New York City thru 1899
Return to home
The tri-state area around NYC was inhabited by the
Lanape Indians prior to the arrival of Europeans.
(WSJ, 12/3/98, p.A20)
1524 Apr 17, Giovanni da
Verrazano, Florentine navigator, reached present-day New York Harbor.
He explored from Cape Fear to Newfoundland and discovered New York Bay
and the Hudson River. He was later eaten by natives.
(TL-MB, p.12)(HN, 4/17/98)(SFEM, 11/15/98, p.26)(AP,
4/17/08)
1609 Sep 3-4, Henry Hudson
discovered the island of Manhattan. The exact date is not known.
(MC, 9/3/01)(www.hudsonriver.com)
1609 Sep 12, English
explorer Henry Hudson sailed his ship, the Half Moon, into the river
that later took his name. Hudson sailed for the Dutch East India
Company in search of the Northwest Passage, a water route linking the
Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
(AP, 9/12/97)(Econ, 7/4/09, p.28)
1609 Henry Hudson gave brandy to
the local Indians and their chief passed out. The place was renamed
"Manahachtanienk," meaning "where everybody got drunk." Authorities say
that "Manhattan" came form an Indian word meaning "high island."
(SFEC, 1/25/98, Z1 p.8)
1610 Jun 10, The 1st Dutch
settlers arrived from NJ to colonize Manhattan Island.
(MC, 6/10/02)
1626 May 4,
Dutch explorer Peter Minuit landed on what is now Manhattan island.
Peter Minuit became director-general of New Netherlands. Indians sold
Manhattan Island for $24 (1839 dollars) in cloth and buttons. The 1999
value would be $345. The site of the deal was later marked by Peter
Minuit Plaza at South Street and Whitehall Street.
(AP, 5/4/97)(HN, 5/4/98)(WSJ, 11/19/99, p.W10)(MC,
5/4/02)
1626 Nov 25, Peter Minuit,
director general of the Dutch West India Co., bought Manhattan Island
for about $24 in beads and other trinkets.
(WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R43)
1626 The first known African
slaves, 11 young men from the Congo River basin, appeared in New
Amsterdam.
(SFC, 2/7/00, p.A4)
1628 The Reformed Protestant Dutch
Church was established by settlers in New York. In 1867 it became the
Reformed Church of America.
(SFEC, 4/20/97, Par p.18)(SFC, 7/21/97, p.A11)
1630 Jul 12, New Amsterdam's
governor bought Gull Island from Indians for cargo and renamed it
Oyster Island. It later became Ellis Island.
(MC, 7/12/02)
1630 Staten Island was acquired by
Dutch settlers. [see 1659]
(WSJ, 11/19/99, p.W10)
1638 Aug 9, Jonas Bronck of
Holland became the 1st European settler in the Bronx.
(MC, 8/9/02)
1642 Feb 25, Dutch settlers
slaughtered lower Hudson Valley Indians in New Netherland, North
America, who sought refuge from Mohawk attackers.
(HN, 2/25/99)
1645 Aug 9, Settlers in New
Amsterdam gained peace with the Indians after conducting talks with the
Mohawks.
(HN, 8/9/98)
1647 May 11, Peter Stuyvesant (37)
arrived in New Amsterdam to become governor of New Netherland. The
one-legged professional soldier was sent from the Netherlands to head
the Dutch trading colony at the southern end of Manhattan Island.
Stuyvesant lost a leg in a minor skirmish in the Caribbean in 1644.
(ON, 4/00, p.1)(AH, 10/04, p.74)(AP, 5/11/08)
1647 Nov 10, The all Dutch-held
area of New York was returned to English control by the treaty of
Westminster.
(HN, 11/10/98)
1648 Oct 4, Peter Stuyvesant
established America's 1st volunteer firemen.
(MC, 10/4/01)
1650 Sep, Peter Stuyvesant
traveled from New Amsterdam to Hartford, Conn., to negotiate boundaries
for their colonies.
(ON, 4/00, p.1)
1652 Jun 27, New Amsterdam (now
NYC) passed the 1st speed limit law in US.
(MC, 6/27/02)
1653 Feb 2, New Amsterdam -- now
New York City -- was incorporated.
(AP, 2/2/97)
1653 Peter Stuyvesant, governor of
New Netherland, ordered a wall built to protect the Dutch
settlers from the Indians. The wall gave New York’s Wall Street its
name.
(WSJ, 10/9/97, p.A16)
1654 Aug 22, Jacob Barsimson, the
1st Jewish immigrant to US, arrived in New Amsterdam.
(MC, 8/22/02)
1655 Apr 26, Dutch West Indies Co.
denied Peter Stuyvesant's desire to exclude Jews from New Amsterdam.
(MC, 4/26/02)
1655 Peter Stuyvesant launched an
offensive against Swedish soldiers who had seized control of the fur
trade along the Delaware. In his absence Indians attacked New Amsterdam
and took dozens of hostages.
(ON, 4/00, p.2)
1655 The first slave auction was
held in New Amsterdam.
(SFC, 10/19/98, p.D3)
1656 Feb 22, New Amsterdam was
granted a Jewish burial site.
(MC, 2/22/02)
1656 Mar 13, Jews were denied the
right to build a synagogue in New Amsterdam.
(MC, 3/13/02)
1657 Jun 1, 1st Quakers arrived in
New Amsterdam (NY). (MC, 6/1/02)
1657 Settlers in Vlissingen (later
Flushing, Queens, NY) signed a declaration of religious freedom called
the Flushing Remonstrance.
(SSFC, 4/17/05, Par p.12)
1658 Aug 12, The 1st US police
corps formed in New Amsterdam.
(MC, 8/12/02)
1658 A night watchman kept a
lookout for Indian attacks.
(WSJ, 11/3/98, p.A20)
1659 Cornelius Meylin, patroon of
Staten Island, wrote in his recollections that Staten Island was
acquired in 1630 in exchange for "kittles, axes, Hoos, wampum, drilling
awles, Jews Harps and diverse small wares."
(WSJ, 11/19/99, p.W10)
1660 Oct 15, Asser Levy was
granted a butcher's license for kosher meat in New Amsterdam.
(MC, 10/15/01)
1662 John Bowne (34) was arrested
in Vlissingen (later Flushing, Queens, NY) on orders from Gov. Peter
Stuyvesant for aiding and abetting an “abomination” (Quakerism). In a
hearing 19 months later Bowne invoked a 1657 declaration of religious
freedom called the Flushing Remonstrance.
(SSFC, 4/17/05, Par p.12)
1664 Mar 22, Charles II gave large
tracks of land from west of the Connecticut River to the east of
Delaware Bay in North America to his brother James, the Duke of York
and Albany. The entire Hudson Valley and New Amsterdam was given to
James.
(AP, 3/22/99)(ON, 4/00, p.2)
1664 Jul 23, 4 British ships
arrived in Boston to drive the Dutch out of NY.
(MC, 7/23/02)
1664 Aug 28, Four English warships
under Colonel Richard Nicolls sailed into New Amsterdam. 450 English
soldiers disembarked and took control of Brooklyn, a village of mostly
English settlers.
(ON, 4/00, p.2)
1664 Sep 5, After days of
negotiation, the Dutch settlement of New Amsterdam surrendered to the
British, who would rename it New York. The citizens of New Amsterdam
petitioned Peter Stuyvesant to surrender to the English. The "Articles
of Capitulation" guaranteed free trade, religious liberty and a form of
local representation. In 2004 Russell Shorto authored "The Island At
the Center of the World," a history of New York's Dutch period.
(HN, 9/5/98)(ON, 4/00, p.3)(WSJ, 3/16/04, p.D6)
1664 Sep 8, The Dutch formally
surrendered New Amsterdam to 300 English soldiers. The British soon
renamed it New York.
(AP, 9/8/97)(ON, 4/00, p.3)
1665 Jun 12, England installed a
municipal government in New York, formerly the Dutch settlement of New
Amsterdam.
(AP, 6/12/97)
1667 Jun 21, The Peace of Breda
ended the Second Anglo-Dutch War (1664-67) and saw the Dutch cede New
Amsterdam [on Manhattan Island] to the English.
(WUD, 1994, p.961)(HN, 6/21/98)
1672 Peter Stuyvesant died on his
farm in NY. In 1959 Henry H. Kessler and Eugene Rachlis authored "Peter
Stuyvesant and his New York." In 1970 Adele de Leeuw authored "Peter
Stuyvesant."
(ON, 4/00, p.3)
1673 Aug 9, Dutch recapture NY
from English. It was regained by English in 1674.
(MC, 8/9/02)
1674 Feb 9, English reconquered NY
from Netherlands.
(MC, 2/9/02)
1674 Feb 19, Netherlands and
England signed the Peace of Westminster. NYC became English.
(MC, 2/19/02)
1674 Nov 10, Dutch formally ceded
New Netherlands (NY) to English. [see 1664]
(MC, 11/10/01)
1686 The NYC Charter of this year
incorporated the rights of the 1664 New Amsterdam "Articles of
Capitulation."
(WSJ, 3/16/04, p.D6)
1697 The British implemented a
policy of mortuary segregation for slaves and relegated their dead to a
5-6 acre plot at the marshy tip of Manhattan.
(SFC, 2/7/00, p.A4)
1699 A wooden wall on the northern
edge of New Amsterdam, built for protection from the Indians, was
destroyed by the British.
(WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R43)
1702 Lord Cornbury, Queen Anne's
cousin, was made governor of New York and gave Trinity Church
some land.
(SFEC, 1/10/99, p.A13)
1712 Apr 7, There was a slave
revolt in New York City. A slave insurrection in New York City was
suppressed by the militia and ended with the execution of 21 blacks.
[see Jul 4]
(HN, 4/7/97)(HNQ, 6/10/98)
1712 Jul 4, Twelve slaves were
executed for starting a slave uprising in New York that killed nine
whites. [see Apr 7]
(HN, 7/4/98)(PCh, 1992, p.278)
1714 Nov 11, A highway in Bronx
was laid out. It was later renamed East 233rd Street.
(MC, 11/11/01)
1725 Nov, William Bradford, an
English-born Quaker, established the New York Gazette. The site at 81
Pearl was later taken up by a Chinese restaurant.
(WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R43)
1730 Apr 9, The 1st Jewish
congregation in US formed the synagogue, "Sherith Israel, NYC."
(www.ou.org/orthodoxunion/unionstory/chapter1.htm)
1731 Aug 7, William Cosby arrived
in New York to assume his post as Governor for the New York Province.
(www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/zenger/zengeraccount.html)
1733 Nov 5, John Peter Zenger
(b.1697), German-born immigrant, published the 1st issue of the New
York Weekly Journal. Zenger, the partner of William Bradford, had left
the Gazette to form the rival New York Weekly Journal. Attorney James
Alexander hired Zenger in order to publish anonymously his criticism of
NY Governor William Cosby.
(WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R43)(ON, 11/04, p.9)
1734 Oct 22, NY Gov. William Cosby
ordered the hangman and whipper of NY to burn 4 back issues of the New
York Weekly Journal.
(ON, 11/04, p.9)
1734 Nov 17, John Zenger was
arrested for libel against NY colonial governor William Cosby. Zenger
was later acquitted.
(ON, 11/04, p.9)
1735 Aug 5, A NY jury acquitted
John Peter Zenger of the New York Weekly Journal of seditious libel.
(www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/zenger/zenger.html)
1736 Mar 10, NY colonial Gov.
William Cosby died. George Clarke became the new governor.
(ON, 11/04,
p.10)(www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/zenger/chronology.html)
1736 The 1st NYC almshouse was
built on the site later taken by City Hall.
(Arch, 7/02, p.)
1741 A slave revolt in New York
caused considerable property damage but left people unharmed. Rumors of
a conspiracy among slaves and poor whites in New York City to seize
control led to a panic that resulted in the conviction of 101 blacks,
the hanging of 18 blacks and four whites, the burning alive of 13
blacks and the banishment from the city of 70. In 2005 Anne Farrow,
Joel Lang and Jennifer Frank authored “Complicity: The North Promoted,
Prolonged and Profited from Slavery,” which included a chapter on the
1941 NYC slave revolt.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Conspiracy_of_1741)(SFC,
12/18/96, p.A25)(SSFC, 10/2/05, p.F3)
1744 The New York Gazette folded.
(WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R43)
1750 Mar 5, The 1st American
Shakespearean production, was an "altered" Richard III in NYC.
(MC, 3/5/02)
1751 Feb 25, The 1st performing
monkey exhibited in America was in NYC.
(MC, 2/25/02)
1754 Jan 4, Columbia University
was founded as Kings College in NYC. [see July 7]
(MC, 1/4/02)
1754 Jul 7, King's College in New
York City opened under a Royal Charter. 8 students and one professor
met in the vestry of Trinity Church. The school was renamed Columbia
College 30 years later. [see Jan 4]
(AP, 7/7/97)(WSJ, 10/15/03, p.A20)
1756 Mar 17, St. Patrick's Day was
1st celebrated in NYC at Crown & Thistle Tavern.
(MC, 3/17/02)
1762 Mar 17, 1st St Patrick's Day
parade was held in NYC.
