Timeline 1971
Return to home
1971 Jan 1, The
United States began a second decade of involvement in Vietnam.
(HN, 1/1/99)
1971 Jan 1, The US government ban
on TV Cigarette ads went into effect.
(SFEC, 9/15/96, DB p.55)(AP, 4/1/98)
1971 Jan 3, At the top of the
record charts: "My Sweet Lord and Isn’t It" a Pity by George Harrison;
"Knock Three Times" by Dawn; "Black Magic Woman" by Santana; and "Rose
Garden" by Lynn Anderson.
(www.mbgtop40.com/chartreviews/1971/week10of1971.html)
1971 Jan 5, Pres. Nixon named
Robert Dole as chairman of the Republican National Party.
(HN, 1/5/01)
1971 Jan 5, Sonny Liston (b.1932),
World Champion boxer (1962-64), was found dead in his Las Vegas home.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonny_Liston)
1971 Jan 6, The 1964 Gulf of
Tonkin resolution, which amounted to a declaration of war against
Vietnam, was repealed by Congress. US Senators Wayne Morse of Oregon
and Ernest Gruening of Alaska share the distinction of casting the only
votes against the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution on August 7, 1964. The
resolution supported President Lyndon Johnson's military actions
against North Vietnam in retaliation for its attack on a US spy ship in
the Tonkin Gulf. The resolution passed in the House 414-0 and the
Senate 88-2.
(www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1888.html)
1971 Jan 8, 29 pilot whales
beached themselves and died at San Clemente Island, off Calif.
(www.jwildlifedis.org/cgi/content/abstract/7/4/324)
1971 Jan 10, "Masterpiece Theatre"
premiered on PBS with host Alistair Cooke introducing a drama series,
"The First Churchills."
(AP, 1/10/01)
1971 Jan 10, Gabrielle "Coco"
Chanel (b.1883), French fashion designer, died in Paris.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coco_Chanel)
1971 Jan 12, The situation comedy
"All in the Family" with Carroll O’Connor (d.2001) as Archie Bunker,
began on CBS TV and ran to 1983. It later became "Archie Bunker’s
Place." It was the first video-taped sitcom. It was based on the 1964
British series "Till Death Do Us Part," written by Johnny Speight
(d.1998 at 78).
(SFEC, 5/24/98, DB p.39)(AP, 1/12/00)(SFC, 6/22/01,
p.A1)
1971 Jan 12, Jimmy Carter (b.1924)
was sworn in as the 76th governor of Georgia.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter)
1971 Jan 12, A federal grand jury
indicted Rev. Philip Berrigan and 5 others, including a nun & 2
priests, on charges of plotting to kidnap Henry Kissinger. On 5
September 1972 the Justice Department dropped all charges.
(http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3468302715.html)
1971 Jan 15, George Harrison’s "My
Sweet Lord" was released in the UK. The US release was in 1970.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Sweet_Lord)
1971 Jan 15, Egypt’s Aswan High
Dam, 600 miles upstream from Cairo, was formally inaugurated. It had
been completed Jul 21, 1970.
(http://tinyurl.com/y4dn83)
1971 Jan 18, Two Standard Oil
tankers collided in the fog a quarter mile west of the Golden Gate
Bridge. The Arizona Standard ripped into the Oregon Standard and caused
the spill of some 1.9 million gallons of heavy bunker oil.
(SFEC, 2/23/96, Z1 p.5)
1971 Jan 19, The revival of "No,
No Nanette," first produced on March 11, 1925, opened at 46th St
Theater NYC and continued for 861 performances.
(www.broadwayworld.com/bwidb/sections/productions/index.php?var=6282)
1971 Jan 22, Communist forces
shelled Phnom Penh, Cambodia for the first time.
(HN, 1/22/99)
1971 Jan 24, Bill Wilson (b.1895),
co-founder of AA (1935), died. In 2004 Susan Cheever authored "My Name
Is Bill: Bill Wilson, His life and the Creation of Alcoholics
Anonymous."
(SSFC, 2/07/04,
p.M3)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_W.)
1971 Jan 24, Pvt. Rogelio Roxas
(d.1993), a former Filipino soldier, allegedly discovered the war
treasure of Japanese Gen’l. Tomoyuki Yamashita in caves near Baguio
City. Roxas was arrested on May 18, 1971, and jailed for 5 years. The
gold bullion was reportedly taken away by Pres. Marcos.
(SFC, 10/12/97, p.A18)(SSFC, 3/4/01,
p.A28)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rogelio_Roxas)
1971 Jan 25, Charles Manson and
three female followers were convicted in Los Angeles of murder and
conspiracy in the 1969 slayings of seven people, including actress
Sharon Tate.
(AP, 1/25/98)(SFEC, 5/23/99, Z1 p.4)
1971 Jan 25, The Philadelphia mint
made its 1st trial strike of the Eisenhower dollar.
(www.usmint.gov/search/index.cfm?flash=yes&criteria=&hf=1&group=166)
1971 Jan 25, In Milan, Italy,
firebombs damaged the Pirelli tire factory.
(WSJ, 12/13/07, p.A18)
1971 Jan 25, In Uganda Gen. Idi
Amin (d.2003) led a military coup that seized power while Pres. Obote
was at a summit in Singapore. Obote sought refuge in Tanzania.
(WUD, 1994, p. 1688)(SFC, 10/12/05, p.B7)
1971 Jan 29, "My Sweet Lord" by
George Harrison hit #1 on UK pop chart.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UK_No.1_Hits_of_1971)
1971 Jan 31, Astronauts Alan B.
Shepard Jr., Edgar D. Mitchell and Stuart A. Roosa blasted off aboard
Apollo 14 on a mission to the moon.
(AP, 1/31/98)
1971 Jan, Fred Speaker
(1930-1996), attorney general of Pennsylvania, ordered the dismantling
of the electric chair at the Rockview Correctional Institution on his
last day in office.
(SFC, 9/17/96, p.A22)(http://tinyurl.com/6qxtu6)
1971 Jan, Intel Corp. created the
first microprocessor. The 4004, the world's first microprocessor, is
signed with the initials F.F., for Federico Faggin, its designer. The
4004 was released in 16-pin CERDIP packaging on November 15, 1971.
(www.intel4004.com/)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_4004)
1971 Jan, Gen. Juan Jose Torres
dismissed Hugo Banzer from his position as director of the military
academy. Banzer followed with a coup attempt and was exiled to
Argentina.
(http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_gx5221/is_/ai_n19134773)
1971 Feb 1, The soundtrack album
from the movie, "Love Story", starring Ryan O’Neal and Ali McGraw, with
music by Frances Lai, was certified as a gold record on this day.
(440 Int'l, 2/1/1999)
1971 Feb 1, Evonne Goolagong
(b.1951) scored her first major senior singles victory as she defeated
Margaret Court in the finals of the Victorian Open, played in
Melbourne, Australia.
(440 Int'l, 2/1/1999)
1971 Feb 1, The three astronauts
aboard the Apollo XIV overcame a difficult docking problem but faced a
critical test to determine whether they could land on the moon.
(G&M, 1/31/96, p.A-2)
1971 Feb 2, The Apollo XIV
astronauts confirmed that they would attempt a lunar landing.
(G&M, 2/2/96, p.A-2)
1971 Feb 2, The Ramsar Convention,
officially titled “The Convention on Wetlands of International
Importance, especially as Waterfowl Habitat,” was developed and adopted
by participating nations at a meeting in Ramsar, Iran. It came into
force on December 21, 1975. The US ratified the Ramsar agreement in
1986.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsar_Convention)(NH,
5/01, p.35)
1971 Feb 2, Idi Amin assumed power
in Uganda, following a coup that ousted President Milton Obote. Idi
Amin Dada (1925-2003) appointed himself president.
(AP, 2/2/97)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idi_Amin)
1971 Feb 3, OPEC decided to set
oil prices without consulting buyers.
(HN, 2/3/99)
1971 Feb 4, Rolls-Royce collapsed
due to rising development costs on the RB.211, the sole powerplant
selected for the Lockheed TriStar. The Conservative nationalized the
company to save it from collapse.
(http://widebodyaircraft.nl/chro1971.htm)(Econ,
1/10/09, p.11)
1971 Feb 5, Apollo 14 lander
Antares landed on Moon. Astronauts Shepard & Mitchell walked on the
moon.
(http://www.astronautix.com/flights/apollo14.htm)(HN, 2/5/99)
1971 Feb 6, In Wilmington, NC,
Mike's Grocery, a white-owned business, was firebombed. When
firefighters arrived to put out the flames, they were fired upon by
snipers positioned on the roof of Gregory Congregational Church. The
National Guard was mobilized to quell rioting. The violence resulted in
two deaths. Reverend Benjamin Chavis, Jr. of Oxford, North Carolina,
and nine others, eight African American men and one white woman, were
arrested and tried and convicted for arson and conspiracy in connection
with the firebombing. They were sentenced to nearly 28 years in prison.
Chavis Muhammad (b.1948), a member of the Wilmington 10, was sentenced
in 1972 to 34 years in prison. He spent 4 years in prison before his
conviction was overturned on appeal.
(SFC, 2/25/97,
p.A10)(www.notablebiographies.com/Ch-Co/Chavis-Muhammad-Benjamin.html)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilmington_Ten)
1971 Feb 6, Alan Shepard hit a
golf ball on the Moon during the Apollo 14 mission.
(www.astronautix.com/flights/apollo14.htm)
1971 Feb 7, Switzerland voted to
introduce female suffrage at the federal but not the cantonal level.
(WUD, 1994, p. 1688)(AP, 2/7/01)
1971 Feb 8, NASDAQ, a unit of the
National Association of Securities Dealers, went live under the
leadership of Gordon Macklin (1928-2007).
(WSJ, 2/3/07, p.A8)
1971 Feb 8, South Vietnamese
ground forces, backed by American air power, began Operation Lam Son
719, a 17,000 man incursion into Laos that ended three weeks later in a
disaster.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Lam_Son_719)
1971 Feb 9, Satchel Paige became
the 1st negro-league player elected to baseball HOF.
(www.biographybase.com/biography/Paige_Satchel.html)
1971 Feb 9, The "Apollo 14"
spacecraft returned to Earth after man's third landing on the moon.
(AP, 2/9/99)
1971 Feb 9, In San Fernando, Ca.,
a 6.5 earthquake killed 65 people.
(SFEC, 10/17/99, p.A3)
1971 Feb 10, The play "The House
of Blue Leaves" by John Guare (b.1938), American playwright, opened off
Broadway.
(SFEC, 5/30/99, DB
p.37)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_House_of_Blue_Leaves)
1971 Feb 10, Combat photographers
Henri Huet of AP, Kent Potter of UPI, Larry Burrows (b.1926) of Life
Magazine and Keisaburo Shimamato of Newsweek were killed in a
helicopter crash over Laos. In 2003 Richard Pyle and Horst Faas
authored "Lost Over Laos: A True Story of Tragedy, Mystery and
Friendship."
(WSJ, 5/22/98,
p.W12)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Burrows)(SSFC, 3/23/03, p.M5)
1971 Feb 11, Pres. Nixon issued
Executive Order 11582 dealing with holidays given to federal employees.
(SFC, 2/21/05, p.A7)
1971 Feb 11, John Connally
(1917-1993) replaced David Kennedy as Treasury Secretary under Richard
Nixon. He instituted a 10% surcharge on imports and repudiated fixed
exchange rates.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_B._Connally)
1971 Feb 11, In SF Officer Charles
Lagasa was killed in an accidental helicopter crash at Lake Merced.
(SFC, 1/27/07, p.A8)
1971 Feb 11, Whitney Young Jr.
(b.1921), National Urban League director, drowned in Nigeria.
(www.answers.com/topic/whitney-moore-jr-young)
1971 Feb 12, James Cash Penney
(b.1875), US founder of the J.C. Penney stores, died in NYC. His first
store, a branch of the Colorado based Golden Rule stores (1902), was in
Kemmerer, Wyoming.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_C._Penney)
1971 Feb 14, Moscow publicized a
new five-year plan geared to expanding consumer production.
(HN, 2/14/98)
1971 Feb 15, Britain abandoned the
unit of the penny on Decimal Day, February 15, 1971, replacing the
shilling with five new pence, so that one pound sterling became divided
into 100 new pence.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C2%A3sd)
1971 Feb 16, Richard Nixon began
secret recordings using a newly installed taping system in White House.
(SFC, 12/1/97, p.A7)(
http://tapes.millercenter.virginia.edu/tapes/nixon/overview)
1971 Feb 20, The National
Emergency Warning Center in Colorado erroneously ordered radio and TV
stations across the US to go off the air; some stations heeded the
alert, which was not lifted for about 40 minutes.
(AP, 2/20/01)
1971 Feb 20, Young people
protested having to cut their long hair in Athens, Greece.
(HN, 2/19/98)
1971 Feb 21, A series of tornadoes
cut through the lower Mississippi River Valley. The two-day outbreak,
which produced 19 tornadoes, killed 123 people across 3 states,
including 11 in Louisiana, 110 in Mississippi, and 2 in North Carolina.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississippi_Valley_tornado_outbreak_of_February_1971)
1971 Feb 24, Algeria nationalized
French oil companies.
(www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Africa/Algeria-ENERGY-AND-POWER.html)
1971 Feb 25, "Oh, Calcutta" opened
at the Belasco Theater.
(www.broadwayworld.com/bwidb/sections/productions/index.php?var=2746)(SFEC,
11/3/96, DB p.38)
1971 Feb 28, The male electorate
in Lichtenstein refused to give voting rights to women.
(HN, 2/28/98)
1971 Feb, Fusako Shigenobu broke
from the Japanese Communist league and founded a faction of The
Japanese Red Army with the goal of worldwide communist revolution. She
entered Lebanon and linked with the Popular Front for the Liberation of
Palestine. Shigenobu was arrested in 2000 and in 2006 was sentenced to
20 years in prison.
(SFC, 11/9/00, p.C2)(AP,
2/22/06)(www.fas.org/irp/world/para/jra.htm)
1971 Feb-1973
Jul, Pres. Nixon kept over 3000 hours of tapes that
were ordered to be released by Congress in 1975. Univ. of Wisconsin
historian Stanley Kutler won release of the tapes and had 201 hours
transcribed for his 1997 book "Abuse of Power."
(SFC, 4/13/96, p.A-2)(LVRJ, 11/1/97, p.4A)
1971 Mar 1, The Weather
Underground bombed the US Capitol building claiming it to be in protest
of US involvement in Laos. The bomb exploded in a Capitol restroom 30
minutes after a telephone warning. Some $200,000 in damage was caused
with no injuries.
(HNQ,
7/30/98)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Capitol)(SFC,
7/25/98, p.A6)
1971 Mar 3, Levi Strauss &
Co., SF-based jeans maker, went public.
(SFC, 4/29/03, B1)(http://tinyurl.com/5wnfjx)
1971 Mar 3, South African
Broadcasting Corp lifted its ban on the Beatles.
(www.southafrica.to/history/history1948.htm)
1971 Mar 4, Five Turkish militants
kidnapped 4 US military men at Ankara, Turkey. The kidnappers released
the four airmen unharmed on March 8, and were subsequently arrested,
tried and convicted. Three were hanged, one was imprisoned, and one was
killed in a gunfight with Turkish authorities.
(www.prophetofdoom.net/Islamic_Terrorism_Timeline_1971.Islam)
1971 Mar 4, Canadian Prime
Minister Pierre Elliott Trudeau (52) married Margaret Sinclair (22) in
North Vancouver, B.C. They later divorced.
(AP, 3/4/99)(SFC, 9/29/00, p.D7)
1971 Mar 8, Radio Hanoi broadcast
Jimi Hendrix's "Star Spangled Banner."
(www.pugetsoundradio.com/forum/b-radiohistory/m-1204980808/)
1971 Mar 8, Joe Frazier fought
Muhammad Ali for the heavyweight championship at Madison Square Garden.
Frazier won. They fought rematches in 1974 and 1975. In 2001 Mark Kram
authored "Ghosts of Manila," and account of the Frazier-Ali boxing
matches.
(WSJ, 5/25/01,
p.W8)(http://espn.go.com/classic/s/silver_ali_frazier.html)
1971 Mar 8, Pres. Nixon expressed
his bigotry against women, blacks and Mexicans and Italians on tape
recordings that were only made public in 1998.
(SFEC, 12/27/98, p.a15)
1971 Mar 8, Catholic radicals in
Media, Pa., broke into the local FBI offices and stole documents that
revealed the agency’s illegal activities against radical groups and
leaked them to the media.
(SFEC, 2/16/97, BR p.8)
1971 Mar 8, Harold Lloyd (b.1893),
US comic, actor (Why Worry), died of cancer. Lloyd, an avid 3-D
photographer, left behind a large collection that included thousands of
nude women as subjects. In 2004 granddaughter Suzanne Lloyd published
“Hollywood Nudes in 3-D.”
