Timeline 1990 Undated Items
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1990 Magdalena
Abakanowicz (b.1930), Polish sculptor, made her work "Bronze Crowd."
(SFC, 10/26/96, p.B1)(www.abakanowicz.art.pl/)
1990 Jasper Johns painter "Green
Angel," encaustic and sand on canvas.
(SFC, 10/29/96, p.F1)
1990 Roy Lichtenstein created his
"Reflections on Senorita."
(WSJ, 8/27/98, p.A12)
1990 Robert Rauschenberg created
his piece "A Doodle."
(WSJ, 9/25/97, p.A20)
1990 The painting "Au Moulin de la
Galette" by Pierre August Renoir sold at auction for $78.1 mil.
(WSJ, 5/16/95, p. A-16)
1990 John Guare wrote his play
"Six Degrees of Separation."
(SFEC, 5/30/99, DB p.37)
1990 The book "The Plains of
Passion" by Jean Auel (b.1936) was the best-selling fiction work of the
year.
(WSJ, 5/24/99,
p.R4)(www.geocities.com/auelpage/auel.html)
1990 Artyom Borovik authored “The
Hidden War,” an account of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.
(WSJ, 7/5/08, p.W8)
1990 Robert Bly published "Iron
John," an examination of male cultural passage through myth.
(USAT, 6/28/96, p.6D)
1990 Bryan Burrough and John
Helyar authored “Barbarians at the Gate: The Fall of RJR Nabisco,” the
story of Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co.’s $25 billion takeover of
Nabisco in 1988.
(WSJ, 1/20/07, p.P10)
1990 Ron Chernow wrote "The House
of Morgan, " a biography of the banker.
(WSJ, 8/8/97, p.A11)
1990 Kenneth C. Davis published
"Don't Know Much About History."
(SFEC, 1/10/99, BR p.9)
1990 Wayne Dynes edited "An
Encyclopedia of Homosexuality."
(SFC, 2/27/98, p.A3)
1990 Bret Easton Ellis (26)
authored his novel "American Psycho." It was about a wall street trader
who moonlights as a serial killer. In 2000 the film version made its
premier.
(SFC, 4/12/00, p.E1)
1990 Sir Vivian Fuchs published
his autobiography "A Time to Speak." Fuchs had led an expedition across
Antarctica in 1958.
(SFC, 11/13/99, p.A22)
1990 Maurice Graham (1917-2006)
authored “Tales of the Iron Road: My Life As King of the Hobos.”
(SFC, 11/22/06, p.B7)
1990 Col. David H. Hackworth
(1931-2005), Vietnam war veteran, authored “About Face: The Odyssey of
an American Warrior.”
(SFC, 5/7/05, p.B5)
1990 Dorothy Ray Healey
(1915-2006) and historian Maurice Isserman co-wrote “Dorothy Healey
Remembers: A Life in the American Communist Party.”
(SFC, 8/14/06, p.B8)
1990 Charles Kuralt (1934-1997)
wrote "A Life on the Road" and it became a No.1 nonfiction bestseller.
(SFC, 7/5/97, p.A5)
1990 Richard Milner,
anthropologist, authored "Encyclopedia of Evolution." Milner later
developed the one-man musical show: "Darwin: Live & in Concert."
(WSJ, 5/8/02, p.AD9)
1990 Ray Monk wrote his biography
of "Ludwig Wittgenstein."
(WSJ, 9/27/96, p.A16)
1990 Roger Morris wrote the
biography: "Richard Milhaus Nixon."
(SFEC, 2/23/97, BR p.3)
1990 Hallie Crawford Stillwell
(d.1997 at 99), a Big Bend Texas pioneer, wrote her autobiography. A
sequel was to be completed by her great niece.
(SFC, 8/21/97, p.C4)
1990 Adam Kufeld published "El
Salvador." He had made 8 trips to the country as a photographer between
1985-1989.
(SFEM,11/16/97, p.28)
1990 James P. Womack and Daniel T.
Jones wrote "The Machine That Changed the World, a study of Toyota
Motor Corp.’s manufacturing methods."
(WSJ, 11/1/96, p.A11)
1990 "The Romance of the Three
Kingdoms," a 16th century fictional account of the wars of the three
rival kingdoms in China, was published in paperback.
(NH, 7/96, p.58)
1990 Charles Johnson wrote his
novel "Middle Passage," which won a National Book Award.
(SFEC, 4/19/98, BR p.1)
1990 Peter Matthiessen published
his novel "Killing Mr. Watson." It became the first of a trilogy about
a Florida homesteader, who murdered some 5 dozen people over his
lifetime.
(SFEC,12/797, p.B11)
1990 James Michener wrote his
novel "Pilgrimage" and "The Eagle and the Raven."
(SFC,10/17/97, p.A17)
1990 Julia Phillips (d.2001 at
57), movie producer, authored ""You’ll Never Eat Lunch in This Town
Again," an insider chronicle of Hollywood’s top echelons.
(SFC, 1/3/02, p.A16)
1990 Thomas Pynchon (b.1937) wrote
his novel "Vineland."
(SFEC, 4/27/97, BR
p.1)(www.pynchon.pomona.edu/bio/facts.html)
1990 John O’Brien (d.1994)
published his novel "Leaving Las Vegas." It was made into a 1995 film
and was the semi-autobiographical account about an alcoholic who goes
to Las Vegas to drink himself to death.
(SFC, 8/20/98, p.B4)
1990 Ronald Reagan published his
memoir “An American Life.”
(SSFC, 6/6/04, A18)
1990 George Will, political
columnist, authored "Men at Work: The Craft of Baseball." He told of
how the game was played through extended portraits of manager Tony La
Russa, pitcher Orel Hershiser, hitter Tony Gwynn and fielder Cal Ripken
Jr.
(WSJ, 5/21/03, p.D10)
1990 Edward O. Wilson (b.1929)
published his Pulitzer prize book: "The Ants," written with Bert
Holldobler.
(WSJ, 3/30/98, p.A16)
1990 David Hare wrote his play
"Racing Demon." It was one of three panels about distressed English
institutions, i.e. religion, courts and politics. The other two plays
were "Murdering Judges" and "Absence of War."
(SFC, 10/23/96, p.E3)
1990 Seamus Heaney (b.1939), Nobel
Prize winning poet (1995), wrote the play "The Cure at Troy" based on
Sophocles’ play "Philoctetes."
(WSJ, 12/3/97,
p.A20)(www.ibiblio.org/ipa/poems/heaney/biography.php)
1990 The magazine "Encounter,"
edited by Melvin Lasky, closed.