(MC, 3/17/02)
1765 Oct 7, Delegates from nine of
the American colonies met in New York to discuss the Stamp Act Crisis
and colonial response to it. This "Stamp Act Congress" went on to draft
resolutions condemning the Stamp and Sugar Acts, trial without jury and
taxation without representation as contrary to their rights as
Englishmen.
(AP, 10/7/97)(HN, 10/7/98)
1765 Oct 19, The Stamp Act
Congress, meeting in New York, drew up a declaration of rights and
liberties.
(AP, 10/19/97)
1765-1915 In 2002 Michael Henry Adams authored
"Harlem Lost and Found "An Architectural and Social History: 1765-1915."
(SFC, 6/10/02, p.D5)
1766 St. Paul’s Chapel was built.
In 2001 it was Manhattan’s oldest church.
(WSJ, 9/14/01, p.W13)
1768 Apr 5, 1st US Chamber of
Commerce formed in NYC.
(MC, 4/5/02)
1768 Oct 30, 1st Methodist church
in US was initiated at Wesley Chapel, NYC.
(MC, 10/30/01)
1774 Apr, NYC patriots dumped 18
chests of tea off Murray’s Wharf.
(WSJ, 10/16/02, p.D8)
1774 Aug 6, Mother Ann Lee,
founder of the Shaker Movement, arrived in NY.
(MC, 8/6/02)
1774 Aug 28, Mother Elizabeth Ann
Seton, the first American-born saint and the founder of the Sisters of
St. Joseph, was born in New York City. She was canonized in 1975.
(AP, 8/28/97)(HN, 8/28/98)(RTH, 8/28/99)
1774-1781 The British army occupied Manhattan, Staten
Island and western Long Island for 7 years. In 2002 Richard M. Ketchum
authored "Divided Loyalties," an account of the Revolutionary spirit in
NY; Barnet Schecter authored "The Battle for New York," and Judith L.
Van Buskirk authored "Generous Enemies," an account of interactions
between loyalists and rebels during the war.
(WSJ, 10/16/02, p.D8)
1775 Jan 25, Americans dragged
cannon up hill to fight the British at Gun Hill Road, Bronx.
(MC, 1/25/02)
1776 Jul 10, The statue of King
George III was pulled down in New York City.
(HN, 7/10/98)
1776 Aug 29, General George
Washington retreated during the night from Long Island to New York City.
(HN, 8/29/98)
1776 Sep 6, The Turtle, the 1st
submarine invented by David Bushnell, attempted to secure a cask of
gunpowder to the HMS Eagle, flagship of the British fleet, in the Bay
of NY but got entangled with the Eagle’s rudder bar, lost ballast and
surfaced before the charge was planted. Sergeant Ezra Lee released the
bomb the next morning as a British barge approached. The British turned
back and the bomb soon exploded. A month later the turtle was lost
under British attack as it was being transported on a sailboat.
(SFEC,11/23/97, Par p.14)(Arch, 5/05, p.36)
1776 Sep 11, An American
delegation consisting of Benjamin Franklin, John Adams and Edward
Rutledge met with British Admiral Richard Lord Howe to discuss terms
upon which reconciliation between Britain and the colonies might be
based. The talks were unsuccessful. In 2003 Barnet Schecter authored
“The Battle for New York: The City at the Heart of the American
Revolution.”
(AH, 6/03,
p.61)(www.patriotresource.com/people/howe/page2.html)
1776 Sep 15, British forces
occupied New York City during the American Revolution. British forces
captured Kip's Bay, Manhattan, during the American Revolution.
(AP, 9/15/97)(HN, 9/15/99)
1776 Sep 20, American soldiers,
some of them members of Nathan Hale’s regiment, filtered into
British-held New York City and stashed resin soaked logs into numerous
buildings and a roaring inferno was started. A fourth of the city was
destroyed including Trinity Church. The events are documented in the
1997 book "Liberty by Thomas Fleming."
(SFEC,11/23/97, Par p.14)(WSJ, 9/14/01, p.W13)
1776 Sep 21, Nathan Hale was
arrested in NYC by the British for spying for American rebels.
(SFC, 9/20/03, p.A2)
1776 Sep 21, NYC burned down in
the Great Fire 5 days after British took over.
(MC, 9/21/01)
1776 Sep 22, American Captain
Nathan Hale was hanged as a spy with no trial by the British in New
York City during the Revolutionary War. He was considered as one of the
incendiaries of the burning of NYC. Hale was commissioned by
General George Washington to cross behind British lines on Long Island
and report on their activity. His last words are reputed to have been,
"I only regret that I have but one life to give for my country."
(AP, 9/22/97)(SFEC,11/23/97, Par p.14)(HN, 9/22/98)
1776 Oct 12, British Brigade began
guarding Throgs Necks Road in Bronx.
(MC, 10/12/01)
1776 Oct 18, In a NY bar decorated
with bird tail, a customer ordered a "cocktail."
(MC, 10/18/01)
1776 Oct 18, At the Battle of
Pelham Col. John Glover and the Marblehead regiment collided with
British Forces in the Bronx.
(MC, 10/18/01)
1776 Nov 16, British troops
captured Fort Washington on the north end of Manhattan during the
American Revolution.
(AP, 11/1697)(MC, 11/16/01)
1776 A New York tavern keeper
mixed a rum and "cocktail." The name was derived from rooster feathers
used as ornaments for glasses.
(WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R34)
1777 May 12, The 1st ice cream
advertisement appeared in the Philip Lenzi NY Gazette.
(MC, 5/12/02)
1778 Aug 31, British killed 17
Stockbridge Indians in Bronx during Revolution.
(MC, 8/31/01)
1778 Benjamin Tallmadge, under
orders from George Washington, organized a spy network in NYC, the
heart of the British forces. The code name for the group was Samuel
Culper and it became known as the Culper Gang.
(MT, Fall/99, p.6)
1778 Robert Edwards, a Welsh
buccaneer, or his son supposedly leased 77 acres of prime land to
Trinity Church on a 99-year lease. The land later included what became
Wall street. The land was supposed to revert to his descendants but
that didn't happen. The case was to go to court in 1999.
(SFEC, 1/10/99, p.A13)
1789 U.S. President. Washington
stayed at 3 Cherry Street in New York while the national capital was
there.
(HNQ, 10/28/00)
1783 Apr 3, Washington Irving
(d.Nov 28, 1859), essayist, author, historian, biographer,
attorney/lawyer, American writer (Legend of Sleepy Hollow & Rip Van
Winkle), was born in New York City.
(DTnet, 11/28/97)(HN, 4/3/98)
1783 Jun 1, Last British troops
sailed from New York. (MC, 6/1/02)
1783 Dec 4, Gen. George
Washington said farewell to his officers at Fraunces Tavern in NYC. In
2003 Stanley Weintraub authored "General Washington's Christmas
Farewell."
(AP, 12/4/97)(SFEC, 6/21/98, p.T4)(WSJ, 12/10/03,
p.D8)
1785 Jan 11, Continental Congress
convened in NYC.
(MC, 1/11/02)
1787 Oct 27, The first of the
Federalist Papers, a series of 77 essays calling for ratification of
the U.S. Constitution, was published in a New York newspaper. The
essays by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Jay were written
under the pseudonym “Publius” and later published as "The Federalist
Papers."
(AP, 10/27/97)(WSJ, 11/19/98, p.A1)(WSJ, 12/29/07,
p.A8)
1787 Erasmus Hall School opened in
NYC.
(SFC, 1/21/02, p.A21)
1788 Mar 7, Alexander Hamilton
published his Federalist Paper 65 in the New York Packet. It discussed
the subject of impeachment.
(USAT, 9/14/98, p.4A)
1788 Sep 13, The Congress of
the Confederation authorized the first national election, and declared
New York City the temporary national capital. The Constitutional
Convention authorized the first federal election resolving that
electors (electoral college) in all the states will be appointed on
January 7, 1789. The Convention decreed that the first federal election
would be held on the first Wednesday in February of the following year.
(AP, 9/13/97)(HN, 9/13/00)
1789 Feb 4, Electors
unanimously chose George Washington to be the first president of
the United States and John Adams as vice-president. The results of the
balloting were not counted in the US Senate until two months later.
Washington accepted office at the Federal Building of New York. His
first cabinet included Thomas Jefferson, Alexander Hamilton as first
secretary of the Treasury, Henry Knox, and Edmund Randolph.
(A & IP, ESM, p.10)(WSJ, 3/12/97, p.A18)(AP,
2/4/07)
1789 Mar 4, The Constitution of
the United States, framed in 1787, went into effect as the first
Federal Congress met in New York City. Lawmakers then adjourned for the
lack of a quorum (9 senators, 13 representatives). In 2006 Robert V.
Remini, historian of the US House of Representatives, authored “The
House.”
(WUD, 1994, p.314)(AP, 3/4/98)(HN, 3/4/98)(SC,
3/4/02)
1789 Apr 1, The U.S. House of
Representatives held its first full meeting, in New York City.
Frederick Muhlenberg of Pennsylvania was elected the first House
Speaker.
(AP, 4/1/98)
1789 Apr 6, The first US Congress
began regular sessions at Federal Hall on Wall Street, NYC.
(HN, 4/6/98)(MC, 4/6/02)
1789 Apr 23, President-elect
Washington and his wife moved into the first executive mansion, the
Franklin House, in New York. George Washington was inaugurated at
Federal Hall and lived at 3 Cherry Street in New York City. In 1790,
with construction on the new federal capital underway, the government
was moved temporarily to Philadelphia, where Washington served out his
two terms. He is the only president who never resided in the White
House.
(AP, 4/23/97)(HNPD, 12/22/98)
1789 Apr 30, George Washington was
inaugurated and took office in New York as the first president of the
United States. He took his oath of office on the balcony of Federal
Hall on Wall Street and spoke the words “So help me God,” which all
future US presidents have repeated. The oath as prescribed by the
Constitution makes no mention of God of the Bible.
(AP, 4/30/97)(HN, 4/30/98)(SSFC, 1/18/09, p.W4)(AH,
4/07, p.31)
1789 Sep 2, The Treasury
Department, headed by Alexander Hamilton, was created in New York City
and housed in Fraunces Tavern at 54 Pearl St.
(AP, 9/2/97)(HN, 9/2/98)(WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R43)
1789 Sep 13, Start of the US
National Debt as the government took out its first loan, borrowed from
the Bank of North America (NYC) at 6 percent interest.
(MC, 9/13/01)
1790 Feb 1, The US Supreme Court
convened for 1st time in Royal Exchange Building, New York City, the
nations temporary capital.
(www.supremecourthistory.org)
1790 Aug 2, The enumeration for
the first US census began. It showed that 3,929,326 people were living
in the US of which 697,681 were slaves, and that the largest cities
were New York City with 33,000 inhabitants; Philadelphia, with 28,000;
Boston, with 18,000; Charleston, South Carolina, with 16,000; and
Baltimore, with 13,000. Census records for Delaware, Georgia, New
Jersey, and Virginia were lost sometime between 1790 and 1830.
(AP,
8/2/06)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1790_United_States_Census)
1790 Dec 6, Congress moved from
New York City to Philadelphia.
(AP, 12/6/97)
1791 Dec 17, NYC traffic
regulation created the 1st 1-way street.
(MC, 12/17/01)
1792 May 17, Stock traders signed
the Buttonwood Agreement in New York City at the Tontine Coffee House
Company near a Buttonwood tree, where business had been transacted in
the past. 24 merchants formed their exchange at Wall and Water Streets
where they fixed rates on commissions on stocks and bonds. This later
developed into the New York Stock Exchange. A market crash and almost
total halt in credit, trading and liquidity prompted the Buttonwood
Agreement under the influence of Alexander Hamilton. The organization
drafted its constitution on March 8th, 1817, and named itself the "New
York Stock & Exchange Board."
(WSJ, 3/24/97, p.A19)(HN,
5/17/98)(www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/crash/timeline/)
1797 Jan 1, Albany became the
capital of New York state, replacing New York City.
(AP, 1/1/98)
1799 Sep 1, Bank of Manhattan
Company opened in NYC. It was the forerunner to Chase Manhattan.
(MC, 9/1/02)
1800 Sep 7, The NYC Zion AME
Church was dedicated.
(MC, 9/7/01)
1800s The new York Times
established a charity called the New York Times’ 100 Neediest Cases
Fund.
(SFC,12/11/97, p.A23)
1801 Nov 16, The 1st edition of
New York Evening Post was published. Alexander Hamilton helped found
the paper and served as editor.
(WSJ, 12/3/01,
p.A17)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Post)
1803 The industrial district
surrounded the Collect Pond. It got so polluted that the Common Council
called for it to be filled and the process was begun in this year.
(AM, Mar/Apr 97 p.47)
1806 A catalog of the plants at
Elgin Botanical Garden was published. This was the first botanical
garden in NYC and was located at what later became Rockefeller Center.
(WSJ, 7/7/98, p.A14)
1806 NYC Mayor DeWitt Clinton,
having read the work of Englishman Joseph Lancaster, formed the New
York Free School Society to found Lancastrian schools.
(ON, 3/06, p.10)
1810 Ephraim Basher (b.1744), NYC
silversmith, died. He marked his pieces “EB” inside a square or an oval.
