, President Eisenhower
suffers a minor stroke. [see Nov 25]
(HN, 11//99)
1957 Nov 27, Caroline
Kennedy-Schlossberg, attorney, JFK & Jackie's daughter, was born.
(MC, 11/27/01)
1957 Nov 27, Army withdrew from
Little Rock, Ark., after Central HS integration.
(MC, 11/27/01)
1957 Nov 28, "Look Homeward,
Angel" with Anthony Perkins premiered in NYC.
(DT, 11/28/97)
1957 Nov 29, John Coltrane and the
Thelonius Monk quartet performed together for a show at Carnegie Hall.
Tapes of the performance, recorded by Voice of America, were mislabeled
and lost until 2005.
(SFC, 10/4/05, p.E8)
1957 Nov 29, Erich Wolfgang
Korngold (60), Austrian-US composer (Kathrin, sound tracks for Captain
Blood, Don Juan), died.
(MC, 11/29/01)
1957 Nov 29, Adolfas
Ramanauskas-Vanagas, born in the US in 1918, was shot to death in
Vilnius for partisan activities in southern Lithuania.
(LHC, 3/6/03)
1957 Nov 30, An assassination
attempt on Indonesian Pres. Sukarno killed 8.
(MC, 11/30/01)
1957 Nov, Gordon Gould (d.2005), a
Columbia Univ. doctoral student under Dr. Townes, came up with a
process for concentrating visible light as opposed to microwaves of a
maser. He was the 1st to use the term laser.
(Econ, 6/11/05, TQ p.28)
1957 Nov, William E. Schirmer
(b.1891), SF Bay Area architect, died in a car crash along with his
wife when a drunk driver crossed a center line.
(SFC, 8/2/08, p.F6)
1957 Dec 2, The Shippingport
Atomic Power Station in Pennsylvania, the first full-scale commercial
nuclear facility to generate electricity in the US, went critical. [see
July 12] It was taken out of service in 1982.
(SSFC, 4/8/07, p.A18)(AP, 12/2/07)
1957 Dec 5, The William Inge play,
“The Dark at the Top of the Stairs,” opened at New York's Music Box
Theatre and ran for a total of 468 performances, closing on January 17,
1959. It was directed by Elia Kazan. The drama was reworked by Inge
from his earlier play, Farther Off from Heaven, first staged in 1947 at
Margo Jones' Theatre '47 in Dallas, Texas.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Dark_at_the_Top_of_the_Stairs)
1957 Dec 5, NYC became the 1st
city to legislate against racial or religious discrimination in housing
market with its Fair Housing Practices Law.
(MC, 12/5/01)
1957 Dec 6, AFL-CIO members voted
to expel the International Brotherhood of Teamsters. The union had been
expelled because of racketeering by its executives, including union
president Dave Beck and vice president James R. Hoffa. The criminal
activity was disclosed during a special Senate committee investigation
of racketeering and organized crime in labor-management relations. The
Teamsters were readmitted in Oct, 1987, but disaffiliated themselves
from the AFL-CIO in 2005.
(HNQ, 1/8/99)(AP, 12/6/07)
1957 Dec 6, America's first
attempt at putting a satellite into orbit failed as Vanguard TV3 rose
only about four feet off a Cape Canaveral, Fla., launch pad before
crashing back down and exploding.
(AP, 12/6/08)
1957 Dec 9, Japan [announced?] its
1st ambassador to Israel.
(MC, 12/9/01)
1957 Dec 11, The movie "Peyton
Place," based on the novel by Grace Metalious, had its world premiere
in Camden, Maine, where most of it had been filmed.
(AP, 12/11/07)
1957 Dec 17, The United States
successfully test-fired the Atlas intercontinental ballistic missile
for the first time.
(AP, 12/17/97)
1957 Dec 18, Alex Guinness,
William Holden and Jack Hawkins starred in the film "Bridge on the
River Kwai." It premiered at the RKO Palace Theater in New York City
and later won multiple Oscars.
(WSJ, 2/27/96, p.A19)(SFEC, 9/8/96, DB p.8)(AP,
12/18/97)
1957 Dec 18, The Shippingport
Atomic Power Station in Pennsylvania, the first nuclear facility to
generate electricity in the United States, went on line [see July 12].
(AP, 12/18/07)
1957 Dec 19, The musical play "The
Music Man," starring Robert Preston, with book and songs by Meredith
Willson, opened on Broadway at the Majestic Theater for 1,375
performances. Mason City, Iowa, Willson's home town, unveiled Music Man
Square in 2002
(AP, 12/19/97)(MC, 12/19/01)(SSFC, 3/14/04, p.D12)
1957 Dec 20, Elvis Presley was
given a draft notice to join US Army for National Service.
(MC, 12/20/01)
1957 Dec 25, Frederick Law Olmsted
(87), US architect (Central Park, NYC), died.
(MC, 12/25/01)
1957 Dec 25, Ramdane Abane
(b.1920), Algerian Berber revolutionary leader, was assassinated in
Morocco.
(www.amazighworld.org/history/personalities/ramdane_abane.php)(SFC,
6/28/08, p.E2)
1957 Dec 26, Yhe Ingmar Bergman
film "Wild Strawberries," starring Victor Sjostrom, opened in Sweden.
(AP, 12/26/07)
1957 Dec 29, Singers Steve
Lawrence and Eydie Gorme were married in Las Vegas.
(AP, 12/29/97)
1957 Dec, The 1st Beijing Int’l.
Airport opened.
(Hem, 8/02, p.34)
1957 AndreÏ Makine, writer,
was born in Siberia. He emigrated to Paris in 1987 where he authored
"Dreams of My Russian Summers" (1994), "The Crime of Olga Arbyelina"
(1998) and "Music of a Life" (2002).
(SSFC, 8/18/02, p.M3)
1957 Francis Bacon painted his
"Study for Portrait of Van Gogh, V."
(SFEC, 5/30/99, DB p.29)
1957 Alexander Calder (1898-1976)
made his black standing piece "Seven-Foot Beastie."
(SFC,11/15/97, p.C1)
1957 Roy De Forest painted the
racially charged "It’s a Long Way to Alabama."
(SFEC, 9/29/96, DB p.44)
1957 Don Martin (d.2000 at 68),
one of Mad's maddest cartoonists, began working for Mad. Martin left
Mad in 1987 and published his Don Martin cartoon magazine in 1994.