(WSJ, 4/6/01, p.W19)
1990 The Ritz Theater on Broadway
was restored and renamed the Walter Kerr Theater.
(SFC, 10/10/96, p.C6)
1990 At the Academy Awards
"Driving Miss Daisy" won for best picture and Jessica Tandy won as best
actress for her role. Daniel Day-Lewis won for best actor in the film
"My Left Foot."
(SFC, 12/22/99, p.C8)
1990 Gross film revenues for the
year were $5,021 million with 1,188 million admissions and average
ticket price of $4.23.
(WSJ, 4/24/95, p.R-5)
1990 The Comedy TV Network was
formed with the merger of HBO’s Comedy Channel and MTV Network’s Ha! It
was soon renamed Comedy Central.
(SFC, 4/10/01, p.E1)
1990 The TV show Newhart ended its
run in May.
(SFEC, 4/19/98, DB p.38)
1990 The Children’s Television Act
forced networks to broadcast 3 hours of educational TV per week.
(NW, 11/11/02, p.57)
1990 The tone poem "The Confession
of Isobel Gowdie" was written by Scottish composer James MacMillan. In
1996 his first full length opera, Ines de Castro, premiered at the
Edinburgh Int’l. Festival. It was based on a play by dramatist John
Clifford, who in turn drew on the baroque play by Portuguese poet
Antonio de Ferreira.
(WSJ, 8/28/96, p.A10)
1990 The English National Opera
premiered the 1976 2-act opera "Clarissa" by Robin Holloway. It was
based on a 1748 novel by Samuel Richardson.
(SFEC, 12/6/98, DB p.35)
1980 The grunge rock group Alice
in Chains produced their debut album "Facelift." One track was titled
"We Die Young." In 2002 Layne Staley (34), lead singer for Alice in
Chains, was found dead in Seattle with obvious signs of drug use.
(SSFC, 4/21/02, p.A28)
1990 The rock group Metallica
(f.1981) recorded their album "Metallica" and sold more than 16 million
copies worldwide.
(SFC, 7/7/96, DB
p.32)(www.metallica.com/timeline.asp)
1990 In Des Moines the 39-floor
SunAmerica Center was completed. The architects were Johnson Fein and
Pereira Assoc.
(WSJ, 1/3/97, p.B10)
1990 In Los Angeles the 44-story
801 Grand was completed. The architects were Helmuth, Obata &
Kassabaum.
(WSJ, 1/3/97, p.B10)
1990 In Las Vegas the Excalibur
Casino was completed.
(WSJ, 1/21/97, p.A18)
1990 In Yorba Linda, Ca., the
privately owned Nixon Library and Birthplace Center was opened. All of
Nixon’s original documents, however, were held by the National Archives
in Bethesda, Md. A 1997 proposal called for a payment of $26 million
and transfer of documents from the National Archives to the Yorba Linda
site.
(SFC, 4/5/97, p.A1,13)
1990 Pope John Paul II put forth
his encyclical "Redemptoris Missio," on Christian evangelization and
world religions.
(WSJ, 10/16/98, p.W13)
1990 Episcopal Bishop Walter
Righter of Iowa ordained Rev. Barry Stopfel, who publicly proclaimed
his long-term gay relationship with a lover. The Bishop was later
charged with heresy under a 1979 church resolution and then acquitted.
(SFC, 5/16/96, p.A-11)
1990 The Joshi computer virus
began forcing users of infected machines to type "Happy Birthday Joshi"
to recapture control of their machines.
(Sp., 5/96, p.70)
1990 The George Gustav Heye Center
was conjoined with the Smithsonian.
(Wired, Dec., '95, p.117)
1990 Survivors International was
founded in Albany, California. It was dedicated to providing medical
and psychological treatment to survivors of torture.
(SFC, 7/7/96, zone 1 p.5)
1990 Jack E. Counts Jr., an
Oklahoma City entrepreneur, founded Glamour Shots Licensing. The
business was based on the idea of photographing ordinary women in
dazzling garb and makeup.
(WSJ, 5/13/96, p.B-1)
1990 In Arkansas Heidi and Scott
Riddle established the nonprofit Riddle Elephant Breeding Farm and Wild
Life Sanctuary on 330 acres near Guy.
(SFC,11/17/97, p.A3)
1990 In San Francisco police
halted the Burning Man torching ceremony on Baker Beach. Larry Harvey
the founder of the event then hooked up with the SF Cacophony Society,
a gang of fun-loving provocateurs, and moved the fiery scene to Black
Rock Desert, Nv.
(SFC, 7/19/96, p.D1,12)
1990 The Atlanta-based
International Time Capsule Society was established at Oglethorpe Univ.
to promote the study of time capsules. It held a time capsule from 1940
called the "Crypt of Civilization" that was scheduled to be opened in
8113. www.oglethorpe.edu/itcs.
(SFEC, 1/2/00, p.D4)
1990 In Wisconsin the first
Weedstock Festival, a pro-marijuana event, was held.
(SFC, 5/27/97, p.A12)
1990 Bill McCartney, Univ. of
Colorado football coach, founded Promise Keepers, an all-male,
all-Christian organization to bring men to God, to make them better
husbands and fathers, and to further racial reconciliation. The first
meeting in Boulder gathered 72 men. Its first rally in 1991 attracted
4,200 participants and by 1996 had a $115 million annual budget. In
1997 the book "Who Are the Promise Keepers" by Ken Abraham was
published.
(SFC, 9/26/96, p.A21)(SFC, 8/11/97, p.D5)(SFC,
10/3/97, p.B7)
1990 The new Comiskey Park
ballfield opened in Chicago.
(SFEC, 3/16/97, p.B9)
1990 The Negro Leagues Baseball
Museum opened in Kansas City.
(SFEC, 4/12/98, p.T4)
1990 Bob Pereyra founded RAIL,
Roadracers Association for International Luge, and gave Street Luge a
boost.
(WSJ, 9/30/97,
p.A20)(www.hickoksports.com/history/streetluge.shtml)
1990 The Pritzker Int’l. Prize for
Architecture was awarded to Aldo Rossi (d.1997) of Italy. He had
designed the World Theater in Venice and the Museum of Maastricht in
the Netherlands.
(SFC, 9/5/97, p.A24)
1990 The World Food Prize was
endowed by Iowa businessman John Ruan in honor of Norman Borlaug,
father of the "Green Revolution."