(SFC, 1/30/08, p.G4)
1811 Oct 11, The first
steam-powered ferryboat, the Juliana, was put into operation between
New York City and Hoboken, N.J.
(AP, 10/11/97)
1811-1887 Thomas Brooks, a New York City craftsman.
He made Victorian furniture in the Renaissance Revival and Rococo
Revival styles. His firm Thomas Brooks & Co. existed from 1856-1876.
(SFC, 6/30/99, Z1 p.7)
1812 The small Bank of America was
founded in NYC.
(SFC, 4/14/98, p.B1)
1813 Oct 29, The Demologos, the
first steam-powered warship, was launched in New York City.
(HN, 10/29/98)
1815 Nov 15, John Banvard, painter
of the world’s largest painting (3 mile canvas), was born in NYC.
(MC, 11/15/01)
1817 The New York Stock and
Exchange Board (NYSE) was formalized and established its first quarters
in a rented room at 40 Wall St.
(SFC, 4/23/98, p.D2)(WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R43)
1818 Feb 7, The first successful
U.S. educational magazine, Academician, began publication in New York
City.
(HN, 2/7/99)
1818 Henry Sands Brooks began H.
& D.H. Brooks & Co. in mostly rural Manhattan. It became a key
military supplier during the Civil War. A 2nd store opened in 1928 and
operations grew to the well known chain known as Brooks Brothers.
(WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R40)(SFC, 6/29/01, p.A8)(NW,
9/1/03, p.64)
1819 May 21, The 1st bicycles
(swift walkers) in US were introduced in NYC.
(MC, 5/21/02)
1819 Aug 2, The first parachute
jump from a balloon was made by Charles Guille in New York City.
(HN, 8/2/01)
1821 Feb 12, The Mercantile
Library of City of NY opened.
(MC, 2/12/02)
1821 Feb 21, Charles Scribner, was
born. He founded the New York Publishing firm which became Charles
Scribner's Sons and also founded Scribner's magazine.
(HN, 2/21/99)
1821 Mar 14, African Methodist
Episcopal Zion Church founded in NY.
(MC, 3/14/02)
1821 Jun 21, African Methodist
Episcopal Zion (AMEZ) Church was organized in NYC as a national body.
[see Mar 14]
(MC, 6/21/02)
1823 Apr 3, William Macy "Boss"
Tweed, New York City political boss, was born.
(HN, 4/3/98)
1824 Nov 16, NY City's Fifth
Avenue opened for business.
(MC, 11/16/01)
1825 Mar 2, The 1st grand opera in
US sung in English was in NYC.
(SC, 3/2/02)
1825 Nov 29, 1st Italian opera in
US, "Barber of Seville," premiered in NYC and was welcomed by the
legendary librettist for Mozart (and friend of Casanova), Lorenzo
DaPonte, who was Professor of Italian at King's (later Columbia)
College.
(MC, 11/29/01)
1825 Mordecai Noah attempted to
establish a Jewish state called Grand Island near Buffalo. No one came
to the grand opening ceremony. At this time there were about 1000 Jews
living in Manhattan.
(SFC, 5/20/99, p.E1,8)
1825-1861 In 2001 Catherine Voorsanger (d.2002 at 51)
edited "Art and the Empire City: New York, 1825-1861" to accompany a
show by the same name.
(SFC, 1/4/02, p.A27)
1826-1833 The Hawk and Buzzard newspaper subsisted
largely on gossip.
(SFEM, 11/8/98, p.12)
1827 Feb 7, Ballet (Deserter) was
introduced to US at Bowery Theater in NYC.
(MC, 2/7/02)
1827 The first edition of New
York's Freedom's Journal was published by John Russworm and Samuel
Cornish.
(SFEC, 1/31/99, DB p.28)
1829 Utopian reformers opened the
Hall of Science in a disused downtown Manhattan church, across the
street from Tract House, the headquarters of a new Christian
evangelical movement.
(SSFC, 9/8/02, p.M2)
1829-1833 Walter Bowne served as mayor of NYC.
(SSFC, 4/17/05, Par p.12)
1830 Sep 9 Charles Durant flew a
balloon from New York City across the Hudson River to Perth Amboy, N.J.
(AP, 9/9/05)
1831 Mar 19, The first recorded US
bank robbery occurred at the City Bank, in New York. Some $245,000 is
stolen.
(HN, 3/19/98)
1831 Jul 4, James Monroe, 5th
President of the United States, died in New York City at age 73, making
him the third ex-President to die on Independence Day.
(AP, 7/4/97)(HN, 7/4/98)(IB, Internet, 12/7/98)
1832 Nov 14, The first streetcar
-- a horse-drawn vehicle called the John Mason -- went into operation
in New York City.
(AP, 11/14/97)
1832 Nov 26, Public streetcar
service began in New York City. The fare: 12 1/2 cents.
(AP, 11/26/97)
1833 Sep 3, The first successful
penny newspaper was published. Benjamin H. Day issued the first copy of
"The New York Sun". By 1826, circulation was the largest in the country
at 30,000. New York’s population was over 250,000, but its 11 daily
newspapers had a combined circulation of only 26,500.
(SFEM, 11/8/98,
p.12)(http://library.nyu.edu/research/news/historical/nyc.html)(WSJ,
11/7/08, p.A15)
1833 Sep 4, Barney Flaherty (10)
answered an ad in "The New York Sun" and became the first newsboy, what
we now call a paperboy.
(MC, 9/4/01)
1833 Oct 2, The NY Anti-Slavery
Society was organized.
(MC, 10/2/01)
1833 The NY Mechanics Institute
opened to encourage the mechanical arts.
(Panic, p.8)
1833 The McKesson Corp. began as a
drugstore in NYC.
(SFEC, 5/23/99, p.B1)
1834 Mar 22, Horace Greeley
published "New Yorker," a weekly literary and news magazine and
forerunner of Harold Ross' more successful "The New Yorker."
(HN, 3/22/01)
1834 Jun 2, The 5th national black
convention met in NYC.
(SC, 6/2/02)
1834 Nov 25, Delmonico's, one of
NY's finest restaurants, provided a meal of soup, steak, coffee &
half a pie for 12 cents.
(SFEC, 5/18/97, Z1 p.6)
1834 New York and New Jersey made
a compact over Ellis Island, then a 3-acre site that held that the
surrounding submerged land belonged to New Jersey. By 1998 the island
was 27.5 acres due to landfill and its ownership was under contention.
(SFC, 1/13/98, p.A2)
1834-1888 Currier and Ives lithographs were
manufactured in New York and formed a sweeping pictorial record of
mid-19th century America. When he first opened his shop, Nathaniel
Currier had just finished an apprenticeship in lithography, an
18th-century printing process involving making images from inked
stones. When an 1835 fire destroyed much of old New Amsterdam, Currier
rushed a lithograph of the disaster into print. Ruins of the Merchant's
Exchange, NY (shown above) sold briskly and launched Currier's career
in pictorial journalism. In 1852, Currier hired bookkeeper and
lithographer James Ives, making him a business partner in 1857.
Together the two men built Currier and Ives into the most successful
lithography house of their time and left a legacy of more than 7,000
prints that document the humor, political climate, current events and
sentiments of mid-19th-century American life.
(HNPD, 11/15/98)
1835 May 6, The 1st edition of NY
Herald was priced at 1 cent. The Herald specialized in crime with an
emphasis on murder. James Gordon Bennett was the Scottish-born steward
of the Herald. Within a few years of the 1936 Jewett murder case, a
coalition of clergymen, financiers and rival editors waged a "Moral
War" against Bennett and his newspaper
(SFEM, 11/8/98, p.12)(SFEM, 8/6/00, p.45)(MC, 5/6/02)
1835 Dec 16, A fire in New York
City destroyed property estimated to be worth $20,000,000. Beginning in
a store at Pearl and Merchant (Hanover) Streets, it lasted two days,
ravaged 17 blocks (52 acres), and destroyed 674 buildings including the
Stock Exchange, Merchants' Exchange, Post Office, and the South Dutch
Church. 13 acres were scorched. 23 of the city’s 26 fire-insurance
companies were forced into bankruptcy.
(HN, 12/16/98)(WSJ, 9/14/00, p.A24)(WSJ, 9/4/02,
p.B1)
1835 Oct 29, In NYC Tammany Hall
radicals lit candles with the new self-igniting friction matches, known
as loco-focos, and continued to nominate their own ticket and formulate
their program. The radical urban wing of the Democratic Party, which
emerged in New York in opposition to Andrew Jackson‘s banking policies,
thus became known by the nickname Loco-Focos. Also known as Equal
Rights men, the Loco-Focos fought those financial interests aided by
the regular Democratic Party in applying for bank and corporation
charters from the legislature. They also advocated hard money,
elections by direct popular vote, direct taxes, free trade, abolition
of monopolies and Jeffersonian strict construction. They got the name
Loco-Focos from an incident that occurred at a party primary meeting in
Tammany Hall. After party regulars pushed through a ticket over the
objections of the Equal Rights men, the radicals refused to vacate the
hall. To get them to leave, the party regulars turned out the gas
lights.
(HNQ, 12/17/99)
1835 The New York Sun hired
Richard Adams Locke, a Briton, as editor. He soon wrote an anonymous
series about a new telescope and observations of the moon that included
the mention of vast forests, fields of poppies and lunar animals.
Circulation soared to 19,360. In 840 he admitted to writing the moon
hoax series. In 2008 Matthew Goodman authored “the Sun and the Moon:
The Remarkable True Account of Hoaxers, Showmen, Dueling Journalists,
and Lunar Man-Bats in Nineteenth-Century New York.”
(WSJ, 11/7/08, p.A15)
1836 Apr 9-10, Helen Jewett, a
prostitute in a Thomas St. bordello in Manhattan, was murdered. Her
boyfriend, Richard P. Robinson (17), a clerk for a local merchant and
engaged to a woman of good pedigree, was tried for the murder but
acquitted. In 1998 Patricia Cline Cohen published "The Murder of Helen
Jewett," an account of the story.
(WSJ, 8/21/98, p.W6)(SFEM, 11/8/98, p.12)
1836 Jun, Richard P. Robinson was
found not guilty of the murder of Helen Jewett by a jury after 10
minutes of deliberation.
(SFEM, 11/8/98, p.12)
1837 Feb 13, There was a riot in
NY over the high price of flour.
(MC, 2/13/02)
1837 May 31, Astor Hotel opened in
NYC. It later became the Waldorf-Astoria. John Jacob Astor bought up
foreclosed properties during the financial bust. He later sold them for
a 10-fold profit.
(WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R43)(MC, 5/31/02)
1838 Apr 22, The English steamship
"Sirius" docked in NYC after a record Atlantic crossing.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Riband)
1838 Apr 23, The British steamship
"Great Western" arrived in NYC on its maiden voyage from Bristol,
England, just hours after the retrofitted steamship Sirius, which had
departed Cork on April 4. The Great Western crossed the Atlantic in a
record 15 days and 12 hours.
(ON, 8/07, p.7)
1838 Oct 24, Joseph Lancaster
(b.1778), English educator, was fatally injured by a runaway horsedrawn
carriage in NYC.
(http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/KRO_LAP/LANCASTER_JOSEPH_1778_1838_.html)
1841 Mar 27, The first U.S. steam
fire engine was tested in New York City.
(HN, 3/27/98)
1841 Apr 10, The NY Tribune began
publishing under editor Horace Greeley (1811-1872). The abolitionist
newspaper editor founded The New York Tribune with support from
powerful political friends. Under Greeley's direction, The Tribune took
a strong stand against slavery, the South and slave owners in the years
leading up to the Civil War. The Tribune and Greeley also crusaded
against liquor, gambling, prostitution and capital punishment. One of
the founders of the Republican Party, Greeley was also an eccentric who
dabbled in many of the fads of his day.
(HNPD, 2/3/99)(WSJ, 10/26/00, p.W12)(AP,
7/21/98)(MC, 4/10/02)
1841 Nov 16, Life preservers made
of cork were patented by Napoleon Guerin in NYC.
(MC, 11/16/01)
1841-1846 Capt. Robert E. Lee, Army engineer, worked
on strengthening the defenses of New York Harbor and Fort Hamilton.
(AH, 2/06, p.20)
1842 Feb 15, The 1st adhesive
postage stamps in US were made available by a private delivery company
in NYC.
(440 Int’l., 2/15/99)
1842 Charles Dickens published his
description of the Five Points district of New York City in "American
Notes for General Circulation."
(AM, Mar/Apr 97 p.46)
1842 Hugh Hardman established the
Hardman Piano Co. in NYC. Leopold Peck joined the company in 1880. The
company’s name changed to Hardman, Peck & Co. when Peck became a
partner in 1890.
(SFC, 9/5/07, p.G5)
1843 Oct 13, The Jewish
organization B'nai B'rith was founded in New York City.
(AP, 10/13/97)
1843 The population grew to
350,000 and 16 day policemen kept order.
(WSJ, 11/3/98, p.A20)
1844 Jun 26, Julia Gardiner and
President John Tyler were married in New York City.