(SFC, 1/8/00, p.A20)
1957 Alberto Giacometti made a
bronze portrait bust of his brother Diego.
(SFC, 6/5/98, p.A17)
1957 Jasper Johns painted "Drawer"
and "Book."
(SFEC, 11/24/96, C15)
1957 David Park painted his
classic "Canoe."
(SFC, 10/22/98, p.E6)
1957 Picasso created a suit of 45
pictures based on Velasquez’s "Las Meninas" over a 4-month period.
(WSJ, 7/17/01, p.A16)
1957 Ted Hughes (1930-1998),
British poet, published his first book of poetry "Hawk in the Rain." It
re-defined the shape of post-war English poetry.
(SFC, 10/30/98, p.A17)(Econ, 11/8/03, p.83)
1957 John Osborne wrote his play
"The Entertainer."
(WSJ, 11/27/96, p.A10)
1957 Gary Becker (b.1930), Nobel
prize winning economist (1992), authored “The Economics of
Discrimination.”
(Econ, 11/15/08, p.92)
1957 Rolf Blomberg published
"Buried Treasure and the Anacondas," an account of the search for Inca
treasure in the Llanganati Mountains of Ecuador.
(SFEC, 7/5/98, p.A10)
1957 Herb Caen, SF newspaper
columnist, wrote his 5th book "Caen’s Guide to San Francisco."
(SFEC, 2/2/97, p.A13)
1957 Leon Festinger authored “A
Theory of Cognitive Dissonance.” The basic idea behind cognitive
dissonance theory is that people do not like to have dissonant
cognitions. As a result, when someone does experience two or more
dissonant cognitions (or conflicting thoughts), they will attempt to do
away with the dissonance.
(WSJ, 12/4/06, p.B1)
1957 John Fleming (d.1997 at 77),
an int’l. legal scholar, wrote "The Law of Torts," a classic work on
personal injury law.
(SFC, 9/27/97, p.C2)
1957 E. Franklin Frazier published
his work: "Black Bourgeoisie."
(Civilization, July-Aug, 1995, p. 37)
1957 Arthur Frommer self-published
his first travel book "Europe on $5 a Day." It had begun as a guidebook
for GI’s.
(SFEC, 11/10/96, p.T2)(SSFC, 5/6/07, p.G3)
1957 Stanford Prof. Edward
Gintzton (d.1998 at 82) wrote his textbook "Microwave Measurement." He
was a pioneer in the development of medical linear accelerators for the
treatment of cancer and co-founded Varian Associates (1948).
(SFC, 8/18/98, p.A18)
1957 Martin Luther King wrote his
autobiography "Stride Toward Freedom."
(SFEM, 2/2/97, p.14)
1957 "The Copernican Revolution"
by Thomas Samuel Kuhn (1923-1996) was published.
(SFC, 6/21/96, p.E2)
1957 Theodore Geisel (aka Dr.
Seuss) wrote "The Cat in the Hat" and "How the Grinch Stole Christmas."
(SFC, 3/28/97, p.D2)(WSJ, 12/24/98, p.B1)
1957 William Gibson published "The
Miracle Worker," the story of Helen Keller.
(SFEC, 8/16/98, BR p.3)
1957 Richard Hoggart (b.1918),
British academic, authored “The Uses of Literacy,” a pioneering work of
cultural criticism and look at the English working class after WWII.
(WSJ, 9/20/08,
p.W8)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Hoggart)
1957 Janos Kornai (b.1928),
Hungarian economist, authored “Overcentralization.” This was the 1st
book by an economist behind the Iron Curtain to examine the command of
“actual socialism” and to criticize central planning.
(WSJ, 1/30/07, p.B15)
1957 C.Y. Lee authored his novel
"The Flower Drum Song," a story of San Francisco’s Chinatown. It
inspired a Rogers and Hammerstein musical and was made into a film in
1961.
(SFC, 9/18/02, p.A1)
1957 Max Lerner authored "America
as a Civilization."
(WSJ, 11/10/98, p.A20)
1957 Norman Mailer published his
essay "The White Negro" in Dissent.
(WSJ, 2/24/97, p.A20)
1957 James Michener (d.1997 at 90)
wrote his novel "The Bridge at Andau," and co-authored "Rascals in
Paradise." He also published his "Selected Writings."
(SFC,10/17/97, p.A17)
1957 The book “The Sultan in Oman”
by Jan Morris (b.1926), British travel writer, was published. It was
set in 1955 and described the Sultan’s traveling party after a brief
war.
(www.hku.hk/english/courses2000/2045/morris.htm)
1957 Wright Morris won the
National Book Award for his epic novel "The Field of Vision."
(SFC, 5/1/98, p.D7)
1957 Vladimir Nabokov authored his
novel “Pnin,” the story of a master failer.
(WSJ, 2/16/08, p.W10)
1957 Vance Packard (1914-1996)
wrote "Hidden Persuaders," a critique of advertising and the consumer
society. Packard revealed physiological techniques used by advertisers,
including subliminal messages.
(SFC, 12/13/96, p.B6)(Econ, 12/20/08, p.107)
1957 Darcy Ribeiro, anthropologist
(1923-1997), wrote "Indigenous Language and Cultures in Brazil."
(SFC, 2/20/96, p.A20)
1957 Ayn Rand wrote her novel
"Atlas Shrugged."
(SFEC, 7/26/98, BR p.3)
1957 Martin Russ authored "The
Last Parallel," an memoir of combat in the Korean War.
(SFEC, 4/25/99, Par p.18)
1957 Ian Pierre Watt (d.1999 at
82), professor at Stanford, authored "The Rise of the Novel." His work
also included "Myths of Modern Individualism" and "Essays on Conrad." A
collection of his essays, "Critical History: The Career of Ian Watt,"
was published after his death.
(SFC, 12/16/99, p.A33)
1957 Evelyn Waugh authored "The
Ordeal of Gilbert Pinfold." "He abhorred plastics, Picasso, sunbathing
and Jazz—everything in fact that had happened in his lifetime."
(WSJ, 1/4/02, p.A11)
1957 In East Germany Ruth Werner
(d.2000), Communist spy in Britain during WW II, authored a novel of
her early years: "An Unusual Girl."