(SFC, 10/15/97, p.A15)
1990 The United Nations
Association awarded Sally Lilienthal the Eleanor Roosevelt Humanitarian
Award.
(SFEC, 9/29/96, Z1 p.3)
1990 The Nobel Prize for economics
was awarded to Merton M. Miller (d.2000) of the Univ. of Chicago for
his work in the theory of financial economics. William F. Sharpe of
Stanford Univ. and Harry Markowitz were also winners. Harry Markowitz
won the Nobel Prize for his 1952 theory behind portfolio
diversification.
(WSJ, 10/11/95, p. A-1)(WSJ, 4/25/96, p.A-18)(WSJ,
10/21/96, p.A18)(SFC, 10/15/98, p.A2)(SFC, 6/5/00, p.A17)
1990 Octavio Paz of Mexico won the
Nobel Prize in literature.
(SFC, 4/20/98, p.A17)
1990 Richard Taylor of Stanford
won the Nobel Prize in Physics. He shared the prize with Prof. Henry W.
Kendall (d.1999 at 72) for experimental work that led to proof of the
existence of quarks.
(SFC, 10/10/96, p.A1)(SFC, 2/17/99, p.C3)
1990 The European Union created
the Aristeion (Greek for "the best") Prizes for literature.
(SFC, 9/24/96, p.E3)
1990 Lawrence G. Lawler (d.1997 at
56) was awarded the President’s Award for Outstanding Service to the
US. He was an FBI agent and helped create the National Crime
Information Center, a computer system that linked law enforcement
agencies.
(SFC, 3/26/97, p.C3)
1990 An int’l. agreement set
limits on human harvesting of krill at 9 million tons a year. By 1997,
the krill population were markedly depleted and new limits were
considered.
(SFC, 6/26/97, p.A3)
1990 US Pres. Bush signed a law
granting Filipino fighters of WW II US citizenship.
(SFEC,12/14/97, Z1 p.1,4)
1990 The US military budget was
about $350 billion a year. That's about $1400 per every man, woman and
child, or $5600 per 4 person family.
(NOHY, 3/1990, p.230)
1990 US CIA and military
strategist were sent to Colombia to enhance the efficiency and
effectiveness of the local military intelligence.
(SFC, 1/5/98, p.A14)
1990 The US House of
Representatives voted to cut aid to El Salvador by 50%.
(WSJ, 1/10/05, p.A10)
1990 The US government returned
the island of Kaho’olawe off Maui to the state of Hawaii. It had been
used for some 50 years as a bombing range.
(SFEC, 4/6/97, p.T5)
1990 The Financial Action Task
Force, a 26 nation organization to fight money laundering was
established.
(WP, 6/29/96, p.F3)
1990 The Goals 2000 educational
standards program was set up to ensure the production of US high school
graduates capable of competing with the Japanese.
(SFEC,12/28/97, BR p.8)
1990 Pres. Bush imposed sanctions
against Pakistan under the 1986 Pressler Amendment when he was unable
to certify that Pakistan did not have a nuclear bomb. This stopped the
sale of 28 F-16 airplanes to Pakistan for which $658 million was
already paid to General Dynamics. Pakistan had ordered and paid for 71
F-16 fighter bombers. $157 million was returned. In 1998 New Zealand
agreed to lease the planes for about $105 million and the money to be
paid to Pakistan.
(SFC, 5/9/97, p.E2)(SFC, 5/29/98, p.A15)(SFC,
12/3/98, p.A18)
1990 A US law was passed that
would require sanctions on certain countries engaged in missile trade.
(WSJ, 6/12/96, p.A4)
1990 The US Congress passed a law
that required airlines to reduce the number of noisy airplanes. The
noisiest Stage 2 planes were to be eliminated entirely by 2000. Stage 2
planes were replaced by quieter Stage 3 models.
(SFEC, 12/20/98, p.A36)
1990 The US Immigration Act of
this year allowed up to 10,000 foreign citizens to gain an "employment
creation" visa if they would put up $1 million in a job creating
enterprise.
(SFC,12/26/97, p.A8)
1990 The US government enacted the
Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act.
(SFC, 9/3/98, p.A10)(Arch, 11/04, p.4)
1990 The US passed a luxury tax
that hurt many companies and whole industries (e.g. yacht-building).
(WSJ, 4/8/96, p.A-16)
1990 The US Congress mandated that
oil companies put air-cleaning chemicals into gasoline to reduce carbon
monoxide and smog in the largest urban centers.
(SFC, 9/15/97, p.A1)
1990 The US Congress passed the
Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection, and Restoration Act of 1990
(CWPPRA).
(NH, 2/05, p.46)
1990 The US census categorized the
population as "White, Negro or Black, American Indian (tribe can be
listed), Eskimo, Aleut, Asian or Pacific Islander, and other. Specific
Asian nationalities could be checked off." The census counted over 1.6
million Chinese Americans with 40% of them in California.
(SFC,12/26/97, p.A21)(SFEC, 2/6/00, Rp.10)
1990 The US Justice Department
sued the Virginia Military Institute to allow young women entry into
the 1300-man institute. In 1996 the Supreme court upheld the suit.
(WSJ, 6/27/96, p.B7)
1990 Prof. Theodore Sarbin
(1911-2005) of UC Berkeley co-wrote the report “Gays in Uniform: The
Pentagon’s Secret Reports.” The report prompted Pres. Clinton’s policy
of “don’t ask, don’t tell.”
(SFC, 9/3/05, p.B4)
1990 The Mississippi Legislature
passed the Mississippi Gaming Control Act allowing casinos in counties
along the Mississippi River and the Gulf Coast.
(SFC, 9/6/05, p.A8)
1990 New Jersey enacted a gun
control law that listed 37 models by name and covered others that were
substantially identical. The US Supreme Court in 2001 refused to hear a
challenge.
(SFC, 11/27/01, p.A3)
1990 Michael Milken, chief of the
Los Angeles brokerage house Drexel Burnham Lambert, Inc., was convicted
on six felony counts connected to stock market fraud. At the time
he was making $500 million per year and in the 80's helped finance a $4
billion casino boom in Las Vegas. A chronicle of insider trading on
Wall Street is in James B. Steward's "Den of Thieves." Milken served 2
years in prison. He agreed to pay $600 million in fines and restitution.
(RNR, 7/19/95, p.9-10)(WSJ, 9/5/96, p.C1)(WSJ,
1/11/99, p.R42)
1990 Smoking was banned on US
domestic flights 6 hours or less.
