Timeline Chad

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 Dinar: http://www.sas.upenn.edu/African_Studies/Country_Specific/Chad.html
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 North central Africa, north of CAR, west of Sudan, south of Libya. The capital is N'Djamena (Ndjamena).
 (WSJ, 1/2/98, p.8)(SFC, 11/23/00, p.D5)
7Mil BC-6Mil BC    In 2002 scientists reported a hominid species found in the Djurab desert, Sahel region of northern Chad that date to this time. They named the group Sahelanthropus tchadensis (with the nickname Toumaï, “hope of life” in the Goran language).
    (SFC, 7/11/02, p.A1)(WSJ, 7/11/02, p.B1)

3.5Mil BC-3 Mil BC    On Jan 23, 1995, a French team of paleontologists led by Michel Brunet discovered a lower jaw with 7 teeth and a separate canine of a hominid from this time period. The discovery was made in a dried lake bed of central Chad and named Australopithecus bahrelghazalia after the Arab name of a nearby river.
    (SFC, 5/23/96, p.A14)

1910        French Equatorial Africa was a former administrative grouping of four French territories in west central Africa. It was first formed by the federation of 3 French imperial colonies: Gabon, Middle Congo, and Ubangi-Shari-Chad. It comprised a total area of 969,112 square miles (2,500,000 sq km). Chad was separated from Ubangi-Shari in 1920 to form a fourth colony.
    (www.discoverfrance.net)

1920        Chad was separated from Ubangi-Shari to form a 4th colony of French Equatorial Africa.
    (www.discoverfrance.net)

1934        French Equatorial Africa was transformed into a unified territory of France. In 1946 it was re-divided into four separate overseas territories.
    (www.discoverfrance.net)

1958        Nov 28, Chad, Gabon and Middle Congo, became autonomous republics within the French community. The Middle Congo province of French Equatorial Africa voted to proclaim itself independent as the Congo Republic (Brazzaville).
    (AP, 11/28/97)

1960        Aug 11, Chad became independent from France, but remained within the French community. Francois Tombalbaye became the 1st president.
    (PC, 1992, p.973)(EWH, 1st ed., p.1173)

1974        Oil was discovered in Chad.
    (WSJ, 6/24/03, p.A9)

1975        Abdelkader Wadal Kamougue, a southern Chad leader, led a coup.
    (SFC, 7/12/96, p.A1)

1982        Jun 7, Hissene Habre (b.1942) deposed PM Goukouni Oueddei and became dictator of Chad until 1990. Under Habre the secret police allegedly killed tens of thousands of people and tortured as many as 200,000. Habre received US support because he opposed Libyan leader Moammar Khadafy. Habre was deposed on Dec 1, 1990, by Idriss Deby and fled to Senegal with $11 million.
    (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiss%C3%A8ne_Habr%C3%A9)(WSJ, 5/31/00, p.A26)

1987        France ousted Libyan troops from a disputed area of northern Chad. In the proxy war, code-named Arid Farmer, France and the US backed government forces against Libyan troops.
    (SFC, 6/22/99, p.A12)(WSJ, 2/11/03, p.D8)

1990         Nov, In Chad Idriss Deby (37), a guerilla chief, seized power in a coup. His Zaghawa tribe came to dominate the government and was widely opposed by other Chadians from other regions.
    (www.atlapedia.com/online/countries/chad.htm)(Econ, 3/4/06, p.42)

1990        Dec 1, Hissene Habre (b.1942), dictator of Chad, was deposed by Idriss Deby and fled to Senegal with $11 million.
    (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiss%C3%A8ne_Habr%C3%A9)(WSJ, 5/31/00, p.A26)

1991        The French supported strongman in Chad was removed from office.
    (WSJ, 1/24/97, p.A14)

1992        A commission set up in Chad accused Habre's regime of 40,000 political killings and 200,000 cases of torture.
    (AP, 11/25/05)

1992        Hissene Habre fled to Senegal from Chad with $11 million in loot.
    (WSJ, 5/31/00, p.A26)

1994        Oil in Chad was estimated to be at least 1 million barrels.
    (WSJ, 6/24/03, p.A9)

1995        Laurent Pope, former US ambassador to Chad, admitted that half of the $300 million in assistance provided by the US (Agency for Int’l. Development) since 1982 was wasted.
    (WSJ, 1/2/98, p.8)

1996        Jun 3, In Chad Pres. Idriss Deby led 15 candidates in the upcoming first multiparty elections.
    (WSJ, 8/8/95, p. A1)

1996        Jul 3, Idriss Deby won 70% of the vote. He defeated Abdelkader Wadal Kamougue, a southern leader who led coup in 1975. The election was widely seen as flawed.
    (SFC, 7/12/96, p.A1)(WSJ, 5/29/01, p.A1)

1996        The life expectancy for women in Chad was 40 years.
    (SFC, 5/6/96, p.A-4)

1997        Aug, A plague of locusts began to spread across southwest Chad with as many as 200 locusts per square yard.
    (SFC, 9/27/97, p.A21)

1998        Aug, Troops from Chad were sent to support Kabila in the Congo.
    (SFC, 10/15/98, p.A15)

1998        Dec, Chad's parliament passed into law an agreement for strict auditing of its oil income.
    (WSJ, 6/24/03, p.A9)