(HN, 6/26/98)
1845 Jan 29, Edgar Allan Poe's
poem "The Raven" was first published, in the New York Evening Mirror.
[see 1846]
(AP, 1/29/98)
1845 Mar 26, Joseph Francis
patented a corrugated sheet-iron lifeboat in NYC.
(SS, 3/26/02)
1845 Jul 14, Fire in NYC destroyed
1,000 homes and killed many.
(MC, 7/14/02)
1845 A real police department was
established.
(WSJ, 11/3/98, p.A20)
1845-1855 Some 1.5 million people left Ireland and
many of them made New York City their home. The 2003 film "Gangs of New
York" depicted their struggle.
(AM, Mar/Apr 97 p.49)
1846 Jun 19, The New York
Knickerbocker Club played the New York Club in the first baseball game
at the Elysian Field, Hoboken, New Jersey.
(HN, 6/19/98)
1846 Jun 27, New York City and
Boston were linked by telegraph wires.
(AP, 6/27/07)
1846 Edgar Allan Poe published his
poem "The Raven" in a New York newspaper. [see Jan 29, 1845]
(SFEM, 1/25/98, p.67)
1846 Grace Church, at Broadway and
10th in NYC, was designed by James Renwick. In 2003 high maintenance
costs forced the church to accept commercial billboard advertising.
(WSJ, 9/12/03, p.W17)
1846 Holy Communion Episcopal
Church was constructed at 6th Ave and 20th St. It was designed by
Richard Upjohn of Boston and was the 1st asymmetrical Gothic church in
America. It was sold to a drug rehab center in the 1970s and later
became the Limelight dance club under Peter Gatien. In 2001 it was
closed by federal agents due to heavy drug use.
(WSJ, 3/22/02, p.W17)
1846 Trinity Church, a Gothic
Revival-style building, was constructed at Broadway and Wall St.
(SFEC, 6/21/98, p.T4)
1846 New York newspapers
collaborated to share costs for reporting on the Mexican war. This
collaboration led to the formation of the Associated Press in 1848.
(Econ, 12/19/09, p.143)
1846 Alexander Turney Stewart
(d.1876), Irish-born entrepreneur, opened the 1st US dept store in
lower Manhattan.
(www.lowermanhattan.info/history)
1846 NYC abandoned the Lancastrian
school system in favor of direct teacher to student instruction in its
tax supported schools.
(ON, 3/06, p.10)
1847 Nov 22, In New York, the
Astor Place Opera House, the city's first operatic theater, was opened.
(HN, 11/22/98)
1847 City College, later known as
City Univ. of New York (CUNY) was founded in Harlem.
(Econ, 1/21/06, p.29)
1848 May, The Associated Press was
formed in NYC.
(www.historybuff.com/library/refap.html)
1848 Jun 10, The 1st telegraph
link between NYC & Chicago was established.
(MC, 6/10/02)
1848 Aug 19, The New York Herald
reported the discovery of gold in California.
(AP, 8/19/97)
1848 In Brooklyn NY Antoine Zegera
set up the 1st macaroni factory in the US.
(SFC, 7/31/99, p.C3)
1848 John Jacob Astor (b.1763),
America’s richest man, died. The fur and real estate magnate had a
value in 1999 dollars totaled $78 billion. In 2001 Axel Madsen authored
"John Jacob Astor: America’s First Multimillionaire.
(HN, 7/17/98)(WSJ, 1/11/98, p.R18)(SFEC, 5/23/99,
Par p.7)(WSJ, 3/2/00, p.W10)
1849 Apr 10, Walter Hunt, a
mechanic, patented the safety pin in NYC. He sold rights for $100.
Hunt’s other inventions included a new stove, paper collar,
ice-breaking boat, fountain pen and nail-making machine.
(SFC, 7/14/99, p.3)(SFC, 4/1/00, p.B4)(MC, 4/10/02)
1849 May 10, A mob destroyed Astor
Place opera house in NYC and 22 people were killed. Edward Z.C. Judson
(Ned Buntline) was convicted of leading the riot and was sentenced to a
year in prison. In 2007 Nigel Cliff authored “The Shakespeare Riots:
Revenge, Drama, and Death in Nineteenth-Century America.”
(PCh, 1992, p.450)(WSJ, 4/28/07, p.P8)
1849 Jul 22, Emma Lazarus,
American poet, was born of Sephardic Jewish parents in NYC. Her poem,
"The New Colossus," is inscribed on the base of the Statue of Liberty.
(HN, 7/22/98)(SFEC, 4/30/00, BR p.2)
1849 The High Bridge was built as
an aqueduct to carry water to Manhattan.
(USAT, 1/16/04, p.10A)
1849 The Pfizer drug company was
founded by Charles Pfizer and cousin Charles Erhart in Brooklyn.
(SFEC, 8/27/00, p.B4)
1850 George Foster, a reporter for
Horace Greeley’s New York Tribune, compiled his reports on the seedy
corners of the city in "New York by Gas Light."
(AM, Mar/Apr 97 p.46)
1850 Directors of the Brooklyn
released 8 pair of sparrows imported from England. They did not thrive
and director Nicolas Pike acquired 50 more pair and released them in
Brooklyn’s Greenwood Cemetery 1853.
(AH, 6/02, p.39)
1850s The African-American
community of Seneca Village was razed to make way for Central Park. The
village had 264 frame houses, 3 churches, 2 cemeteries and a school.
(AM, May/Jun 97 p.62)
1851 Jan 27, John James Audubon
(b.1785), wildlife painter and conservationist (Audubon Society), died.
He was buried in NYC. In 2004 Duff Hart-Davis authored "Audubon's
Elephant," and account of his 12 year sojourn to Europe to oversee the
production of "Birds of America." In 2004 William Souder authored
“Under a Wild Sky: John James Audubon and the Making of the Birds of
America.” In 2004 Richard Rhodes authored “John James Audubon: The
Making of an American.”
(HNQ, 7/15/01)(WSJ, 3/26/04, p.W6)(SSFC, 6/20/04,
p.M6)(SSFC, 10/17/04, p.M6)
1851 Sep 18, The first edition of
The New York Times was published as the New-York Daily Times. It was
founded by Henry J. Raymond, Republican Speaker of the NY State
Assembly, and banker George Jones as a conservative counterpoint to
Horace Greeley's Tribune.
(AP, 9/18/97)(SFEM, 1/16/00,
p.17)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Times)
1851 John Kiehl opened an
apothecary at Third Ave. and 13th Street in Manhattan to sell potions,
lotions and remedies such as to cure baldness and enhance virility. He
also sold a get-rich essence called Money Drawing Oil. In 1999 the firm
did some $40 million in business with just freebies and word of mouth
advertising.
(F, 10/7/96, p.76)(WSJ, 12/29/99, p.B1)
1852 Mar 13, A familiar symbol of
the United States, Uncle Sam, made his debut as a cartoon character in
the New York Lantern.
(AP, 3/13/97)
1852 J.P. Morgan’s NYC residence
was completed on the corner of 37th St. and Madison Ave.
(WSJ, 6/8/06, p.D8)
1853 Jul 14, Pres. Franklin Pierce
opened the 1st industrial exposition in NY. Some 4,000 exhibitors
gathered for a trade show at the New York Crystal Palace (later Bryant
Park).
(WSJ, 9/14/00, p.A24)(MC, 7/14/02)
1854 May 30, Vermont native
Elisha Graves Otis (1811-1861) unveiled his invention, the safety
elevator at the New York World's Fair. Audiences gasped as Otis, riding
on the hoist's platform, dramatically ordered the lifting rope cut.
Instead of falling, the car locked safely into the elevator shaft.
Prior to the 1850s there was no existing market for passenger elevators
because there was no safety mechanism in the event of a cable break. In
1852 Otis was a master mechanic working at a bedstead factory in
Yonkers, N.Y., when he built a hoisting machine with two sets of metal
teeth at the car's sides. If the lifting rope broke, the teeth would
lock into place, preventing the car from falling. Otis never realized
the potential of his invention. His sons built the Otis Elevator
Company, enabling the skylines of cities throughout the world to be
transformed with skyscrapers.
(HNPD, 5/30/99)(ON, 5/05, p.12)
1854 Aug 16, Duncan Phyfe (86),
NYC furniture maker, died.
(MC, 8/16/02)
1854 Stephen Hedges of NYC
patented his convertible chair, a half round table hinged to a half
round chair.
(SFC, 7/8/98, Z1 p.3)
1855 May 5, NYC regained Castle
Clinton. It would be used for immigration.
(MC, 5/5/02)
1855 Sep 27, George F. Bristow's
"Rip Van Winkle," 2nd American opera, opened in NYC.
(MC, 9/27/01)
1855 Dr. Philip Cammann of NYC
improved the design of the Laennec stethoscope by adding rubber ear
pieces and rubber tubing to conduct the sound. [see 1826]
(ON, 9/00, p.11)
1856-1929 The Children's Aid Society and The New York
Foundling Hospital sponsored Orphan Trains that relocated homeless New
York children to adoptive homes in the sparsely populated West and
Midwest. Needy children were chosen for relocation and if they were not
true orphans, a release for placement was obtained from the remaining
parent or guardian. The train route was chosen and the children, after
being given new clothing, boarded the train accompanied by the
society's agent. Advance notice was placed in local newspapers and a
screening committee was responsible for matching the orphans with
prospective families. When the train arrived, the orphans were
displayed in a church or other public building and if an agreeable
match was made, the child was left with his or her new family. Those
not selected would reboard the train for the next stop. It was up to
the agent to keep tabs on adopted children, and if they were not
determined to be happy and well-treated, they would be removed and,
hopefully, adopted by a new family. While this procedure was risky and
many children were placed in abusive situations, Orphan Train sponsors
believed that youngsters placed with western families had a better
chance than those living on the streets of New York. In the 75 years of
the Orphan Trains, between 150,000 and 200,000 children were relocated.
(HNPD, 12/1/98)
1857 Mar 23, Elisha Otis installed
the first modern passenger elevator in the 5-story Haughwout and Co.
building at 488 Broadway in New York City.
(www.theelevatormuseum.org/h/h-2.htm)(ON, 5/05, p.12)
1857 Aug 24, The New York branch
of the Ohio Life Insurance and Trust Co. failed, sparking the Panic of
1857. Financial pressures exerted negative market influences as noted
in a letter to the Economist in 1865. The sharp but short 1857-58
financial crash in the US was touched off by the failure of the New
York branch of the Ohio Life Insurance and Trust Company. Over
speculation in real estate and railroad securities fed the panic.
(AP, 8/24/07)(WSJ, 9/28/95c, p.A-18)(HNQ, 6/6/00)
1857 Oct 6, The American Chess
Association organized. The 1st major US chess tournament was held in
NYC. [see Oct 10]
(MC, 10/6/01)
1857 Oct 10, The American Chess
Association formed (NYC). [see Oct 6]
(MC, 10/10/01)
1857 Dec 8, 1st production of Dion
Boucicault's "Poor of NY."
(MC, 12/8/01)
1857 Landscape architect Frederick
Law Olmstead and architect Calvert Vaux won the competition to develop
NYC's Central Park.
(SFEC, 6/21/98, p.T5)(NG, 5/93, p.9)(SFC, 4/5/04,
p.B5)
1857 The state’s Republican
governor created a rival police force in NYC to undercut the criminally
affiliated Democratic Mayor, Fernando Wood. The court ruled in favor of
the governor.
(WSJ, 8/2100, p.A14)
1957 The New York Currier &
Ives partnership was formed.
(WSJ, 12/19/00, p.A19)
1858 Apr 28, NYC commissioners
approved the “Greensward” plan for Central Park. Frederick Law Olmstead
(1822-1903), the recently selected park superintendant, and landscape
architect Calvert Vaux won a design competition to improve and expand
the park with a plan they entitled the Greensward Plan. The park had
first opened in 1857, on 770 acres of city owned land. Construction
began in 1858 and was completed in 1873. The initial budget for the new
park was $1.5 million.
(ON, 6/10,
p.p6)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Law_Olmsted)
1858 Jul 20, An admission of 50
cents was charged for the first time at the All Star baseball game
between New York and Brooklyn.
(WSJ, 10/15/98, p.B8)
1858 Aug 23, "Ten Nights in a
Bar-room," a play about the tragic consequences of consuming alcohol,
opened in New York.
(AP, 8/23/08)
1858 Oct 18, The play "Our
American Cousin" by Tom Taylor premiered at Laura Keene's theater in
New York.
(AP, 10/18/08)
1858 Oct 27, Theodore Roosevelt,
26th president of the United States who was the namesake of the "Teddy"
bear, was born in New York City in a townhouse at 28 East 20th Street.
Today a reconstruction of the house is a National Historic Site and
open to the public. The 26th president of the U.S., Roosevelt died on
January 6, 1919. He wrote the 4-volume "The Winning of the West."
(AP, 10/27/97)(WSJ, 12/18/97, p.A20)(HN,
10/27/98)(HNQ, 11/18/98)
1858 Oct 28, Rowland Hussey Macy
opened his first New York store at Sixth Avenue and 14th Street in
Manhattan.
(AP, 10/28/08)(SFC, 6/1/04, p.A1)
1858 Nov 9, NY Symphony Orchestra
made its 1st performance.