(SFC, 7/11/00, p.A23)
1957 "The Bald Singer" began
running at the La Huchette theater in Paris. It was still being
performed in 1996.
(SFEC, 10/20/96, T9)
1957 The first Lithuanian Folk
Dance Festival in the US was held.
(Dr, 7/96, V1#1, p.5)
1957 The ballet "Sonate a trois"
by Maurice Bejart was based on Jean-Paul Sartre’s play "No Exit." The
music was from the "Sonata for Piano and Percussion" by Bela Bartok.
(SFC, 11/8/96, p.C5)
1957 The ballet "Agon" with music
by Stravinsky was produced by George Balanchine.
(WSJ, 6/19/97, p.A16)(WSJ, 10/10/00, p.A24)
1957 Benjamin Britten wrote his
ballet "The Prince of the Pagoda's."
(SFEC, 1/17/99, DB p.29)
1957 The Broadway show "Square
Root of Wonderful" by Carson McCullers featured the debut of Mark
Lenard (1918-1996), later Sarek of Vulcan, the father of Mr. Spock.
(SFC, 11/27/96, p.B2)
1957 The Broadway musical
"Jamaica" with Lena Horne was directed by Robert Lewis.
(SFC,11/25/97, p.A22)
1957 Capital Records put out a
12-inch album titled “Birth of the Cool.” It included recordings from
1949-1950 singles by a NYC nonet under Miles Davis.
(WSJ, 7/5/08, p.W12)
1957 Jonel Perlea (1900-1970),
Romania-born composer, became the principal conductor of the
Connecticut Symphony and continued there for ten years.
(http://soundfountain.org/rem/remperlea.html)
1957 The jazz opera "Shinbone
Alley" opened on Broadway. It was written by Joe Darion with music by
George Kleinsinger.
(SFC, 6/22/01, p.D4)
1957 The Broadway show "Time
Remembered" starred Richard Burton, Helen Hayes and Susan Strasberg. It
was based on the play "Leucadia" by Jean Anouilh.
(SFC, 8/12/00, p.A22)
1957 "Eugenia" with Tallulah
Bankhead was produced on Broadway by Randolph Carter.
(SFC, 10/24/98, p.A22)
1957 Marvin Mirisch (d.2002 at 84)
and his brothers, Walter and Harold (d.1968), launched a film
production outfit that led to 68 movies over the next 17 years.
(SFC, 11/21/02, p.A25)
1957 "Half Gun, Will Travel" began
to run on TV and continued for 6 years.
(SFC,10/24/97, p.E5)
1957 MGM closed its cartoon studio
in a panic over diminishing audiences due to television. William Hanna
and Joe Barbera (1911-2006) formed their own company and began making
cartoons for TV. The Hanna-Barbera TV cartoon program "Ruff &
Reddy" began.
(SFC, 6/3/97, p.B4)(WSJ, 12/21/06, p.D8)
1957 Terrytoons produced the "Tom
Terrific" cartoons series until 1959. Lionel Wilson (d.2003 at 79) was
the voice. It ran on Captain Kangaroo.
(SFC, 5/31/03, p.A20)
1957 Sea Hunt with Lloyd Bridges
(d.1998) began as a TV series. It ran to 1961. It was mostly filmed at
the Marineland of the Pacific in LA.
(SFC, 3/11/98, p.A4)
1957 Elvis Presley appeared a 2nd
time on the Ed Sullivan TV Show.
(SFC,1/22/97, p.A20)
1957 Lawrence Harvey Zeigler,
later known as Larry King, began sweeping floors for at a radio station
in Miami.
(WT-NWA, 7/01, p.43)
1957 Stripper Tempest Storm, born
as Annie Banks in Eastman, Georgia, signed a $100,000 contract in SF to
tour the burlesque circuit. In 1987 she published her autobiography:
"The Lady Is a Vamp."
(SFC, 7/15/99, p.B7)
1957 Barney Wilen, French
saxophonist, sat in with Miles Davis on a session for "Ascenser pour
l’Echafaud" (Elevator for the Scaffold), a classic film by Louis Malle.
(SFC, 5/28/96, p.A15)
1957 Harry Belafonte sang his
"Banana Boat Song."
(SFEC, 9/8/96, DB p.64)
1957 The Coasters sang "Down in
Mexico."
(SFC, 11/20/02, p.A21)
1957 Sammy Cooke made a hit with
"You Send Me." He had just switched from gospel music to pop. Clifton
White (d.1998 at 76), guitarist and band leader, led the band behind
Cooke’s music.
(SFC, 4/798, p.A21)
1957 Johnny Heartsman recorded
"Johnny’s House Party," a top 20 R&B hit.
(SFC, 1/1/97 p.C2)
1957 Bobby Helms recorded "Jingle
Bell Rock."
(SFC, 12/24/99, p.C8)
1957 The Kingston Trio singing
group formed in and around Palo Alto, Calif.
(SFEC, 8/11/96, DB, p.52)
1957 Buddy Knox had a hit with his
song "Party Doll."
(SFC, 8/12/96, p.D1)
1957 John Lennon met Paul
McCartney and invited him to join his Quarrymen. McCartney soon
introduced Lennon to George Harrison.
(SFC, 12/1/01, p.D1)
1957 Thelonious Monk recorded
alone on Round Midnight. A CD was later released titled Thelonious
Monk, Thelonious Himself (Riverside Original Jazz Classics). Monk also
wrote "Crepuscule with Nellie," a ballad to his wife (d.2002).
(WSJ, 10/14/95, p.A-12)(SFC, 6/28/02, p.A26)
1957 Frank Sinatra sang "All the
Way."
(SFC, 11/2/96, p.E4)
1957 Don Stover (1928-1996), blue
grass banjo player, recorded "Knee Deep in Bluegrass," with Bill
Monroe. His bands included the Coal River Valley Boys, the Lilly
Brothers Band and the White Oak Mountain Boys with whom he recorded
"Things in Life."
(SFC, 11/13/96, p.C3)
1957 Richard Berry recorded
"Louie, Louie" with the Pharaohs on Flip Records. It was intended as
the B-side of "You Are My Sunshine." It sold about 130,000 copies.
(SFC, 1/25/97, p.A19)(SFC, 4/11/98, p.C5)
1957 Margaret Hillis (d.1998 at
76) founded the Chicago Symphony Chorus.