(www.haroldlloyd.us/articles/biog3.htm)(SSFC,
11/21/04, p.M1)
1971 Mar 8, Joe Frazier fought
Muhammad Ali for the heavyweight championship. Frazier won. They fought
rematches in 1974 and 1975. In 2001 Mark Kram authored "Ghosts of
Manila," and account of the Frazier-Ali boxing matches.
(WSJ, 5/25/01, p.W8)
1971 Mar 10, The US Senate
approved an amendment to lower the voting age to 18. On June 30, 1971,
the amendment received ratification by the 38 required states, and
became law.
(http://today.findlaw.com/2008/03/march-10---toda.html)
1971 Mar 10, In France a group of
homosexuals of both sexes disrupted a live general public radio show,
devoted to “Homosexuality, that painful problem,” and put the
newly-born gay movement on the French political map.
(http://tinyurl.com/5hafjv)
1971 Mar 11, Philo T. Farnsworth
(b.1906), inventor of television, died in Salt Lake City, Utah. Later
Prof. Donald Godfrey authored "Philo T. Farnsworth: The Father of
Television" and Evan I. Schwartz authored "The Last Lone Inventor."
(SFC, 9/7/02,
p.D1)(www.aoc.gov/cc/art/nsh/farnsworth.cfm)
1971 Mar 12, A Turkish coup
d'état took place amid worsening domestic strife. It was the
second to take place since 1960. Known as the "coup by memorandum,"
which the military delivered in lieu of sending out tanks, as it had
done previously.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1971_Turkish_coup_d'%C3%A9tat)(WSJ,
3/7/97, p.A10)
1971 Mar 13, Rockwell Kent
(b.1882), artist, illustrator and printmaker, died in New York. He was
a member of the rugged realist school of landscape painters. In the
1930s he created a set of illustrations for "Moby Dick." In 1960 he
donated 80 paintings and 800 watercolors to the people of the Soviet
Union.
(WSJ, 8/15/00, p.A24)(SFC, 8/25/01, p.D12)
1971 Mar 16, Thomas E. Dewey
(b.1902), US president candidate (R 1944, 1948), died of a heart attack.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_E._Dewey)
1971 Mar 18, U.S. helicopters
airlifted 1,000 South Vietnamese soldiers out of Laos.
(HN, 3/18/98)
1971 Mar 19, At least 160 people
perished in landslides north of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
(AP, 3/19/03)
1971 Mar 21, Daniel Ellsberg
obtained a copy of the Pentagon Papers, commissioned by then-Defense
Secretary Robert McNamara, from his former pentagon colleagues and
showed it to Neil Sheehan, a young New York Times reporter, at
Cambridge, Massachusetts.
(SFC, 7/7/96, BR
p.6)(www.topsecretplay.org/index.php/content/timeline)
1971 Mar 21, Two US platoons in
Vietnam refused their orders to advance.
(HN,
3/21/98)(www.isreview.org/issues/09/soldiers_revolt.shtml)
1971 Mar 21, In Laos South
Vietnamese Marines at FSB Delta, south of Route 9, came under intense
ground and artillery attacks. During an attempted extraction of the
force, seven helicopters were shot down and another 50 were damaged,
ending the evacuation attempt.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Lam_Son_719)
1971 Mar 21, Sheik Mujibur Rahman
(Mujeeb-ur Rehman), head of the Awami League, declared East Pakistan
(later Bangladesh) independent of Pakistan. Pakistani Pres. Yahya Khan
ordered the army in; several million East Bengali refugees fled to
India. Rahman was the father of later PM Hasina Wajid.
(WUD, 1994, p. 1688)(SFC, 12/31/00,
p.B3)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Pakistan)
1971 Mar 23, The US Congress
proposed the 26th Amendment lowering the voting age from 21 to 18. it
was ratified on July 1, 1971. A similar law in 1970 had been challenged
in court.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty-sixth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution)
1971 Mar 23, USSR performed
underground nuclear test.
(www.atomicforum.org/russia/russiantesting.html)
1971 Mar 23, In Argentina General
Alehandro Lanusse seized power in a bloodless coup from General Roberto
Levingston. He proceeded to re-establish ties with China and allowed
Juan Domingo Peron to return to Argentina after 17 years of forced
exile.
(SFC, 8/27/96, p.A17)(WUD, 1994, p. 1688)
1971 Mar 25, Sheik Mujibur Rahman
was arrested in Dhaka. Pakistani forces started Operation Searchlight,
a systematic plan to eliminate any resistance. Thousands of people were
killed in student dormitories and police barracks in Dhaka.
(WUD, 1994, p.
1688)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1971)
1971 Mar 26, East Pakistan
proclaimed its independence, taking the name Bangladesh. [See Mar 21]
This is considered the official Independence day of Bangladesh.
(AP,
3/26/97)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh_Liberation_War)
1971 Mar 27, PM of India, Indira
Gandhi, expressed full support of her government to the Bangladeshi
struggle for independence. The Bangladesh-India border was opened to
allow the Bangladeshi Refugees safe shelter in India.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1971)
1971 Mar 28, CBS aired the final
broadcast of its Ed Sullivan Show. Reruns and pre-emptions aired in
that time slot throughout the following April and May, and in June, CBS
announced that The Ed Sullivan Show had been cancelled.
(http://tviv.org/The_Ed_Sullivan_Show)
1971 Mar 28, In the 25th Tony
Awards held in NYC “Sleuth” won for best play & “Company” won for
best musical.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/25th_Tony_Awards)
1971 Mar 29, Army Lt. William L.
Calley Jr. (b.1943) was convicted of murdering at least 22 Vietnamese
civilians in the March 16, 1968, My Lai massacre. Calley ended up
spending three years under house arrest.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Calley)
1971 Mar 29, A jury in Los Angeles
recommended the death penalty for Charles Manson and three female
followers for the 1969 Tate-La Bianca murders. The sentences were later
commuted.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Manson)
1971 Mar 31, US Lt. William Calley
(b.1943) was sentenced to life for the My Lai Massacre.
(www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1808937/posts)
1971 Mar, In Washington DC a bomb
exploded in a Senate rest room. It caused extensive damage but no
injuries. It occurred at a time of rising opposition to US policies in
Vietnam.
(SFC, 7/25/98, p.A6)
1971 Mar, Mexican fisherman
Rudesindo Cantarell took geologists of Petroleos Mexicanos to an site
where oil impacted his nets. The Cantarell field turned out to be one
of the largest offshore oil fields ever found. In 2006-2006 production
fell 20% as the reserve declined.
(WSJ, 4/5/07, p.A1)
1971 Apr 1, President Richard M.
Nixon ordered Lt. William Calley transferred from prison to house
arrest at Fort Benning, Georgia, pending appeal.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Calley)
1971 Apr 2, The ABC sci-fi soap
opera "Dark Shadows,” which premiered in 1966, aired for the last time.
(www.tv.com/Dark-Shadows/show/2374/summary.html)
1971 Apr 3, Manfred Bennington Lee
(65), detective writer, died. Brooklyn cousins Daniel Nathan,
alias Frederic Dannay (1905-1982) and Manford Lepofsky, alias Manfred
Bennington Lee (b.1905), used Ellery Queen as both a fictional
character and a pseudonym.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellery_Queen)
1971 Apr 3, Joseph Valachi
(b.1903), US gangster, died at La Tuna Federal Correctional Institution
in Texas. A biography heavily influenced by Valachi’s memoirs and by
interviews with Valachi was written by journalist Peter Maas and
published in 1968 as The Valachi Papers.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Valachi)
1971 Apr 4, Stephen Sondheim’s
musical "Follies" was produced at the Winter Garden in NYC and ran for
524 performances. The book was written by James Goldman (d.1998 at 71).
(www.nodanw.com/shows_f/follies.htm)(SFC, 1/20/98,
p.E1)(SFC, 10/30/98, p.D4)
1971 Apr 5, In Sicily, Italy,
Mount Etna began a series of eruptions.
(http://boris.vulcanoetna.com/ETNA_erupt2.html)
1971 Apr 5-1971 Apr 23, In Ceylon
(later Sri Lanka) the People’s Liberation Front attempted a nationwide
coup, but the army and Mr. Bandaranaike’s government regained control.
(WUD, 1994, p. 1688)
1971 Apr 6, Igor
Stravinsky (b.1882), Russian-born composer, died in NYC.
(AP,
4/6/97)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_Stravinsky)
1971 Apr 7, President Nixon
pledged a withdrawal of 100,000 more men from Vietnam by December.
(HN, 4/7/97)
1971 Apr 8, The 1st legal
off-track betting (OTB) system began in NYC.
(www.nycotb.com/newnycotb/AboutUs/NYCOTBHistory/tabid/57/Default.aspx)
1971 Apr 9, Demonstrators
occupying the Stanford Univ. Hospital administration offices clashed
with police and 9 Palo Alto officers were injured. Police later raided
the Stanford Daily to recover photos of the demonstrators.
(SFC, 1/17/03, p.E8)
1971 Apr 10, The American table
tennis team arrived in China.
(HN,
4/10/98)(www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/china/peopleevents/pande07.html)
1971 Apr 14, President Nixon ended
a blockade against People's Republic of China.
(www.china.org.cn/english/features/olympics/100660.htm)
1971 Apr 15, In the 43rd Academy
Awards "Patton" won for best picture and George C Scott won best actor
for his role as Patton. Glenda Jackson won as best actress for her role
in “Women in Love.” George C. Scott (b.1927) refused his Oscar
nomination for on grounds that actors should not have to compete
against each other. He had refused it before in 1962 for his
performance in "The Hustler."
(www.super70s.com/Super70s/Movies/1970/Academy_Awards.asp)(WSJ,
5/13/96, p.A-16)
1971 Apr 15, North Vietnamese
troops ambushed a company of Delta Raiders from the 101st Airborne
Division near Fire Support Base Bastogne in Vietnam. The American
troops were on a rescue mission.
(HN, 4/15/99)
1971 Apr 17, In Vietnam Lance
Corporal John Gillespie (24), an Australian army medic, died when his
helicopter crashed and caught ablaze after coming under fire during a
medical evacuation in the Minh Dam Mountains of southern Phuoc Tuy
province. His remains were returned to Australia in 2007.
(Reuters, 12/18/07)
1971 Apr 19, Charles Manson and 3
accomplices were sentenced to death for the Sharon Tate murders.
(www.trutv.com/library/crime/serial_killers/notorious/manson/23.html)
1971 Apr 19, Russia launched its
first Salyut space station.
(HN, 4/19/97)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salyut_1)
1971 Apr 20, The US Supreme Court,
in Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, upheld the use of
busing to achieve racial desegregation in schools. The ruling allowed
Charlotte, NC., and other cities nationwide to use mandatory busing and
student assignment based on race to attempt to further integrate
schools. The case arose in 1965 when a black parent, James E. Swann,
challenged the system that kept Charlotte's black students apart from
the white majority. In 2001 an appeals court ruled that the dual school
system was dismantled and busing could end. A failed appeal to the
Supreme Court ended the case in 2002.
(http://tinyurl.com/6lntd5)(SFEC, 7/13/97, p.D1)(AP,
4/20/07)(SFC, 4/16/02, p.A3)
1971 Apr 21, In Haiti Francois
"Papa Doc" Duvalier (b.1907) died. He was succeeded by his teenage son
Jean-Claude "Baby-Doc" Duvalier, under the guidance of Simone Duvalier,
aka "Mama Doc."
(SFC,12/31/97,
p.A9)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Duvalier)
1971 Apr 22, Former US Navy
lieutenant John Kerry (27) testified before the US Senate Foreign
Relations Committee and talked about hearing from fellow veterans about
war crimes and atrocities committed in Vietnam by US forces.
(SFC, 9/11/04, p.A5)(SSFC, 10/17/04, p.E6)
1971 Apr 23, In the final event of
Operation Dewey Canyon III, nearly 1,000 Vietnam War veterans threw
their combat ribbons, helmets, and uniforms on the Capitol steps.
(www.peacebuttons.info/E-News/peacehistoryapril.htm)
1971 Apr 23, The Rolling Stones
released their Sticky Fingers album. Following the release of Sticky
Fingers, the Stones left England after allegations by the UK Inland
Revenue service of unpaid income tax.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sticky_Fingers)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones)
1971 Apr 23, The Soviet Union
launched Soyuz 10; the cosmonauts became the first in Salyut 1 space
station.
(HN, 4/23/02)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuz_10)
1971 Apr 25, US canal rights in
Nicaragua and rights to Nicaragua’s Corn Islands expired.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corn_Islands)
1971 Apr 27, In South Korea Kim
Dae-jung, a serious challenger to Park's dictatorship, nearly defeated
Park in the presidential election. After the stunning election outcome,
Park revised the constitution to guarantee himself victory in future
elections.
(AP, 10/24/07)(http://tinyurl.com/569aqp)
1971 Apr 28, The US Occupational
Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) was established within the
Dept. of Labor under the Occupational Safety and Health Act, which was
passed on Dec 29, 1970. It was formed to protect workers from
on-the-job injuries and illnesses.
(www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/100.html#100.1)
1971 Apr 29, Bill Graham announced
the close of the Fillmore in SF and the Fillmore East in NYC along with
his retirement from concert promotion. He was angered by his perceived
greed of rock bands and the anger and distrust of his audience. He soon
relented and put on shows with Led Zeppelin, the Allman Brothers, Pink
Floyd, the Who and the Grateful Dead. The final concert at Fillmore
East took place on June 27.
(SFC,12/13/97,
p.A15)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fillmore_East)
1971 May 1, Amtrak, which combined
and streamlined the operations of 18 US intercity passenger railroads,
went into service. The Southern Pacific Railroad turned over its
money-losing passenger service and railroad cars to the government
which formed Amtrak.
(AP, 5/1/97)(SFC, 7/8/96, p.D1)
1971 May 3, The National Public
Radio “All Things Considered” program premiered on 112 NPR stations.
NPR, the US national, non-commercial radio network, was founded in 1970
and hit the airwaves in April, 1971.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Public_Radio)(SFC, 12/30/99,
p.E3)
1971 May 3, John Toland
(1912-2004), American author and historian, won a Pulitzer prize
for “Rising Sun” (1970) which chronicles Imperial Japan from its
Manchurian involvement following World War I to the end of World War II.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Toland_(author))
1971 May 3, James Earl Ray
(1928-1998), Martin Luther King's assassin (1968), was caught in a jail
break attempt in Tennessee.
(HN,
5/3/98)(www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,915028,00.html)
1971 May 3,
Anti-war protesters calling themselves the Mayday Tribe began four days
of demonstrations in Washington aimed at shutting down the nation's
capital. 13,000 anti-war protesters were arrested in 3 days.
(AP, 5/3/97)(MC, 5/3/02)
1971 May 9, In the 23rd Emmy
Awards: Jack Klugman won for his role in “The Odd Couple” & Jean
Stapleton won for her role in “All in the Family.”
(www.imdb.com/Sections/Awards/Emmy_Awards/1971)
1971 May 9, Friends of Earth
returned 1500 non-returnable bottles to Schweppes. Friends of Earth
became an international network this year with a meeting of
representatives from the US, Sweden, the UK and France.
(http://tinyurl.com/6yqzul)(http://tinyurl.com/5zmwfa)
1971 May 10, The Russian KOSMOS
419 Probe failed to leave Earth orbit.
(SFC, 11/19/96, p.B1)
1971 May 12, A 6.3 earthquakes in
western Turkey killed about 100 people.
(http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/world/events/1971_05_turkey.php)
1971 May 13, Pres. Nixon set his
standards for a new IRS commissioner: I want to be sure he is a
ruthless son of a bitch, that he will do what he’s told, that every
income tax return I want to see I see, that he will go after our
enemies and not go after our friends."
(SFC, 1/3/97, p.A2)
1971 May 14, Pope Paul VI
(1897-1978), the 262nd pontiff, delivered his Octagesima Adveniens
apostolic letter on the 80th anniversary of the Rerum Novarum
encyclical by Leo XIII. Paul VI was born in Lombardy, Italy, as
Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini.
(SFC, 11/20/96, p.C1)(http://tinyurl.com/65jr23)
1971 May 17, The musical
"Godspell," by Stephen Schwartz and John-Michael Tebelak, premiered
off-Broadway.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godspell)
1971 May 18, The documentary
"Powers That Be" aired for one time and went under litigation from
PG&E. Don Widener (d.2003 at 72) produced the work about
environmental and nuclear dangers.
(SFC, 5/2/03, p.A26)
1971 May 18, President Nixon
rejected the 60 demands of the Congressional Black Caucus.
(www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=3013)
1971 May 18, The last victim of
Wayne Boden (1948-2006), Canadian serial killer and rapist, was found.
He earned the nickname "the Vampire Rapist" because he had the penchant
of biting the breasts of his victims.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayne_Boden)
1971 May 18, The 3rd Bulgarian
constitution went into effect.