(MC, 11/9/01)
1858 Archbishop John Hughes laid
the cornerstone of St. Patrick’s Cathedral on Fifth Ave.
(WSJ, 3/15/02, p.W15)
1859 Nov 23, Billy the Kid (born
as Henry McCarty), was born as William H. Bonney (d.1881) in New York
City. He later became a US outlaw. A ballet titled "Billy the Kid" by
Aaron Copland was written in 1938.
(HFA, ‘96, p.42)(WUD, 1994, p.148)(MesWP)(HNQ,
7/9/01)
1859 Dec 5, Dion Boucicault's
"Octaroon," premiered in NYC.
(MC, 12/5/01)
1859-1903 Martin and Henry Schrenkeisen manufactured
rockers and other chairs in NYC.
(SFC, 7/20/05, p.G4)
1860 Feb 27, Abraham Lincoln spoke
at the Great Hall of Cooper Union College in NYC: “Let us have faith
that right makes might, and in that faith, let us, to the end, dare to
do our duty as we understand it.”
(SSFC, 8/15/04, p.D11)
1860 Mar 11, Thomas Hastings,
architect of the New York Public Library, was born.
(HN, 3/11/98)
1861 Jan 6, NYC mayor proposed
that it become a free city to continue trading with the North &
South.
(MC, 1/6/02)
1861 Feb 19, Pres.-elect Lincoln
traveled through NYC on his way to Washington.
(WSJ, 2/12/04, p.D12)
1861 John Kellum started work on
the Tweed Courthouse, the NYC County Courthouse, on a site that had
been an almshouse from 1797. Leopold Eidlitz took over the job in 1871.
(Arch, 7/02, p.24)
1861 Zouave units, including the
11th New York, fought at the First Battle of Bull Run (First Manassas).
The 11th New York Zouaves was primarily composed of firemen. Volunteer
Zouave units, based on the highly disciplined French army units that
were in turn based on Algerian units, were very popular in the years
before the American Civil War.
(HNQ, 8/1/01)
1862 Feb 25, The ironclad Monitor
was commissioned at the Brooklyn Navy Yard.
(HN, 2/25/98)
1862 Mar 8, Nat Gordon, last
pirate, was hanged in NYC for stealing 1,000 slaves.
(MC, 3/8/02)
1862 In NYC St. Peter’s
Evangelical Lutheran Church was founded at Lexington and 54th.
(WSJ, 4/27/05, p.D10)
1863 Mar 3, President Abraham
Lincoln signed the conscription act compelling U.S. citizens to report
for duty in the Civil War or pay $300.00. 86,724 men paid the exemption
cost to avoid service. The inequality of this arrangement led to draft
riots in New York.
(HN, 3/3/99)(HNQ, 10/18/00)
1863 Apr 13, Hospital for Ruptured
and Crippled in NY became the 1st orthopedic hospital.
(MC, 4/13/02)
1863 Jul 13, Rioting against the
Civil War military draft erupted in New York City; about 1,000 people
died over three days. Antiabolitionist Irish longshoremen rampaged
against blacks in the deadly Draft Riots in New York City in response
to Pres. Lincoln’s announcement of military conscription. Mobs lynched
a black man and torched the Colored Orphan Asylum. The 2003 film "Gangs
of New York" focused on this event. In 2006 Barnet Schecter authored
“The Devil’s Own Work,” an account of the riots.
(WSJ, 3/19/96, p.A-12)(AP, 7/13/97)(HN,
7/13/98)(WSJ, 8/2100, p.A14)(WSJ, 1/18/06, p.D13)
1863 Oct 1, 5 Russian warships
were welcomed in NYC.
(MC, 10/1/01)
1863 Oct 6, The world’s "first
Turkish Bath" opened in Brooklyn.
(SFEC, 11/5/00, pen 2)
1864 Jan 3, John Joseph Hughes
(b.1797), Irish-born Archbishop of the Catholic diocese of NY, died.
(WSJ, 12/5/08,
p.A19)(www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/John-Joseph-Hughes)
1864 Jan 13, Composer Stephen
Foster died in a New York City hospital.
(AP, 1/13/98)
1864 Nov 15, 1st US mines school
opened in the basement of Columbia University, NY.
(MC, 11/15/01)
1864 Nov 25, A Confederate plot to
burn NYC failed.
(MC, 11/25/01)
1865 Jan 4, The New York Stock
Exchange opened its first permanent headquarters at 10-12 Broad Street
near Wall Street in NYC. The Corinthian-style structure would serve the
Exchange until 1903 when more spacious quarters opened at 18 Broad
Street.
(WSJ, 1/11/99,
p.R43)(http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/jan04.html)
1865 Jul 13, Horace Greeley
advised his readers to "Go west young man."
(MC, 7/13/02)
1865 The first known baseball card
depicts the Brooklyn Atlantics in a team portrait.
(SFEC, 8/17/97, Par p.2)
1865 Benjamin Altman founded B.
Altman & Co., a big department store at Fifth Avenue and 34th
Street in NYC. It expanded to a chain of stores but filed for
bankruptcy in 1989.
(SFC, 6/11/08, p.G3)
1865 A storm destroyed the
celebrated buttonwood tree where merchants first traded stock.
(WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R43)
1866 Feb 26, New York Legislature
established the NYC Metropolitan Board of Health.
(SC, 2/26/02)
1866 Sep 12, The first burlesque
show opened in New York City (NYC). The show was a four act performance
called "The Black Crow", running for 475 performances and made a
reported $1.3 million for its producers.
(MC, 9/12/01)
1866 Sep 25, (Leonard W) Jerome
Park opened in Bronx for horse racing.
(MC, 9/25/01)
1867 Jul 2, The 1st US elevated
railroad began service in NYC.
(SC, 7/2/02)
1867 Dec 2, People waited in
mile-long lines to hear Charles Dickens give his first reading in New
York City.
(HN, 12/2/00)
c1867 In NYC restaurateur and
entrepreneur Charles Feltman, who owned a pie wagon at Coney, was
looking for something simple he could prepare and serve in a confined
space. He hit on the idea of putting a hot sausage in a hard roll.
Another version puts Feltman in his German restaurant, Feltman's Ocean
Pavilion, when at some point a sausage ended up between two slices of
bread. Feltman called it a frankfurter, and cartoonists labeled it a
"hot dog."
(HNQ, 7/10/01)
1867 The New York Bridge Co. hired
John Roebling and his son Washington to build a suspension bridge
across the East River between Manhattan and Brooklyn
(ON, 4/01, p.9)
1867 James McCreery (1826-1903)
opened a silk retailing operation in NYC. Within 3 years he bought a
large building on Broadway and expanded with more departments.
McCreery’s close in 1953.
(SFC, 9/5/07, p.G5)
1868 Feb 16, The Benevolent and
Protective Order of Elks (B.P.O.E.) was organized in New York City by
members of the theatrical profession. Later, men in other professions
were permitted to join the social organization. The letters E.L.K. are
repeated in the titles of some of its officers, such as Esteemed
Leading Knight and Esteemed Loyal Knight..
(AP, 2/16/98)(HNQ, 10/15/99)
1868 Sep 8, The NY Athletic Club
formed.
(MC, 9/8/01)
1868 Oct 22, Jacques Offenbach's
opera "Genevieve de Brabant," premiered in NYC.
(MC, 10/22/01)
1868 Susan B. Anthony, the
suffrage leader, put out the first issue of "The Revolution" in New
York City.
(HN, 11/5/98)
1869 Apr 8, American Museum of
Natural History opened in NYC.
(MC, 4/8/02)
1869 Jul, John Augustus Roebling,
inventor of the steel wire cable and designer of the Brooklyn Bridge,
was killed in a construction accident at the outset of construction of
the Brooklyn Bridge. Roebling died of a tetanus infection from a foot
injury. He had earlier completed the first suspension bridge over the
Niagara gorge linking the US and Canada. His son and partner,
Washington A. Roebling, supervised the Brooklyn Bridge to its
completion in spite of a debilitating illness.
(HFA, '96, p.30)(AP, 5/24/97)(HNPD, 5/23/99)(WSJ,
6/10/99, p.A24)(ON, 4/01, p.9)
1869 Dec 14, Nathan Meeker,
agricultural editor of the New York Tribune, wrote a column appealing
to readers of high moral character to join him in building a utopian
community by the South Platte River near the foot of the Rocky
Mountains. He selected 700 of some 3000 applicants and founded Greeley,
Colo., named after his publisher Horace Greeley.
(Sm, 2/06, p.99)
1869 An elevator was installed in
the Equitable Building.
(WSJ, 10/17/01, p.A24)
1869 In NYC Hart Island became the
city’s graveyard. The island had also been used as a Union training
camp, a Confederate prison, a yellow-fever quarantine, a lunatic
asylum, a workhouse for aged inmates, a prison for WW II German
soldiers, an antiaircraft missile base, a rehab center for the homeless
and drug addicts, and a driving school for chronic traffic offenders.
(WSJ, 8/26/98, p.10)
1869 Marcus Goldman, son of a
German peasant, began to broker credit to diamond and leather merchants
near Wall Street. He later offered a partnership to his son-in-law Sam
Sachs. In 1999 Lisa Endlich published "Goldman Sachs: The Culture of
Success." In 2008 Charles D. Ellis authored ”The Partnership: The
Making of Goldman Sachs.”
(WSJ, 2/23/99, p.A20)(WSJ, 10/1/08, p.A23)
1869 Henry J. Raymond, founder of
the New-York Daily Times, died of a heart attack in the apartment of
his lover, actress Rose Eytinge.
(SFEM, 1/16/00, p.17)
1870 Jan 2, Construction of
Brooklyn Bridge began. [see July, 1869]
(MC, 1/2/02)
1870 Feb 26, New York City's first
pneumatic-powered subway line was opened to the public. The tunnel was
only a block long, and the line had only one car.
(AP, 2/26/07)
1870 Apr 13, The Metropolitan
Museum of Art was incorporated in New York. The museum opened in 1872.
(AP, 4/13/08)
1870 Sep 20, Mayor William Tweed
was accused of robbing the NY treasury.
(MC, 9/20/01)
1870 William Marcy Tweed (Boss
Tweed) regained control of the city police from the state.
(WSJ, 8/2100, p.A16)
1870 US Secret Service
headquarters relocated to New York City.
(http://www.ustreas.gov/usss/history.shtml)
1870 Federal census data of the
southern end of Mulberry St. in New York City showed 39 Italian men
employed as organ grinders.
(AM, Mar/Apr 97 p.49)
1870 Charles Adams of New York
began manufacturing his chewing gum "Charles Adams Gum No 1" in a
Manhattan warehouse.
(SFC, 1/13/98, p.A19)
1870 Frederick August Otto
Schwartz (FAO Schwartz) opened up his 1st NYC store on Broadway called
Schwartz Toy Bazaar.
(WSJ, 11/21/03, p.B1)
1870-1930 Jeffrey S. Gurock later authored "When
Harlem Was Jewish, 1870-1930."
(SFC, 6/10/02, p.D5)
1871 Oct 27, Boss Tweed (William
Macy Tweed), Democratic leader of Tammany Hall, was indicted on charges
of fraud and grand larceny after NY Times exposed his corruption. The
conviction were overturned but civil charges sent him to prison.
(MC, 10/27/01)(Arch, 7/02, p.24)
1871 Nov 21, Moses F. Gale
patented a cigar lighter in NYC.
(MC, 11/21/01)
1871 Nov 24, The National Rifle
Association was incorporated in NYC, and its first president named:
Maj. Gen. Ambrose E. Burnside.
(AP, 11/24/97)(MC, 11/24/01)
1871 Dec 19, Albert L. Jones
patented corrugated paper in NYC.
(MC, 12/19/01)
1871 In NYC the Black Laborer’s
Union and the Fenian O’Donovan Rossa paraded up Baxter St. to fight for
the 8-hour day.
(SFC, 7/29/98, p.A19)
1872 Feb 20, Metropolitan Museum
of Art, incorporated in 1870, opened in NYC.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art)
1872 Oct 3, Bloomingdale's
department store opened in NYC.
(MC, 10/3/01)
1872 Nov 29, Horace Greeley,
founder of the New York Tribune, died. The daily paper reflected much
of the morality of his New England upbringing and he partnered a high
standard of news gathering with printed arguments and urges against
drinking, gambling, capital punishment and—increasingly in the
1850s—slavery. The slavery issue and his lifelong desire for high
political office led him away from his political party, the Whigs, and
to the newly emerging Republican Party. He usually sided with the
radical wing of the Republicans, advocating early emancipation of
slaves. Still unsuccessful in state and national bids, he eventually
joined a group of Republican dissenters who formed the Liberal
Republican Party to oppose Grant. While he received almost 44% of the
popular vote, he received only 18% of the electoral vote, which were
cast for other candidates due to his death.
(HNQ, 11/3/00)
1872 Dec 26, The 4th largest
snowfall in NYC history reached 18 inches.
(MC, 12/26/01)
1872 Luigi Palma di Cesnola made
his first sale of Cypriot artifacts to the NY Metropolitan Museum of
Art.