(WSJ, 1/27/04, p.D12)
1990 In Washington DC the Rev.
George A. Stallings Jr. and his breakaway African-American Catholic
Congregation, which encouraged the ordination of women and the use of
birth control and abortion, were excommunicated for breaking ties with
the Vatican.
(AP, 5/5/06)
1990 In the US the ratio of
executive pay to that of the average worker rose to 107 to 1.
(Econ, 11/26/05, p.75)
1990 Some 610 hedge funds in the
US controlled about $39 billion in assets. By 2000 the number of hedge
funds increased to 3,873 with $490 billion in assets. Estimates in 2006
counted over 9,000 funds with $1.3 trillion in assets.
(Econ, 11/18/06, p.75)
1990 Leon Black founded Apollo
Management LP, a private equity firm. In 2007 it was valued at around
$15 billion.
(WSJ, 4/7/07, p.B1)
1990 A.W. Clausen, head of the
Bank of America, retired and was succeeded by Richard Rosenberg. He
proceeded to acquire banks in Oregon and Arizona.
(SFC, 4/14/98, p.B4)
1990 Harold "RED" Poling became
Ford’s chairman and CEO.
(WSJ, 6/19/96, Adv. Supl)
1990 Ford launched the Explorer,
which soon became the best-selling SUV in America. Sales peaked in 2000
at 445,000 units.
(WSJ, 12/22/08, p.B2)
1990 Joan Kroc (d.2003 at 75),
widow of Ray Kroc (founder of McDonald's Corp.), sold the San Diego
Padres to a group led by LA TV producer Tom Werner.
(SFC, 10/13/03, p.A19)
1990 McDonald’s switched to
vegetable oil and added beef flavoring to improve the
cholesterol-producing profile of its french fries.
(SFC, 9/4/02, p.A14)
1990 McDonnell Douglas Corp.
introduced the MD-11 jumbo jet.
(WSJ, 9/19/00, p.A1)
1990 The Uniroyal Goodrich Tire
Co. was acquired by Groupe Michelin of France.
(WSJ, 5/28/96, R45)
1990 The Southern Pacific Railroad
spun off its oil and gas exploration business to form Santa Fe Energy
Resources in Houston. Its 1995 revenues were $442 mil. Land holdings
were spun off to form Catellus, the San Francisco real estate
development company which owns about 855,000 acres, mostly in Ca.,
including the 313-acre Mission Bay in SF.
(SFC, 7/8/96, p.D1)
1990 MGM Studios was sold to
Giancarlo Parretti, Italian financier, for $1.3 billion with financing
by the French Credit Lyonnais bank. In 1996 he lost control on claims
of mismanagement and loan default and was convicted on charges of
perjury and evidence tampering.
(SFC, 1/4/97, p.A3)
1990 Proctor & Gamble bought
the Hawaiian Punch beverage business from Del Monte for $150 million.
(SFC, 3/1/97, p.B1)
1990 Time Warner bought Sunset
Magazine from Lane Publishing, co-owned by publisher and
conservationist Melvin B. Lane (1922-2007). His father had bought
Sunset, a tourist-oriented travel magazine, in 1928.
(SFC, 8/2/07, p.B5)
1990 Fore Systems Inc. of
Warrendale, Pa. introduced the first ATM (asynchronous transfer mode)
hardware for computer networks. It allowed data to be transferred at
2.5 billion bits per second. It was already being adopted by the phone
companies and cable-TV operators. It was founded by 4 teachers and
researchers and went public in 1994.
(WSJ,11/14/94, p.R27)(WSJ, 5/14/97, p.A1)
1990 The World Wide Web server
prototype was built. The Archie file transfer protocol was developed. A
semi-crawler search engine was built.
(SFC, 2/2/08, p.C1)
1990 Col Needham of Bristol,
England, founded IMDb, an Internet Movie Database, and sold it to
Amazon.com in 1998.
(SFC, 2/8/02, p.D18)
1990 Joseph Volpe took over as
head of the NYC Metropolitan Opera. He had come to the Met in 1963 as a
carpenter and high school graduate. In 2006 he authored “The Toughest
Show On Earth: My Rise and Reign At the Metropolitan Opera.”
(WSJ, 5/5/06, p.W8)
1990 Wells Fargo completed 4
acquisitions: Valley National Bank of Glendale, Central Pacific Corp.
of Bakersfield, Torrey Pines Group of Solana Beach, and Citizens
Holding in Orange County. An agreement was also reached to purchase 130
branches of Great American Bank.
(SFC, 6/9/98, p.A10)
1990 Toy company FAO Schwartz sold
out to Dutch Company Koninklijke Bijenkorf Beheer.
(WSJ, 11/21/03, p.B1)
1990 The NTT (New Technology
Telescope) in Chile, the pride of the European astronomical community
was inaugurated. Its mirrors span 3.5 meters and is the first telescope
built with active or computer assisted optics.
(NG, p.25-26,an, 94)
1990 Thomas Campana Jr.,
Chicago-area engineer, created a system to send e-mails between
computers and wireless devices. He founded a company called NTP that
filed suit in 2001 against Research In Motion (RIM), maker of the
BlackBerry wireless device.
(SFC, 12/1/05, p.C8)
1990 Prof. David Patterson began
writing about IRAM, intelligent random access memory, the possibility
of including memory into the design of microprocessors. He originated
the concept of RISC, reduced instruction set computing.
(WSJ, 8/28/98, p.B1)
1990 A digital method for
transmitting TV pictures was invented.
(WSJ, 4/10/00, p.B2)
1990 At the Mayo Clinic a lung
transplant program was begun.
(SFC, 7/5/96, PM, p.5)
1990 GHB, gamma hydroxy butyrate,
began to be reported as a cause of illnesses. The paint thinner gamma
butyl lactone was being mixed with water and alcohol that when ingested
metabolized to GHB, later called "liquid ecstasy" or "blue nitro."
(SFC, 1/14/99, p.A16)
1990 The Human Genome Project
began and planned to sequence all human DNA by 2005. The database did
not just store sequences, but linked them with citations to enable new
discoveries. James Watson served as its 1st head. His opposition to
gene patents helped force him from the position in 1992.
(Wired, 8/96, p.198)(SFEM, 7/30/00, p.10)
1990 The Cosmic Background
Explorer satellite (COBE) proved that cosmic radiation formed a perfect
"blackbody" spectrum, which was expected if the universe was once
jammed into a very dense state.
(WSJ, 6/28/01, p.A1)
1990 A school voucher program was
begun in Milwaukee. Low income families of several thousand students
used state-funded vouchers to send their children to private schools.