(www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/bu00000_.html)
1971 May 19, The Russian Mars 2
Orbiter and Lander made it to Mars but the Lander crashed when braking
rockets failed. The orbiter returned late until 1972.
(SFC, 11/19/96, p.B1)
1971 May 20, The US Congress
cancelled the supersonic SST airplane program.
(WSJ, 7/26/00,
p.A26)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_2707)
1971 May 20, In Turkey the
National Order Party was shut down by Constitutional Court for being
anti-secular. Erbakan went to Switzerland in self-exile.
(AP, 11/4/02)(http://tinyurl.com/5vabve)
1971 May 22, A 6.9 earthquake in
eastern Turkey killed about a thousand people.
(http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/world/events/1971_05_turkey.php)
1971 May 23, In California poet
Lou Welch (b.1926) walked away from Gary Snider’s residence in the
Sierra foothills and was never seen again.
(SFC, 8/15/97,
p.A21)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lew_Welch)
1971 May 25, Justin Henry Rye,
actor (Kramer vs. Kramer, 16 Candles), was born in Rye, NY.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Henry)
1971 May 25, Jo Etha Collier (18),
a black woman, was killed by 3 drunken white males in Drew, Miss.
(www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GSvcid=54001&GRid=26897581&)
1971 May 25, Mark Brunswick
(b.1902), American composer, died in London.
(www.answers.com/topic/mark-brunswick)
1971 May 25, Terence De Marney
(b.1908), English film and TV actor, died.
(www.imdb.com/name/nm0210117/)
1971 May 25, USSR performed a
nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan, Semipalitinsk.
(www.ldeo.columbia.edu/res/pi/Monitoring/Arch/sts-table/sts-table.html)
1971 May 26, Juan Corona (b.1934)
was arrested for 25 murders. The farm labor contractor from Yuba City
Ca., had killed and mutilated 25 farm workers. He was convicted to life
in prison.
(SFEC, 5/4/97,
p.B12)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Corona)
1971 May 28, Pres. Nixon ordered
John Haldeman to do more wiretapping and political espionage against
the Democrats. The orders were recorded on tape.
(SFEM, 4/11/99, p.41)
1971 May 28, The Russian Mars 3
Orbiter and Lander was launched successfully.
(SFC, 11/19/96, p.B1)
1971 May 28, Audie Murphy
(b.1926), WW II hero and actor, was killed in plane crash near Roanoke,
Va.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audie_Murphy)
1971 May 29, Max Trapp (b.1887),
German composer, died in Berlin (other sources say he died May 31).
(www.musicorb.com/search.php?day=All&month=All&year=1971&e=1&b=1&d=1&start=0)
1971 May 30, The American space
probe Mariner 9, the first satellite to orbit Mars, blasted off from
Cape Kennedy, Fla. It later transmitted photos of possible riverbeds.
(AP, 5/30/97)(SFEC, 9/28/97, p.A14)(HN, 5/30/98)
1971 May 31, A US proposal was
made to the North Vietnamese that included a cease-fire-in-place, US
withdrawal, and the return of prisoners. 58,167 Americans were killed
in the Vietnam war.
(WSJ, 2/5/96, p.A-19)(SFEM, 11/10/96, p.12)
1971 May, Mr. Kissinger decided to
let Hanoi keep its army inside South Vietnam. His decision was made
just after the May Day protests in Washington. Many of the protestors
were unconstitutionally arrested.
(WSJ, 1/23/96, p.A-15)
1971 May, In Argentina Jacobo
Timerman founded the La Opinion newspaper.
(SFC, 11/12/99, p.D6)
1971 May, PM Indira Gandhi of
India proclaimed the established royalty to be ordinary citizens and
abolished their government perks. She made them pay taxes on their
property or pass it to the state. The wealth tax doubled to 8% of net
income.
(WSJ, 1/9/95,
Aa-8)(www.indembsofia.org/shtml/en/includes/ind.html)
1971 Jun 1, The two-room shack in
Tupelo, Mississippi, where Elvis Presley was born, was opened to the
public as a tourist attraction.
(www.guardian.co.uk/music/2006/jun/18/39)
1971 Jun 1, Reinhold Niebuhr
(b.1892), US theologist, died. His Serenity Prayer became widely used
by Alcoholics Anonymous: "God, give us grace to accept with serenity
the things that cannot be changed, courage to change the things which
should be changed, and the wisdom to distinguish the one from the
other." His books included “Moral Man and Immoral Society” (1932) and
“Nature & Destiny of Man” (1942). (SSFC, 5/4/03, p.F2)(WSJ,
12/29/07, p.W8)
1971 Jun 6, "Ed Sullivan Show"
made its last broadcasts on CBS-TV.
(SFC, 1/7/98,
p.E1)(www.tv.com/the-ed-sullivan-show/show/1156/summary.html)
1971 Jun 7, Soviet Soyuz 11 crew
completed the 1st transfer to orbiting Salyut.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salyut_1)
1971 Jun 10, Federal marshals, FBI
agents and special forces swarmed Alcatraz Island and removed the
Native American occupiers: 5 women, 4 children and 6 unarmed men.
(www.nps.gov/alca/historyculture/we-hold-the-rock.htm)
1971 Jun 10, In Mexico City a
paramilitary group descended on student demonstrators and at least 11
people were killed. In 2002 criminal complaints were filed against 14
former federal and Mexico City officials for their involvement in the
massacre. Mayor Alfonso Martinez (d.2002 at 81) denied any involvement
in the massacre that left over 30 protestors dead. In 2004 charges were
filed against former Pres. Echeverria, but a judge blocked his arrest.
(SFC, 6/13/02, p.A14)(SFC, 11/9/02, p.A19)(SFC,
7/24/04, p.A3)(WSJ, 7/26/04, p.A1)
1971 Jun 12, Tricia Nixon and
Edward F. Cox were married in the White House Rose Garden. The event
was covered by all three major TV networks.
(AP, 6/12/97)(SFC, 12/1/97, p.A7)
1971 Jun 13, The Broderick
nonuplets were born in Sydney, Australia. None of the five boys (two
stillborn) and four girls live for more than six days.
(www.twinstuff.com/thisdate.htm)
1971 Jun 13, The New York Times
began to publish the Pentagon Papers leaked to it by Daniel Ellsberg.
The papers were a secret official history of the Vietnam War in 47
volumes that were highly classified. The Nixon administration went to
court to stop publication. A legal battle ensued for 16 days and the
Supreme Court ruled 6-3 that the government failed to make its case for
prior restraint and publication was resumed. In 1996 the book, "The Day
the Presses Stopped" by David Rudenstine, was published and tells the
whole story.
(SFC, 6/10/96, p.A21)(SFEC, 12/8/96, p.A14)
1971 Jun 16, An El Greco sketch,
"The Immaculate Conception," stolen in Spain 35 years earlier, was
recovered in New York City by the FBI.
(www.historynet.com/tdih0616.htm)
1971 Jun 16, Francois
Mitterrand (1916-1996) became the new leader of the French Socialist
Party at the Socialist Party Congress in Epinay. Over the next few
years he embarked on a strategy of electoral union with the Communist
Party. Jean Poperen (1925-1997) was present at the inception of the
modern-day Socialist Party. He served twice as a minister of
parliamentary relations and as a deputy for more than 15 years.
(SFC, 8/25/97,
p.A8)(http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1282/is_v39/ai_5024046/pg_2)
1971 Jun 17, The United States and
Japan signed a treaty under which the United States would return
control of the island of Okinawa in 1972.
(WUD, 1994, p. 1688)(Jap. Enc., BLDM, p. 216)(AP,
6/17/97)
1971 Jun 18, Fred Smith (b.1944)
founded Federal Express Corporation, an overnight air freight delivery
service, in Little Rock, Arkansas. It was based on a hub and spoke
business plan he cooked up at Yale. In 1973 he moved the operation to
Memphis, Tennessee.
(http://tinyurl.com/6mvfvy)(Econ, 11/18/06, p.70)
1971 Jun 18, Southwest Airlines,
co-founded by Herbert Kelleher, made its 1st flight.
(WSJ, 1/13/03,
p.A1)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southwest_Airlines)
1971 Jun 19, The song "Rainy Days
And Mondays" by the Carpenters peaked at #2 on the pop singles chart.
(http://tinyurl.com/5caxet)
1971 Jun 19, R.C., "It's Too Late"
by Carole King peaked at #1 on the pop singles chart and stayed there
for five weeks.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/It's_Too_Late_(Carole_King_song))
1971 Jun 20, A 5-day Glastonbury
Fair opened at Worthy Farm near Glastonbury, England. Arabella
Spencer-Churchill (1949-2007), granddaughter of former PM Winston
Churchill, helped found the fair. It featured Hawkwind, Traffic,
Melanie, David Bowie, Joan Baez and Fairport Convention, and attracted
some 12,000 people. Revived as a three-day festival in 1979, it had
grown by 2007 to draw 153,000 people to hear acts including Coldplay,
Brian Wilson, Kaiser Chiefs and Elvis Costello.
(AP,
12/21/07)(www.efestivals.co.uk/festivals/glastonbury/1971/)
1971 Jun 23, Pres. Nixon recorded
on tape that "anybody that wants to be an ambassador wants to pay at
least $250,000." The recordings were transcribed and published in the
1997 book "Abuse of Power."
(SFC,11/1/97, p.A3)
1971 Jun 26, "Man of La Mancha"
closed at ANTA Wash Square Theater in NYC after 2329 performances.
(www.broadwayworld.com/bwidb/productions/Man_of_La_Mancha_5857/)
1971 Jun 26, The U.S. Justice
Department issued a warrant for Daniel Ellsberg, accusing him of giving
away the Pentagon Papers. The infamous Pentagon Papers gave insights
into the Johnson administration's thinking on the Vietnam War.
(www.topsecretplay.org/index.php/content/timeline)
1971 Jun 27, T. Smirnova, Russian
born astronomer, discovered asteroid #2121, Sevastopol.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamara_Mikhailovna_Smirnova)
1971 Jun 28, The Supreme Court
overturned the draft evasion conviction of Muhammad Ali.
(HN, 6/28/98)
1971 Jun 28, The US Supreme Court
ruled in Lemon vs. Kurtzman that public aid to parochial schools in
unconstitutional.
(SFC, 8/6/99,
p.D4)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_v._Kurtzman)
1971 Jun 28, Daniel Ellsburg was
arrested for leaking the Pentagon Papers to the Press. In 2002 he
authored "Secrets: A Memoir of Vietnam and The Pentagon Papers."
Anthony Russo, a researcher at the Rand think tank, had assisted
Ellsberg in publishing the extracts of a 47-volume Defense Dept. study
of the US role in Indochina over 3 decades.
(www.topsecretplay.org/index.php/content/timeline)(SSFC, 10/20/02, p.M1)
1971 Jun 30, The Supreme Court
ruled in favor of the Pentagon Papers. On the same day Pres. Nixon told
Chief of Staff H.R. Haldeman to break into the Brookings Institute and
bring out files collected on the Vietnam War.
(SFC, 6/10/96, p.A21)(SFC, 11/22/96, p.A4)(HN,
6/30/98)
1971 Jun 30, The 26th Amendment to
the Constitution was ratified as Ohio became the 38th state to approve
it. The amendment lowered the minimum voting age from 21 to 18. The
amendment was authored by Senator Jennings Randolph (d.1998 at 96) of
West Virginia.
(AP, 6/30/97)(SFC, 5/9/98, p.A21)
1971 Jun 30, A Soviet space
mission ended in tragedy when three cosmonauts (Georgi Dobrovolsky,
Vladislav Volkov, and Viktor Patsayev) aboard Soyuz 11 were found dead
inside their spacecraft after it returned to Earth.
(AP, 6/30/97)(SFC, 10/2/07, p.A6)
1971 Jun, Vietnam War records were
given to the US National Archives for safe keeping by three former
defense analysts.
(SFEC, 12/8/96, p.A14)
1971 Jun, T. Vincent Learson
(1912-1996) became CEO of IBM. He had helped develop the IBM
System/360, one of the first commercially available business computers.
(SFC, 11/5/96, p.A22)
1971 Jun, Manuel Elizalde
(d.1971), a Filipino official, allegedly found the Tasaday, a lost
Stone Age tribe, on Mindanao Island. Enthusiastic reports led to a
book, ''The Gentle Tasaday: A Stone Age People in the Philippine Rain
Forest'' (1975) by John Nance. Skeptics were dismayed in 1974 when Mr.
Elizalde, citing a need to protect the Tasadays from exploitation and
the harmful effects of too much contact with civilization, blocked any
further visits by social scientists.
(SSFC, 6/22/03, p.M1)(http://tinyurl.com/6e97rz)
1971 Jul 1, President Nixon
ordered chief of staff H. R. Haldeman to have the Brookings Institute
burglarized. Nixon met with Haldeman and Kissinger and told them:
"We’re up against an enemy, a conspiracy, that (sic) are using any
means."
(www.historycommons.org/context.jsp?item=a063071nixonburglaries)(SFC,
11/23/96, p.A6)
1971 Jul 1, The US Post Office
Department was transformed into the US Postal Service as an independent
establishment of the executive branch of the Government of the United
States. The US government changed the Post Office to a quasi-government
body with a mandate to be financially self-sustaining.
(SFEC, 9/29/96,
C13)(http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blmailus5.htm)(AP,
7/1/01)
1971 Jul 1, The state of
Washington became the 1st US state to ban sex discrimination.
(http://amiannoying.com/(S(01543u55fxileom1lbr04z2u))/view.aspx?ID=6957)
1971 Jul 1, Great Britain and
Argentina signed an accord on sea and air links to the Falkland
Islands, which later caused a war (1982).
(www.bartleby.com/67/2791.html)
1971 Jul 3, James Douglas Morrison
(b.1943), singer for the Doors rock group, died of an apparent heart
attack in Paris, France. Jim Morrison (27) was buried at Pere Lachaise
cemetery.
(SFC, 7/4/96, p.D2)(AP, 7/3/97)
1971 Jul 4, Koko, a female lowland
gorilla who learned American sign language, was born.
(AP, 8/9/04)(www.koko.org)
1971 Jul 4, A July 4th concert on
the West Lawn of the White House was held and began an annual tradition.
(SSFC, 6/30/02, Par p.30)
1971 Jul 4, France performed a
nuclear test at Muruora Island.
(www.atomicforum.org/france/1971.html)
1971 Jul 6, Louis Armstrong
(b.1900), jazz and blues musician widely known as "Satchmo," died. His
innovations of early day blues and Dixieland music inspired the swing
eras of the 1920s and 1930s. He invented skat, a technique of singing
jazz improvisations. Louis spoke out against the US government during
the 1957 Little Rock, Ark. school troubles. "The way they are treating
my people in the South, the government can go to hell." A 32 cent
memorial stamp was issued by the Post Office in 1995. Armstrong smoked
marijuana every day of his adult life, was unfaithful to each of his
four wives, was arrested 4 times and consorted freely with prostitutes,
pimps and mobsters. His biographies include: "Louis Armstrong: An
American Genius" by James Lincoln Collier (1983); "Satchmo" by Gary
Giddins (1988); and "Louis Armstrong: An Extravagant Life" by Laurence
Bergreen (1997). In 1999 Joshua Berrett published "The Louis Armstrong
Companion."
(WSJ, 9/27/95, p.A-16)(WSJ, 6/26/97, p.A16)(WSJ,
3/10/99, p.A20)
1971 Jul 9, The United States
turned over complete responsibility of the Demilitarized Zone to South
Vietnamese units. In 1998 Jerry Lembcke authored "The Spitting Image:
Myth, Memory and Legacy of Vietnam.
(HN, 7/9/98)(SFEC, 10/11/98, BR p.7)
1971 Jul 9, Henry Kissinger
secretly visited China and met with Premier Zhou Enlai.
(www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB66/)
1971 Jul 10, In Morocco a coup
against King Hassan at the Skhirat palace failed. Nearly 100 guests
were killed. The coup leaders were executed three days later. The army
officers were angered by Hassan's abandonment of thousands of square
miles in an Algerian border war.
(WUD, 1994, p. 1688)(SFC, 7/24/99, p.A9)(SFEC,
7/25/99, p.A19)
1971 Jul 11, Chile’s Congress
passed an amendment, submitted by President Allende, to nationalize all
mines. On July 16 Chile by law nationalized the US-owned copper mines
based on a calculation of the companies' "excess profits" from 1955 to
1970. It was determined that Chile owed American companies Anaconda and
Kennecott Copper nothing for the mines.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chilean_nationalization_of_copper)
1971 Jul 12, Kristi Tsuya
Yamaguchi, figure skater, was born in Hayward, Cal. In 1992 she won an
Olympic gold medal.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristi_Yamaguchi)
1971 Jul 13, William Tolbert
(1913-1980), vice-president of Lebanon 1951, succeeded William Tubman
as president and continued Tubman’s policies until his own death in
1980.