2000        Jan 25, A complaint was submitted in Dakar, Senegal, against former Chad dictator Hissene Habre. It detailed 97 allegations of political killings, 142 cases of torture and 100 disappearances. Habre was indicted on Feb 3.
    (SFC, 1/27/00, p.C2)(SFC, 2/4/00, p.D8)

2000        Feb, A Senegalese court indicted Hissene Habre, the former autocrat of Chad.
    (WSJ, 5/31/00, p.A26)

2000        May, Chad received a $25 million bonus from the oil consortium’s junior partners, Chevron and Petronas of Malaysia, in the new pipeline deal.
    (SFC, 12/6/00, p.C20)

2000        Jun 6, The World Bank approved a $3.7 billion oil well and pipeline project led by Exxon and Mobile to link oil fields in Chad across 663 miles to the Atlantic coast of Cameroon.
    (SFC, 6/7/00, p.A12)

2000        Oct 18, The World Bank endorsed a $3.5 billion oil project in Chad with 80% of the revenues to go to development. 10% was to be invested for future generations. The pipeline was to go from southern Chad to an Atlantic port in Cameroon. By 2008 rather than comply with the bank’s strictures, Chad had repaid its loans in full and spent its oil money as it pleased.
    (SFC, 11/23/00, p.D5)(Econ, 9/27/08, p.63)

2000        Nov 23, It was reported that $4 million of a $25 million bonus payment from the new oil project was used by the Chad government to buy weapons.
    (SFC, 11/23/00, p.D5)(SFC, 12/6/00, p.C20)

2001        Mar 20, Senegal’s highest court said that it has no authority to prosecute Hissene Habre, Chad’s former president, on charges of torture.
    (SFC, 3/21/01, p.A14)

2001        Apr 12, A trailer truck carrying some 100 passengers went off the Chagoua Bridge and plunged into the Chari River near the Chad capital of N’Djamena. Most were missing and feared dead.
    (SFC, 4/14/01, p.A10)

2001        May 20, Chad held elections and Pres. Deby was later declared the winner. Police had detained 6 opposition candidates and beat dozens of their supporters.
    (WSJ, 5/29/01, p.A1)

2001        Jul 19, Scientists in Chad found fossils in the Djurab desert of a human ancestor that they later dated to 6-7 million years BP. In 2002 they named the group Sahelanthropus tchadensis (with the nickname Toumaï, “hope of life” in the Goran language).
    (NW, 7/22/02, p.46)

2002        Sep 24, Youssouf Togoimi, rebel head of the Movement for Democracy and Justice in Chad and a former minister in the government of President Idriss Deby, died from wounds suffered after his vehicle struck a land mine Aug 28. Togoimi died in a hospital in neighboring Libya where he was flown for treatment.
    (AP, 9/26/02)

2003        Jul 15, Chad began pumping oil to Cameroon, part of a project to help alleviate crushing poverty in the two countries. The 4.2 billion project was funded by the World Bank on the condition that the oil money be used for development. Pres. Idris Deby later diverted the money to the general budget and for weapons.
    (AP, 7/16/03)(SFC, 12/21/07, p.A31)

2003        Sep, Refugee numbers in Chad reach 65,000. UN agencies estimate at least 500,000 people in Darfur need humanitarian aid.
    (www.un.org/News/dh/dev/scripts/darfur_formatted.htm)

2003        Oct 3, The first tanker set off the Cameroon port of Kribi with crude oil from a massive $3.7 billion, 665-mile pipeline from the landlocked nation of Chad.
    (AP, 10/6/03)

2003        Dec 14, Chad's government signed a cease-fire with rebel forces at the end of talks in Burkina Faso.
    (AP, 12/14/03)

2003        Chad’s population was about 8 million.
    (SFC, 11/23/00, p.D5)

2004        Jan 26, Sudanese planes dropped bombs in western Sudan, sending hundreds of people fleeing across the border into Chad where aid workers scrambled to provide them food and shelter in the barren desert.
    (AP, 1/27/04)

2004        Feb 17, UN agencies began urgently airlifting relief supplies into eastern Chad and western Sudan to help more than 600,000 Sudanese lacking food, water and medical supplies because of fighting.
    (AP, 2/17/04)

2004        Mar 9, In Chad 2 days of fighting broke out as the army battled Islamic militants near a remote village on the country's western border with Niger, killing 43 "terrorists" of a group suspected of links with al-Qaida. Chad’s defense minister said hundreds of Arab militiamen from Sudan had raided a village inside Chad, setting off gun battles with the army that killed dozens of fighters.
    (AP, 3/12/04)(AP, 5/9/04)

2004        Mar 18, A rebel group in Chad captured Amari Saifi, one of North Africa's most notorious terrorists, along with 9 others. Saifi is and an Algerian extremist suspected in the hostage-taking of 32 European tourists last year.
    (AP, 5/14/04)

2004        Jun 12, Central African leaders of Chad and Cameroon officially opened the taps on one of the largest private investments in sub-Saharan Africa, a 663-mile, $3.7 billion pipeline snaking from Chad through virgin rain forests to the Atlantic.
    (AP, 6/12/04)

2004        Jun 17, A Chad military official said Arab militias, known as Janjawids, fought Chadian troops in Birak, a locality inside Chad about 10 miles (six kilometers) from the border with western Sudan. 69 Janjawids militiamen were killed and two taken prisoner in the fighting. He did not give figures for any losses among Chadian troops.
    (AP, 6/17/04)