Results were being disputed in 1996.
(WSJ, 8/16/96, p.A6)(WSJ, 10/11/96, p.A1)
1990 Wendy Kopp founded Teach for
America, a non-profit organization that invited graduates from top
universities to spend the 1st 2 years of their careers teaching
children from low-income families.
(www.fastcompany.com/social/2007/profiles/profile38.html)(Econ, 8/1/09,
p.49)
1990 The US population was about
250 million people.
(NOHY, 3/1990, p.222)
1990 A study by the US National
Academy of Sciences indicated that shrimp fishing was responsible for
the death of some 50,000 sea turtles in US waters each year.
(SFC, 7/10/96, p.A2)
1990 The US Oil Pollution Act was
passed. It required new tankers sailing through US waters to have
double hulls and that old tankers be fitted with double hulls by 2015.
(SFC, 5/27/96, p.A11,15)
1990 A study by the US EPA found
that leaf-blowers were responsible for about 5% of the nation’s harmful
airborne pollutants.
(SFC, 8/5/05, p.B1)
1990 About 50 million tons of
artificial nitrogen fertilizers were being used on a global scale.
(NOHY, Weiner, 3/90, p.51)
1990 Richard and Rhoda Goldman, SF
philanthropists, founded the Goldman Prize to provide cash awards for
grass-roots environmentalist activity in 7 major geographic regions.
(SFC, 4/14/97, p.A1)(www.goldmanprize.org/)(SFC,
4/22/02, p.A3)
1990 The Intergovernmental Panel
on Climate Change (IPCC) issued its 1st report on global warming. Its
3rd report in 2001 noted that global temperatures could rise 2.5 to
10.4 degrees during the 21st century.
(NH, 4/1/04, p.61)
1990 John C. Sawhill (d.2000 at
63) took over as head of the Nature Conservancy. By 200 he raised the
membership from 519,000 to 1.1 million.
(SFC, 5/24/00, p.A28)
1990 Specific details on the
stockpile at the Oregon Umatilla Munitions depot was classified until
the early 1990s.
(SFEC, 4/27/97, p.A18)
1990 A US law allowed a
dolphin-safe label for cans of tuna not netted with dolphins. A 1997
amendment allowed the label for tuna harvested with encircling nets if
observers witnessed no dolphins harmed.
(SFEC, 4/23/00, p.C14)
1990 The killing and selling of
dolphins became illegal in Peru, and the market went underground.
(PacDis, Winter/’96, p.36)
1990 The shrinking Aral Sea
between Kazakstan and Uzbekistan split in two with a patch of desert in
between.
(SFC, 11/30/98, p.A11)
1990 A 50-foot female T. rex, 65
million years old, was discovered on a Cheyenne River Reservation in
South Dakota by Sue Hendrickson. The government seized the skeleton in
1992 and in 1997 it was put up for auction by Sotheby’s on behalf of
Maurice Williams, a Sioux Indian and owner of the ranch where it was
found. The proceeds will be held in trust by the government. Backers of
the Chicago Field Museum of Natural History paid $8.36 million.
(SFEC, 9/28/97, p.A13)(SFC,12/897, p.A3)
1990 The Pistol Star, located
between the Earth and center of the Milky Way, was first seen with
infrared equipment in 1990. It was measured to be 25,000 light-years
away with a radius of 93-140 million miles. It was estimated to have
formed 1-3 million years ago and shed much of its mass in violent
eruptions estimated to have occurred about 6,000 years ago.
(USAT, 10/8/97, p.3A)
1990 In California Danny Phat
Vong, a leader of the SF Chinatown youth gang Wah Ching, was slain. A
month later a retaliatory attack outside the Purple Onion in North
Beach wounded 6 and killed a member of the Wo Hop To triad, a Hong Kong
based crime syndicate.
(SFC, 1/7/97, p.A10)
1990 The Zodiac serial killer
began to strike in New York City.
(SFC, 6/20/96, p.C12)
1990 In Virginia Thomas H. Beavers
raped and suffocated a 61-year-old widow. He was executed in
Greensville in 1997 by lethal injection.
(SFC,12/15/97, p.B1)
1990 American innkeeper Michael
Devine was murdered in Guatemala. Allegations have been made that
Guatemalan colonel, Julio Roberto Alpirez on CIA payroll, was involved.
A review in 1996 showed that Alpirez was on the CIA payroll from
1988-1992 and that he was involved in the cover-up of the murder of
Devine and had participated in the interrogation and likely torture of
Efraim Bamaca, a captured Guatemalan guerrilla married to an American
lawyer.
(SFC, 5/4/96, p.A-6)(SFC, 5/7/96, p.A-10)
1990 In Gainesville, Fla., Danny
Rolling murdered 5 college students. He became known as the Gainesville
slasher and later collaborated with Sondra London, who wrote his
confessions, and sold his art and autographs. The money earned was
seized in 1997 when a Florida judge issued a ruling based on a state
law that barred convicted felons from profiting from their stories,
artwork and autographs.
(SFC, 1/2/98, p.A11)
1990 Rainaldo Arenas (b.1943), gay
writer, took his own life in the US after suffering from AIDS. He left
Cuba during the 1980 Mariel boatlift. His books included "Before Night
Falls" (1993) and "The Color of Summer" the 4th of 5 called the
"Pentagonia" a "secret history of Cuba." In 2000 the film version of
Before Night Falls was directed by Julian Schnabel.
(SFEC, 7/30/00, BR p.4)(SSFC, 12/17/00, DB p.49)
1990 Joan Brown, painter, died.
She taught at UC Berkeley from 1974-1990.
(SFEC, 9/20/98, DB p.31)
1990 Former showgirl Paulette
Goddard, born Marion Levy in 1911, died. She left $20 million to NYU, a
fortune from 4 previous marriages to Edgar James, lumber company owner,
Charlie Chaplin, author, Burgess Meredith, actor, and Erich Marie
Remarque, author.
(SFEM, 12/15/96, Par p.4)
1990 Armand Hammer (b.1898),
American businessman, died. The 1996 book: "Dossier: The Secret History
of Armand Hammer" by Edward Jay Epstein revealed that Armand was a
Soviet agent for much of his life.
(WSJ, 10/3/96, p.A12)
1990 Keith Haring (b.1958),
artist, died. He began as a graffiti scrawler.
(WSJ, 5/26/00, p.W14)
1990 Jay Lovestone, former US
Communist who turned anti-Communist, died at age 90. In 1999 Ted Morgan
published the Lovestone biography: "A Covert Life."