(SFC, 4/16/96,
p.A-9)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_R._Tolbert,_Jr.)
1971 Jul 13, The Army of Morocco
executed ten leaders accused of leading a revolt.
(HN, 7/13/99)
1971 Jul 13-1971 Jul 19, Jordanian
troops proceeded to wipe out Palestinian guerrillas; some 1,500
prisoners were brought to Amman; Iraq and Syria soon broke off
relations with Jordan.
(WUD, 1994, p.
1688)(www.onwar.com/aced/data/bravo/blacksept1970.htm)
1971 Jul 15, President Nixon
announced he would visit the People's Republic of China to seek a
"normalization of relations."
(AP, 7/15/97)
1971 Jul 18, New Zealand and
Australia announced they would pull their troops out of Vietnam.
(HN, 7/18/98)
1971 Jul 19, In Sudan a coup was
aborted and Pres. Nimeiri was restored to power by loyal troops. He
denounced the Communist Party and executed the rebel leaders 4 days
later.
(WUD, 1994, p. 1688)
1971 Jul 21, In Nederland, Colo.,
Marshal Renner Forbes pulled Guy Goughnor ("Deputy Dawg," aged 19) from
the Pioneer Inn tavern, drove to a remote area in Clear Creek County
and shot him in the head. Goughnor’s body was found a month later but
their was insufficient evidence to link the marshal to the killing. In
1997 Forbes at age 68 confessed to the murder.
(SFC,10/24/97, p.A5)
1971 Jul 22, Salvador Allende and
Alejandro Lanusse, Presidents of Chile and Argentina, signed an
Arbitration Agreement formally submitting the dispute concerning the
territorial and maritime boundaries between them and the title to the
islands Picton, Nueva and Lennox near the extreme end of the American
continent to binding arbitration under auspices of Queen Elizabeth II
of the United Kingdom.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beagle_Channel_Arbitration)(SFC, 8/27/96,
p.A17)
1971 Jul 24, The White House
Plumbers unit formed to stop the leaking (hence "plumbers") of
classified information to the news media during the Nixon
administration.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Plumbers)
1971 Jul 24, The Berne Convention
for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works was promulgated in
Paris. It was first accepted in Berne in 1886 at the instigation of
Victor Hugo.
(www.ifla.org.sg/documents/infopol/copyright/ucc.txt)(PNI, 2/5/97, p.4)
1971 Jul 26, Apollo 15 was
launched from Cape Kennedy.
(AP, 7/26/97)
1971 Jul 26, Diane Arbus [Nemerov]
(b.1923), photographer, committed suicide in NYC. In 1984 Patricia
Bosworth authored: "Diane Arbus: A Biography."
(http://photography.about.com/library/weekly/aa110600c.htm)
1971 Jul 30, US Apollo 15 with
astronauts Scott and Irwin landed at Mare Imbrium on the Moon.
(http://history.nasa.gov/SP-362/app.b.htm)
1971 Jul 30, In SF Officer Arthur
O’Guinn was fatally shot while making a traffic stop. 2 people were
caught and convicted of 2nd-degree murder. They were paroled in the
late 1970s.
(SFC, 1/27/07, p.A8)
1971 Jul 30, A Japanese 727
collided with a jet fighter. 162 people were killed.
(WUD, 1994, p.
1688)(www.airdisaster.com/features/top100/top100.shtml)
1971 Jul 31, Apollo 15 astronauts
(Dave Scott) took a drive on the moon in their land rover.
(HN,
7/31/98)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_rover)
1971 Aug 1, The Concert For
Bangladesh, two benefit concerts organized by George Harrison and Ravi
Shankar, played to a total of 40,000 people at Madison Square Garden.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Concert_for_Bangladesh)
1971 Aug 1, CBS presented
Masterpiece Theatre's 6 Wives of Henry VIII. The BBC produced program
series first aired in 1970.
(www.tvguide.com/tvshows/six-wives-henry/204436)(WSJ, 7/15/96, p.A9)
1971 Aug 3, Paul McCartney
announced the formation of his group Wings.
(www.rockhall.com/inductee/paul-mccartney)
1971 Aug 9, British begin
internment without trial in Northern Ireland when almost 300 men were
arrested and interned under the Special Powers Act in dawn swoops that
ended around August 14th. Not one unionist extremist was
interned. Word soon got out of the internment camps that the men were
being routinely mistreated and tortured. Sectarian attacks continued,
supported by the British army. These actions and other repressive
actions by the British administration of the time lead to the peaceful
march which turned bloody on 30 January 1972, now known as Bloody
Sunday.
(SFC, 1/30/97,
p.A18)(www.bloodysundaytrust.org/eduintern.htm)
1971 Aug 11, Construction began on
the Louisiana Superdome. It opened on August 3, 1975.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisiana_Superdome)
1971 Aug 12, Syrian Pres Assad
dropped diplomatic relations with Jordan.
(www.answers.com/topic/1971)
1971 Aug 14, Georg von Opel
(b.1912), German auto manufacturer, died.
(www.thepeerage.com/p15853.htm)
1971 Aug 15, Pres. Nixon suspended
conversion of dollars to gold and imposed a 90-day price, wage and
rents freeze and 10% import charge. He also cut various taxes and
expenditures. This marked the end of the gold standard and fixed
exchange rates. The Bretton Woods agreement, that defined the post
World War II economic environment, collapsed under the weight of US
deficit spending. In the wake of this exchange rates were allowed to
float under the watchful eye of central bankers.
(WUD, 1994, p. 1688)(WSJ, 5/28/96, p. R-44)(WSJ,
8/15/96, p.A12)(AP, 8/15/97)(WSJ, 10/1/98, p.A16)(WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R42)
1971 Aug 15, Bahrain proclaimed
independence after 110 years of British rule. December 16, 1971, is the
date of independence from British protection.
(http://ixpats.com/bahrain.html)
1971 Aug 17, Horace McMahon
(b.1906), film, theater and TV actor, died.
(www.imdb.com/name/nm0573024/bio)
1971 Aug 18, Joel David Kaplan
(44), a NY businessman and Carlos Antonio Contreras Castro, a
Venezuelan counterfeiter, escaped by helicopter from Mexico’s Santa
Maria Acatitla Federal Prison. Vasilios Basil Choulos (d.2003), SF
lawyer, plotted out the helicopter jailbreak. Kaplan was allegedly
framed and serving 28 years for murder in the Mexican prison. The
successful break led to the 1973 book "Ten-Second Jailbreak" and the
1975 film "Breakout."
(SFC, 1/21/02,
p.A21)(www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,909935,00.html)
1971 Aug 20, FBI began a covert
investigation of CBS journalist Daniel Schorr.
(www.theatlantic.com/politics/polibig/wisepres.htm)
1971 Aug 20, The Cambodian
military launched a series of operations against the Khmer Rouge.
(HN, 8/20/98)
1971 Aug 20-1971 Aug 21, In
Vietnam heavy rains flooded the Red River delta and some 100,000 people
were killed.
(www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0001440.html)
1971 Aug 21, Three prisoners,
George Jackson (29), Ronald Kane (28), John Lynn (29), and 3 guards,
Jere Graham (39), Frank DeLeon (44) and Paul Krasenes (52), were killed
during an attempted prison escape at San Quentin, California. Jackson
after meeting with his lawyer, Stephen Bingham, pulled a hidden
automatic pistol from his hair and began to release other prisoners.
Jackson’s prison letters were published as "Soledad Brother."
(WUD, 1994, p. 1688)(SFC, 8/25/96, z1 p.5)(SSFCM,
8/19/01, p.7)
1971 Aug 21, In the Philippines
there was a grenade attack on a political rally of the opposition
Liberal party. It nearly wiped out the party's senatorial slate running
against Marcos' Nacionalista Party. Marcos blamed the communists, but
others believed that Marcos planned the attack.
(SFC, 3/21/00, p.A23)
1971 Aug 22, A coup led by Col.
Hugo Banzer Suarez deposed leftist army Gen’l. Juan Jose Torres, who
had created a Soviet-style legislature. Torres fled to Argentina.
(WUD, 1994, p. 1688)(SFC, 3/15/97, p.A11)(SFC,
11/23/99, p.A16)
1971 Aug 23, Shamu the Whale, the
1st of a number of Shamus, died at Sea World in San Diego, Ca., after 6
years in captivity.
(www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=8934865)
1971 Aug 23, South Korea's
Silmido Unit, organized in 1968 to kill North Korea's Kim Il Sung,
rebelled and murdered 18 of its 24 trainers. A film titled "Silmido"
was released Dec 24, 2003.
(AP, 12/25/03)
1971 Aug 26, New Jersey Gov.
William T. Cahill announced that the New York Giants football team had
agreed to leave Yankee Stadium for a new sports complex to be built in
East Rutherford.
(AP, 8/24/01)
1971 Aug 27, Bennett Cerf
(b.1898), publisher and co-founder of Random House, died. Cerf began
appearing weekly on What's My Line? in 1951 and continued until the
show's CBS network end in 1967.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bennett_Cerf)
1971 Aug 27, Margaret Bourke-White
(b.1904), US photographer, died.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Bourke-White)
1971 Aug 28, Marie Paule Giguere
(b.1921), a Catholic nun in Quebec, founded the Army of Mary as a
prayer group, saying she was receiving visions from God. In 2007 the
Vatican declared her teachings were heretical and in Arkansas six nuns
were excommunicated after refusing to give up membership in the sect.
(SFC, 9/27/07,
p.A20)(www.religioustolerance.org/army_mary.htm)
1971 Aug 29, Nathan Leopold
(b.1904), US kidnapper and murderer of Bobby Franks (1924), died in
Puerto Rico.
(www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/criminal-minds.html?c=y&page=5)
1971 Aug 29, In SF 2 men burst
into the Ingleside Police Station and fired through a hole in a
bullet-proof glass window killing Sgt. John Young (45). A civilian
clerk was wounded. Black Panthers were suspected. 3 men were charged in
1975 but charges were dismissed in 1976. In 2005 a SF judge jailed 4
men for contempt after refusing to answer questions from a grand jury.
In 2007 police charged 9 former members of the Black Liberation Army
with waging a campaign of “chaos and terror” that left at least 3
officers dead from 1968-1973. 8 of the men were charged with murder in
the Ingleside slaying.
(SFC, 9/1/05, p.B1)(SFC, 10/8/05, p.B2)(SFC,
1/26/07, p.A1)
1971 Aug 31, John Lennon left UK
for NYC, never to return.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lennon)
1971 Aug, Turkey passed a poppy
licensing law. In return Turkey later accepted a US offer of $35
million, over 3 years, for farmers who agreed to stop growing opium
poppies.
(HN, 11/20/98)(http://tinyurl.com/6ov8tk)
1971 Sep 3, The Watergate team
broke into Daniel Ellsberg's psychiatrist's office.
(www.holysmoke.org/wb/wb0126.htm)
1971 Sep 3, The Quadripartite
Agreement on Berlin, between the United States, the Soviet Union, the
United Kingdom and France. ended a long time source of tension.
(WUD, 1994, p.
1688)(http://usa.usembassy.de/etexts/ga5-710903.htm)
1971 Sep 3, Qatar declared
independence from Britain.
(www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-11034.html)
1971 Sep 4, "The Lawrence Welk
Show" was seen for the last time on ABC-TV. A week later it opened on
the Lawrence Welk Network.
(www.accordionusa.com/fe_01_07.htm)
1971 Sep 4, An Alaska Airlines jet
crashed near Juneau, killing 111 people.
(AP, 9/4/97)
1971 Sep 6, In Montevideo,
Uruguay, a hundred Tupamaro guerrillas escaped from prison.
(WUD, 1994, p.
1688)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_Sendic)
1971 Sep 8, The Kennedy Center,
begun in 1964, officially opened in Washington, DC. A performance of
Leonard Bernstein’s Mass was held there three days earlier. The $71
million structure was designed by Edward Durell. The cultural center
was promoted at Kennedy’s request by Roger L. Stevens (1910-1998).
Congress had designated it a national monument to Pres. Kennedy
following his assassination.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kennedy_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts)(SFC,
8/27/01, p.E4)
1971 Sep 8, Pres. Nixon told John
Ehrlichman to investigate the tax returns of rich Jews contributing to
the democratic campaigns of Humphrey and Muskie.
(SFEC, 12/8/96, p.A14)
1971 Sep 9, John Lennon released
his mega hit "Imagine" album in the US. It was released in Britain on
October 8. A film was made of his recording work and in April 2000 a
version titled "Gimme Some Truth" was released on DVD.
(www.cduniverse.com/productinfo.asp?pid=1109009)
1971 Sep 9, Hockey legend Gordie
Howe of the Detroit Red Wings retired from the National Hockey League
(NHL).
(www.iosphere.net/~mtbailey/tbc/gordie_howe.html)
1971 Sep 9-1971 Sep 13, Some 1,000
prisoners seized control of the maximum-security Attica Correctional
Facility near Buffalo, NY, in a siege that claimed 43 lives. In 2000 a
federal judge ordered an $8 million settlement to some 400 inmates to
settle a prisoner class action suit. $4 million was for lawyers.
(SFC, 1/5/00,
p.A3)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attica_Prison_riots)(AP, 9/9/08)
1971 Sep 10, Pres. Nixon was
informed and approved of John Ehrlichman’s plan to steal Vietnam War
records from the National Archives building.
(SFEC, 12/8/96, p.A1,14)
1971 Sep 11, The body of a woman
was found in the Delta-Mendota Canal near Westley, Ca. she had been
stabbed 65 times. In 2008 DNA evidence identified her as Mary Alice
Willey (23) of San Francisco.
(SFC, 10/7/08, p.B2)
1971 Sep 11, Egypt adopted a new
constitution by public referendum. It called for the president to be
chosen by at least two-thirds of MPs, and then confirmed by referendum.
In 2007 a questionable referendum approved 34 constitutional
amendments.
(Econ, 9/25/04, p.61)(Econ, 3/31/07,
p.57)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Egypt)
1971 Sep 11, Former Soviet leader
Nikita Khrushchev died at age 77. In 2003 William Taubman authored
"Khrushchev: The Man and His Era." In 2006 Aleksandr Fursenko and
Timothy Naftali authored “Khrushchev’s Cold War: The Inside Story of an
American Adversary.”
(WUD, 1994, p. 1688)(AP, 9/11/97)(SSFC, 4/27/03,
M3)(Econ, 11/18/06, p.88)
1971 Sep 13, State troopers and
prison guards stormed Attica Correctional Facility in New York. The
four-day inmates' rebellion over poor living conditions claimed 43
lives, 11 guards and 32 prisoners. Inmate Frank Smith (d.2004) was
beaten tortured and abused by guards. In 1997 a federal jury awarded
him $4 million. Another 1,280 inmates sought $2.8 billion in damages
against the state. In 2000 a federal court described the guards'
reaction as an "orgy of brutality" and ordered the state to pay $8
million to inmates who were tortured after the uprising.
(SFC, 6/6/97, p.A3)(AP, 9/13/97)(SFC, 2/16/00,
p.A5)(SFC, 8/3/04, p.B6)
1971 Sep 13, Lin Biao (b.1907)
died in a plane crash in Mongolia as he was trying to flee to the
Soviet Union after the unsuccessful plot to assassinate Mao. He was
once designated as Mao's "closest comrade in arms" and hand-picked to
be the chairman's successor.
(AP,
7/16/07)(www.odu.edu/ao/instadv/quest/LinBiao.html)
1971 Sep 14, "Cannon" with William
Conrad premiered on CBS-TV.
(www.tv.com/cannon/show/82/summary.html)
1971 Sep 15, The 1st broadcast of
"Columbo" on NBC-TV.
(http://www.xmoppet.org/tv/columbo.html)
1971 Sep 15, A group of activists
set sail on the Phyllis Cormack for Alaska from Vancouver, Canada, to
stop a US nuclear weapons test in the Aleutian Islands. Panels reading
Green and Peace dangled from the bridge. Bob Hunter (d.2005), one of
the activists, became the 1st president of Greenpeace (1973-1977).
(GQ, summer ‘96, p.18)(SFC, 4/30/97, p.A9)(Econ,
5/14/05, p.89)
1971 Sep 17, Hugo Black
(1886-1971), US Supreme Court Justice, retired after serving 34 years.
(AP,
10/21/97)(www.oyez.org/oyez/resource/legal_entity/76/)
1971 Sep 20, The American League
Ok'd the Washington Senator move to Arlington, where they became the
Texas Rangers.
(WSJ, 4/7/99,
p.B1)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1971_Washington_Senators_season)
1971 Sep 20, George Seferis
(b.1900), Nobel Prize-winning (1963) Greek poet, died. In 2003 Roderick
Beaton authored "George Seferis - Waiting for the Angel: A Biography."
(HN, 3/13/01)(Econ, 11/22/03,
p.83)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giorgos_Seferis)
1971 Sep 25, Hugo Black (b.1886),
US Supreme Court Justice (1937-1971), died.