2004        Jul 10, Sudan, under international pressure to take action to end the humanitarian crisis in Darfur, agreed with Chad to deploy a joint force along their troubled border.
    (AFP, 7/11/04)

2004        Aug 14, Africa’s worst desert locust plague in 15 years continued across Chad.
    (SFC, 8/14/04, p.C8)

2004        US Special Forces began training local troops in Mauritania and Mali under a program called the Pan-Sahel Initiative. The program was renamed the Trans-Sahara Counter-Terrorism Initiative and taken over by Marines, who extended the training to Chad and Niger.
    (SFC, 10/2/04, p.A8)

2005        Jun, The Trans-Sahara Counter-Terrorism Initiative began operations. The US funded plan intended to provide military equipment and development aid to 9 north-east African countries considered fertile ground for Muslim militant groups. Participating countries included Algeria, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, and Tunisia.
    (SFC, 12/27/05, p.A1)

2005        Sep 19, Belgium issued an international arrest warrant for Chad's former leader Hissene Habre, charging him with atrocities during his 1982-90 rule. Habre, who lives in exile in Senegal, is being pursued under Belgium's "universal jurisdiction" laws, which allow for prosecutions for crimes against humanity wherever they were committed.
    (AP, 9/29/05)

2005        Oct 18, Transparency International ranked Bangladesh and Chad as the most corrupt on an annual list of corruption levels in 159 nations. At the other end of the scale, Iceland was ranked least corrupt. Turkmenistan, Myanmar, Haiti, Nigeria, Equatorial Guinea, the Ivory Coast and Angola joined Chad and Bangladesh as the most corrupt countries.
    (AP, 10/18/05)

2005        Oct, The government of Chad said it intends to amend a law governing petrodollars so it can use a larger chunk for any purpose it likes.
    (SFC, 12/30/05, p.C2)

2005        Nov 25, Hissene Habre, Chad's former dictator, was freed after a Senegalese court said it had no jurisdiction to rule on his extradition to Belgium to stand trial for war crimes.
    (AP, 11/25/05)

2005        Nov 27, Senegal's foreign minister said the African Union will decide the fate of Chad's former dictator, wanted in Belgium for trial on human-rights abuses allegedly committed during his regime.
    (AP, 11/28/05)

2005        Dec 8, Paul Wolfowitz, head of the World Bank, issued a statement to Chad expressing serious concerns about proposed changes to the use of petrodollars.
    (SFC, 12/30/05, p.C2)

2005        Dec 18, Chad blamed its neighbor Sudan for a rebel raid on an eastern garrison and announced it was exercising its right to pursue the attackers on Sudanese soil. A spokesman said an early morning attack on Adre's garrison was mounted by army deserters allied with a recently formed rebel group called the Rally for Democracy and Liberty (RDL), which Chad accuses of being a "militia used by the Sudanese government."
    (AP, 12/18/05)

2005        Dec 19, Chad's army said its forces had killed about 300 rebels after they launched a failed offensive on a border town in one of the worst attacks in an escalating conflict. Chad's foreign minister said the troops then chased the rebels into Sudan and destroyed their bases across the border.
    (AP, 12/19/05)

2006        Jan 4, Chad's President Idriss Deby urged the UN to take control of Sudan's volatile Darfur region because he said Khartoum was using the conflict there to destabilize neighboring states.
    (Reuters, 1/4/06)

2006        Jan 7, The World Bank under Paul Wolfowitz halted all lending to Chad saying the country broke a deal to use oil money to cut poverty.
    (WSJ, 1/7/06, p.A1)(Econ, 3/4/06, p.69)

2006        Feb 8, In Libya the leaders of Sudan and Chad signed a peace agreement to end increasing tension over Sudan's Darfur region, pledging to normalize diplomatic relations and deny refuge to each other's rebel groups. A communique issued by Sudan, Chad and Libya, as well as Burkino Faso, Congo and the Central African Republic, whose leaders attended the talks, said a committee of African countries overseen by Libya would monitor the implementation of the deal.
    (AP, 2/9/06)

2006        Feb 13, Joey Cheek (26), American speedskater, won a gold medal in the 500-meter sprint in Turin, Italy, and announced that he would donate his $25,000 award from the US Olympic Committee to a refugee program in Chad.
    (SFC, 2/14/06, p.A1)

2006        Apr 12-2006 Apr 13, Sudanese Janjaweed militia with local Chadian recruits shot or hacked to death 118 villagers in eastern Chad in a bloody spillover of violence from Sudan's Darfur region.
    (Reuters, 5/25/06)

2006        Apr 13, In Chad government troops using tanks and attack helicopters repelled a rebel assault on N’Djamena, Chad's capital. At least 100 rebels were killed. President Deby went on state-run radio to assure residents he remained in control, and he blamed Sudan, whose Darfur crisis has spilled over into his country.
    (AP, 4/13/06)(Econ, 4/22/06, p.50)

2006        Apr 14, Chad broke off diplomatic relations with Sudan and threatened to expel 200,000 Sudanese refugees, blaming its neighbor for a rebel attack that killed 350 in the capital.
    (AP, 4/14/06)

2006        Apr 15, Chad threatened to cut off its flow of oil unless the World Bank releases $125 million frozen in a dispute over how the central African country should spend its oil revenues.
    (AP, 4/15/06)

2006        Apr 16, Chad's Pres. Deby promised the UN that refugees from Sudan's Darfur region will not be forcibly returned.
    (AP, 4/17/06)