(SFC, 2/7/98, p.21)
1957 The Santa Fe Opera opened
with its first season.
(WSJ, 8/15/96, p.A10)
1957 Martin Stone (d.1998 at 83)
founded WVIP Radio in Mount Kisco, N.Y. He produced "Howdy Doody" at
NBC in the late 40s and early 50s and "Author Meets the Critics."
(SFC, 6/19/98, p.B6)
1957 In Toledo, Ohio the Craig
Memorial Bridge, a drawbridge over the Maumee River, became a major
link for trucks between Ohio and Michigan.
(USAT, 10/9/98, p.20A)
1957 Canyon Dam, 30 miles NE of
San Antonio, Tx., was completed.
(SFC, 7/5/02, p.A4)
1957 Eichler Homes in California
began to offer an atrium as a sales booster.
(SFEM, 11/3/96, p.14)
1957 In California the first
American plastic home was exhibited in Disneyland's Tomorrowland.
(WSJ, 1/22/99, p.W10)
1957 The United Church of Christ
was formed as a combination of the Congregational-Christian Church, the
Evangelical Church and the Reformed Church. These were outgrowths of
the German Reformed Church (1793) and the German Evangelical Synod of
North America (1872).
(SFC, 7/21/97, p.A11)
1957 Rev. Billy Graham led a New
York Crusade at Madison Square Garden that was televised coast-to-coast.
(SFEC, 9/21/97, Z1 p.3)
1957 Martin Luther King helped
found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference.
(WSJ, 11/3/97, p.A20)
1957 Carlo Gambino (d.1976) became
head of the Gambino crime family and was later the model for Don
Corleone in the film "The Godfather."
(SSFC, 8/11/02, Par p.4)
1957 On the West Coast the Beat
Generation wore beards and sandals and experimented with Zen and pot
with Jack Kerouac’s "On the Road" (1956) as their Bible. The character
Elmo Hassel was Herbert Huncke, beat poet and addict.
(TMC, 1994, p.1957)(SFC, 8/9/96, p.D1)
1957 California state prison
guards formed the California Correctional Officers Association, mainly
as a social organization. The group became politically active in the
1970s and in 1982 formally organized as a labor union.
(SSFC, 9/14/08, p.A7)
1957 Billy Barty (d.2000 at 76)
founded Little People of America, an advocacy group for dwarfs.
(SSFC, 12/24/00, p.B5)
1957 Leo Castelli (d.1999 at 91)
opened his art gallery on East 77th Street in NYC. He became the
arbiter of a new movement, Neo-Dada, that quickly transformed to the
Pop Art scene.
(WSJ, 8/25/99, p.A16)
1957 GQ, a men's fashion magazine
was founded.
(SFC, 6/12/03, p.A25)
1957 Life magazine printed R.
Gordon Wasson’s “Seeking the Magic Mushroom” detailing his experiences
at a religious ritual in Mexico. Wasson, a vice-president of J.P.
Morgan, experienced the hallucinogenic psilocybin mushroom during a
trip to Mexico in 1955.
(WSJ, 7/11/06, p.B10)(Econ, 7/15/06, p.78)
1957 National Geographic Magazine
published a picture of flamingos that inspired Donald Featherstone of
Leominster, Mass., to start a business making plastic models for yard
ornaments. The plastic flamingo was designed at Union Products in Mass.
In 1958.
(SFEC, 11/24/96, zone 1 p.2)(SFC, 7/14/99, p.8)
1957 Tatyana (d.1982) and Maurice
Grosman set up the Universal Limited Art Editions lithography workshop
(ULAE) in a Long Island carriage house.
(SFC, 3/31/97, p.E6)
1957 Mrs. Leonard "Etya" Gechtoff,
owner of the East and West Gallery in SF coined the term "beatnik"
following the launch of Sputnik. For the self-labeled Beat Movement of
the 1950s and '60s, "beat" originally meant "exhausted." It was later
sometimes interpreted as "beatific" and also derisively as "beatnik."
Centered in the Bohemian artist communities in California and New York,
the movement was social and literary with adherents adopting a style of
seedy dress and the "hip" vocabulary of jazz musicians. Major figures
of the movement were novelist Jack Kerouac and poet Allen Ginsberg.
(SFC,11/11/97,
p.D3)(www.aaa.si.edu/collections/oralhistories/transcripts/conner74.htm)
1957 Newspaper columnist Herb Caen
picked up the term "beatnik" to describe the Beat poets of San
Francisco.
(www.aaa.si.edu/collections/oralhistories/transcripts/conner74.htm)
1957 Commercial jet travel began
to grow.
(SFEC,12/797, p.T3)
1957 Tang, a dry breakfast
beverage in crystal form, was introduced.
(SFEC, 1/3/99, DB p.27)
1957 Ben Eisenstadt, founder of
Cumberland Packaging Corp., with his son Marvin and chemist Paul
Kracauer developed an artificial sweetener that was initially geared
toward diabetics. The formula later became known as Sweet’N Low. In
2006 Rich Cohen authored “Sweet and Low: A Family History.”
(SSFC, 4/23/06, p.M6)
1957 Boxer Middleweight Sugar Ray
Robinson lost, won and lost his title.
(SFC, 11/2/96, p.E4)
1957 Reporters William Lambert
(d.1998 at 78) and Wallace Turner won a Pulitzer Prize for
investigative reporting for their series on Dave Beck, the president of
the Int’l. Brotherhood of Teamsters. They exposed that Teamsters and
racketeers had combined forces to take over the Portland City
government. The articles in the Oregonian were later used by Robert
Kennedy for his probe on the Teamsters.
(SFC, 2/10/98, p.A22)
1957 The 29th Academy Awards were
held at the Pantages Theater in Hollywood. Ingrid Bergman won for her
role in Anastasia.
(SFC, 3/15/02, p.D1)
1957 Mr. Magoo, a near-sighted
cartoon character, won his 2nd academy award.
(WSJ, 7/31/97, p.A1)
1957 A group of scientists and
supporters from around the world gathered in Pugwash, Nova Scotia, to
call attention to the risks of nuclear war. In 1995 scientists in
London had issued a manifesto declaring that researchers must take
responsibility for their creations, such as the atomic bomb. The
manifesto served as the philosophical origin for the Pugwash Conference.