(AP,
10/21/97)(www.oyez.org/oyez/resource/legal_entity/76/)
1971 Sep 25, Over 100 Russian
officials were expelled from Britain for spying. Information from Oleg
Lyalin, supposedly a member of the USSR's trade delegation in the UK,
led to the expulsion of 105 Soviet officials from Britain.
(http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/30/newsid_2523000/2523669.stm)
1971 Sep 27, Pamela Churchill
Harriman (1920-1997), English-born socialite, married her former lover
and former New York Governor Averell Harriman (79). She was the former
wife (1939-1946) of Randolph Churchill, the son of Winston Churchill.
From 1993-1997 she served as the US ambassador to France.
(SFC, 10/23/96,
p.E6)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamela_Harriman)
1971 Sep 28, Cardinal Josef
Mindszenty (1892-1975) of Hungary, who had spent 15 years in refuge in
the US Embassy in Budapest, ended his exile and flew to Rome.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3zsef_Mindszenty)
1971 Sep 30, The Washington
Senators baseball team played their last game before leaving DC for
Texas.
(WSJ, 4/7/99,
p.B1)(www.sportsecyclopedia.com/al/wastex/senators61.html)
1971 Oct 1, Walt Disney
Productions opened its Magic Kingdom in Orlando, Florida.
(AP,
10/1/97)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_Kingdom)
1971 Oct 1, As of this day divorce
in the Netherlands could only be granted on the ground of the
irretrievable breakdown of the marriage (Article 1:151 of the Dutch
Civil Code).
(http://www2.law.uu.nl/priv/cefl/Reports/pdf/Netherlands02.pdf)
1971 Oct 3, Pres. Nguyen Van Thieu
of South Vietnam was re-elected in an election in which he was the only
candidate. Vice-President Nguyen Cao Ky refused to participate.
(WUD, 1994, p. 1688)
1971 Oct 6, The LA Times reported
that federal agents had caught 36 illegal immigrants in a raid on a
food processing plant owned by Romana Banuelos who had 3 weeks earlier
been named by Pres. Nixon to be treasurer of the US. Nixon was
infuriated and he said on tape "I want Otis Chandler’s income tax."
Chandler was the publisher of the LA Times.
(SFC, 3/22/97, p.A7)
1971 Oct 8, Canada’s PM Pierre
Trudeau declared Canada to be bilingual and multicultural.
(Econ, 11/18/06,
p.39)(www.cic.gc.ca/english/resources/publications/legacy/chap-6b.asp)
1971 Oct 9, In Argentina an armed
uprising challenged Gen’l’. Lanusse but he secured the backing of the
Navy and Air Force and broke the challenge.
(SFC, 8/27/96, p.A17)(http://tinyurl.com/5ubr76)
1971 Oct 11, Switzerland
established diplomatic relations with North Vietnam.
(www.eda.admin.ch/eda/en/home/reps/asia/vvnm/bilvie.html)
1971 Oct 12, The rock opera "Jesus
Christ Superstar" opened at the Mark Hellinger Theatre on Broadway. It
closed July 1, 1973 after 711 performances.
(AP,
10/12/97)(www.ronaldbrucemeyer.com/rants/1012b-almanac.htm)
1971 Oct 12, The US House of
Representatives passed the Equal Rights Amendment with a vote of 354
yeas, 24 nays and 51 not voting. It failed to gain ratification before
the end of the deadline
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equal_Rights_Amendment)
1971 Oct 12, Dean G. Acheson
(b.1893), US secretary of state (1949-53), died in Maryland. In 2006
Robert L. Beisner authored “Dean Acheson: A Life in the Cold War.”
(www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAacheson.htm)(Econ,
8/26/06, p.58)
1971 Oct 16, H. Rap Brown (b.1943)
was captured following a shootout with police in NYC. He was charged
with inciting a riot and carrying a gun across state lines. Brown
converted to Islam in jail and became Jamil Abdullah Al-Amin.
(SSFC, 1/6/02,
p.A13)(http://americanascherrypie.tripod.com/id3.html)
1971 Oct 19, The last issue of
"Look" magazine was published.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Look_(American_magazine))
1971 Oct 20, Willy Brandt, West
German Chancellor, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for beginning the
German reunification.
(WUD, 1994, p.
1688)(http://nobelprize.org/peace/laureates/1971/brandt-cv.html)
1971 Oct 21, The Nobel Prize for
literature was awarded to Chilean poet Pablo Neruda (1904-1973).
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pablo_Neruda)(SSFC,
8/31/03, p.M3)
1971 Oct 21, President Nixon
nominated Lewis F. Powell and William H. Rehnquist to the US Supreme
Court following resignations of Justices Hugo Black and John Harlan.
(AP, 10/21/97)
1971 Oct 21, Half Moon Bay, Ca.,
held its 1st Art and Pumpkin Festival. The 1-day event was thought up
by Dolores Mullin to raise money for the Main Street Beautification
Committee to buy trees. John Minaidis of Half Moon Bay won with a
132-pound pumpkin. Terry Pimsleur (d.2008 at 77), public
relations executive, helped develop the fair.
(Ind, 9/29/01, 5A)(SFC, 10/10/06, p.B3)(SFC,
9/26/08, p.B9)
1971 Oct 25, The TV show “The
Electric Company” premiered providing an advance for children raised on
Sesame Street.
(NW, 11/11/02, p.56)(www.imdb.com/title/tt0066651/)
1971 Oct 25, Midori Goto, Japanese
violinist, was born in Osaka.
(HN,
10/25/00)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midori_Goto)
1971 Oct 25, The UN General
Assembly voted to admit the People’s Republic of China and expel
Nationalist China (Taiwan).
(AP,
10/25/97)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_and_the_United_Nations)
1971 Oct 27, The Democratic
Republic of Congo was renamed Zaire.
(http://biography.jrank.org/pages/2974/Seko-Mobutu-Sese.html)
1971 Oct 28, Britain voted to join
the EEC, European Economic Community.
(WUD, 1994, p. 1688)
1971 Oct 29, On the east coast of
India a tidal wave and cyclone struck Cuttack in Orissa state and
killed some 10,000 people.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-1980_North_Indian_Ocean_cyclone_seasons#1971_Orissa_Cyclone)
1971 Oct 30, Mack Ray Edwards,
California serial killer, hanged himself while on death row. He
admitted to 6 sexually motivated murders in the 1950s and 1960s and
later told a jailer that the number was closer to 20.
(SSFC, 10/12/08,
p.B7)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mack_Ray_Edwards)
1971 Oct 31, Saigon began the
release of 1,938 Hanoi POW’s.
(HN, 10/31/98)
1971 Oct, Earl W. Sutherland Jr.
(1915-1974), US pharmacologist, won the Nobel Prize in Medicine for his
discoveries concerning the mechanisms of the action of hormones.
(http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1971/press.html)
1971 Oct, Spiro Agnew (1918-1996),
US Vice-President, visited Greece and called the ruling junta the
country's best leaders since Pericles.
(www.ahistoryofgreece.com/junta.htm)(SFEC, 11/21/99,
p.A20)
1971 Oct, Bolivia restored the
death penalty for terrorism, kidnapping, and crimes against government
and security personnel. In 1997 the death penalty was abolished for
ordinary crimes.
{Bolivia}
(http://tinyurl.com/6384qk)(www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/countryfacts/bolivia.html)
1971 Nov 1, The Eisenhower dollar
was put into circulation.
(www.coinresource.com/guide/photograde/pg_$1ike.htm)
1971 Nov 3, The Clint Eastwood
film "Play Misty For Me" premiered in NYC.
(www.imdb.com/title/tt0067588/releaseinfo)
1971 Nov 5, Nixon and Kissinger
met in the Oval Office, to discuss Nixon's conversation with Gandhi the
day before. "We really slobbered over the old witch," Nixon told
Kissinger, according to a transcript of their conversation released in
2005 as part of a State Department compilation of significant documents
involving American foreign policy.
(AP, 6/28/05)
1971 Nov 6, The musical "Purlie"
closed at ANTA Playhouse in NYC after a total of 688 performances.
(www.ibdb.com/production.php?id=3514)
1971 Nov 6, The US Atomic Energy
Commission exploded a 5-megaton bomb beneath Amchitka Island, Alaska,
just 87 miles from the Petropavlovsk Russian naval base. It registered
as a magnitude-7 earthquake.
(SFC, 12/17/01, p.A4)
1971 Nov 8, Gen’l. John D.
Lavelle, Seventh Air Force Commander in Vietnam, markedly increased the
number of bombing raids against North Vietnam. The raids lasted until
Mar 8, 1972, when he became the target of a congressional investigation.
(SFEC, 10/18/98, BR p.8)
1971 Nov 10, Two women were tarred
and feathered in Belfast for dating British soldiers. In Londonderry,
Northern Ireland, a Catholic girl was tarred and feathered for her
intention of marrying a British soldier.
(HN, 11/10/98)
1971 Nov 11, Neil Simon's
"Prisoner of Second Avenue," premiered in NYC.
(www.imdb.com/title/tt0072034/)
1971 Nov 12, Pres. Nixon announced
that he would withdraw 45,000 more troops from Vietnam by Feb, 1972.
(WUD, 1994, p. 1688)(HN, 11/12/98)
1971 Nov 13, The US space probe
Mariner 9 went into orbit around Mars. NASA's Mariner 9 circled Mars
and revealed dried beds of rivers that flowed billions of years ago.
(SFC, 8/7/96, p.A9)(TMC, 1994, p.1971)(AP, 11/13/01)
1971 Nov 15, Intel first
advertised its 4004 microprocessor in Electronic News.
(www.intel.com/museum/archives/4004.htm)(SFC,
10/18/96, C9)
1971 Nov 16, Edie Sedgwick,
actress and model for Andy Warhol, died in California from a
barbiturate overdose.
(www.warholstars.org/stars/edie.html)
1971 Nov 18, The US federal
Airborne-Hunting Act prohibited shooting animals from planes without
license.
(WSJ, 12/9/03,
p.A1)(www.fws.gov/laws/lawsdigest/AIRBORN.HTML)
1971 Nov 22, The US Supreme Court
struck down dozens of state laws that discriminated against women when
it ruled that an Idaho law violated the 14th Amendment guarantee of
equal protection.
(SFC, 10/12/02, p.A21)
1971 Nov 22, Zez Confrey (b.1895),
American composer and pianist, died. His compositions included "Kitten
on the Keys" (1921) and "Dizzy Fingers" (1923).
(WSJ, 6/3/03,
p.D5)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zez_Confrey)
1971 Nov 22, Guerrilla fighting
escalated on the border of East Pakistan. India massed 12 divisions
near the border.
(WUD, 1994, p. 1688)
1971 Nov 23, The People's Republic
of China was seated in the UN Security Council. The UN vote to admit
was Oct 25.
(WUD, 1994, p. 1688)(AP, 11/23/97)
1971 Nov 24, On Thanksgiving eve
DB Cooper boarded Flight 305 in Portland, Or., and demanded $200,000
with the threat of a bomb. He parachuted from a Northwest Airlines 727
with the money over the Cascade Mountains near Ariel, Wash., and was
never seen again. FBI agent Ralph Himmelsbach wrote the book
NORJAK that described the case. A packet containing $5,880 of the
ransom money was found in 1980 on the north shore of the Columbia
River, just west of the Washington city of Vancouver.
(SFEC, 11/17/96, Z1 p.5)(AP, 11/24/97)
1971 Nov 24, A prison rebellion
took place at Rahway State Prison, NJ.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahway_State_Prison)
1971 Nov 26, Giacomo Alberione
(b.1884), Italian priest who also believed in using modern means to
bring God to the faithful, died. He had founded the Paoline Family,
which includes a publishing operation printing many religious books as
well as Famiglia Cristiana, a top-selling weekly that covers issues of
daily life, from homemaking to education, and religious life.
(AP,
4/27/03)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giacomo_Alberione)
1971 Nov 27, Eric Menendez,
accused with his brother of killing their parents (1989), was born in
New Jersey.
(www.biography.com/notorious/crimefiles.do?catId=259455&action=view&profileId=259645)
1971 Nov 28, The Anglican Bishop
of Hong Kong ordained the first two women as priests.
(HN,
11/28/98)(http://trushare.com/Mascall%20Women%20Priests.htm)
1971 Nov 28, In Uruguay the
Colorado candidate, Juan Maria Bordaberry, and the Blanco candidate
were virtually tied. In February 1972 the Electoral Court proclaimed
Bordaberry president, and he began a five-year term on March 1.
(www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/GeogHist/histories/history/hiscountries/U/uruguay.html)
1971 Nov 30, TV movie "Brian's
Song," aired for the 1st time on ABC-TV.
(www.imdb.com/title/tt0068315/)
1971 Dec 1, In Santiago, Chile,
students began a 2-day against the Allende government. The government
banned public demonstrations and declared a state of emergency.
(WUD, 1994, p. 1688)
1971 Dec 2, The British pulled out
of the Trucial States (7 coastal Arab sheikhdoms that included Sharjah)
in the Persian Gulf and these states formed the United Arab Emirates
(UAR). Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ras al Khaimah, Umm al Qaiwain, Ajman
and Fujairah merged to form the new federation.
(NG, 5/88, p.662)(HFA, '96, p.20)(SFC,12/16/97,
p.B1)(WSJ, 5/7/98, p.B16)
1971 Dec 2, The Mars 3 landed on
Mars and failed after 20 seconds of video data. The orbiter returned
date until August 1972.
(SFC, 11/19/96, p.B1)
1971 Dec 3, The 3rd Indo-Pakistani
war began when India intervened in the Pakistani civil war. Pakistan
attacked Indian airfields and India mobilized its army after nearly 10
million refugees poured into India. The India-Pakistani civil war ended
with independence for East Pakistan, now Bangladesh.
(SFEC, 8/3/97, p.A15)(SFC, 6/12/99, p.A12)(SSFC,
12/30/01, p.A22)
1971 Dec 6, The US Senate
confirmed Lewis Franklin Powell as a Supreme Court justice.
(www.glapn.org/sodomylaws/bowers/bonews03.htm)
1971 Dec 6, India recognized the
Democratic Republic of Bangladesh and Pakistan broke off diplomatic
relations. Bangladesh later accused Pakistan of war atrocities that led
to the death of some 3 million people during the 9-month war.
(WUD, 1994, p. 1688)(SFC, 12/31/00, p.B3)
1971 Dec 6, Bangladesh became
independent from Pakistan following a 9-month war in a struggle led by
Sheik Mujibar Rahman. Sheik Rahman was nominated as president on Dec 20
and released from prison on Dec 22; he returned to Bangladesh Jan 10.
(SFC, 5/21/96, p.A-10)
1971 Dec 9, Ralph J. Bunche
(b.1903), Detroit-born 1st black US diplomat and UN delegate, died In
NYC. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1950.
(www.gale.cengage.com/free_resources/bhm/bio/bunche_r.htm)
1971 Dec 10, Pres. Nixon signed
the US Revenue Act into law launching the income tax checkoff system
for campaign contributions and paving the way for public funding.
(SFEC, 10/5/97,
p.D9)(www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=3255)
1971 Dec 10, John Lennon made a
public appearance at a benefit concert for poet John Sinclair who was
in jail for possession of marijuana. Three days later Sinclair was
released.
(SFEC, 7/21/96, DB p.35)
1971 Dec 10, William H. Rehnquist
(b.1924) was confirmed as US Supreme Court justice.
(www.rehnquistcenter.org/rehnquist.cfm)
1971 Dec 12, David Sarnoff
(b.1891), US TV pioneer (RCA), died. He was a Russian immigrant who
transformed NBC from a radio to a TV network.
(SFC, 8/2/99, p.B3)(www.davidsarnoff.org/ds07.html)
1971 Dec 15, Pres. Nixon signed
the Wild Free-Roaming Horses and Burro Act. An $18 million Wild
Horse and Burro Program, headed by the Bureau of Land Management, was
designed to find homes for wild horses. "Excess" animals were annually
culled. The 10-17,000 wild horses grew to some 43,000 in 1998. In 2004
Conrad Burns, Republican Senator for Montana, introduced an amendment
that removed protection for wild horses over age 10.
(www.fs.fed.us/rangelands/ecology/wildhorseburro/whb_faqs.shtml)(WSJ,
8/25/98, p.A1)(Econ, 6/28/08, p.90)
1971 Dec 16, Bahrain, which had
declared independence on Aug 15, won independence from British
protection.
(SFEC, 3/7/99, p.D8)(AP,
12/17/02)(http://ixpats.com/bahrain.html)
1971 Dec 16, Pakistani forces in
East Pakistan surrendered to the allied forces of India and Bangladesh,
jointly known as the Mitro Bahini. Bangladesh gained independence.