(WSJ, 5/19/99, p.A20)
1990 Lewis Mumford (1895-1990),
writer, died. He wrote over 30 books and a column for the New Yorker
that ran 63 years. He wrote in an angry allusive style and played the
role of prophet. His work included "The Culture of Cities."
(Wired, 8/96, p.168)(WSJ, 12/9/98, p.A20)
1990 Michael Oakeshott (b.1901),
London School of Economics prof. of political science, died. In 2004
Paul Franco authored “Michael Oakeshott: An Introduction.” Oakeshott’s
books included “On Human Conduct” (1975).
(Econ, 12/4/04, p.84)
1990 A.J.P. Taylor, English
historian, died. His book:: "From the Boer War to the Cold War: Essays
on twentieth Century Europe," was published in 1995 and Reviewed by Max
Boot.
(WSJ, 10/30/95, p.A-16)
1990 The Europe and North Africa
group formed. It gathered leaders from North Africa — Algeria, Tunisia,
Morocco, Mauritania and Libya — with leaders from France, Italy, Spain,
Portugal and Malta.
(AP, 12/6/03)
1990 Bangladesh authorities were
warned that arsenic was seeping from the subsoil into the water supply
through the cheap surface wells. The adjoining Indian Province of West
Bengal first noticed the problem. The wells were dug by UNICEF in an
effort to provide clean water.
(SFC, 7/30/97, p.A8)(WSJ, 6/24/05, p.W9)
1990 In Belize legislation was
drafted to privatize the ship-registry industry and the registration of
off-shore companies. The draft was made by lawyers of Mr. Ashcroft’s
BHI Corp., the largest company in Belize.
(WSJ, 9/19/96, p.A14)
1990 In Bosnia the Serb Democratic
Party was founded by Radovan Karadzic.
(SFC, 12/25/98, p.B8)
1990 In Brazil Maria das Gracas
Marcal, a 2nd generation scavenger, helped found the Street Scavengers
Association. It grew to become a model organization of uniformed
scavengers that collected 15% of the total waste of downtown Belo
Horizonte.
(SFC,11/17/97, p.A14)
1990 In Brazil Wagner Conhedo, a
trucking operator, obtained a $7 mil loan from Paulo Cesar Farias,
campaign finance chief of then Pres. Collor, to purchase the Vasp SA
airline. Orestes Quercia, governor of the state that privatized Vasp,
made agreements with Conhedo to ease a towering debt burden that later
cost the state millions of dollars when Conhedo fell behind in payments.
(WSJ, 7/1/96, p.A6)
1990 In Brazil Chico Mendes,
environmental activist and a leader of Amazon rubber tappers in the
state of Acre, was murdered. Darli Alves da Silva and his son, Darci,
were convicted in the murder case.
(SFC, 7/2/96, p.A12)
1990 In Cameroon multi-party
politics was allowed for the first time.
(Econ, 3/1/08, p.50)
1990 The Canadian Parliament began
tracking attendance.
(SFC, 3/25/98, p.C14)
1990 The first exchange traded
fund (ETF), an open ended mutual fund, was created by the Toronto Stock
Exchange.
(Econ, 4/21/07, p.83)(http://tinyurl.com/38dajn)
1990 China promulgated the Basic
Law, a mini-constitution for post-1997 Hong Kong.
(SFC, 7/1/97, p.A8)
1990 Shanghai, China, became an
autonomous municipality. Shanghai Center, a joint venture city within a
city, opened.
(Hem., 2/97, p.72)(SFCM, 3/20/05, p.28)
1990 The Chinese census counted
1,133,680,000 people.
(SFC, 10/14/00, p.A12)
1990 China consumed 2.4 million
barrels of oil per day leaving 400,000 barrels per day of domestic
production for export. By 2008 consumption rose to over 7 million
barrels per day with about half of that coming from imports.
(Econ, 3/15/08, SR p.8)
1990 The super bull Rombi was lent
by a German cattle institute to Bosnia and got stuck there throughout
the war, but survived.
(WSJ, 3/20/96, p.A-1)
1990 In Chile Gen’l. Pinochet sent
troops into the streets of Santiago as a warning to drop an official
investigation into his son’s business dealings.
(SFC, 12/9/96, p.A18)
1990 In Chile General Augusto
Pinochet gave up power after 16 years of rule. Patricio Aylwin was
elected president.
(SFC, 8/23/96, p.A20)(WSJ, 12/1/95, p.A-15)
1990 In Colombia an army offensive
routed the FARC from its rear-guard retreat in Uribe, but the rebels
regrouped and grew to 15,000 fighters.
(SFC, 1/8/99, p.A13)
1990 In Czechoslovakia Radomil
Hill, distiller, began brewing absinthe and selling it to bars in
Prague and elsewhere.
(WSJ, 12/24/96, p.A1)
1990 In Eritrea Massawa was
liberated from Ethiopian forces.
(SFC, 6/11/97, p.C2)
1990 The files of Stasi, the
East German state security police, were opened to the public. The East
German state security police had attempted to destroy all records but
shredding machines overheated and much evidence was torn up by hand. A
publicly funded project was begun to reconstruct the shredded evidence.
(WSJ, 12/27/96, p.A6)(WSJ, 2/4/97, p.A14)
1990 In Greece conservatives
returned to power and elected Constantine Karamanlis to the 5-year post
of president.
(SFC, 4/23/98, p.B4)
1990 In Haiti the first democratic
elections were held and won by Jean-Bertrand Aristide, a left-leaning
former Catholic priest.
(SFC, 3/9/99, p.A12)
1990 In Honduras some 2,000
members of 7 leftist clandestine organizations accepted and amnesty.
(SFEC, 3/7/99, p.A22)
1990 In India Prime Minister V.P.
Singh announced that the government would set aside 27% of public
sector jobs for the backward castes. This caused riots by the upper
castes and the toppling of his government.
(WSJ, 5/10/96, p.A-4)
1990 India enacted its Armed
Forces Special Powers Act which made civilian courts powerless to
initiate criminal prosecutions against security forces in disturbed
areas without federal permission.
(SSFC, 12/2/07, p.A24)
1990 The Bargi Dam along India’s
Narmada River was completed. Many uprooted families moved to the slums
of Jabalpur.
(SFC, 1/17/02, p.A9)
1990 In Iran the Fertility
Regulation Council was established.
(SFC, 5/15/98, p.D2)
1990 In Iraq Gen’l. Omar al-Hazza
was executed after becoming increasingly critical of Saddam Hussein.