2006        May 3, Chadians voted for president despite no real alternatives to incumbent Idriss Deby, who rebuffed calls to delay the election in this emerging African oil exporter in favor of peace talks with rebels.
    (AP, 5/3/06)

2006        Jun 11, A military transport plane crashed as it tried to land at an unlit airport at night in Chad's main eastern city, killing five people. Chad rebels claimed that they shot the C-130 military plane down at Abeche airport.
    (AP, 6/12/06)

2006        Jun 16, A joint UN and African Union delegation met Chadian President Idriss Deby to discuss the possible deployment of UN troops in Sudan's war-ravaged western Darfur region.
    (AFP, 6/16/06)

2006        Jun 20, Chad accused Sudan of cross-border attacks and urged the Security Council to meet over its neighbor's alleged "aggression and destabilization."
    (AP, 6/20/06)

2006        Jun 26, An attack on an army camp in the Central African Republic (CAR) resulted in 33 deaths. The provisional toll included 11 CAR soldiers, two Chadian soldiers from the multinational force FOMUC and 20 attackers.
    (AFP, 6/27/06)

2006        Jul 2, Senegal's President Abdoulaye Wade said his country would try Chad's former leader Hissene Habre, wanted by Belgium for trial on charges of war crimes and crimes against humanity.
    (AFP, 7/2/06)

2006        Jul 14, The World Bank said it and Chad had resolved a dispute over oil revenues that will result in significant increases in government spending on projects that benefit the poor.
    (AP, 7/14/06)

2006        Aug 6, Taiwan condemned China after oil producer Chad switched diplomatic ties to Beijing from Taipei, forcing Premier Su Tseng-chang to scrap his plans to visit the African nation at the last minute.
    (Reuters, 8/6/06)

2006        Aug 8, Chad and Sudan agreed to reopen their borders and resume diplomatic relations that they severed in a dispute four months ago.
    (AP, 8/9/06)

2006        Aug 26, Chad ordered US energy giant Chevron and Malaysia's Petronas to leave the country within 24 hours for failing to honor tax obligations, a move apparently aimed at increasing control over its oil output. Chad's president Idriss Deby suspended the oil minister and two other Cabinet members who negotiated deals with the two foreign oil firms.
    (AP, 8/27/06)

2006        Aug 30, Conservationists said the remains of 100 African elephants killed for their tusks have been found in Chad not far from Sudan's troubled Darfur region.
    (AP, 8/31/06)

2006        Sep 1, In Chad US Senator Barack Obama held talks with President Idriss Deby Itno on the crisis in Sudan's Darfur region and on Chad's oil production, on the final stop of the African-American politician's tour of the continent.
    (AP, 9/1/06)

2006        Sep 7, Chad Pres. Idriss Deby and Chevron CEO David O’Reilly met in Paris for talks on oil taxes. Chad said Chevron agreed to pay back taxes.
    (SFC, 9/9/06, p.C1)

2006        Oct 7, Sudanese soldiers crossed the border into eastern Chad to fight a group of Darfur rebels, leaving more than 300 people injured.
    (AP, 10/8/06)

2006        Oct 18, Local and UN officials said Sudanese Janjaweed militia and Chadian rebels have attacked at least 10 villages in south-east Chad in the past fortnight, killing over 100 people and displacing more than 3,000.
    (Reuters, 10/18/06)

2006        Oct 23, In southeastern Chad armed men attacked Am Timan, 24 hours after briefly seizing the town of Goz Beida near the Sudan border. The insurgents, calling themselves the Union of Forces for Democracy and Development (UFDD), the latest in a string of titles grouping various rebel factions, have said they want polls to end the "catastrophic" rule of President Idriss Deby.
    (Reuters, 10/24/06)

2006        Oct 27, The UN said it is sending a mission to Chad and the Central African Republic to look at operations to curb the escalating violence and help protect hundreds of thousands of civilians.
    (AP, 10/28/06)

2006        Oct 28, Chad accused Sudan's air force of bombarding four towns along its eastern frontier and said its armed forces were ready to repel further aggression.
    (Reuters, 10/28/06)

2006        Oct 31, A small clash between ethnic Arab and ethnic African villagers along Chad's border with Darfur escalated into a large-scale attack in which Arabs killed 128 Africans. The fight broke out in Amtiman in southeastern Chad between two small groups after a member of one group insulted the other.
    (AP, 11/7/06)

2006        Nov 2, Senegal moved closer to bringing Hissene Habre, a former Chadian dictator accused of war crimes, to justice after the government announced that local laws would be revised and a special commission formed to organize and oversee his trial.
    (AP, 11/3/06)

2006        Nov 13, Chad declared a state of emergency in three eastern regions where ethnic clashes have left as many as 200 people dead and raised fears that Sudan's Darfur conflict is spilling across the border.
    (AP, 11/14/06)

2006        Nov 18, Gabonese President Omar Bongo said in a statement that the Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC) had "acceded to a request from the Central African Republic authorities to intervene in securing conflict zones." CEMAC's members include the Central African Republic, Chad, Gabon, Congo, Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea.
    (AFP, 11/18/06)

2006        Nov 24, Chadian rebels rolled into the east of the country in their second offensive within a month against President Idriss Deby Itno. Chad extended a state of emergency for six months in the country's eastern provinces, where ethnic clashes have killed as many as 400 people and raised fears that Sudan's Darfur conflict is spilling across the border.
    (AP, 11/24/06)