Bangladesh later accused Pakistan of war atrocities that led to the
death of some 3 million people during the 9-month war.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1971)(SFC,
12/31/00, p.B3)
1971 Dec 17, A cease fire began
between India and Pakistan in East Pakistan.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1971)
1971 Dec 18, Pres. Nixon devalued
the dollar, and even though the devaluation was effective immediately,
only Congress could officially change the gold value of the dollar. The
US dollar went off the gold standard and was devalued by 7.9%. The 10%
import surcharge was lifted.
(WUD, 1994, p.
1688)(www.richmondfed.org/faqs/index.cfm?faq=Gold%20and%20Silver)
1971 Dec 18, Pres. Nixon signed
into law the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (ANCSA). It gave large
portions of prime bear habitat to the Alutiiq people, who had hunted
and fished on the island for 7,000 years. 10% of the state, 44 million
acres of land, was ceded to native tribes.
(http://tinyurl.com/3xjb8w)(SFC, 2/2/00, p.A7)(AH,
10/04, p.42)
1971 Dec 18, Reverend Jesse
Jackson announced in Chicago the founding of Operation PUSH (People
United to Save Humanity).
(AP, 12/18/99)
1971 Dec 18, North Vietnamese
troops captured the Plain of Jars in Laos. Throughout the Vietnam War,
the Plain of Jars was a contested area between Lao tribesmen and
Vietnam's communist allies, the Pathet Lao. The area was long
controlled by the Pathet Lao and a continual effort had been made by
the secret CIA-directed force of some 30,000 indigenous tribesmen to
strengthen anti-communist strongholds there. The US committed hundreds
of millions of dollars to the war effort in Laos. Details of this
secret operation were not released until August 1971.
(WUD, 1994, p.
1688)(www.arlingtoncemetery.net/aircrew-04191971.htm)
1971 Dec 19, Stanley Kubrick's
X-rated "A Clockwork Orange" premiered.
(http://movies.yahoo.com/movie/1800048705/info)
1971 Dec 20, Sheik Mujibar Rahman
was nominated as president of Bangladesh. He was released from prison
in Pakistan on Dec 22 and returned to Bangladesh Jan 10.
(SFC, 5/21/96, p.A-10)
1971 Dec 20, Ten French physicians
created a team that later became known as "Doctors Without Borders"
(Medecins Sans Frontreres) to help the people in the Nigerian region of
Biafra. They formed in frustration with the neutrality of the Int'l.
Committee of the Red Cross.
(SFC, 10/16/99, p.A17)(SFEC, 12/19/99, p.A14)
1971 Dec 20, In Pakistan Ali
Zulfikar Bhutto (1928-1979), a Sindhi landlord, took over as President
and Chief Martial Law Administrator. He implemented a policy of quotas
that promoted the Sindhi language and favored rural Sindhis over
Muhajirs in university admissions and public sector jobs. This led to a
student movement, led by Altaf Hussein and Farooq Sattar, that later
became the Muttahida Qaumi Movement (MQM).
(www.storyofpakistan.com/person.asp?perid=P019&Pg=2)
1971 Dec 22, The UN General
Assembly voted to ratify the election of Kurt Waldheim (1918-2007) of
Austria to succeed U Thant as the 4th Secretary-General.
(AP, 12/22/99)
1971 Dec 23, Pres. Nixon signed
the National Cancer Act, an initiative that came to be known as the
“war on cancer.” Dr. David A. Wood (1905-1996) helped draft the
National Cancer Act. The act added $100 million to the National Cancer
Institute directed by Dr. Carl Baker (1920-2009).
(http://dtp.nci.nih.gov/timeline/noflash/milestones/M4_Nixon.htm)(WSJ,
5/6/98, p.A1)(Econ, 10/16/04, p.13)(SFC, 11/13/96, p.C3)(SFC, 3/13/09,
p.B7)
1971 Dec 24, Jimmy Hoffa
(1913-1975), Teamster union leader, was released from prison after
President Nixon commuted his jail term.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Hoffa)
1971 Dec 24, LANSA Flight 508, a
LANSA Lockheed Electra OB-R-941 commercial airliner, crashed in the
Peruvian rainforest. Juliane Diller Kopcke (17) of Lima, Peru, was the
sole survivor of 92 passengers. She and her mother, famed ornithologist
Maria Kopcke, were traveling to meet with her father, biologist
Hans-Wilhelm Kopcke. Juliane traveled for 9 days in the jungle before
she found help. Her experience became the subject of two films: the
1974 Giuseppe Maria Scotese film Miracoli accadono ancora, I (Miracles
Still Happen), and the 2000 film “Wings of Hope” by Werner Herzog film.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliane_K%C3%B6pcke)
1971 Dec 28, Maximilian Raoul
Walter Steiner (b.1888), Austrian-born American composer, died. He is
known best for the score he composed for the classic film “Gone with
the Wind” and for the score and hugely popular theme song for the film
“A Summer Place.”
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Steiner)
1971 Dec 29, In Italy Giovanni
Leone (1908-2001) became president. He resigned 6 months before the end
of his 7-year term amid allegations of links to a payoff scandal
involving Lockheed Corp.
(SFC, 11/12/01,
p.A19)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Leone)
1971 William E. Brandon (d.2002)
published "The Magic World," an anthology of American Indian poetry.
(SFC, 5/31/02, p.A27)
1971 Claudio Bravo (b.1936),
Chilean-born Moroccan based artist, created a surrealist still life of
an assemblage of light bulbs.
(WSJ, 3/17/00,
p.W12)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claudio_Bravo_(artist))
1971 Fritz Koenig (b.1924), German
Sculptor, created a 27-foot-tall brass ball and called it "The Sphere."
It was installed at the NYC World Trade Center and was the only piece
of art to survive.
(WSJ, 3/7/02,
p.A22)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz_Koenig)
1971 Samuel Beckett (1906-1989),
Irish-born playwright, authored his play "Not I." Beckett spent most of
his life in Paris and in 1969 he won the Nobel Prize in Literature.
(SFEC, 1/17/99, BR
p.7)(www.imagi-nation.com/moonstruck/clsc7.htm)
1971 Al Alvarez (b.1929),
British writer, authored the best seller "The Savage God: A Study of
Suicide."
(WSJ, 12/27/00,
p.A10)(www.oundlesociety.org/AlAlvarez.asp)
1971 Jacques Barzun (b.1907) and
Wendell Hertig Taylor (1905-1985) authored “A Catalog of Crime.” It
became recognized as the best compendium of mystery and espionage
literature ever assembled.
(WSJ, 2/3/07,
p.P12)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Catalogue_of_Crime)
1971 Prof. Carl Cohen of U of M
published "Civil Disobedience."
(www.umich.edu/~newsinfo/MT/97/Fal97/mt10f97.html)
1971 Ram Dass (b.1931) published
his best-seller "Be Here Now." It was about his trek through India. He
was accompanied in part by Bhagavan Das, Michael Riggs. Riggs had set
off for India in 1963 at age 18. Bhagavan Das wrote his own memoir in
1997 titled "It’s Here Now (Are You?): A Spiritual Memoir.
(SFC, 12/1/97,
p.E5)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram_Dass)
1971 John Evans (b.1925), English
archeologist, published the comprehensive survey: "The Prehistoric
Antiquities of the Maltese Islands."
(AM, 7/97,
p.48)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Davies_Evans)
1971 Frederick Forsyth (b.1938)
published his thriller novel "The Day of the Jackal," about an attempt
to assassinate Charles de Gaulle. It was made into a film in 1973. It
was remade into a 1997 film called "The Jackal" and another film about
Carlos the Jackal, unrelated to the book, called "The Assignment."
(SFC, 11/6/96, p.B8)(SFC, 3/15/97, p.A19)(WSJ,
4/18/97, p.A16)(SFEC, 8/24/97, DB p.65)
1971 Eduardo Galeano,
Uruguayan journalist, authored "Open Veins of Latin America: Five
Centuries of the Pillage of a Continent."
(AP, 4/19/09)
1971 John Gardner (1933-1982),
American novelist, authored his novel "Grendel" based on the Beowulf
poem. It retold the story from the monster’s point of view.
(WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R53)
1971 M. Goffart wrote the standard
book on sloths: "Function and Form in the Sloth."
(Nat. Hist., 4/96, p.21)
1971 Philip Jones Griffiths
(1936-2008, Welsh photographer, published "Vietnam Inc," a collection
of black-and-white photos from his 3 years there as a freelancer.
(SSFM, 4/20/03,
p.A15)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Jones_Griffiths)
1971 Ivan Illich (1926-2002),
Austrian philosopher, anarchist social critic and former Catholic
priest, authored "De-Schooling Society."
(SFC, 12/4/02,
p.A28)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Illich)
1971 Edward James and his wife,
Janet Wilson James, co-edited "Notable American Women, 1607-1950."
(SFC, 4/20/01, p.D5)
1971 Elizabeth Janeway (1913-2005)
authored “Man’s World, Woman’s Place: A Study of Social Mythology.”
(SFC, 1/17/05, p.B4)
1971 Alvin Karpis (1908-1979),
Barker Gang gangster, completed his autobiography (The Alvin Karpis
Story) based on tape-recorded memories.
(WSJ, 7/15/04, p.D8)
1971 Ursula LeGuin (b.1929),
American author, published "The Lathe of Heaven," a science fiction
novel where all the dreams of the main character come true.
(WSJ, 1/1/00,
p.R8)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ursula_K._Le_Guin)
1971 Robert Ludlum (1927-2001)
authored "The Scarlatti Inheritance," his 1st suspense novel.
(SFC, 3/13/01, p.A25)(www.kirjasto.sci.fi/ludlum.htm)
1971 Bill Mauldin (1921-2003),
American soldier cartoonist, authored “The Brass Ring,” his story of
the Stars and Stripes newspaper during WWII. Mauldin had created the
cartoon soldiers Willie and Joe.
(WSJ, 9/29/07,
p.W8)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Mauldin)
1971 John McPhee (b.1931),
American pioneer of narrative non-fiction, authored "Encounters with
the Archdruid."
(SFC, 5/25/96,
p.A13)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_McPhee)
1971 James Michener (1907-1997),
American writer, authored "Kent State: What Happened and Why" as well
as his novel "The Drifters."
(SFC,10/17/97,
p.A17)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Michener)
1971 Wayne Oates (1917-1999),
American psychologist and religious educator, authored "Confessions of
a Workaholic: The Facts About Work Addiction." Prof. Oates coined the
term workaholic.
(SFC, 10/27/99,
p.C4)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayne_Oates)
1971 Walker Percy (1916-1990),
American Southern writer, authored his novel "Love in the Ruins."
(SSFC, 4/20/03,
p.M3)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walker_Percy)
1971 Donald Richie (b.1924)
authored his novel "The Inland Sea," about a lonely American
island-hopping across Japan’s Inland Sea.
(SSFC, 11/10/02,
p.C8)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Richie)
1971 Mike Royko, Chicago newspaper
columnist, wrote "Boss," a book on Mayor Richard M. Daley.
(SFC, 4/30/97, p.A6)
1971 Anne Sexton (1928-1974),
American poet and writer, authored "Transformations." It retold classic
fairy stories with a Freudian twist and personal references and formed
the basis for Conrad Susa’s 1973 opera of the same name.
(WSJ, 7/2/97, p.A12)(SFC, 6/23/98,
p.D1)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Sexton)
1971 Conrad (1906-1999) and Irene
Taeuber (1906-1974) wrote "People of the United States in the 20th
Century." Mr. Taeuber had directed the federal census in 1960 and 1970.
Their scholarly work helped found the science of demography and made
them authorities on population movements in the United States.
(http://tinyurl.com/58fg3v)(SFC, 9/25/99, p.A21)
1971 Hunter S. Thompson
(1937-2005), "gonzo journalist," wrote "Fear and Loathing in Las
Vegas." It was made into a film in 1998. The term gonzo was 1st applied
to Thompson by his journalist friend Bill Cardoso (d.1006 at 68). The
term had kicked around Boston for some time and was used by youth in
the 1950s to describe something as over the top.
(SFC, 5/22/98, p.C1)(SSFC, 3/5/06, p.B7)
1971 Jim and Artie Mitchell of SF
produced their porn film “Behind the Green Door” starring Marilyn
Chambers for $60,000. This was one of the first porn films with a plot
line and went big after it was learned that Chambers had worked as a
model for ivory soap. It grossed more than $25 million.
(SFC, 10/3/97, p.A15)(SFC, 7/14/07, p.A7)
1971 The film "Dirty Harry" with
Clint Eastwood and Harry Guardino was released. It was directed by Don
Siegel and had been shot in the SF Bay Area.
(SFEC, 8/11/96, DB, p.39)
1971 The film "Harold and Maude"
with Ruth Gordon was produced. The opening scene was filmed at in the
music room of Rosecourt, a Burlingame, Ca., home built by SF Chronicle
publisher George Cameron for his wife Helen, a daughter of Michael de
Young.
(SFEC, 10/11/97, DB p.36)(PI, 3/21/98, p.5)
1971 Vera Brodsky Lawrence
(1909-1996), pianist, editor and historian of American music, published
"The Collected Works of Scott Joplin." Joplin had composed the opera
"Treemonisha."
(SFC, 9/22/96, C12)(SFC, 1/27/97, p.A20)
1971 Gottfried von Einem
(1918-1996), Austrian composer, composed the opera "The Visit of the
Old Lady," based on the 1956 play by Friedrich Durenmatt.
(WSJ, 4/16/97,
p.A16)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_von_Einem)
1971 Former Beatle John Lennon
wrote his song "Imagine," and released his "Imagine" album. A film was
made of his recording work and in 1999 a 56 version titled "Gimme Some
Truth" was reported to be released on DVD in 2000.
(SFC, 8/10/96, p.E1)(SFC, 10/7/99, p.E3)
1971 Leonard Bernstein composed
his "Mass." It combined Latin liturgy with a new English libretto with
strains of pop, rock, jazz and classical sound.
(SFC, 8/10/99, p.B1)
1971 Aaron Copland (12900-1990)
composed "Threnody I for Flute and Strings" in honor of Stravinsky.
(http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/collections/copland/acworksT.html#work0098)
1971 The Electric Light Orchestra,
commonly abbreviated ELO, a symphonic rock group from Birmingham,
England, released their first of studio album. By 1986 they released 10
more and another album in 2001. The ELO was one of the most innovative
bands of the era.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_Light_Orchestra)(SFC, 7/7/96, DB
p.50)
1971 John Denver (1943-1997)
released his album "Poems, Prayers and Promises," that contained the
song "Take me Home, Country Roads."
(SFC, 10/14/97,
p.A10)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Denver)
1971 John Duffey (1934-1996)
formed his Seldom Scene bluegrass group. He had played with Charlie
Waller and the Country Gentlemen.
(SFC, 12/12/96,
p.C8)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Seldom_Scene)
1971 Marvin Gay (1939-1984)
released his classic R&B album “What’s Going On.”
(WSJ, 11/25/06,
p.P16)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marvin_Gaye)
1971 Carole King (b.1942) won 4
Grammys for her album "Tapestry."
(SFC, 2/25/99,
p.D1)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carole_King)
1971 Don McLean (b.1945) recorded
his hit "American Pie."
(WSJ, 3/2019/98,
p.W13)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_McLean)
1971 Faron Young (1932-1996),
American country music singer, made a country hit with "It’s 4 in the
Morning," written by Jerry Chessnut (b.1931).
(SFC, 12/12/96,
p.C8)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Chesnut)
1971 The Walker Art Center in
Minneapolis, designed by Edward Larrabee Barnes (1915-2004), was
completed.
(SFC, 9/24/04, p.B7)
1971 The Unification Church of
Rev. Sun Myung Moon (51) of South Korea counted some 500 members in the
US. Missionaries from South Korea and Japan had begun arriving in the
late 1950s and early 1960s.
(SFEC,11/30/97,
p.A12)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unification_Church_of_the_United_States)
1971 William Porter Gale,
anti-Semite, founded his infamous Jew-hating group called the Posse
Comitatus. It was founded on the belief that, constitutionally, no
governmental body higher than the county level is legitimate.
(MT, summer 2003,
p.18)(www.hsaj.org/?fullarticle=2.2.3)
1971 Bikram yoga, developed by
master yogi Bikram Choudhury (b.1946) in India, was brought to the US.
The practice included exercises in sweat lodge conditions.
(SSFC, 4/29/01, p.C6)
1971 The Consultative Group on
Int’l. Agricultural Research (CGIAR) was founded.
(Hem., 12/96, p.82)(www.cgiar.org/)
1971 The fabled stockyards of
Chicago closed.
(Hem., 12/96, p.89)
1971 The American Tinnitus
Association, a mutual support group, was founded.
(SFC, 2/5/98, p.E10)
1971 Michael S. Hart (b.1947)
began Project Gutenberg, an effort to put US historical documents on
line. It was later expanded to include books out of copyright.
(WSJ, 11/21/96,
p.B12)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_S._Hart)
1971 In SF the Vaillancourt
Fountain, sculpted by French-Canadian artist Armand Vaillancourt,
debuted on Justin Herman Plaza.