(WSJ, 10/16/95, p. A-15)(SFC, 9/2/05, p.B5)
1957 Pres. Eisenhower named
Elbridge Durbrow (d.1997 at 93) as ambassador to South Vietnam, the
newly divided southern portion of Indochina. He served there until
1961.
(SFC, 5/24/97, p.A20)
1957 Pres. Eisenhower gave
authority to senior military commanders to retaliate with nuclear
weapons if the president could not be reached or was unable to respond
to a nuclear attack against the US in a policy known as "pre-delegation
authority." A memo to this effect was dated Dec 19, 1958.
(SFC, 3/21/98, p.A2)(SFC, 9/2/98, p.A5)
1957 Pres. Eisenhower approved the
execution of John Bennett, an Army private convicted of raping and
attempting to kill an 11-year-old Austrian girl. He was hanged in 1961.
(AP, 7/29/08)
1957 Vice-president Richard Nixon
was stoned in Caracas.
(TMC, 1994, p.1957)
1957 Pres. Eisenhower appointed
Dr. Katherine B. Oettinger (d.1997 at 94) chief of the Children’s
Bureau in the Dept. of Health, Education and Welfare (HEW). The bureau
was abolished in 1967 under Pres. Johnson.
(SFC,10/20/97, p.A19)
1957 Herbert Brownell, US attorney
general, resigned. He was replaced by William P. Rogers (d.2000 at 87).
Rogers later served as sec. of state under Pres. Nixon (1969-1973).
(SFC, 1/4/01, p.C3)
1957 The US began its Corona
project, an attempt to put a reconnaissance satellite into orbit. The
first 12 launch attempts failed. In 1998 2 books were published on the
project: "Eye in the Sky" a collection of essays edited by 3 experts
and "The Corona Project" by Curtis Peebles.
(WSJ, 7/6/98, p.A13)
1957 The US Mail Special Delivery
increased to $.30 for the guaranteed immediate delivery.
(SFC, 6/7/97, p.A6)
1957 In the US Arkansas Gov.
Orville Faubus called out the National Guard to prevent school
integration at Little Rock High School and Eisenhower responded with
Federal troops to enforce federal law for integration.
(TMC, 1994, p.1957)(SFC, 5/19/95, C-15)
1957 The US Senate investigated
the Teamsters and leaders Dave Beck and Jimmy Hoffa.
(TMC, 1994, p.1957)
1957 William Proxmire (1915-2005),
Wisconsin Democrat, won a special election to fill the seat of US Sen.
Joseph R. McCarthy. Proxmire served until 1989.
(SFC, 12/16/05, p.A4)
1957 The legal term "informed
consent" was first used by attorney Paul Gebhard (d.1997 at 69) in a
court proceeding of Salgo vs. Leland Stanford Jr. Univ. The ruling in
the case defined the term "full disclosure."
(SFC, 8/26/97, p.A22)
1957 The FBI closed its
investigation on Jay Lovestone (d.1999), a former Communist turned CIA
informer, after 6 years of wiretaps. Lovestone worked as an executive
secretary for the AFL's Free Trade Union Committee which was primarily
supported by CIA funds.
(WSJ, 5/19/99, p.A20)
1957 Mississippi created the
Sovereignty Commission to fight against the Civil Rights movement. It
informed the police about planned marches and encouraged police
harassment of African-Americans who cooperated with civil rights groups.
(WSJ, 6/11/99, p.A8)
1957 Bill and Daisy Myers became
the first Black couple to buy a house in Levittown (Willingboro), Pa.
State police were required to protect them. They lived there until
1961. In 1999 Daisy was given a reception and an apology from the
Bristol Township Mayor Sam Fenton. Levittown was created by William
Levitt, who kept costs down by bringing in ready made walls and buying
appliances directly from manufacturers. In 2009 David Kushner authored
“Levittown: Two Families, One Tycoon, and the Fight for Civil Rights in
America’s Legendary Suburb.”
(SFC, 12/9/99, p.A6)(Econ, 5/31/08, p.28)(WSJ,
2/5/08, p.A11)
1957 Hondo Oil Co., led by Robert
O. Anderson (1917-2007), discovered the quarter-billion-barrel
Empire-Abo oilfield in southeast New Mexico.
(WSJ, 12/8/07, p.A7)
1957 In San Francisco Cyril
Magnin, mercantile family head, and George Killion, chief executive of
American President Lines, founded the World Trade Club. In 2006 the
club dissolved due to declining membership and financial losses.
(SFC, 10/24/06, p.B3)
1957 The C.A. Thayer, a 3-masted
wooden schooner, made its last voyage to SF from Puget Sound under the
command of Adrian F. Raynaud (d.1997 at 102). The ship was berthed at
the SF Maritime National Historic Park. It was built as a lumber
schooner in Eureka, Ca., in 1895 and made its last commercial voyage as
a cod fishing boat in 1950. In 2007 it was re-christened at the Hyde
Street Pier following a $14 million rebuild in Alameda.
(SFC,12/9/97, p.A24)(SFEC, 7/12/98, DB p.31)(SFC,
4/13/07, p.B1)
1957 The founders of Insta Burger
King in Miami changed its name to Burger King and introduced the
broiled Whopper.
(SFC, 8/10/96, p.A20)
1957 Chrysler pioneered a Highway
Hi-Fi system that actually played records.
(WSJ, 6/19/96, Adv. Supl)
1957 In the US the first coupon
clearing house was created. The first consumer coupon was an offer for
a free glass of Coca-Cola issued in the mid 1890s.
(WSJ, 2/16/08, p.A12)
1957 Ford introduced the Edsel. It
was the first car designed using market research. Americans rejected
the car.
(WSJ, 6/19/96, Adv. Supl)
1957 Fritz Wankel brought out his
rotary engine.
(SFC, 11/2/96, p.E4)
1957 Jackie Robinson, baseball
star, became vice president of Chock Full O’Nuts. In 1996 his widow,
Rachel, co-wrote with Lee Daniels: "Jackie Robinson: An Intimate
Portrait." In 1997 Arnold Rampersad published Jackie Robinson, A
Biography."
(SFEC, 12/15/96, BR p.10)(SFEC,10/19/97, BR p.1)
1957 AT&T introduced its
Touchtone phones.
(SFC,10/24/97, p.E5)
1957 Seymour Cray (1925-1996)
co-founded Control Data Corp. where he built the first computer to use
radio transistors instead of vacuum tubes.