(AM, 7/00, p.62)
1872 The Butter and Cheese
Exchange opened in NYC. It later became known as the New York
Mercantile Exchange (Nymex).
(WSJ, 9/28/05, p.C3)
1873 Sep 20, A financial panic hit
the NY Stock Exchange when the high-flying bond dealer, Jay Cooke,
granted too many loans to the railroads. Panic spread to Europe as
London and Paris markets crashed and the New York Stock Exchange closed
for the first time for 10 days. The economy went into a 6 year
depression. Philadelphia banker and newspaperman Anthony Drexel teamed
up with J.P. Morgan to depose a rival bank run by Jay Cooke. They
published allegations to undermine confidence and cause a run that led
to a panic.
(WSJ, 2/27/95, p.A-10)(WSJ, 7/8/96, p.C1)(WSJ,
10/7/98, p.A22)(SSFC, 7/14/02, p.G2)
1873 Oct 20, The P.T. Barnum
Hippodrome featuring the "Greatest Show on Earth," opened in NYC.
(MC, 10/20/01)
1873 Oct 30, P.T. Barnum's circus,
"Greatest Show on Earth," debuted in NYC.
(MC, 10/30/01)
1873 In NYC a long brick building,
9½ feet by 42 feet, was built on Bedford Street in Greenwich
Village on land used as an alley. Poet Edna St. Vincent Millay later
lived there, as did anthropologist Margaret Mead. It was dubbed NYC’s
skinniest house and in 2010 sold for $2.1 million.
(SFC, 1/14/10, p.A4)
1874 Jan 13, Battle between
jobless and police in NYC left 100s injured.
(MC, 1/13/02)
1874 Mar 22, Young Men's Hebrew
Association was organized in NYC.
(MC, 3/22/02)
1874 Nov 18, Clarence Day,
American writer, was born in NYC. His work included "Life with Father."
(HN, 11/18/00)(MC, 11/18/01)
1874 Nov 19, William Marcy "Boss"
Tweed of Tammany Hall (NYC) was convicted of defrauding city of $6M and
sentenced to 12 years' imprisonment.
(MC, 11/19/01)
1874 Jan 1, New York City annexed
the Bronx.
(MC, 1/1/02)
1874 The play "The Two Orphans"
opened in NYC and starred Kate Claxton as the blind girl named Louise.
(SFC, 4/21/99, Z1 p.6)
1875 Mar 15, John McCloskey, Roman
Catholic archbishop of New York, was named the first American cardinal
by Pope Pius IX.
(AP, 3/15/97)
1875 Sep 11, 1st newspaper cartoon
strip, "Professor Tigwissel’s Burglar Alarm" appeared in the New York
"Daily Graphics" newspaper.
(MC, 9/11/01)
1875 Dec 4, William Marcy Tweed
(d.1878), the "Boss" of New York City's Tammany Hall political
organization, escaped from jail and fled the country. He went to Cuba
and then Spain were he was identified from cartoons by Thomas Nast and
returned to prison.
(AP, 12/4/97)(Arch, 7/02, p.24)
1875 In NYC the Butter and Cheese
Exchange, later known as the New York Mercantile Exchange (Nymex), was
renamed to the American Exchange of New York.
(WSJ, 9/28/05, p.C3)
1875 Jacob Bulova opened a jewelry
shop in the financial district of NYC. It grew to become the Bulova
Watch Co. In 1979 it was purchased by the Loews Corp. and taken
private.
(WSJ, 1/7/07, p.A4)
1876 Jul 4, Batholdi visited
Bedloe Island, future home of his Statue of Liberty.
(Maggio, 98)
1876 Sep 24, Mary Newton (2), the
daughter of US Army Engineer Lt. Col. John Newton, triggered a huge
blast to clear rocks in the Hell Gate channel of the East River. Newton
had been authorized to begin work to deepen the channel in 1867.
(ON, 2/08, p.8)
1876 Dec 5, In NYC a fire in the
Brooklyn Theater killed 278 people.
(WSJ, 9/13/01,
p.B11)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Claxton)
1876 E.H. Harriman founded the
Tompkins Square Boys club in new York's Lower East Side.
(WSJ, 3/21/00, p.A24)
1878 Jan 16, Harry Carey Sr.,
actor (Aces Wild, Border Cafe, Air Force), was born in Bronx, NY.
(MC, 1/16/02)
1878 Apr 12, William M "Boss"
Tweed, NYC politician, died in prison.
(MC, 4/12/02)(Arch, 7/02, p.24)
1878 The first American badminton
club was formed in NYC. Its charter limited play to men and
"good-looking single women."
(SFC, 7/3/99, p.B3)
1878 Joseph P. McHugh (1854-1916)
opened his furnishings business, the Popular Shop, in NYC. In 1884 it
moved to 42nd Street.
(SFC, 1/2/08, p.G3)
1879 Feb 12, 1st artificial ice
rink in North America was at Madison Square Garden, NYC. [see May 31]
(MC, 2/12/02)
1879 May 30, Gilmore Garden in NYC
was renamed Madison Square Garden.
(MC, 5/30/02)
1879 May 31, New York's Madison
Square Garden opened its doors.
(HN, 5/31/98)
1879 Jun 16, Gilbert &
Sullivan's "HMS Pinafore" debuted at Bowery Theater in NYC.
(MC, 6/16/02)
1879 Dec 31, Gilbert and
Sullivan's "Pirates of Penzance," premiered in NYC.
(MC, 12/31/01)
1879 Gen. Luigi Palma di Cesnola
became the director of the NY Metropolitan Museum of Art. He had served
as the American Consul in Lanarca, Cyprus, (1865-1876) where he
collected antiquities and later sold them to the museum.
(WSJ, 4/10/00, p.A44)
1879 The Washington Square United
Methodist Church was built in NYC. In 2004 the congregation dropped to
60 and it was put up for sale asking $13 million.
(WSJ, 12/29/04, p.B6)
1880 Mar, In NYC the Metropolitan
Museum opened its new building on Fifth Ave. Its crown jewel was the
Cesnola collection of antiquities of Cypriot artifacts collected by
Luigi Palma de Cesnola. Cesnola was named the first director.
(AM, 7/97, p.68)
1880 Nov 8, Sarah Bernhardt,
French actress, made her US debut at NY's Booth Theater.
(MC, 11/8/01)
1880 Dec 20, NY's Broadway was lit
by electricity. It later became known as "Great White Way."
(MC, 12/20/01)
1880 Thomas Moran painted "Lower
Manhattan From Communipaw, New Jersey."
(SFC,10/15/97, p.D3)
1880 Henry James, American writer,
authored his novel “Washington Square,” in which he depicts the insular
world of his NYC childhood.
(WSJ, 4/19/08, p.W8)
1880 In NYC the American Exchange
of New York, later known as the New York Mercantile Exchange (Nymex),
was renamed as the Butter, Cheese and Egg Exchange of New York.
(WSJ, 9/28/05, p.C3)
1881 Jan 22, Ancient Egyptian
obelisk, "Cleopatra's Needle," was erected in Central Park.
(MC, 1/22/02)
1881 Mar 16, Barnum & Bailey
Circus debuted. [see Mar 18]
(MC, 3/16/02)
1881 Mar 18, Barnum and Bailey's
Greatest Show on Earth opened in Madison Square Gardens. [see Mar 16]
(HN, 3/18/98)
1881 Aug, The Edison Electric
Illumination Co. began building its 1st DC generating plant in
Manhattan. The station was completed in September of 1882.
(ON, 10/04, p.5)
1881 The NYC County Courthouse was
completed. It was declared a NYC landmark in 1984.
(Arch, 7/02, p.25)
1882 Jan 30, Franklin D.
Roosevelt, 32nd President of the United States, was born in Hyde Park,
N.Y. He led the country out of the Great Depression and through most of
World War II.
(AP, 1/30/98)(HN, 1/30/99)
1882 Mar 3, New York Steam Corp
began distributing steam to Manhattan buildings.
(SC, 3/3/02)
1882 Mar 25, 1st demonstration of
pancake making was in a NYC Dept store.
(MC, 3/25/02)
1882 Jun 6, An electric iron was
patented by Henry W. Seely in NYC.
(MC, 6/6/02)
1882 Sep 4, Thomas Edison
displayed the first practical electrical lighting system. He
successfully turned on the lights in a one square mile area of New York
City with the world’s 1st electricity generating plant.
(MC, 9/4/01)(WSJ, 9/17/01, p.R6)
1882 Sep 5, The first Labor Day
observance--a picnic and parade--was held in New York City. Matthew
Maguire, a machinist and secretary of the New York City Central Labor
Union, probably first suggested the celebration in 1882 to recognize
the contributions of workers to America. Parades like the one in
Buffalo, New York, around 1900, soon became an important part of Labor
Day festivities. Matthew Maguire, a machinist and secretary of the New
York City Central Labor Union, probably first suggested the celebration
in 1882 to recognize the contributions of workers to America. Local and
regional Labor Day observances spread across the nation until, on June
28, 1894, the U.S. Congress passed an act making the first Monday in
September a legal holiday.
(AP, 9/5/97)(HNPD, 9/5/98)(HNQ, 9/7/98)
1882 Dec 11, Fiorella H. La
Guardia (d.1947), mayor of New York City, 1934-1945, was born.
(AP, 1/8/98)(WSJ, 12/9/98,
p.A20)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiorello_La_Guardia)
1882 Herbert Spencer (1820-1903),
English philosopher, culminated his visit to the US with a dinner a
Delmonico’s in NYC, at which mostly Republican men of science,
religion, business and government participated. In 2008 Barry Werth
authored “Banquet at Delmonico’s: Great Minds, the Gilded Age, and the
Triumph of Evolution in America.”
(WSJ, 1/9/09, p.A11)
1882 Edison Electric installed a
power grid in Manhattan that wrecked telephone reception.
(SFEM, 1/11/98, p.13)
1883 Mar 24, Long-distance
telephone service was inaugurated between Chicago and New York. [see
Mar 27, 1884]
(AP, 3/23/97)
1883 May 24, The Brooklyn Bridge,
hailed as the "eighth wonder of the world," was dedicated by President
Chester Arthur and New York Gov. Grover Cleveland, and officially
opened to traffic. The suspension bridge linking the boroughs of
Manhattan and Brooklyn became a symbol of America's progress and
ingenuity. The bridge has a span of 1,595 feet with 16-inch steel wire
suspension cables fastened to Gothic-style arches 276 feet tall. Civil
engineer John Augustus Roebling, inventor of the steel wire cable and
designer of the bridge, was killed in a construction accident at the
outset of construction in 1869. His son and partner, Washington A.
Roebling, supervised the project to its completion in spite of a
debilitating illness. 20 men died during construction and many suffered
from caisson disease, later known as the bends, while working in
pressurized air chambers under the river.
(HNPD, 5/23/99)(ON, 4/01, p.9)(AP, 5/24/08)
1883 May 30, 12 people were
trampled to death in New York City when a rumor that the recently
opened Brooklyn Bridge was in danger of collapsing triggered a
stampede.
(AP, 5/30/97)
1883 Jun 16, The New York
Gothams admitted both escorted and unescorted ladies to the baseball
park free in the 1st ladies’ day game against the Cleveland Spiders. NY
won, 5-2.
(HNQ, 12/21/01)(AP, 6/16/03)
1883 Oct 22, The original
Metropolitan Opera House in New York held its grand opening with a
performance of Gounod's "Faust."
(AP, 10/22/01)
1883 Oscar Wilde’s first play,
“Vera,” flopped in NYC. It was inspired by the 1878 shooting of a
repressive general of the Russian Czar by revolutionary Vera Zasulich.
(SFC, 9/24/08, p.E1)
1883 Joseph Pulitzer assumed
command of the New York World newspaper with a circulation of 15,000. 4
years later it increased to 350,000. Pulitzer purchased the paper from
financier Jay Gould.
(SFEM, 11/8/98, p.14,16)(HNQ, 1/29/02)
1884 Mar 27, The first
long-distance telephone call was made, between Boston and New York
City. [see Mar 24, 1883]
(AP, 3/27/97)(HN, 3/27/98)
1884 Apr 21, Potters Field
reopened as Madison Square Park in NYC.
(MC, 4/21/02)
1884 Jun 10, William E. Eldred of
Brooklyn, NY, was granted a US patent for a new way to open and close
the legs of a folding table.
(SFC, 1/30/08, p.G4)
1884 Jun 16, America's 1st roller
coaster began operating at Coney Island, NYC. It hit a top speed of 6
mph.
(MC, 6/16/02)(Econ, 6/28/03, p.30)
1884 Jul 3, The 1st Dow Jones
average included 11 stocks: Chicago & North Western, Union Pacific
Delaware, Lackawanna & Western, Missouri Pacific, Lake Shore,
Louisville & Nashville, New York Central, Pacific Mail, St. Paul,
Western Union, and Northern Pacific preferred.
(SFC, 2/2/06,
p.A13)(www.cftech.com/BrainBank/FINANCE/DowJonesAvgsHist.html)
1884 Aug 5, The cornerstone for
the Statue of Liberty was laid on Bedloe's Island in New York Harbor.