2006        Nov 25, In eastern Chad fighting broke out between the national army and rebels, and rebels claimed they had seized the major city in the area.
    (AP, 11/25/06)

2006        Nov 26, In eastern Chad government forces entered Abeche, one day after rebels launched an attack and claimed to have seized the town.
    (AP, 11/26/06)

2006        Nov 28, A Chadian military reconnaissance plane was shot down in eastern Chad in an attack likely carried out by rebels.
    (AP, 11/28/06)

2006        Dec 1, Amnesty International accused the government of Chad of failing to act as Janjaweed militia carry out increasing attacks on civilians.
    (AFP, 12/1/06)

2006        Dec 6, In Chad an association of radio broadcasters said private radio stations began a three-day protest of government censorship of their reporting on Chad's volatile east.
    (AP, 12/6/06)

2006        Dec 17, In eastern Chad marauding fighters killed and mutilated 20 civilians. The  government blamed the atrocities on militias backed by neighbouring Sudan. Government forces who battled the attackers after their raids on the refugee camp and two other nearby villages also saw eight of their soldiers killed and the victims' eyes gouged out. The army killed nine fighters in return and took four prisoners.
    (AFP, 12/19/06)

2006        Dec 24, Chad's president and the leader of a rebel faction that tried to oust him earlier this year signed a peace accord in Libya, but other Chadian insurgents dismissed the deal and vowed to fight on.
    (Reuters, 12/24/06)

2006        Dec 25, Chad's President Idriss Deby Itno and rebel leader Mahamat Nour Abdulkerim arrived in N'Djamena after signing a peace deal in Libya. One of the current rebel leaders, Timane Erdimi, dismissed the significance of the deal with Nour's FUC, some of whose men went off to join a coalition led by the Rally of Democratic Forces (RAFD) headed by Erdimi and his twin brother Tom. Deby's government is also up against the Union of Forces for Democracy and Development (UFDD), led by former defense minister Mahamat Nouri, and the Chadian National Concord movement led by Hassan Saleh al-Djinedi.
    (AFP, 12/25/06)

2006        France used Chad’s airspace to train fighter pilots and maintained a military presence in the eastern part of the country.
    (Econ, 11/11/06, p.54)

2007        Jan 15, Anti-government rebels in Chad said they have captured a new location in the far north of the central African country after ending a truce at the weekend. Chadian defense minister, General Bichara Issa Djadallah, denied the rebel claim.
    (AFP, 1/15/07)

2007        Jan 17, Chadian rebels captured the small town of Ade on the border with Sudan, the latest in a series of raids in the lawless east of the central African country.
    (AP, 1/17/07)

2007        Jan 24, A hijacker seized a Sudanese passenger plane carrying 103 people and forced the pilot to fly to the Chadian capital, N'Djamena, where he surrendered. The gunman wanted the plane to be flown to Britain but when told there was insufficient fuel agreed to go to the capital of neighbouring Chad. He said he wanted to draw attention to the Darfur conflict.
    (AP, 1/24/07)

2007        Feb 1, Chadian rebels fighting to overthrow President Idriss Deby attacked the eastern border town of Adre on the main road route into Sudan's Darfur region.
    (AP, 2/1/07)

2007        Feb 15, A summit of African leaders opened in Cannes on the French Riviera. The crisis in Darfur and violence in Guinea overshadowed the summit, as well as perennial issues of poverty, development and AIDS. France won agreement from three involved African nations (Sudan, Chad and Central African Republic) that they would not support armed rebel movements on each other's territories.
    (AP, 2/15/07)(AP, 2/15/07)

2007        Feb 21, At a regional meeting in Libya the leaders of Sudan and Chad said they agreed to redouble efforts to end violence spilling over their border from Darfur.
    (Reuters, 2/21/07)

2007        Feb 23, Chadian PM Pascal Yoadimnadji (56) died at a Paris hospital following a brain hemorrhage.
    (AP, 2/23/07)

2007        Feb 28, Djidda Moussa Outman, Chad's minister of foreign affairs, said that Chad had never accepted the idea of a military force of "whatever nature" on its eastern border.
    (AP, 3/1/07)

2007        Mar 4, Chad named the former rebel leader Mahamat Nour Abdelkerim as its new defense minister in a major reshuffle of the volatile central African country's government.
    (AFP, 3/4/07)

2007        Mar 6, The government of Chad refused to allow the UN to send an advance mission to prepare for the possible deployment of UN peacekeepers, a setback to plans to help thousands of civilians caught in the spillover of the Darfur conflict in neighboring Sudan.
    (AP, 3/7/07)

2007        Mar 31, Janjaweed militiamen killed up to 400 people in the volatile eastern border region near Sudan, leaving an "apocalyptic" scene of mass graves and destruction. Chadian officials initially said 65 people had died, but added that the toll was sure to rise.
    (AP, 4/10/07)

2007        Apr 10, South African President Thabo Mbeki arrived in Khartoum to join the international push for UN peacekeepers in Darfur, amid fears of a regional spillover after clashes between Sudan and Chad. Officials said the UN, the African Union and the Sudanese government have reached agreement to beef up the African force in Sudan's violence-wracked Darfur region with UN troops, police and equipment.
    (AP, 4/10/07)

2007        Apr 26, Six central African countries (Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, Chad, Central African Republic, Cameroon and Congo) plan to launch a common passport in July, permitting the free movement of goods and people across their borders.
    (AFP, 4/26/07)