(SFC, 9/24/96, p.A6)
1957 Eight engineers left Shockley
Semiconductor to form Fairchild Semiconductor. Jean A. Hoerni
(1925-1997) was one of the "Fairchild Eight," founders of the Fairchild
Semiconductor Corp. He was credited with building the bridge from the
transistor to the integrated circuit. Victor Grinich (d.2000 at 75)
helped form Fairchild. Eugene Kleiner (d.2003), another co-founder,
helped found the Kleiner Perkins Caufield and Byers venture capital
firm in 1972. Others included Jay Last, C. Sheldon Roberts and Julius
Blank.
(SFC, 2/5/97, p.A20)(SFC, 11/11/00, p.A26)(SFC,
11/26/03, p.D1)
1957 Hoover produced its best
selling model, the Convertible (Model 65), an upright vacuum cleaner
that could be converted with a hose for above the floor cleaning.
(SFC, 7/19/08, p.F2)
1957 Ken Olson, a former MIT
engineer, received $70,000 from American Research & Development
(ARD) to develop Digital Equipment Corp. (DEC) in return for a 70%
stake.
(WSJ, 5/21/08, p.A17)
1957 The Hewlett-Packard Corp.
went public and began operating its new site at Stanford Research Park.
(SFC, 3/3/99, p.A11)
1957 A Monsanto sponsored
all-plastic House of the Future became part of Disney’s Tomorrowland.
(SFC, 7/14/96, p.T3)
1957 Joseph F. Cullman III
(d.2004) took over as head of Philip Morris until 1978. Under his
leadership Marlboro Country advertising was adopted and profits led to
1st place ranking.
(SFC, 5/4/04, p.B7)
1957 The birth control pill
developed by Dr. Djerassi in 1951 was approved in the US for treating
menstrual problems.
(SJSVB, 4/8/96, p.8)
1957 Dr. Hilary Koprowski of the
Wistar Institute in Philadelphia developed an oral polio vaccine and
tested it in Africa (Congo). The Wister polio vaccine was given to some
300,000 people in the Belgian Congo from 1957-1960. A later theory held
that reuse of needles during the immunization program caused AIDS via
“serial passage” that transformed the SIV virus into HIV. In 1999
Edward Hooper authored “The River,” a detailed hypothesis for the
origin of AIDS in Africa. Hooper suspected that the Wister polio
vaccine, produced from monkey kidney cells, contained SIV virus. In
2000 a computerized study indicated that the AIDS virus was introduced
to humans about 1930.
(SFC, 2/2/00, p.A19)(SFC, 1/15/01, p.A11)(SFC,
4/13/05, p.A5)(www.cdc.gov/flu/avian/gen-info/pandemics.htm)
1957 Thalidomide was officially
introduced to the market. It was discovered by Chemie Gruenethal, a
German pharmaceutical firm, and marketed as a sedative with no side
effects. It was later linked to severe birth defects. In 2001 Trent
Stephens and Rock Brynner authored "Dark Remedy," a history of
thalidomide.
(WSJ, 2/1/00, p.A20)
1957 The landmark paper "Synthesis
of the Elements in Stars" was published in the journal Reviews of
Modern Physics by Burbidge, Burbidge, Fowler and Hoyle.
(NH, 8/96, p.65)
1957 Roger Revelle and Hans Suess
published a paper in which they explained the resistance of seawater to
absorb carbon dioxide.
(NOHY, Weiner, 3/90, p.30)
1957 Leo Esaki, Nobel laureate,
discovered that electrons could "tunnel" through solid barriers via
tiny electrical devices and the "semiconductor tunnel diode" was born.
(WSJ, 10/1/98, p.A1)
1957 James Lovelock, British
scientist, built an electron capture detector. Initially built to
detect minute quantities of fatty acids, it instead detected the
impurities that lay in between the lipids. It thus became useful for
detecting traces of pesticides and CFCs.
(NOHY, 3/90, p.194)
1957 In California Iron Mountain
mine owners blamed the federal government for fish kills. They held
that the Shasta federal dam caused the buildup of pollutants and that
previously flows from Spring Creek were rendered harmless by dilution
in the Sacramento River.
(SFEC,11/2/97, p.A13)
1957 Alvin Leonard (d.2008 at 90)
began serving as the public health director of Berkeley, Ca., and
continued there until 1970.
(SFC, 5/29/08, p.B5)
1957 A fire at the Colorado Rocky
Flats nuclear weapons plant released some plutonium in the smoke. The
fire was kept secret until 1969 when another fire released more
plutonium.
(SFC, 8/27/99, p.A3)
1957 George Mason Univ. began as
an extension of the Univ. of Virginia. It became independent in 1972.
(WSJ, 3/31/06, p.W11)
1957 Sir Edmund Hillary was part
of a joint New Zealand-British ice trek that drove farm tractors on the
Skelton Glacier to the South Pole.
(SFC, 1/14/99, p.C2)
1957 On the Gulf Coast a hurricane
named Audrey killed over 500 people.
(TMC, 1994, p.1957)
1957 Mob boss Albert Anastasia of
Murder Inc. was gunned down by 2 hitmen in a New York barbershop.
(SFC, 11/2/96, p.E4)(WSJ, 5/1/97, p.B1)
1957 Miguel Covarrubias, Mexican
muralist, died. His work included murals for the 1939-1940 World’s Fair
in San Francisco.
(SFC, 4/20/01, p.A19)
1957 Harrison Ford, film actor
from 1915-1932, died. Most of his work was in silent films.
(SFEC, 4/25/99, Z1 p.8)
1957 Rosalind Franklin (37),
scientist, died. She made the 1st x-ray image that revealed the double
helix structure of DNA (1953). In 2002 Brenda Maddox authored "Rosalind
Franklin: The Dark Lady of DNA."
(SSFC, 11/10/02, p.M2)
1957 George Gustav Heye (b.1876),
collector of Indian artifacts, died. He and a few rich friends set up a
foundation in 1922 that established the Museum of the American Indian.
The museum closed in 1994 and the Smithsonian acquired the collection.
(WSJ, 9/21/04, p.D8)
1957 Adaline Kent (b.1900),
surrealist sculptor, died. Her work included "Scribe" (1944).
(SFC, 11/17/01, p.D10)
1957 Wolfgang Korngold (b.1897),
composer of opera, ballet and film scores, died.