(SFC, 3/17/04, p.B4)
1971 The SF Opera made the US
premiere of Donizetti’s "Maria Stuarda" with Joan Sutherland.
(SFEC, 8/17/97, DB p.46)
1971 The SF Opera in the Park
program was begun. It was the inspiration of the Opera General Director
Kurt Herbert Adler.
(SFEM, 9/6/98, p.17)
1971 The 14-story Great Western
Building went up in Berkeley, Ca.
(SFC, 4/28/98, p.A12)
1971 In SF the 977-foot
Sutro Tower was built to transmit television signals. Harry Jacobs
(d.1999 at 84) headed the construction of the tower.
(SFC, 4/20/98, p.A14)(SFC, 5/27/99, p.C6)
1971 In SF St. Mary’s Cathedral
opened at Gough and Geary.
(SFEC, 10/7/96, A13)
1971 The Int’l. Bird Rescue
Research Center was founded by Alice Berkner in Berkeley, Ca.
(SFC, 8/17/96, p.A17-18)
1971 Barry Adams and Garrick Beck
helped found the Rainbow Family. In 2004 some 20,000 gathered in
northern California. One of the goals of the Rainbow Nation has been
and is to have P.E.AC.E. Villages throughout the United States of
America. P.E.A.C.E. stands for Positive Energy Alternative Cooperative
Environments.
(SFC, 7/4/97,
p.A10)(www.sonoran-sunsets.com/rainbow.html)
1971 Jack Leary, a rebel Jesuit
priest, found New College in San Francisco with the philosophy of
creating a just, sacred and sustainable world.
(SFC, 12/26/05, p.D3)
1971 The SF Bay Area Reporter
(B.A.R.), a gay community publication, was begun by Bob Ross (d.2003 at
69) and Paul Bentley.
(SFC, 12/12/03, p.A29)
1971 KPOO radio was founded in SF
by Lorenzo Milan. In 1973 Joe Rudolph (d.2001 at 63) took over
operations in the 1st black-owned, non-commercial radio station west of
the Mississippi.
(SFC, 3/14/01, p.A20)
1971 The D.Q. University,
California’s only Indian tribal college, was founded on 643 acres of
federal surplus property 7 miles west of Davis.
(SFC, 4/5/00, p.A15,22)
1971 Journalist Don Hoefler,
editor of the Electronic News, coined the term Silicon Valley to
describe the technology base in the southern San Francisco Bay Area.
(SSFC, 10/30/05, p.J4)(Econ, 12/16/06, p.67)
1971 Alice Waters (b.1939) opened
Chez Panisse restaurant in Berkeley, Ca.
(SFEC, 3/8/98, p.W35)
1971 Stephen Gaskin (b.1935) and
some 300 hundred San Francisco hippies started the Tennessee rural
commune called The Farm. It was located on a 1,750 acre property in
Lewis County and based not on rules but on agreements.
(Wired, 5/97,
p.110)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Gaskin)
1971 James Weinstein (1926-2005)
founded Modern Times Bookstore in SF.
(SFEC, 12/13/98, Z1 p.5)
1971 Kimochi Inc. was founded in
SF as a nonprofit service to Japanese seniors.
(SFEC, 3/21/99, p.D3)
1971 Franzo King founded the John
Coltrane African Orthodox Church at 351 Divisadero St. in San
Francisco. King named himself Bishop King and played tenor sax every
Sunday at noon for services. A new owner forced the Church to relocate
in 2000.
(WSJ, 1/26/99, p.A16)(SFC, 3/11/00, p.A13)
1971 San Francisco’s first Gay
Pride parade was held.
(SFC, 6/28/97, p.A15)
1971 In SF Steve Strauss founded
the Blue Bear School of American Music to teach rock instead of Bach.
The school offered courses in rock, blues, folk and jazz. In 1996 they
celebrated a 25 year anniversary.
(SFC, 9/12/96, p.E1)
1971 Bebe, the SF-based women’s
fashion retailer, was founded as a boutique.
(SFEM,11/23/97, p.27)
1971 Charles Schwab started his
brokerage firm in San Francisco. In 1975 he took advantage of new SEC
regulations and turned the company into a discount brokerage.
(SSFC, 5/1/05, p.E1)
1971 Mimi Silbert joined John
Maher (d.1988) at Delancey Street in San Francisco, a foundation to
help ex-cons re-integrate into society.
(SFEM, 10/20/96, p.11,17)(SFEM, 12/22/96, p.5)
1971 In SF Amy Meyer spearheaded a
coalition of community support for the Golden Gate National Recreation
Area.
(SFC, 1/29/98, p.B2)
1971 In SF Richard Sorro
(1935-1996) founded the Mission Hiring Hall through the Model Cities
Program.
(SFC, 12/19/96, p.C10)
1971 The SF 49ers played at Kezar
Stadium in Goldengate Park up to this year, when they moved to
Candlestick Park.
(SFC, 7/29/97,
p.A5)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candlestick_Park)
1971 The SF Warriors changed their
name to the Golden Gate Warriors.
(SFEC, 3/1/98, p.W29)
1971 SF was ordered to begin
bussing to achieve school desegregation. Judge Stanley Weigel (d.1999
at 93) ordered the desegregation of the SF schools.
(SFEC, 9/20/98, Z1 p.6)(SFC, 9/4/99, p.A25)
1971 San Francisco’s Jackson
Square at Jackson and Montgomery was declared an official historic
district by the Board of Supervisors. 83 of the buildings dated to the
mid-19th century.
(SFC, 6/25/99, p.A18)(SFC, 12/18/01, p.A19)
1971 In SF Joseph Caporale
(1910-1996), part-owner of Capp’s Corner restaurant was identified by
police as the "biggest bookie in North Beach."
(SFC, 12/24/96, p.A16)
1971 The last passenger train from
SF to Monterey was put into retirement. A project to bring it back was
initiated by Monterey in 1997.
(SFC, 5/5/97, p.A20)
1971 San Francisco’s Fleischhacker
Pool closed down.
(SFEC, 3/1/98, p.W38)
1971 Swami Vishnu-devananda
(1927-1993), a student of Swami Sivananda (1887-1963), set up the
Sivananda Ashram Yoga Farm in Grass Valley, Ca.
(SSFC, 10/3/04,
p.D5)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swami_Vishnu-devananda)
1971 The Berkeley-Oakland Support
Services program began. It was renamed in 1996 to Building
Opportunities for Self-Sufficiency (BOSS).
(SFEC, 12/22/96, Z1 p.2)
1971 George Lucas moved his film
operations to Skywalker Ranch in Marin County, Ca.
(WSJ, 1/22/00, p.B1)
1971 Sue Rugge (d.1999 at 58)
co-founded Information Unlimited, an independent research firm based in
Berkeley, Ca.
(SFC, 6/16/99, p.B4)
1971 The American Indian Council
of Mariposa County, Ca., was formed.
(SFEC, 5/18/97, Z1 p.4)
1971 John Belton Dewitt
(1937-1996) became the executive director of the Save-the-Redwoods
League, a California organization established in 1918. Under his
24-years as secretary and director $65 million was raised and 30,000
acres of virgin forest was acquired for public parks and preserves.
(SFC, 8/29/96,
p.C4)(www.savetheredwoods.org/league/timeline.shtml)
1971 Stanley "Tookie" Williams and
Raymond Washington formed the Crips gang as an alliance to combat
rivals in East Los Angeles, Ca.
(SFEC, 11/19/00, p.C2)
1971 California’s Gov. Reagan
approved a major increase in aid to welfare recipients.
(SFC, 12/27/99, p.A10)
1971 California state income taxes
began to be withheld from worker's paychecks. California was the last
state to do so.
(SFC, 12/27/99, p.A10)
1971 The California Supreme Court
in the Serrano-Priest decision ruled that the state system of primarily
using property tax revenue to finance schools was unconstitutional. The
decision was written by Justice Raymond Sullivan.
(SFC, 10/22/99, p.B7)
1971 In California Francis Dale
Calhoon (73) was convicted in the murder of his wife, Marian. He served
3 years in prison and during that time began writing books on the
California Gold Rush. Calhoon died in 1999 and his 5 Gold Country sagas
were still in print along with a story of his prison experience.
(SFC, 1/1/00, p.A25)
1971 John Linley Frazier, hippie
revolutionary, was convicted of killing 5 people in Santa Cruz, Ca.,
and was sentenced to death.
(SSFC, 2/8/04, p.A28)
1971 Foster City, Ca., was
incorporated.
(Ind, 8/4/01, 5A)
1971 Dr. Boyd Stephens (1940-1965)
took over the SF coroner’s office as medical examiner.
(SFC, 4/5/05, p.B5)
1971 Two San Francisco brothers,
aged 7 & 10, confessed to the crucifixion murder of 20-month-old
Noah Alba. They were never charged but were placed in foster care and
given intense therapy.
(SFC, 5/6/96, p.A-1)
1971 The first Ralph Lauren Polo
store opened on Beverly Hills’ Rodeo Drive.
(SFC, 4/14/96, EM,
p.10)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polo_Ralph_Lauren)
1971 Mervyns, a California-based
department store chain, went public with a stock sale of 300,000 shares.
(WSJ, 9/4/08, p.B6)
1971 Toyota Corp. established the
Calty Design facility in Newport Beach, Ca., an automotive design
center.
(IBCC, 10/97, #9)
1971 Dominican College in San
Rafael, Ca., began to admit male students.
(SFC, 6/26/00, p.A17)
1971 In northern California
students at San Rafael High School, who smoked pot and called
themselves the Waldos, coined the term 420 (four-twenty) as a shorthand
code for meeting at the campus statue of Louis Pasteur at 4:20 pm to
smoke pot.
(SFC, 4/20/00, p.A20)
1971 Stanford Univ. opened up
about 700 acres for development and Hewlett-Packard was among the
earliest tenants.
(SFEC, 3/1/98, p.W6)
1971 Stanford Prof. Philip
Zimbardo conducted a psychology experiment that randomly assigned
college-age men to roles as prisoners and guards. The experiment turned
into a nightmare and was soon called off. In 2007 Zimbardo authored
“The Lucifer Effect: Understanding How Good People Turn Evil.”
(SSFC, 4/29/07, p.M1)
1971 The "Sickle Slayer" hacked 2
campers to death near Nevada City, Ca.
(SFC, 1/12/01, p.A3)
1971 Mary Bowerman (1908-2005) and
Art Bonwell co-founded the Save Mount Diablo group and were
instrumental in expanding the boundaries of the northern California
Mount Diablo state park from 6,788 acres to over 20,000 acres in 2006.
In 1944 Bowerman published her doctoral thesis: “Flowering Plants and
Ferns of Mount Diablo.”
(SFC, 8/25/05, p.B7)(SFC, 12/29/06, p.B1)
1971 Albert H. Bowker (1919-2008),
8-year chancellor of City Univ. of New York, was named chancellor of
California’s UC Berkeley.
(SFC, 1/25/08,
p.B9)(www.nndb.com/people/673/000167172/)
1971 California had 12 state
prisons. By 2001 the number rose to 33.
(SSFCM, 8/19/01, p.7)
1971 Ralph K. Davies, an oil
millionaire for whom a SF medical center is named, died. He was an
executive for Standard Oil who went off on his own and bought oil
concessions around the world. He also ran American President Lines and
the Natomas Co.
(SFC, 6/23/98, p.A1,11)
1971 In SF Shunryu Suzuki
(Suzuki-roshi), Japanese Zen missionary and abbot of the SF Zen Center,
died of cancer. Richard Baker (36) was installed as the abbot. Scandals
hit the center in 1983. In 2001 Michael Downing authored "shoes Outside
the Door: Desire, Devotion and Excess at the SF Zen Center."
(SSFC, 11/11/01, p.M3)
1971 A SF police helicopter, a
UH-1 Huey, crashed into Lake Merced and co-pilot Charles D. Lagosa (30)
was killed.
(SFC, 1/13/00, p.A15)
1971 Roger Chapin founded Help
Hospitalized Veterans (HHV), a non-profit organization to provide craft
kits for hospitalized vets. On September 3, 2007, a Forbes magazine
article by William P. Barrett titled "Shell Game" reported that Chapin
and his wife Elizabeth were accused of spending the money raised by
their non-profit organizations to fund their own lifestyles, vehicles,
and real estate investments, rather than to benefit troops or wounded
veterans at the 97% efficiency rate that the charity claims.
(www.hhv.org/about/history.asp)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Chapin)(SFEC,
8/25/96, Par p.8)
1971 The conservative John Birch
Society, founded in 958, began to sponsor summer camps for youth across
the US to rebuild the society.
(SFC, 8/5/96,
p.A5)(www.rickross.com/reference/jbs/jbs1.html)
1971 The American Libertarian
Party was founded.
(Econ, 6/5/04,
p.27)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libertarianism)
1971 Aviator Sid Cutter revived
ballooning in Albuquerque, NM, to commemorate his mother’s birthday.
The experience led him to invite balloonists from around the world for
the 1st int’l. balloon festival.
(SSFC, 9/25/05, E9)
1971 Keith Wylie (1945-1999),
British croquet star, in the Open Championship completed "the sextuple
peel," which involved knocking a ball through 6 hoops using another
ball. He authored "Expert Croquet Tactics" in 1985.
(SFC, 12/7/99,
p.B4)(www.mauicroquetclub.org/people/KeithWylie.htm)
1971 The US Bureau of Alcohol,
Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) branded ammonium perchlorate
composite propellant (APCP) as a low explosive. The substance, used as
a rocket propellant by NASA, was also used by rocket hobbyists.
(WSJ, 5/7/04,
p.A1)(http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/local/113159_rockets19.shtml)
1971 US CIA funding for Radio Free
Europe and Radio Liberty was disclosed. In 2000 Arch Puddington, deputy
director of RFE/RL’s new York bureau from 1985 to 1993, authored
"Broadcasting Freedom." The Munich headquarters were closed in 1994 and
the organization moved to an afterlife in Prague.
(WSJ, 6/5/00,
p.A30)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe)
1971 The US government set strict
federal safety standards for the auto industry that included passive
restraints, i.e. air bags. The National Highway Traffic Safety
Administration (NHTSA) delayed a passive-restraint mandate until 1976
after Henry Ford II and Ford President Lee Iacocca lobbied President
Nixon.
(WSJ, 6/19/96, Adv.
Supl)(www.motorvista.com/airhist.htm)
1971 Arizona indicted Weather
Underground members John Allen Fuerst (25) and Roberta Brent Smith (25).
(SFC, 1/21/02, p.E3)
1971 A 29-year litigation began
over a federal and state suit to desegregate Mississippi's public
universities. In 2004 a federal appeals court upheld a settlement to
allocate $503 million over 17 years toward balanced integration.
Continued litigation was denied.
(SFC, 1/28/04, p.A3)
1971 Robert Lee Vesco (1935-2007)
fled the US to avoid charges of bilking mutual fund investors of $224
million. In 1972 the SEC charged him and others in a civil lawsuit, but
Vesco had fled to the Bahamas and then to Costa Rica where he
established a close friendship with Pres. Jose Figueres, plowing some
11 million into the country.
(SFC, 8/21/96, p.A8)(SFC, 5/3/08, p.A6)(Econ,
5/31/08, p.91)
1971 An Arizona law under Gov.
Jack Williams (1909-1998) outlawed secondary boycotts and harvest-time
strikes, tools used by the growing UFW.
(SFEM, 4/13/97, p.12)(http://rulers.org/indexw2.html)
1971 Sister Jogues Egan (d.1998 at
79) was charged as a unindicted co-conspirator with the Harrisburg Six,
in the so-called Kissinger plot that included Phillip Berrigan and
other Catholic peace protestors. They were charged by the government to
have conspired to blow up federal property and to kidnap Henry
Kissinger.
(SFC, 4/18/98, p.A20)
1971 Disney Corp. filed suit
against the Air Pirates, underground cartoonists led, more or less, by
Dan O'Neill. 2 issues of Air Pirates Funnies had appeared under the
imprint of Hell Comics, a front for Last Gasp. In 2004 Bob Levin
authored "The Pirates and the Mouse: Disney's War Against the
Underground."
(SSFC, 1/11/04, p.M2)
1971 The first monocline insurance
company, Ambac Financial Group Inc, was formed as an insurer of
municipal bonds. MBIA Inc was formed in 1973. They are so named because
they provide services to only one industry.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoline_insurance)
1971 AT&T Bell Labs conducted
its first cellular phone test in Chicago.
(WSJ, 12/6/99, p.A3)
1971 Ray Tomlinson, an engineer at
Bolt Beranek and Newman (BBN), invented an e-mail program that allowed
users to exchange messages across a distributed network. In 1972
Tomlinson modified the program to run on ARPANET where it became a
quick hit.
(http://tinyurl.com/6s97pv)
1971 William E. Colson (1941-2007)
founded Holiday Management in Salem, Ore., to develop senior housing.