2007        May 3, African neighbors Sudan and Chad signed a Saudi-brokered reconciliation deal in Saudi Arabia, requiring both sides to cooperate with the United Nations to stabilize Darfur and the adjacent region in Chad.
    (AP, 5/3/07)

2007        May 4, A rebel spokesman said a Saudi-brokered reconciliation deal signed by Chad with its neighbor Sudan will not halt a guerrilla war by Chadian rebels aimed at toppling President Idriss Deby.
    (Reuters, 5/4/07)

2007        May 9, Chad pledged to work to demobilize hundreds of child soldiers fighting in the ranks of the government army and rebel groups across the conflict-torn central African country.
    (Reuters, 5/9/07)

2007        Jun 3, In Libya African leaders sought to reconcile differences between neighbors Chad and Sudan over Darfur and boost Somalia's embattled transitional government at a regional summit.
    (AFP, 6/3/07)

2007        Jul 2, Brahim Deby (27), the son of Chad's president, was found dead with a head wound in the basement of his apartment building in a Paris suburb. Authorities treated the case as a murder investigation.
    (AP, 7/2/07)

2007        Jul 23, The European Union took the first step towards sending forces to Chad and the Central African Republican to help the United Nations protect refugees trapped in the violent region bordering Darfur.
    (AP, 7/23/07)

2007        Aug 23, The government of Chad said it will adhere to a program designed to put pressure on countries to be open about revenues from exports of oil, natural gas and minerals.
    (AP, 8/23/07)

2007        Sep 7, UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon arrived in Chad for talks with President Idriss Deby Itno on the Darfur crisis in neighbouring Sudan, and the plight of refugees who have fled to his country.
    (AP, 9/7/07)

2007        Sep 25, The UN Security Council unanimously passed a French resolution endorsing sending a European Union-UN force to Chad and the Central African Republic to protect civilians reeling from a spillover of the Darfur conflict.
    (AP, 9/25/07)

2007        Oct 15, European Union foreign ministers gave their final approval to deploy a 3,000-strong EU peacekeeping force for one year to help refugees and displaced people living along Darfur's borders with Chad and the Central African Republic.
    {EU, Sudan, Chad, CAR}
    (AP, 10/15/07)

2007        Oct 16,     Chad's government declared a state of emergency along its eastern border with Sudan's Darfur and in its remote desert north to tackle a fresh flare-up of ethnic violence that killed at least 20 people.
    (AP, 10/16/07)

2007        Oct 25, In Chad 9 French citizens were arrested after a group tried to fly 103 African children to France, saying it wanted to save them from the crisis in neighboring Darfur. On Oct 29 six French nationals were charged with kidnapping and a judge in the eastern city of Abeche also agreed to allow prosecution charges of complicity against three French journalists.
    (AP, 10/26/07)(AP, 10/30/07)

2007        Oct 28, Authorities in Chad charged six French charity workers with kidnapping after they tried to put 103 children on a plane to France, claiming they were orphans from Sudan's conflict-wracked Darfur region. The charity workers were later convicted, jailed for several months, then pardoned.
    (AP, 10/29/08)

2007        Nov 4, In Chad 3 French journalists and 4 Spanish flight attendants, among 17 detained for over a week in an alleged attempt to kidnap 103 African children, were released. French President Nicolas Sarkozy arrived in Chad on a visit to discuss the fate of Europeans facing charges for trying to fly 103 African children to Europe.
    (AP, 11/4/07)(Reuters, 11/4/07)

2007        Nov 9, A Belgian pilot and three Spanish flight crew were set free by authorities in Chad who had accused them of complicity in a plot to kidnap 103 children and take them to France for adoption.
    (AP, 11/9/07)

2007        Nov 26, In eastern Chad rebels and government soldiers fought gunbattles near the border with Sudan's Darfur region after two rebel groups ended a month-long ceasefire. A rebel group, Union of Forces for Development and Democracy, claimed to have killed over 200 government soldiers with 20 of its fighters lost.
    (Reuters, 11/26/07)(AP, 11/27/07)(SFC, 11/27/07, p.A17)

2007        Nov 29, In eastern Chad new fighting erupted near the border with Sudan's strife-torn Darfur region between the army and a leading rebel group.
    (AP, 11/29/07)

2007        Nov 30, In Chad anti-government rebels declared a "state of war" against French and foreign military forces in an apparent warning to an EU peacekeeping force that plans to deploy soon in eastern Chad.
    (Reuters, 11/30/07)

2007        Dec 4, The Chadian army fought heavy battles against rebel forces in the east of the country near the border with Sudan's troubled Darfur region.
    (AFP, 12/4/07)

2007        Dec 7, Six French nationals detained in Chad on suspicion of trying to illegally fly 103 children to Europe started a hunger strike, complaining their case was being neglected.
    (Reuters, 12/8/07)

2007        Dec 26, A Chadian court convicted six French aid workers of trying to kidnap 103 African children and sentenced them to eight years of forced labor. The French Foreign Ministry in Paris said it would ask Chadian authorities to transfer the six convicted to France. The countries have a bilateral judicial agreement that could allow for such a transfer.
    (AP, 12/26/07)

2007        Dec 28, In Chad 6 French aid workers sentenced to eight years' forced labor for trying to kidnap 103 children left for France, boarding a plane in handcuffs as security officers looked on.
    (AP, 12/28/07)