(WSJ, 4/2/01, p.A20)
1957 Peter B. Kyne (b.1880),
author, died. He wrote 25 novels and over 1,000 short stories, a number
of which were turned into Hollywood movies. Kyne was born in San
Francisco and grew up in San Mateo County where most of his work was
set.
(Ind, 7/19/03, p.3A)
1957 Bernard Maybeck (.b1862),
architect, died. Most of his Arts and Crafts style homes were done in
Berkeley, Ca., where he lived.
(SFC, 1/29/03, p.F7)
1957 Julia Morgan (b.1872),
architect, died. She was born in San Francisco and raised in Oakland.
(SFC, 7/18/00, p.A8)(SFC, 6/18/04, p.F4)
1957 Eliot Ness, former FBI agent,
died at age 57 of a heart attack.
(SFC, 9/11/97, p.A3)
1957 Max Ophuls (b.1902), German
born film director, died in France. He made films in Germany, France,
Netherlands and the US.
(SFEC, 9/5/99, DB p.50)
1957 Wilhelm Reich (b.1897),
Austrian psychoanalyst, died in the US. His work was based on the
sexual energy in people that he called "Orgone." In 1999 Farrar, Straus
& Giroux published: "American Odyssey: Letters and Journals
1940-1947."
(WUD, 1994, p.1209)
1957 Diego Rivera, artist, died in
Mexico City.
(Hem., 1/96, p.50)
1957 Dorothy Sayers (b.1893),
British detective novelist, died. Her main hero was Lord Peter Wimsey.
(NW, 8/20/01, p.56)
1957 Arturo Toscanini (b.1868),
Italian conductor, died. He led the NBC Symphony from 1937-1954. In
1978 Harvey Sachs wrote his biography. In 2002 Sachs edited "The
Letters of Arturo Toscanini," his correspondence with Ada Mainardi.
(HN, 3/25/01)(WSJ, 4/30/02, p.D7)
1957 James Whale (67), English
director, died of suicide in Hollywood. His films included
"Frankenstein," "Show Boat" and "The Invisible Man." Later biographies
of Whale included: "James Whale: A New World of Gods and Monsters" by
James Curtis; "James Whale: A Biography, or The Would-Be Gentleman" by
Mark Gatiss; and "Father of Frankenstein" by Christopher Bram. The 1988
film "Gods and Monsters" was a mixture of fact and fiction about the
last months of horror director James Whale.
(USAT, 9/15/98, p.1D)(SFEC, 11/1/98, Par p.18)
1957 Argentina signed a treaty
with the Vatican that created the post of military bishop.
(Econ, 4/2/05, p.34)
1957 In Britain Reg Smythe (d.1998
at 81), began the Andy Capp comic strip in the northern editions of the
Daily Mirror.
(SFC, 6/16/98, p.A22)
1957 Britain launched its 1st
sub-orbital Skylark rocket. The last Skylark, #441, was launched near
Kiruna, Sweden, in 2005.
(Econ, 5/7/05, p.74)
1957 In British Guyana the
People’s Progressive Party won elections and Dr. Jagan and his wife won
cabinet posts.
(SFC, 3/7/97, p.A24)
1957 The words "freedom of
migration" were struck from China’s constitution. This effectively
confined the peasants to the land where they were born. Authorities did
not loosen up until 1983.
(USAT, 2/13/97, p.8A)
1957 China established its
state-sponsored Chinese Catholic Patriotic Association in order to
replace the Roman Catholic Church and to have complete control of the
church.
(www.cecc.gov/pages/roundtables/032502/kungRmks.php)
1957 China’s Dongzhang Reservoir
in Fuqing Province was filled. Prehistoric tombs were hidden underneath.
(Arch, 1/05, p.12)
1957 A flu pandemic began in China
and killed 1-4 million people. It caused about 70,000 deaths in the
United States. First identified in China in late February 1957, the
Asian flu spread to the United States by June 1957.
(SFC, 4/13/05,
p.A5)(www.cdc.gov/flu/avian/gen-info/pandemics.htm)
1957 The Cuban urban underground
was led by Frank Pais, an aspiring schoolteacher turned activist.
(WSJ, 7/10/02, p.D8)
1957 The Clemenceau, a French
aircraft carrier, first set sail. It was taken out of service in 1997.
In 2006 dismantling efforts faced problems. French officials said there
are 45 tons of asbestos on the ship, but environmentalists put that
number at up to 1,000 tons.
(AP, 2/15/06)
1957 In Zwickau, East Germany, the
first Trabant car was manufactured. Production ceased in 1991.
(SSFC, 6/17/07, p.A2)
1957 Indar Jit Rikhye (1920-2007),
UN peacekeeper from India, became chief of staff of UN forces along the
Suez Canal. Prior to this each national liaison officer reported to
their own governments.
(Econ, 6/9/07, p.99)
1957 Albert Metzger, owner of the
Cecil Hotel in Alexandria, was kicked out of Egypt "with only two
suitcases." The hotel had been founded by his father in 1929. The Cecil
palace, which once attracted Alexandria's rich cosmopolitan elite, was
nationalized by late president Gamal Abdel Nasser after Egypt's
nationalist revolution in 1952. In 2007 the Metzger family regained
control of the 86-room four-star hotel run by French company Accor.
(AFP, 6/21/07)
1957 In Haiti Francois Duvalier
won the election for the presidency. He spent 14 years in office.
(SFC,12/31/97, p.A17)
1957 In Honduras the military
ousted the civilian president.
(SFC, 8/9/99, p.A8)
1957 The state of Kerala in
southwest India elected a Communist administration.
(NG, 5.1988, pp. 596)
1957 In Israel the Jewish town of
Upper Nazareth was built on confiscated Palestinian land for the
purpose of domination over Palestinian Nazareth. The 1997 book
"Overlooking Nazareth: The Ethnography of Exclusion in Jalilee" (sic)
by Dan Rabinowitz describes the relations between Arabs and Jews here.
(MT, Fall. ‘97, p.16)
1957 The Italian Mille Miglia
automobile race, begun in 1927, was cancelled following the crash of a
Ferrari driven by the Marquis de Portago. He and his co-driver were
killed along with 10 bystanders when the car ran off the road at 90 mph.