(THC, 4/10/97)(AP, 8/5/97)
1884 The New-York Daily Times
refused to support James G. Blaine and endorsed Democrat Grover
Cleveland.
(SFEM, 1/16/00, p.18)
1884 A large part of the Cesnola
collection of Cypriot antiquities of the Metropolitan Museum was sold
to Gov. Leland Stanford of California.
(AM, 7/97, p.68)
1885 Jan 27, Jerome Kern, Broadway
composer (Showboat, Roberta), was born in NYC.
(MC, 1/27/02)
1885 Mar 20, Yiddish theater
opened in NY with Goldfaden operetta.
(MC, 3/20/02)
1885 May 19, “Professor” Robert
Emmet Odlum of Washington, D.C., a well named swimming instructor and
author of pamphlets on diving, jumped from Brooklyn bridge. He entered
the water feet first (as was the accepted diving position at the time)
and shattered every bone in his frame from heel to skull. He was pulled
from the river unconscious and died a half hour later.
(http://thepublici.blogspot.com/)
1885 Jun 17, The French naval ship
Isere arrived in NYC with a cargo of wooden crates containing the
pieces of the Statue of Liberty.
(AP, 6/17/97)(ON, 4/03, p.3)
1885 Aug 11, Joseph Pulitzer’s NY
World announced that $100,000 was raised in US for a pedestal for the
Statue of Liberty.
(ON, 4/03, p.3)
1885 Sep 4, The 1st cafeteria
opened (NYC).
(MC, 9/4/01)
1885 Oct 10, Mary Newton (12), the
daughter of US Army Engineer under Lt. Col. John Newton (1823-1895)
triggered a 2nd huge blast to clear Flood Rock in the Hell Gate channel
of the East River. Mill Rock Island was formed by joining two rocks
with debris from the demolition. The Flood Rock detonation held the
record as the largest deliberately planned explosion until the Trinity
atomic blast in 1945.
(ON, 2/08, p.10)
1886 Jun 11, David Steinman,
bridge designer (Hudson, Triborough), was born in NYC.
(SC, 6/11/02)
1886 Jul 23, New York saloonkeeper
Steve Brodie claimed to have made a daredevil plunge from the Brooklyn
Bridge into the East River. However, few historians believe the jump
actually occurred
(AP, 7/23/07)
1886 Oct 28, The Statue of Liberty
on Liberty Island, formerly Bedloe's Island, in New York Harbor, a gift
from the people of France, was dedicated by President Cleveland. It was
designed by Frederic Auguste Bartholdi and originally named Liberty
Enlightening the World. It was erected at the entrance of New York
harbor as a symbol of freedom to welcome immigrants and others from
around the world and became a monument to republicanism and to the
amity between the French and American nations. The 225-ton statue
arrived in 214 packing cases in June 1885 and was assembled on an
American-built pedestal, the money for which was largely raised by
Joseph Pulitzer. Lady Liberty, holding up her torch at the entrance of
the harbor, remains one of America's most recognized monuments. Later
the poem "New Colossus" by Emma Lazarus was placed at the base. The
island was renamed by Pres. Eisenhower.
(WUD, 1994, p.1389)(WSJ, 7/26/96, p.A9)(THC,
4/10/97)(AP, 10/28/97) (HNPD, 10/28/98)(HN, 10/28/98)(MC, 10/28/01)
1886 The 1952 film "Park Row" was
directed by Sam Fuller. It was about 2 newspaper owners in New York in
1886.
(SFC,12/5/97, p.C12)
1886 Bloomingdale's department
store in NYC moved to 59th and Lexington Ave.
(SSFC, 9/24/06, p.D2)
1886 Robert J. Horner opened a
furniture shop on West 23rd Street in NYC. In 1914-15 the business
merged with a furniture company owned by George C. Flint and became
Flint & Horner, which grew into a large retail store.
(SFC, 1/16/08, p.G4)
1887 Feb 21, The 1st US
bacteriology laboratory opened in Brooklyn.
(MC, 2/21/02)
1887 Mar 22, Chico Marx, [Leonard
Martin], comedian (Marx Brothers), was born in NYC.
(MC, 3/22/02)
1887 Aug 21, Mighty (Dan) Casey
Struck-out in a game with the NY Giants.
(SC, 8/21/02)
1888 Aug 17, Monty Wooley, actor
(Pied Piper, Man Who Came to Dinner), was born in NYC.
(SC, 8/17/02)
1888 Oct 16, Eugene O'Neill
(d.1953), Nobel Prize-winning playwright (1936), was born in NYC. His
work includes "A Long Day's Journey Into Night" and "The Iceman
Cometh."
(AP, 11/27/97)(HN, 10/16/00)(MC, 10/16/01)
1888 In New York City the 13-story
Tower building was constructed at 50 Broadway.
(HT, 5/97, p.24)
1888 Thomas Adams installed the
1st Tutti Frutti machines on the platforms of the elevated trains of
NYC. They dispensed gumballs for a penny.
(WSJ, 7/28/00, p.W13)
1889 Jan 9, A tornado struck
Brooklyn, NY, when Flatbush was farmland. A twister blew through what
are now the neighborhoods of Carroll Gardens, Boerum Hill, Downtown,
Fort Greene and Williamsburg, blowing roofs off houses and uprooting
trees, but killing no one. 14 people were killed by the tornado in
Pittsburg, Pa.
(http://tinyurl.com/349275)(http://tinyurl.com/395f4q)
1889 Apr 30, The George Washington
Bridge, linking New York City and New Jersey, opened, the same day that
Washington's inauguration became the first U.S. national holiday
(HN, 4/30/98)
1889 Jul 8, Dow Jones & Co.
turned its “Customer’s Afternoon Letter” into a full-fledged newspaper
and co-founder Charles Bergstresser dubbed it the Wall Street Journal.
(AP, 7/8/97)(WSJ, 5/2/07, p.C1)
1889 Sep 23, Walter Lippmann,
journalist, was born in NYC. He was one of the founders of The New
Republic Magazine in 1914. His political writings included "Men of
Destiny."
(HN, 9/23/00)
1889 Nov 14, New York World
reporter Nellie Bly (Elizabeth Cochrane) was inspired by author Jules
Verne and set out to travel around the world in less than 80 days. She
succeeded, making the trip in 72 days.
(AP, 11/14/97)
1889 Nov 27, 1st permit issued to
drive a car through Central Park, NYC, was issued to Curtis P. Brady.
(MC, 11/27/01)
1890 Jan 22, Jose Marti formed La
Liga (Union of Cuban exiles) in NYC.
(MC, 1/22/02)
1890 Apr 11, Ellis Island was
designated as an immigration station.
(MC, 4/11/02)
1890 Aug 6, Convicted murderer
William Kemmler became the first person to be executed in the electric
chair as he was put to death at Auburn State Prison in New York. The
electric chair was introduced in New York City.
(AP, 8/6/97)(HN, 8/6/98)
1890 Oct 2, Julius Henry "Groucho"
Marx was a performer for more than 70 years. Although there is some
discrepancy about the exact date, Groucho was most likely born on
October 2, 1890, in New York. He later went on to host the television
quiz show "You Bet Your Life." He began singing as a boy and then
performed wisecracking comedy on stage and screen with his brothers
(Chico, Harpo, Zeppo and Gummo). Groucho also had radio shows, wrote
books and screenplays, and became the most famous Marx Brother for his
mustached, cigar-smoking persona and lines like, "I sent the club a
wire stating, 'please accept my resignation. I don't want to belong to
any club that will accept me as a member.'" "There's one way to find
out if a man is honest--ask him. If he says 'yes,' you know he is
crooked." Groucho Marx died in 1977.
(HNPD, 10/2/98)(AP, 10/2/97)
1890 Dec 18, Edwin Howard
Armstrong, radio pioneer and inventor of FM, was born in NYC.
(MC, 12/18/01)
1890 Dec 31, Ellis Island, NYC,
opened as a US immigration depot.
(MC, 12/31/01)
1890 Jacob A. Riis (1849-1914),
Danish-born author and photographer, published “How the Other Half
Lives: Studies Among the Tenements of New York.”
(ON, 3/03,
p.7)(www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAriis.htm)
1890 Seth Low became president of
Columbia Univ.
(SSFC, 8/15/04, p.D11)
1890 Eugene Schieffelin, a German
immigrant, released 40 pairs of European starlings in Central Park. By
1959 the birds reached the Pacific coast. To honor his new homeland he
had attempted to release every species of bird mentioned in the plays
of Shakespeare.
(AH, 6/02, p.42)
1890 The population of NYC at this
time was about 1.2 million with some 37,000 living in tenements.
(WSJ, 8/25/08, p.A11)
1890-1976 Paul Strand, American photographer. He
documented the streets of New York City from 1915-1917 and did early
experiments in photographic abstraction.
(SFEM, 5/31/98, p.13)
1891 Jan 1, An office was opened
on Ellis Island, New York, to cope with the vast flood of immigrants
coming into the United States.
(HN, 1/1/99)
1891 Feb 22, "Chico" Marx, actor,
comedian (Marx Brothers, Animal Crackers), was born in NYC.
(MC, 2/22/02)
1891 May 5, Carnegie Hall (then
named Music Hall) had its opening night in New York City. Tchaikovsky
was the guest conductor. Musicians, painters, dancers and actors
thrived in two towers built by 19th-century industrialist Andrew
Carnegie just after the hall went up. The Carnegie Towers, one 12
stories high, the other 16, housed more than 100 studios. In 2010 the
city-owned towers were gutted in a $200 million renovation program.
(AP, 5/5/97)(AP, 8/2/10)
1891 Mar 8, Sam Jaffe, actor
(Gunga Din, Dr Zorba-Ben Casey), was born in NYC.
(MC, 3/8/02)
1891 George Jones, banker and
co-founder of the New-York Daily Times, died. Charles R. Miller, editor
of the Times, purchased the paper with investments from a syndicate of
wealthy friends.
(SFEM, 1/16/00, p.18)
1892 Jan 1, The US Immigration
Service, after two years of construction, opened Ellis Island in New
York Harbor, a new facility for "processing" immigrants. Annie Moore
(15) of County Cork, Ireland, was the 1st person processed. The new
facility replaced Castle Garden, which was closed because of massive
overcrowding and corruption. The money changing concession was later
granted to American Express to end the cheating of immigrants. Formerly
used as a munitions dump and landfill, Ellis Island was designed, its
architects claimed, to handle more than 8,000 newcomers a day. Orderly
lines funneled bewildered immigrants past doctors and officials who
examined them for signs of disease. The physically and mentally ill
were refused admittance, forcing thousands of families to make the
difficult decision to return home with a relative refused entry or push
on without them. A final brusque interview by an immigration official
determined whether the newcomers had already been promised jobs. About
80% of those who entered Ellis Island received landing cards permitting
them to board ferries for NYC. In the 1890s, 75% of all immigrants
entered the US through Ellis Island. It was closed in 1954.
(AP, 1/1/98)(HNPD, 1/1/99)(AP, 1/1/98)(SFC, 3/21/98,
p.E3)(HNPD, 9/18/98)(SFEC, 6/20/99, p.T10)
1892 Mar 11, Raoul Walsh, director
(Thief of Baghdad, Battle Cry), was born in NYC.
(MC, 3/12/02)
1892 Mar 15, Jesse W. Reno,
inventor, patented the 1st escalator in NYC.
(MC, 3/15/02)
1892 Aug 27, Fire seriously
damaged New York City's original Metropolitan Opera House, located at
Broadway and 39th Street.
(AP, 8/27/97)
1892 Oct 18, The first
long-distance telephone line between Chicago and New York was formally
opened. It could only handle one call at a time.
(AP, 10/18/07)
1893 Oct 15, The NY Times declared
Coney Island “Sodom-by-the-Sea” for the thrilling rides that let men
and women clutch each other.
(Econ, 9/1/07, p.28)(http://tinyurl.com/39yjht)
1893 The Visiting Nurse Service
was founded as a non-profit group to administer to the city’s
burgeoning immigrant population.
(WSJ, 12/12/01, p.A1)
1894 Apr 19, Jules Massenet's
opera "Werther," premiered in NYC.
(MC, 4/19/02)
1894 Jun 20, George Delacorte,
philanthropist, publisher (Dell Books), was born in NYC.
(MC, 6/20/02)
1894 Aug 16, George Meany, the
first president of the AFL-CIO, was born in New York City.
(AP, 8/16/97)
1894 Sep 4, Some 12,000 tailors in
New York City went on strike to protest the existence of sweatshops.
(AP, 9/4/97)
1894 Oct 29, The opera “Rob Roy”
opened at the Herald Square Theater, NYC. The old Waldorf Hotel was
near Herald Square and soon produced the Rob Roy drink, Scotch whisky
and sweet vermouth.
(www.ibdb.com/production.asp?ID=7669)(WSJ, 12/9/06,
p.P10)
1894 Nov 18, 1st Sunday newspaper
color comic section published in the NY World.
(MC, 11/18/01)
1894 Nov, Swami Vivekananda
founded the Vedanta Society in NYC. It was the first Hindu organization
intended to attract American adherents.
(AH, 4/07,
p.31)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedanta_Society)
1895 Jan 31, Jose Marti and others
left NYC for invasion of Spanish Cuba.