By 2007 Holiday Retirement Corp. owned over 35,000 apartments in the US
and Canada and was sold to Fortress Investment Group for over $6.5
billion.
(WSJ, 5/26/07, p.A6)
1971 Leonard Riggio bought the
single New York store Barnes & Noble company (1873). He then
expanded by buying mall chains such as B. Dalton and Doubleday. The
superstore concept came with the purchase of Bookstop in 1989.
(WSJ, 9/3/96, p.A6)
1971 Tom and Louis Borders opened
their used-bookstore in Ann Arbor. They developed a state of the art
inventory system and expanded to superstores in Birmingham, Mich., and
Atlanta. In 1989 they brought in Robert DiRomualdo to run the company
and it was sold to Kmart in 1992. Kmart spun if off in 1995.
(WSJ, 9/3/96, p.A6)
1971 John W. Nichols (1914-2008)
and his son founded Devon Energy Corp. Devon went public in 1988.
(WSJ, 8/9/08, p.A12)
1971 Charles Schwab started his
brokerage firm in San Francisco. In 1975 he took advantage of new SEC
regulations and turned the company into a discount brokerage.
(SSFC, 5/1/05, p.E1)
1971 Rev. Leon Sullivan
(1922-2001), a noted Philadelphia minister, became GM’s 1st black board
member. In 1998 Sullivan authored “Moving Mountains.”
(SFC, 6/8/04,
B7)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon_Sullivan)
1971 Tesoro Corp. was listed on
the NYSE. Robert V. West Jr. (1921-2006), founder of the oil company
(1964), retired in San Antonio, Tx., in 1992.
(WSJ, 11/25/06, p.A6)
1971 General Mills introduced
Hamburger Helper. It helped families stretch a pound of meat into a
family meal as beef prices soared under weak economic growth. In 2001
it was heralded as part of a family of "convenient-involvement
products."
(WSJ, 3/7/00, p.A1)
1971 W.R. Grace & Co. formed
Chemed (chemicals, medicine, education) and sold off a chunk in an IPO
with executive Edward L. Hutton (1919-2009) as the CEO. In the 1980s
Omnicare was formed out of the health business at Grace and Chemed and
Mr. Hutton became chairman of the new concern.
(WSJ, 3/7/09, p.A12)
1971 The first Ralph Lauren Polo
store opened on Beverly Hills’ Rodeo Drive.
(SFC, 4/14/96, EM,
p.10)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polo_Ralph_Lauren)
1971 Mervyns, a California-based
department store chain, went public with a stock sale of 300,000 shares.
(WSJ, 9/4/08, p.B6)
1971 McDonald’s opened its first
restaurant in Japan.
(SFC, 7/6/96, p.D1)
1971 National Lead changed its
name to NL Industries. It is now a world-wide producer and marketer of
pigments, dyes, and specialty chemicals. It was incorporated in
1891.
(WSJ, 5/28/96, R45)
1971 Southwest Airlines began
operations. The stewardesses wore white boots and orange hot pants.
(SFC, 5/12/96, Mag. p.4)
1971 Starbucks began in Seattle as
a single coffee shop. Gordon Bowker, Zev Siegl and Jerry Baldwin,
former students of the Univ. of SF, opened Starbuck's Coffee, Tea and
Spice with coffee supplied from Peet's Coffee in Berkeley. Howard
Schultz, a marketing director hired in 1982, later published "Pour Your
Heart Into It: How Starbucks Built a Company One Cup at a Time."
Schultz bought Starbucks in 1987. The company went public in 1992. By
1996 there were 1,115 stores. By 2006 there were 10,500 locations
around the world.
(SFC, 5/4/99, p.C6)(SFEM, 8/1/99, p.8)(Econ,
2/25/06, p.72)
1971 Ray Tomlinson, computer
engineer, put the @ sign into the first e-mail message sent from one
machine to another at BBN, a computer consulting firm.
(SFC, 10/23/96, p.B1)
1971 The 1st laser printer was
made at Xerox PARC in Palo Alto, Ca.
(SFC, 7/26/04, p.F4)
1971 The US ended routine
vaccination against smallpox.
(SSFC, 9/2/07, p.A5)
1971 Dr. Judah Folkman (1933-2008)
proposed that tumor growth might be prevented if a way could be found
to keep blood vessels from forming around them to supply nutrients and
oxygen. Proteins were later discovered that spurred angiogenesis and
antibodies were found to block them.
(SFC, 6/2/03, p.A11)(WSJ, 1/19/08, p.A10)
1971 Harold S. Johnston was the
first scientist to warn that trace amounts of nitrogen emitted to the
upper atmosphere could profoundly damage the ozone layer. He earned a
national Medal of Science in 1997. His discovery led Congress to
initiate the CIAP.
(SFC,12/16/97, p.A20)
1971 The US government initiated a
$21 million study called the Climactic Impact Assessment Program
(CIAP). Its purpose was to study the impact of high-flying airplanes on
the upper atmosphere, i.e. the stratosphere.
(NOHY, 3/90, p.138)
1971 The Lake Tahoe State Park in
Nevada was officially dedicated.
(SFC, 6/6/06, p.B5)
1971 Ted Fujita, a Univ. of
Chicago wind expert, developed the F0 to F5 scale for measuring the
strength of tornadoes.
(SFC, 2/3/06, p.A18)
1971 Non-renewable sources of
energy accounted for 90% of energy use. Hydro-electric and wood sources
produced less than 6%. Solar and wind energy produced 0.2% of energy
use in the USA.
(Smith., 4/95, p.30)
1971 The US census counted 208
million Americans.
(TMC, 1994, p.1971)
1971 The largest pterosaur known,
Quetzalcoatlus, was discovered in Texas. Its wingspan was about 12
meters, and it lived on open flat-land probably as a scavenger. Its
body was covered with hair, but its head and neck were probably naked.
(T.E.-J.B. p.20)
1971 Giacomo Alberione, a priest
who also believed in using modern means to bring God to the faithful,
died. He had founded the Paoline Family, which includes a publishing
operation printing many religious books as well as Famiglia Cristiana,
a top-selling weekly that covers issues of daily life, from homemaking
to education, and religious life.
(AP, 4/27/03)
1971 Bonaire, Netherland Antilles,
outlawed spearfishing off the island.
(SFEC, 10/6/96,
T8)(www.geographia.com/bonaire/bondiv01.htm)
1971 Hoof-and-mouth disease hit
Argentine cattle.
(SFC, 6/15/00, p.A16)
1971 Australia joined with New
Zealand and 14 independent of self-governing island nations to form the
South Pacific Forum. The name was changed in 2000 to Pacific Islands
Forum. Member states include: Australia, the Cook Islands, the
Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Kiribati, the Marshall Islands,
Nauru, New Zealand, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, the Solomon
Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, and Vanuatu. Since 2006, associate members
territories are New Caledonia and French Polynesia.
(Econ, 10/20/07,
p.61)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Islands_Forum)
1971 Hunting crocodiles, aka
"salties," was banned in the Northern Territory.
(WSJ, 1/24/00, p.A1)
1971 Belgium banned the practice
of selling products at a loss in order to attract customers. Also
banned was the practice of selling below cost or selling at “extremely
reduced” profit margins. This led to numerous court cases and limited
special seasonal sales.
(Econ, 1/5/08, p.46)
1971 Bhutan joined the United
Nations.
(WSJ, 1/25/00, p.A1)
1971 Peter Brook (b.1925), British
stage and film director, founded his Int’l. Center for Theater Research
in Paris. In 1998 Brook published his memoir "Threads of Time:
Recollections."
(SFEC, 6/14/98, BR
p.5)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Brook)
1971 Francois Bizot, French
ethnologist, was kidnapped by the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia. In 2003 he
authored "The Gate," an account of his captivity and the Khmer Rouge
takeover.
(WSJ, 3/12/03, p.D10)
1971 Hydro-Quebec began flooding
Cree land as part of the initial phase of its plan, known as the La
Grande Project. The James Bay Dam Project would inundate vast tracts of
pristine land, flooding spawning grounds, drying up river beds, and
destroying wetlands vital to migratory birds.
(CNT, Nov., 1994, pp.120,124)
1971 The Chilean government
confiscated the Chuquicamata mine from the US Anaconda Copper Co.
Anaconda lost two-thirds of its copper production. A unit of Atlantic
Richfield purchased the company for $700 mil. ARCO later sold most of
its interests in Anaconda except for ARCO aluminum.
(WSJ, 5/28/96, p. R46)
1971 Opportunity International, a
non-profit organization with Christian roots, began lending to the poor
in Colombia.
(Econ, 11/5/05, Survey p.4)
1971 The Roskilde rock festival,
inspired by Woodstock, was first held in Denmark.
(SFC, 7/1/00, p.A12)
1971 Denmark became the first
European country to create a Cabinet-level ministry dealing exclusively
with the environment.
(SFC, 12/15/99, p.AA6)
1971 In Denmark the Christiana
enclave took root in Copenhagen when dozens of hippies moved into the
derelict 18th-century navy fort on 600 acres of state-owned land.
(AP, 3/16/04)(SSFC, 10/31/04, p.A3)
1971 In Denmark the
Jyllands-Posten newspaper declared itself politically independent.
(AP, 2/8/06)
1971 A number of members of the
Egyptian National Assembly were expelled for plotting to overthrow
Pres. Sadat.
(SFC, 6/22/99, p.A24)
1971 Franklin Louffrani, French
journalist, registered the mark for the yellow "smiley face," which he
began using in 1968 to show good news after the student riots. The very
earliest known examples of the graphic are attributed to Harvey Ball, a
commercial artist in Worcester, Massachusetts. He devised the face in
1963 for an insurance firm that wanted an internal campaign to improve
employee morale.
(WSJ, 7/1/98,
p.B1)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smiley)
1971 Periklis Panagopoulos, Greek
ferry operator, founded Royal Cruise Line.
(AP, 1/20/09)
1971 Milli Gorus, an Islamic
Turkish community organization, was founded in Germany as Turkische
Union Deutschland.
(http://flagspot.net/flags/eu%7Digmg.html)
1971 Vincent Lo (b.1948) founded
the Shui On Group in Honk Kong with a family loan of $16,700. In 2005
Lo and his partners sold land in Manhattan and proceeded to purchase
the Bank of America Center in SF.
(SSFC, 1/1/06, p.J6)
1971 In Indonesia in south central
Kalimantan, Borneo, Birute Galdikas (b.1946), established a research
center and rehabilitation station for ex-captive orangutans. The
animals are only found in Sumatra and Borneo.
(SFC, 1/6/98, p.A19)
1971 The Kodo drummers from Sado
Island, Japan, formed into a performance company. Kodo means
"heartbeat" and "children of the drum."
(SFEC,1/19/97, DB p.9)
1971 Ngugi wa Thiongo, Kenyan
writer, published his novel “Petals of Blood.” He was soon imprisoned
by the government of Pres. Daniel arap Moi for his satire. Upon
his release he went into exile and established himself as an American
academic.
(Econ, 8/19/06, p.70)
1971 In Kenya the Norwegian
government designed a fish processing plant at Lake Turkana to provide
jobs to the nomadic Turkana people. The plant was completed and soon
shut down due to high operating costs for the freezers in the desert.
(SFC, 12/21/07, p.A31)
1971 In Latvia the top secret
Russian Skrunda radar station was opened.
(BN, 10/98, p.1)
1971 Malaysia introduced a New
Economic Policy (NEP), which ushered in affirmative action for Malays.
The temporary bill expired in 1990, when it was renamed and hardly
changed.
(Econ, 3/15/08,
p.51)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysian_New_Economic_Policy)
1971 In Malawi Kamuzu Banda
(c1896-1997) named himself president for life. He served as president
from 1961 to 1994.
(SFC,11/27/97,
p.B8)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hastings_Banda)
1971 In Northern Ireland Ian
Paisley founded the uncompromising Democratic Unionist Party. He was
virulently anti-Catholic and sought the military defeat of the IRA.
(SFC, 4/11/98,
p.A8)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Unionist_Party)
1971 Pakistan’s Gen. Tikka Khan
(1915-2002) led the crackdown against Bengali separatists. His tactics
won him the name “Butcher of Bengal.” From 1972-1976 he served as Chief
of the Army Staff under PM Zulfikar Ali Bhutto.
(SFC, 3/29/02,
p.A24)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tikka_Khan)
1971 Following Pakistan’s defeated
by India and Bangladesh in the Bangladesh war. Pakistan decided to
develop a nuclear weapons program.
(SFC, 5/28/98, p.A9)
1971 In South Africa
"Umabatha" by Welcome Msomi, playwright and director, premiered
at the Amphitheater of the Univ. of Natal and then in the US. It was a
recast of Shakespeare’s Macbeth in the context of 19th century Zulu
history.
(WSJ, 7/25/97, p.A12)(SFEC, 9/21/97, DB p.35)
1971 In the Orange Free State,
South Africa, 19 citizens were arrested for contravening the Immorality
Act by having sex across the color line.
(Econ, 2/28/04, p.81)
1971 In South Africa shaft No. 14
in Gold Reef City near Johannesburg closed. In the 1980s developer
Norman Jarrett helped create the "Gold Reef City" theme park.
(SFEC, 8/10/97, Z1 p.4)(http://tinyurl.com/2oam78)
1971 The Korea Advanced Institute
for Science and Technology was founded in Daejeon, South Korea.
(WSJ, 5/1/07, p.A1)
1971 A Soviet field test of
weaponized smallpox caused an outbreak that killed 2 young children and
a woman at the port of Aralsk in the Kazak Republic. This was not made
public until 2002.
(SFC, 6/15/02, p.A8)
1971 Mohammed Wardi,
Nubian-Sudanese singer known as the Golden Throat, began a 2 year
prison term under the authoritarian regime of Gen. Jaafar Nimeiri, who
ruled Sudan from 1969-1985.
(SFC, 9/21/07,
p.A12)(http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/350170.stm)
1971 Sweden moved to keep out
foreign shoes on the grounds of national security.
(WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R50)
1971 In Switzerland "The World
Economic Forum" at Davos was founded by Klaus Schwab. By 2000 it became
a powerful player in global economic affairs.
(WSJ, 1/27/00, p.A18)
1971 Michael Oliver, a Las
Vegas-based libertarian activist, created the Republic of Minerva by
dumping sand on the Minerva Reefs 310 miles southwest of Tonga. He
proclaimed independence in 1972, but Tonga annexed the place and it
soon sank.
(Econ, 12/24/05, p.84)
1971 Turkey shut down the Greek
Orthodox Halki seminary on Heybeli island off Istanbul.
(Econ, 6/25/05, p.50)
1971 In Zaire (later Congo DRC)
Joseph-Desire Mobutu changed his name to Mobutu Sese Seko Kuku Ngbendu
wa za Banga, which meant "the all-powerful warrior who, because of his
inflexible will to win, will go from conquest to conquest leaving fire
in his wake.
(SFC, 9/8/97, p.A8)
1972-73 Edmund Kemper III (b.1948) murdered 6 female
college students and chopped up their bodies in the Santa Cruz, Ca.,
area. In 1964, at age 15, he had shot and killed his grandparents. He
killed his mother and a friend of hers in Santa Cruz on Easter weekend,
1973, and soon surrendered. He was sentenced to life in prison at
Vacaville, Ca.
(www.trutv.com/library/crime/serial_killers/predators/kemper/edmund_1.html)
1971-1976 "All in the Family" was the top ranking
network show on television for five seasons with rankings of 34, 33.3,
32.2, 30.2, and 30.1%.
(WSJ, 4/24/95, p.R-5)
1971-1977 Bella Savitzky Abzug (1920-1998), radical
feminist and anti-war activist, served as a Democratic Congress
representative from Manhattan.
(SFC, 4/1/98, p.A5)
1971-1978 In Bolivia Colonel Hugo Banzer Suarez ruled
the country through repression and torture.
(SFC, 3/15/97, p.A10)
1971-1983 Stagflation, a period of rising inflation,
high oil prices and weak labor markets, marked the global economy.
(Econ, 5/7/05,
p.13)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stagflation)
1971-1985 In 2005 Peter Hug, history professor at the
Univ. of Bern, reported that a Swiss nuclear research center aided
South Africa between 1971 and 1985 in the sectors of acceleration
technology and uranium enrichment.
(AP, 10/28/05)
1971-1988 Peter Bronfman (1929-1996) and his brother
Edward Bronfman co-owned the Montreal Canadiens hockey team. Their
uncle, Samuel, was the founder of the liquor company, Seagram Co. Ltd.
The brothers acquired holdings in Brascan Ltd., a property mgmt.
company, Noranda Inc., a natural resource company, and John Labatt
Ltd., one of Canada’s 2 biggest brewers.
(SFC, 12/3/96, p.D2)
1971-1991 Derek Bok ran Harvard Univ. In 2006 he
returned as interim president following the resignation of Larry
Summers.
(Econ, 2/25/06, p.37)
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