(SFC, 1/31/97, p.A13)
1990 It was reported in 1998 that
evidence was found that Iraq put VX nerve gas into missile warheads
prior to the Gulf War.
(SFC, 6/23/98, p.A10)
1990 Iraq produced large amounts
of biological agents for weapons. In late 1990 Iraqi scientists tested
ricin as a biological weapon in an artillery shell.
(SFEC, 3/7/99, p.A18)(WSJ, 7/18/03, p.A1)
1990 In Israel Victor Ostrovsky, a
former agent of Mossad, published a book about the security agency.
(SFC, 2/25/98, p.A8)
1990 Israelis began investing in
Romania and by 2006 had put in as much as $2 billion, much of it routed
through 3rd countries in order to take advantage of tax deals.
(WSJ, 10/4/06, p.A1)
1990 In Italy the Leaning Tower of
Pisa was closed off to tourists for fear of its falling over. The tilt
was reduced by 16 inches over the next 11 years and re-opening was
scheduled in 2001.
(WSJ, 2/16/99, p.A1)(SFC, 4/7/01, p.A11)
1990 Shintaro Ishihara (b.1932), a
member of Japan’s House of Representatives, authored “The Japan That
Can Say No,” in which he outlines what Japan must do in order to be the
mainspring of the new world order.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shintaro_Ishihara)
1990 The film "Dreams" was
directed by Akira Kurosawa.
(SFC, 9/7/98, p.A21)
1990 Japan raised its interest
rates and ordered banks to curtail property lending. This resulted in a
major crash in land values. Speculation in domestic real estate,
stocks, overpriced overseas investments, and foreign pressure to force
the value of the yen upward causes a collapse of the "bubble economy."
(WSJ, 11/30/95, p.A-1)(Jap. Enc., BLDM, p. 217)
1990 Chiyo Uno (1897-1996) was
awarded a title by the emperor and named a "person of cultural merit."
Her best know book was "Ohan" (1957).
(SFC, 6/11/96,
p.A21)(http://asian-literature.suite101.com/article.cfm/uno_chiyo)
1990 The Sakura Bank was created
from the merger of Mitsui Bank and Taiyo Kobe Bank.
(WSJ, 10/15/99, p.A10)
1990 Fusako Sano (9) disappeared
while walking home in Sanjo in Niigita Prefecture. In 2000 she was
found held hostage at the home of Nobuyuki Sato (37), 35 miles away
from where she was kidnapped.
(SFC, 4/11/00, p.A12)
1990 In Lebanon Al-Manar was
founded to give voice to Hezbollah the Shiites. In 1997 Al-Manar
Television received a broadcasting license from the Lebanese
government. In 2004 the US designated it as a terrorist entity.
(WSJ, 7/28/06, p.A1)
1990 In Lesotho King Moshoeshoe II
was forced into exile after a series of 3 military coups ousted him
from the throne. His son Letsie assumed the throne.
(LVRJ, 11/1/97, p.14A)
1990 In Madagascar the Malagasy
government agreed to an environmental action plan that called for the
creation of national parks and protected areas.
(SFC, 6/23/96, Z1 p.5)
1990 Melchizedek was founded as a
Pacific island nation by Tzemech Ben David Netzer Koren of Belmont, Ca.
(SFC, 12/18/98, p.D2)
1990 Mexico created a National
Human Rights Commission.
(Econ, 2/16/08, p.44)
1990 Mexican physician Humberto
Alvarez Machain was abducted by operatives of the US government. He had
been indicted in LA for involvement in the 1985 kidnapping and murder
of US drug agent Enrique Camarena. Machain was later acquitted. In 2001
a US federal appeals court ruled that the abduction violated an int’l.
human rights law.
(SFC, 9/13/01, p.C2)
1990 In Mexico Telefonos de Mexico
(Telmex) was privatized.
(WSJ, 8/7/96, p.A10)
1990 Compartamos was established
in Mexico as a non-profit group to make small, uncollateralized
business loans to the poor (microcredit).
(Econ, 3/17/07, p.84)
1990 Manuel Moreno Rivas (b.1909),
founder of Sinaloa’s El Debate newspaper, sold it.
(www.mexidata.info/id312.html)
1990 Mexican businessman Carlos
Hank Rhon won a concession for an independent cellular license in
western Mexico. He paid $10 million for the right with BellSouth of
Atlanta as a partner.
(WSJ, 11/1/96, p.A6)
1990 In Mexico the Laguna Verde
nuclear power plant near Xalapa in Veracruz state opened under popular
protests. By 1997-1998 issues of corruption, mismanagement and
disregard for safety regulations plagued the plant.
(SFC, 1/12/98, p.A10)
1990 In Mongolia demonstrations
against Russian rule began. The Mongolian Communist soon voted to
dissolve itself.
(SFEM, 10/12/97, p.29)
1990 Elbegdorj Tsahkia became the
first democratic Prime Minister of Mongolia.
(www.intellectualconservative.com/article3341.html)
1990 Sam Nujoma became president
of Namibia.
(Econ, 11/20/04, p.50)
1990 In Nepal a parliamentary
democracy with 205 seats was adopted to replace the absolute monarchy.
A popular revolt led to the institution of a constitutional monarchy.
(WSJ, 5/3/99, p.A1)(SFC, 5/13/99, p.C2)(WSJ, 6/5/01,
p.A26)
1990 In Nicaragua Arnoldo Aleman
became mayor of Managua.
(SFC, 10/15/96, p.A1,12)
1990 Foreign development aid in
Niger was $270 million for the year.
(WSJ, 5/10/02, p.A5)
1990 Nigeria founded a drug agency
and was soon in scandal as the top people were found to be involved in
trafficking.
(Econ, 12/8/07, p.56)
1990 In Nigeria 109 children died
after taking paracetamol laced with a compound similar to diethylene
glycol and also used in engine coolants.
(AFP, 3/31/09)
1990 In Pakistan some 70 tons of
hashish was transported across the country by camel and loaded onto 2
freighters. 28 tons were loaded onto the freighter Saratoga Success,
which collided with another ship and after 2 typhoons ended up beached
in the Philippines. The freighter Lucky Star left Pakistan in 1991 with
the other 48 tons and stopped to pick up the 28 tons on the Saratoga.
The final destination was Vancouver, BC, but US federal agents
intercepted the $250 million shipment.
(SFC, 4/19/97, p.C1)
1990 In Papua New Guinea
businessmen and politicians journeyed into the Hunstein Forest to
collect the "x’s" of clansmen on a deal to sell their forest for
royalty payments. The government in Port Moresby, the capital, has
since suspended the deal.