2007        Dec 29, Sudan accused Chadian aircraft of bombing its western Darfur region in what it called "repeated aggressions" by its western neighbor. a Sudanese foreign ministry statement said 3 Chadian war planes bombed two areas in West Darfur on December 28.
    (AFP, 12/30/07)

2008        Jan 7, Chadian air force planes attacked a Chadian rebel base across the border, southwest of El-Geneina in the Darfur region of Sudan.
    (AP, 1/7/08)

2008        Jan 11, Belgium, France and Poland pledged to provide the resources needed to launch a European Union peacekeeping force for Chad and the Central African Republic.
    (AP, 1/11/08)

2008        Jan 28, The EU launched its long-awaited peacekeeping force for Chad and the Central African Republic to help protect hundreds of thousands of refugees from strife-torn Darfur.
    (AFP, 1/28/08)
2008        Jan 28, A French court sentenced six French charity workers to 8 years in prison, after they were convicted in Chad of trying to kidnap 103 children they said were orphans from Darfur.
    (AP, 1/28/08)

2008        Feb 1, Chad's army fought to drive off rebels who pushed to within 100 km (60 miles) of the capital N'Djamena and the clashes delayed the deployment of European peacekeepers. A French Defense Ministry official said France has sent about 150 supplementary troops to Chad as a "precautionary measure" in response to a rebel offensive.
    (AP, 2/1/08)
2008        Feb 1, In Ethiopia a summit of African Union leaders shifted its attention from the crisis in Kenya to Chad, with delegates voicing fears of a major conflict that could scupper peace efforts in Sudan.
    (AP, 2/1/08)

2008        Feb 2, African Union leaders condemned the latest unrest in Chad and Kenya at the close of a summit overshadowed by new crises on the continent and which saw little headway achieved on older ones. Hundreds of rebels penetrated the capital of Chad, clashing with government troops and moving on the presidential palace after a three-day advance through the oil-producing central African nation.
    (AFP, 2/2/08)(AP, 2/2/08)

2008        Feb 3, Chadian forces backed by tanks and helicopter gunships struggled to repel a rebel assault on the capital, and insurgents claimed to have trapped the president in his palace. Chadian rebels, reportedly backed by Sudanese military aircraft, launched an attack on the eastern town of Adre, which borders on Sudan's Darfur region.
    (AP, 2/3/08)(AFP, 2/3/08)

2008        Feb 4, In Chad government forces and rebels clashed for a third day in the capital of N'Djamena with gunfire and shelling heard throughout the city.
    (AP, 2/4/08)

2008        Feb 7, Chadian President Idriss Deby Itno issued a "solemn call" for a European peacekeeping force for Darfur refugees, to deploy as soon as possible. The president also said he was "ready to pardon" six French aid workers convicted in December of trying to kidnap more than 100 children they said were orphans from Darfur.
    (AP, 2/7/08)(AFP, 2/7/08)

2008        Feb 10, The UN refugee agency said up to 12,000 "terrified" refugees from Sudan's Darfur region have fled across the border to neighboring Chad after the latest air strikes by the Sudanese military and thousands more may be on their way.
    (AP, 2/10/08)

2008        Feb 11, Chad's PM Nouradin Koumakoye demanded that the international community remove refugees who have fled to Chad from Sudan's Darfur region.
    (AP, 2/11/08)

2008        Feb 14, Chad's Pres. Idriss Deby declared a state of emergency and signed a decree increasing government powers for 15 days.
    (SFC, 2/15/08, p.A12)

2008        Feb 29, The UN refugee agency said that 3,000 refugees from Darfur have arrived in Chad in the last week, bringing the total number to over 13,000 in February alone.
    (AFP, 2/29/08)

2008        Mar 4, France pinned the blame on Sudanese forces for a shooting near the border with Chad that left one French soldier wounded and another missing and asked Sudanese authorities for help in locating the missing soldier. Sgt. Gilles Pollin’s remains were formally identified Mar 7 and flown to Paris from Khartoum.
    (AP, 3/4/08)(AP, 3/7/08)

2008        Mar 13, Chad accused Sudan of sending anti-government rebels across their border into its territory as international mediators struggled to broker a fresh peace accord between the two neighbors. The presidents of Chad and Sudan signed a non-aggression pact, vowing not to support rebel attacks against each other, many of which were launched from troubled Darfur.
    (AP, 3/13/08)(AFP, 3/14/08)

2008        Mar 17, An EU force of 3,700 troops still deploying in Chad and the Central African Republic (CAR) announced the official start of its year-long mission to protect refugees and displaced people. The EU force in Chad was known as EUFOR, and the UN Mission there and the CAR was called MINURCAT.
    (AFP, 3/17/08)(Econ, 5/31/08, p.52)

2008        Mar 31, Chad's state radio announced that the president has pardoned six French aid workers convicted of kidnapping 103 children.
    (AP, 3/31/08)

2008        Apr 2, Chad's main rebel group urged former colonial ruler France to stop backing President Idriss Deby Itno and cease flying over rebel positions in the central African nation's restive east.
    (AP, 4/2/08)

2008        May 1, Pascal Marlinge, the country head of Save the Children UK in Chad, was shot dead by gunmen who held up his three-car convoy between the villages of Forchana and Hadjer Hadid, not far from the border with Sudan's Darfur region. UN aid agencies suspended all but their most urgent work in eastern Chad for two days in a "symbolic protest."
    (Reuters, 5/2/08)