(SFC, 4/28/98, p.A13)
1957 At this time only 2% of
Italian homes had refrigerators. By 1974 this increased to 94%.
(Econ, 12/13/08, p.63)
1957 Shusaku Endo (1923-1996)
wrote "Umi to Dokuyaku." It was published in English as "The Sea and
Poison" in 1972.
(SFEC, 9/30/96, p.A23)
1957 Saburo Sakai (d.2000 at 84)
authored "Samurai." Sakai, a fighter pilot, reportedly shot down as
many as 64 allied planes during WW II.
(SFC, 10/10/00, p.A21)
1957 The Japanese film “Black
River” starred Tatsuya Nakadai and was directed by Masaki Kobayashi.
(WSJ, 7/2/08, p.B13)
1957 The film "Kisses" by Yasuzo
Masumura (d.1986 at 62) marked the director's debut.
(SFC, 9/2/97, p.E1)
1957 The film "The Lower Depths"
starred Toshiro Mifune in a version of the Gorky story. It was directed
by Akira Kurosawa.
(SFC,12/25/97, p.A25)(SFC, 9/7/98, p.A21)
1957 The Japanese film "Throne of
Blood" (Kumonosujo) starred Toshiro Mifune in the Kurosawa directed
reworking of Macbeth in the stylized manner of Noh drama. It was
directed by Akira Kurosawa.
(SFEC, 4/13/97, DB p.44)(SFC,12/25/97, p.A25)(SFC,
9/7/98, p.A21)
1957 The Japanese film “Untamed”
starred Tatsuya Nakadai and was directed by Mikio Naruse.
(WSJ, 7/2/08, p.B13)
1957 Dr. Tomin Harada successfully
pressed the government to enact a law to provide medical treatment to
atomic bomb survivors.
(SFC, 6/29/99, p.A19)
1957 Ibrahim Nasir (31) became
prime minister of the Maldives, a British protectorate.
(AP, 11/23/08)
1957 Ernesto P. Uruchurtu, aka the
Iron Mayor of Mexico City, opened a new building for street vendors but
left out fruit seller Rico Guillermina (1933-1996) and hundreds of
others. She began a crusade and formed the Civic Association of Street
Vendors which supported the PRI, who in return disregarded the laws
controlling street sales.
(SFC, 9/7/96, p.A19)
1957 No one in Monaco pays income
taxes except French citizens who arrived after this year.
(SFC, 1/8/97, p.C1)
1957 Paraguay began receiving
economic support from Taiwan in exchange for supporting Taiwan at the
UN.
(AP, 9/1/08)
1957 Jose Cojuangco, the father of
Corazon Aquino, promised various Philippine government agencies that
lent him money to buy Hacienda Luisita, a 14,800 acre sugar plantation,
that he would sell much of the land to the peasants who worked it. He
never did so.
(Econ, 12/10/05, p.49)
1957 East-West Games were held in
Moscow.
(SFC, 9/21/04, p.B7)
1957 Soviet leader Nikita
Khrushchev allowed the Chechens back to the Caucasus and the
Checheno-Ingush republic was set up.
(SFC, 5/13/97, p.A12)
1957 In the USSR a nuclear waste
container exploded at the Mayak plant in the Chelyabinsk region of the
southern Urals and 20 million curies of deadly strontium and cesium
were released. This was about 40% of the amount later released at
Chernobyl. Some 9,200 square miles were contaminated.
(SFC, 5/26/01, p.A8)(SFC, 8/18/01, p.E1)
1957 Mohammed Wardi (26) began his
singing career in Sudan. He became known as the Golden Throat and
blended Nubian music into the Arabic language.
(SFC, 9/21/07, p.A12)
1957 The first team of 6 Tibetans
trained at a Saipan US CIA base and then airdropped back into Tibet
with modern weapons and radios.
(WSJ, 8/30/08, p.A8)
1957-1958 Henry Moore, sculptor, created his piece:
"UNESCO Reclining Figure."
(SFEC, 7/19/98, BR p.9)
1957-1958 Isaac Bashevis Singer published "Shadows on
the Hudson," a Yiddish novel in serial form in the Jewish Daily
Forward. It was translated to English in 1997 and covered a circle of
Jewish refugees in NYC in 1947-49.
(WSJ, 12/30/97, p.A8)
1957-1958 The International Geophysical Year was
organized by the International Council on Scientific Unions.
(NOHY, 3/1990, p.235)
1957-1958 An English team including Sir Edmund
Hillary traverses the continent of Antarctica for the first time.
(Hem. 1/95, p. 28)
1957-1959 The TV series "Whirleybirds" starred Ken
Tobey (d.2002 at 85) as the co-owner of a helicopter for hire.
(SFC, 12/25/02, p.A29)
1957-1960 Miles Davis and Gill Evans collaborated to
produce their masterpieces: "Miles Ahead," "Porgy and Bess," and
"Sketches of Spain."
(SFC, 9/1/96, DB p.42)
1957-1960 In China some 3,000 scholars and government
officials were incarcerated at the Jiabiangou forced labor camp in the
northwestern desert. Only a few hundred outlived the camp. In 1997
Xianhui Yang (b.1946) began speaking survivors and over the next 5
years interviewed nearly 100. In 2000 he published a collection in
China of 13 stories. In 2009 “Woman From Shanghai: Tales of Survival
From a Chinese Labor Camp” was published in English.
(SFC, 9/2/09, p.E2)
1957-1961 Gunsmoke is the top ranking network show on
television for four seasons with rankings of 43.1, 39.6, 40.3, and
37.3%.
(WSJ, 4/24/95, p.R-5)
1957-1963 The Sheri Lewis Show ran on NBC.
(SFC, 8/4/98, p.A1)
1957-1963 Allen Ginsberg, William Burroughs and
Gregory Corso lived in Paris. In 2000 Barry Miles authored "The Beat
Hotel," an account of their years at the 9 Rue Git-leCoert managed by
Madame Rachou.
(SFEC, 7/9/00, BR p.5)
1957-1964 In China Jean Pasqualini spent these years
in a labor camp after being sentenced to 12 years detention for
"counter revolutionary activities." His 1973 book "Prisoner of Mao"
described his experiences.
(SFC, 10/14/97, p.A19)
1957-1967 Jimmy Hoffa led the Teamsters Union.
(SFEC, 11/17/96, p.C9)
Go to 1958