(MC, 1/31/02)
1895 Mar 17, Shemp Howard,
comedian (3 Stooges, Bank Dick), was born in Brooklyn.
(MC, 3/17/02)
1895 May 20, The 1st commercial
movie performance was at 153 Broadway in NYC.
(MC, 5/20/02)
1895 May 23, The New York Public
Library had its origins with an agreement combining the city's existing
Astor and Lenox libraries. James Lenox, the son of a wealthy Scottish
merchant, started the NY Public Library.
(HFA, '96, p.30)(AP, 5/23/97)(SFCM, 12/10/00, p.12)
1895 May, Newspaper cartoonist
Richard Felton Outcault introduced a new and "distinctly different"
cartoon to the readers of Joseph Pulitzer's New York World. "At the
Circus in Hogan's Alley" set the standard for modern newspaper comic
strips with a zany cast of recurring characters in boisterous plots
printed in a color supplement. Americans loved the cartoon, especially
the character Mickey Dugan, the goofy-looking boy described as having
big ears, a gap-toothed grin and a long yellow nightshirt. By the
summer of 1896, "The Yellow Kid" was so closely identified with
Pulitzer's newspaper that the term "yellow journalism" was coined to
describe the new style of sensationalistic reporting that characterized
the World and many of its competitors.
(HN, 5/18/99)
1895 Jul 12, Oscar Hammerstein II,
lyricist who worked with Richard Rodgers, was born in NYC.
(MC, 7/12/02)
1895 Oct 22, David Belasco's
"Heart of Maryland," premiered in NYC.
(MC, 10/22/01)
1895 William Randolph Hearst
(1863-1951) bought the New York Morning Journal for $180,000 and moved
from SF to NYC. He soon renamed it the New York Journal. In 2008
Kenneth Whyte authored “The Uncrowned King: The Sensational Rise of
William Randolph Hearst,” an account of Heart’s first three years in
NYC.
(SFEM, 11/8/98, p.16)(SFC, 8/7/99, p.A9)(WSJ,
12/27/08, p.W8)
c1895 Capital flows between Europe
and America reversed with a net credit to America. In 2003 Thomas
Kessner authored "Capital City," the story of New York’s rise to a
world financial center.
(WSJ, 4/2/03, p.D8)
1895-1897 Teddy Roosevelt served as the head of the
NYC board of Police commissioners.
(WSJ, 8/2100, p.A16)
1896 Jan 20, George Burns
(d.3/9/96), vaudeville comedian and actor, was born Nathan Birnbaum in
New York City. He hosted radio and television show with his wife Gracie
Allen before going into movies like The Sunshine Boys. "By the time
you're 80 years old, you've learned everything. You only have to
remember it."
(WSJ, 3/11/96, p. A1)(AP, 1/20/98)(HN, 1/20/99)
1896 Feb, Teddy Roosevelt, Police
Commissioner of NYC, closed all the police lodging houses on the advice
of Jacob A. Riis (1849-1914), Danish-born author and photographer.
(WSJ, 8/25/08, p.A11)
1896 Mar 17, Adolph Ochs in
Tennessee received a telegram from Harry Alloway that the New York
Times available for acquisition.
(SFEM, 1/16/00, p.17)
1896 Apr 14, John Philip Sousa's
opera, "El Capitan," premiered in NYC.
(MC, 4/14/02)
1896 Apr 20, 1st public film
showing in US John Philip Sousa's "El Capitan," premiered in NYC.
(MC, 4/20/02)
1896 Apr 23, The Vitascope system
for projecting movies onto a screen was demonstrated in New York City.
Motion pictures premiered in New York City. It was developed by Thomas
Armat and C. Francis Jenkins and marketed by Thomas Edison.
(AP, 4/23/97)(HN, 4/23/99)(Sm, 3/06, p.105)
1896 May 26, The Dow Jones
Industrial Average [DJIA] was first published. Charles H. Dow set up an
index of 12 industrial companies that began at 40.94. Of the current 30
stocks in the Dow Jones, only General Electric was in the original
group. The 12 companies included: The American Cotton Oil Company,
American Sugar Refining Company, American Tobacco, Chicago Gas, General
Electric Co., Laclede Gas Light Co., National Lead, North American Co.,
Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad Co., U.S. Leather, U.S. Rubber Co.
(WSJ, 1/8/96, p.C-1)(WSJ, 5/28/96, p.R45)
1896 May 30, 1st car accident
occurred when Henry Wells hit a bicyclist in NYC.
(MC, 5/30/02)
1896 Jun 7, G. Harpo & F.
Samuelson left NY to row the Atlantic. The trip took 54 days.
(SC, 6/7/02)
1896 Jun 9, The New-York Times
Company was created as a reorganization of the New-York Times
Publishing Company. Old stock was converted on a 5 to 1 basis.
(SFEM, 1/16/00, p.20)
1896 Aug 13, The New-York Times
Company under Adolph Ochs purchased the New-York Times Publishing
Company. The control of the New York Times has rested with the
Sulzberger and Ochs clans since this year. Adolph S. Ochs purchased a
failing newspaper and turned it into the prestigious New York Times.
Natives of Chattanooga, Adolph and Milton Ochs later assembled over
2,700 acres along the slopes of Lookout Mountain, site of the Civil War
Battle of Chattanooga, and donated the land for a Nat’l. Park.
(WSJ, 1/22/96, p.A-1)(NH, 8/96, p.78)(HT, 4/97,
p.59) (SFEM, 1/16/00, p.20)
1896 Aug 18, Adolph Ochs (39)
took over the New York Times. He served as publisher until 1935.
(HN, 8/18/00)(SFC, 4/6/01, p.D3)
1896 Aug 19, Adolph Oaks
proclaimed the journalistic principles for the New-York Times: "to give
the news impartially, without fear of favor, regardless of party, sect
or interests involved." He soon launched the "Review of Books and Arts"
and a new "Illustrated Sunday Magazine."
(SFEM, 1/16/00, p.22,23)
1896 Aug 29, The Chinese-American
dish chop suey was invented in New York City by the chef to visiting
Chinese Ambassador Li Hung-chang.
(SFC, 6/9/96, Zone 1 p.2)(SFEC, 1/12/97, zone
3 p.4)(AP, 8/29/97)
1896 Nov 11, Charles "Lucky"
Luciano, NYC Mafia gangster, was born in Sicily.
(MC, 11/11/01)
1896 "Yellow journalism" was named
after the color comic featuring the Yellow Kid that ran in the Hearst
New York Journal and the Pulitzer New York World.
(SFEM, 1/16/00, p.21)
1896 NYC selected William Temple
Hornaday to head a new zoo. It opened in 1899 and Hornaday bred there a
herd of bison.
(ON, 3/02, p.9)
1897 Jan 1, Brooklyn merged with
NY to form the present NYC. [see Jan 1, 1898]
(MC, 1/1/02)
1897 Feb, Adolph Ochs published
for the 1st time his slogan "All the News That's Fit to Print."
(SFEM, 1/16/00, p.23)
1897 Apr 7, Walter Winchell,
American newscaster and newspaper columnist, was born in Harlem, NYC.
(HN, 4/7/97)(MC, 4/7/02)
1897 Jun 15, May Belle Elsas
(d.2003), opera singer and actress, was born in NYC. She changed her
name to Mary Ellis when she joined the Metropolitan Opera at age 18.
(SFC, 2/3/03, p.B4)
1897 Sep 21, The New York Sun ran
its famous editorial that answered a question from 8-year-old Virginia
O'Hanlon: "Is there a Santa Claus?" Francis P. Church wrote, in part:
"Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus. He exists as certainly as love
and generosity and devotion exist, and you know that they abound and
give to your life its highest beauty and joy."
(AP, 9/21/97)
1897 Oct 4, George Bernard Shaw's
"The Devil's Disciple," premiered in NYC.
(MC, 10/4/01)
1897 Oct 24, The first comic strip
appeared in the Sunday color supplement of the New York Journal called
the 'Yellow Kid.' [see May 1895,1896]
(HN, 10/24/00)
1897 Nov 6, Peter Pan opened in
NYC at the Empire Theater.
(MC, 11/6/01)
1897 Dec 12, "The Katzenjammer
Kids," the pioneering comic strip created by Rudolph Dirks, made
its debut in the New York Journal.
(AP, 12/12/97)
1897 Dec 31, Brooklyn, N.Y., spent
its last day as a separate entity before becoming part of New York
City.
(AP, 12/31/97)
1897 Carnegie Hall opened. [see
1891]
(SFEC, 7/4/99, p.T4)
1897 Col. Fred Grant withdrew from
the Board of Police Commissioners as a protest against the methods
employed by the NY police to gain evidence.
(G&M, 7/31/97, p.A2)
1897 Adolph Ochs (1858-1935),
publisher of the New York Times, coined a new motto for the Times
banner: “All the news that’s fit to print.”
(ON, 6/07, p.12)
1897 The first self-propelled cabs
appeared on NYC streets. They were battery powered and required a long
recharge every 25 miles.
(WSJ, 4/6/07, p.W6)
1898 Jan 1, The consolidation of
Greater New York City occurred with the "merger" of Brooklyn and
Manhattan. Before the merger Brooklyn had absorbed Williamsburg,
Bushwick, Flatbush, Flatlands, and New Lots among other towns. The
merger created a city of 3.4 million people. Manhattan, the Bronx,
Brooklyn, Queens and Staten Island were consolidated into New York City.
(WSJ, 12/31/97, p.A10)(AP, 1/1/99)
1898 Jan 7, Art Baker, TV host
(You Asked For It), was born in NYC.
(MC, 1/7/02)
1898 Sep 26, George Gershwin,
American composer, was born as Jacob Gershvin in Brooklyn, N.Y. He
wrote many popular songs for musicals, along with his brother Ira, and
is best known for "I Got Rhythm" and "Rhapsody in Blue." His work
included "An American in Paris." As Gershwin was putting together his
famous "Rhapsody in Blue" in 1924, jazz was gaining widespread
popularity. But Gershwin sought to do something new: "Jazz, they said,
had to be in strict time. It had to cling to dance rhythms. I resolved
to kill that misconception with one sturdy blow." Audiences loved it.
He and his brother Ira collaborated in 1934 to create "Porgy and Bess,"
an opera that explored African-American culture. Many of its songs have
become ingrained in American popular culture. Just a few years later,
when he was only 38, Gershwin died of a brain tumor.
(SFEC, 8/16/98, DB p.37)(AP, 9/26/98)(HNPD, 9/26/99)
1898 Sep 30, The city of NY was
established with five boroughs.
(MC, 9/30/01)
1898 William Entenmann opened his
first bakery in the Flatbush section of Brooklyn, New York. In 1976
Entenmann’s went public.
(http://entenmanns.gwbakeries.com/history.cfm)
1898 Frederick Law Olmsted
(d.1903), the architect of Central Park in NYC, was confined to the
McLean Asylum in Waverly, Mass., for dementia. He had earlier designed
the grounds for the asylum.
(WSJ, 5/21/99, p.W5)
1898 Henry Barnet and Katherine
Adams were murdered with mercuric cyanide. Roland Burnham Molineux
(1866-1917), a Manhattan socialite, was convicted in 1899 and sent to
the Sing Sing death house, but was acquitted at a 2nd trial in 1902,
due to restrictions on evidence. In 2007 Harold Schechter authored “The
Devil’s Gentleman: Privilege, Poison, and the Trial That Ushered in the
Twentieth Century.”
(WSJ, 11/1/07, p.D6)
1899 Jan 17, Notorious gangster Al
Capone was born in Brooklyn, N.Y.
(AP, 1/17/99)
1899 Jan 23, Humphrey Bogart, U.S.
actor was born. He won an Oscar for African Queen and also starred in
Casablanca and The Maltese Falcon. [see Dec 25, 1899]
(HN, 1/23/99)
1899 Jan, William Franklin Miller
(36) began offering an investment return of 10% per week to his
neighbors in Brooklyn. His scheme was exposed after a year by E.L.
Blake, who recognized the swindle after over $2 million was bilked from
tens of thousands. Miller was jailed for 10 years.
(WSJ, 7/23/99, p.A14)
1899 Mar 20, Martha M. Place of
Brooklyn, N.Y., became the first woman to be executed in the electric
chair. She was put to death at Sing Sing for the murder of her
stepdaughter.
(AP, 3/20/99)
1899 Jul 7, George Cukor (d.1983),
film director, was born in New York City.
(AP, 7/7/99)(MC, 7/7/02)
1899 Sep 13, Henry H. Bliss became
the first person killed by an automobile, an electric taxi in
Manhattan.
(SFC, 10/10/97, p.A21)
1899 Dec 25, Humphrey Bogart,
actor ("Here's looking at you, kid" in Casablanca), was born in NYC.
[see Jan 23, 1899]
(MC, 12/25/01)
1899 Dec 30, The New York Times
listed the most significant advances of the Industrial Revolution. 1st
item on the list was friction matches (1827).
(SFEC, 8/13/00, Z1 p.2)
1899 Oscar Hammerstein opened the
Victoria Theater in Times Square. It was later known as the original
Broadway theater.
(WSJ, 3/19/04, p.W2)
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