2008        May 10, Sudanese soldiers clashed with Darfur rebels of the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) in the north of the capital Khartoum where a curfew has now been imposed. Officials later said more that 200 people were killed in the weekend fighting. The rebels had traveled from Chad in 191 land cruisers and pick-up trucks. On May 27 an official Egyptian newspaper claimed that Sudanese forces searching the rebel JEM movement found modern Iranian weapons with them and that authorities had seized large amounts of ammunition and Iranian equipment.
    (AFP, 5/10/08)(AP, 5/13/08)(Econ, 5/17/08, p.59)(AFP, 5/27/08)

2008        May 11, Sudan severed diplomatic ties with Chad, accusing its neighbor of backing a first ever Darfur rebel assault on Khartoum, and partly lifted a curfew amid its clampdown on remaining rebels.
    (AFP, 5/11/08)

2008        May 12, Chad closed its border with Sudan and put a halt to bilateral trade, a minister said, a day after Sudan severed diplomatic ties with Chad.
    (AP, 5/12/08)

2008        Jun 14, Rebels in Chad attacked the eastern town of Goz-Beida, and Irish EU troops took up defensive positions between the fighting and a refugee camp.
    (Reuters, 6/14/08)

2008        Jun 18, A military official said Chad’s army has killed 161 rebels in a battle in the eastern part of the country.
    (SFC, 6/19/08, p.A17)

2008        Jun 30, Brahim Deby, the eldest son of Chad’s President Idriss Deby, was found dead in the basement of his apartment building in a Paris suburb. He was asphyxiated by chemicals from a fire extinguisher that lay near his body. In late November Romanian police arrested a French-Romanian national identified as Marius C. after on a warrant from France.
    (AP, 11/28/08)(www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/L02560147.htm)

2008        Jul 18, Senegal’s President Abdoulaye Wade said Sudan President Omar al-Beshir has agreed to restore relations with Chad, more than two months after Khartoum severed ties accusing Ndjamena of backing Darfur rebels.
    (AFP, 7/18/08)

2008        Aug 15, In Chad a court sentenced former President Hissene Habre and 11 rebels to death. Habre was awaiting trial in Senegal for torture and murder.
    (SFC, 8/16/08, p.A5)

2008        Nov 9, Troubled neighbors Chad and Sudan exchanged ambassadors, six months after diplomatic ties were ruptured over tit-for-tat accusations of support for armed rebels.
    (AFP, 11/9/08)

2008        Chad’s population was about 10 million.
    (SFC, 11/23/00, p.D5)

2009        Jan 14, The UN Security Council authorized 5,200 UN peacekeepers to replace a 3,300-strong EU force in Chad and Central African Republic, which have been seriously affected by fighting in neighboring Sudan's Darfur region.
    (AP, 1/14/09)

2009        Jan 28, Five African and international human rights groups called on the African Union to press Senegal to move forward with the trial of former Chadian dictator Hissene Habre.
    (AP, 1/28/09)
2009        Jan 28, French PM Francois Fillon said 1,000 French 1,650 soldiers would be pulled out from the EUFOR mission to protect refugees in Chad. He also says France's 1,800-strong contingent in Ivory Coast will be reduced by half.
    (AP, 1/28/09)

2009        Jan 30, In Libreville, Gabon, leaders of the six Central African states (Cameroon, Chad, Gabon, CAR, Congo, Equatorial Guinea), began meeting to discuss closer economic ties, including the creation of a new regional airline. The Economic and Monetary Union of Central Africa, known as CEMAC, planned discussions on such issues as monetary reform and the free movement of citizens.
    (AFP, 1/30/09)

2009        Feb 4, Poland’s defense minister stated plans to end military missions in Lebanon, the Golan Heights and Chad in an effort to cut spending due to the global economic crisis.
    (AP, 2/4/09)

2009        Feb 14, Over 6,000 people have fled the Ndele region of the Central African Republic for a Chadian border village after violence erupted between two ethnic groups, the Runga and the Gulus.
    (AFP, 2/14/09)

2009        Feb 19, Belgium took Senegal to the International Court of Justice over the African nation's failure to prosecute a former Chad president for crimes against humanity and torture.
    (AP, 2/20/09)

2009        Mar 15, In Abeche, Chad, UN forces took over command from EU peacekeepers to protect refugees and displaced people in Chad and the Central African Republic.
    (AFP, 3/15/09)

2009        Apr 6, Belgium began World Court proceedings against Senegal in an effort to bring former Chad President Hissene Habre on trial for alleged widespread human rights abuses during his eight-year reign. A Chadian commission of inquiry has concluded that Habre's regime killed at least 3,780 political opponents, but added that the figure likely represents only 10 percent of his victims.
    (AP, 4/6/09)

2009        May 5, Sudan denied accusations by the government of Chad that its forces had launched an attack against the neighboring African state.
    (AFP, 5/5/09)

2009        May 8, Chad’s government claimed that 225 rebels and 22 soldiers had been killed in clashes over the last 2 days south of the main eastern city of Abeche.
    (AFP, 5/9/09)

2009        May 16, Sudan accused Chad of mounting a second series of air strikes on its territory and said the conflict between the African neighbors must be resolved politically.
    (AFP, 5/16/09)

2009        May 17, Chad said its air force had completed raids on "mercenaries" inside Sudan, announcing its aircraft had destroyed seven groups of fighters while ground forces had captured 100 prisoners on the border.
    (Reuters, 5/17/09)

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