(SFC, 5/29/96, p.A8)
1990 In Peru the MRTA assassinated
a former defense minister.
(SFC, 12/20/96, p.B4)
1990 In Peru 49 members of the
MRTA, including their leader Victor Polay, escaped from the Canto
Grande prison near Lima.
(SFC, 12/20/96, p.B4)
1990 By this year the Republic of
Congo was totally bankrupt. The French oil company Elf Aquitaine
dominated oil production. The country was Africa’s 4th largest producer
of crude oil.
(SFC,10/17/97, p.D8)
1990 Norwegian church groups
brought the government of Guatemala and rebels together for peace talks
in Oslo.
(SFC, 12/5/96, p.C1)
1990 Francis Ona declared
independence and himself president of what he called Meekamuii. Papua
New Guinea tightened its blockade.
(SFC, 12/29/01, p.A9)
1990 In Papua New Guinea soldiers
withdrew from Bougainville following a ceasefire with the Bougainville
Revolutionary Army (BRA).
(Econ, 2/9/08, p.48)
1990 Gorbachev struggled to hold
the USSR together.
(TMC, 1994, p.1990)
1990 The Soviets pulled out of the
Hradcany air force base north of Prague, Czechoslovakia, and left
behind some 6,500 tons of jet fuel soaked into nearly 15 acres of
foul-smelling land.
(WSJ, 4/5/96, p.B-3A)(Econ, 5/31/08, SR p.11)
1990 In Russia the Moscow Union of
Lesbians and Gays was founded.
(SFC, 6/23/96, BR, p.6)
1990 Mahele Lieko Bokoungo led
Zairian soldiers to back up the Hutu regime of Pres. Juvenal
Habyarimana of Rwanda.
(SFC, 12/20/96, p.B5)
1990 The Liberation Tigers of
Tamil Eelam evicted some 75,000 Muslims from northern Sri Lanka and
most fled to Puttalam. Muslims comprised some 8% of Sri Lanka’s 20
million people. In the east the rebels slaughtered up to 1,000 Muslims.
(Econ, 10/13/07, p.45)
1990 Islamist leader Hassan
al-Turabi invited Osma bin Laden to Sudan and provided him with a safe
haven from 1991 to 1996, when the Al-Qaeda chief was eventually
expelled under mounting international pressure on Khartoum.
(AFP, 4/23/06)
1990 In Switzerland legislation
was passed to punish bankers who knowingly accepted money that came
from a crime.
(WSJ, 7/3/96, p.A8)
1990 In Uganda Joseph Kony, a
faith healer, revived the Holy Spirit Movement and led his LRA rebels
in northern Uganda from training camps in southern Sudan.
(SFC, 3/5/96, p.A9)
1990 The Vatican issued a new
church law that required Catholic dioceses around the world to support
the Holy See.
(SFEM, 1/19/96, p.10)
1990-1991 Cheers was the top ranking network show on
television with a ranking of 21.6%.
(WSJ, 4/24/95, p.R-5)
1990-1991 The was an economic recession in the US
that was precipitated by tax hikes.
(WSJ, 7/31/96, p.A15)(WSJ, 5/11/99, p.A22)
1990-1991 Cuba was producing 90 million cigars
annually.
(SFC, 7/13/96, p.A9)
1990-1991 The Nung from Vietnam made their way to
Hong Kong as boat people.
(SFC, 6/18/97, p.A10)
1990-1992 In the US 834 banks failed during this
period.
(WSJ, 7/14/08, p.A1)
1990-1992 A study by the Univ. of Michigan showed 96%
of fifth graders in Japan had higher test scores in math than their
American counterparts. Students of Taiwan in the 11th grade outscored
American students by 86% and Japanese students scored 92% higher than
the American average.
(LSA, Spring 1995, p.27)
1990-1992 In Israel Ariel Sharon served as the
housing minister and presided over the settlement drive in the West
Bank and the Gaza Strip.
(SFC, 10/10/98, p.A8)
1990-1993 In Kenya’s "Goldenberg affair” millions of
dollars were paid for non-existent exports of gold and diamonds. Some
$600 million was secreted abroad and into the bank accounts of numerous
ministers and their friends. A firm called Goldenberg International
manipulated export compensation. A commission of inquiry from
2003-2005 presented its report to Pres. Kibaki in 2006.
(www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=32215)(Econ,
6/9/07, p.50)
1990-2009 In Kenya the forests shrank during this
period by a at least 60%.
(Econ, 8/29/09, p.22)
1990-1993 Rwandan President Juvenal Habyarimana, an
ethnic Hutu, requested French troops to help block an ethnic Tutsi
exile force that was penetrating the country from Uganda. French troops
were present over the next 3 1/2 years.
(WSJ, 1/24/97, p.A14)
1990-1994 In Honduras Rafael Callejas served as
president.
(SFC,11/26/97, p.C5)
1990-1996 In Nicaragua Sergio Palacios Cruz, aka
Charro, took up arms again citing threats from the Sandinistas as well
as unfilled government promises. He led a group of about 300 men in the
area around Wanawas and is viewed by some as a protector and by others
as a bandit and robber.
(SFC, 5/27/96, p.A6,7)
1990-1998 In Honduras death squads had killed 701
people over this period.
(SFC, 1/15/98, p.A12)
1990-1998 In South Africa in the Northern Province
some 577 killings were committed related to witchcraft.
(SFC, 10/23/98, p.D3)
1990-1999 In 2003 Joseph E. Stiglitz authored "The
Roaring Nineties: A New History of the World's Most Prosperous Decade."
(SSFC, 12/21/03, p.M5)
1990-1999 Pres. George Bush declared the 90s as "The
Decade of the Brain."
(SFEC, 2/9/97, Par p.20)
1990-2000 This was a period of economic stagnation in
Japan and later called "the lost decade." It resulted in the opening of
the Japanese economy to foreigners. In 2006 a trio of economists
authored a paper “Zombie lending and depressed re-structuring in
Japan,” which examined how subsidies to weak firms prolonged Japan’s
period of deflation.
(WSJ, 12/28/00, p.A1)(Econ, 4/8/06, p.62)
1990-2004 A 14-year civil war began in Liberia. 1.2
million people were forced flee their homes. 700,000 sought shelter in
Guinea, the Ivory Coast, Sierra Leone and other West African countries.
14 years of fighting left some 250,000 people dead.
(SFC, 10/4/99, p.A12)(Econ, 12/16/06, p.48)
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