Timeline Luxembourg
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World History KLMA: http://www.stabi.hs-bremerhaven.de/gbs2/whkmla/
400,000 citizens are ruled by a Grand Duke and
speak
Letzebuergesch, a German dialect laced with French and claimed to be
the
language of Charlemagne. The capital is Luxembourg City.
(SFC, 9/1/96, T3)
c600-700 St. Willibrord, an Irish
missionary, spread Christianity in the region.
(SFC, 9/1/96, T3)
1296 Aug 10, John the Blind, King
of Bohemia, Count of Luxembourg, was born.
(MC, 8/10/02)
1316 May 14, Charles IV (d.1378),
later King of Bohemia and Holy Roman Emperor, was born in the House of
Luxembourg.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Roman_emperor_Charles_IV)
1346 Nov 26, Charles of Luxembourg
was crowned German king. He succeeded his father John of Luxemburg as
King of Bohemia and Count of Luxembourg.
(PC, 1992 ed, p.128)
1378 Nov 29, Charles IV (b.1316),
King of Bohemia and Holy Roman Emperor, died.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Roman_emperor_Charles_IV)
1429 Jan 23, At the Congress of
Luck Emp. Sigismund of Luxembourg offered to crown Vytautas as King of
Lithuania.
(LHC, 1/23/03)
1582 Oct 15, The Gregorian (or New
World) calendar was adopted in Italy, France, Luxembourg, Spain, and
Portugal; and the preceding ten days were lost to history. This day
followed Oct 4 to bring the calendar into sync. by order of the Council
of Trent. Oct 5-14 were dropped.
(K.I.-365D, p.97)(NG, March 1990, J. Boslough)(HN,
10/15/98)(SFEC, 10/3/99, Par p.27)
1867 Sep 9, Luxembourg gained
independence.
(MC, 9/9/01)
1884 Aug 16, Hugo Gernsback
(d.1967), sci-fi writer, publisher (1960 Hugo), was born in Luxembourg.
(www.nndb.com/people/381/000045246/)
1890 Nov 23, Grand Duchy of
Luxembourg separated from the Netherlands.
(AP, 11/23/02)
1904 Hugo Gernsback (1884-1967),
budding inventor and writer, moved to the US, where he patented a new
kind of electrical battery.
(ON, 11/05, p.10)
1914 July 27, Germany informed
Belgium and Luxembourg of its intention to pass its troops through
their countries. German Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg
reportedly called the 1839 London Treaty, in which all the European
powers had guaranteed Belgian neutrality, "a scrap of paper" not worth
fighting over. Bethmann-Hollweg was trying to persuade Britain not to
declare war based on the treaty. Unsuccessful in his efforts, Britain
and Belgium declared war when German troops entered Belgium on August 4.
(HNQ, 7/24/98)
1914 Aug 2, Germany invaded
Luxembourg.
(HN, 8/2/98)
1920 May 1, Belgian-Luxembourg
toll tunnel opened.
(MC, 5/1/02)
1940 May 10, German forces began a
blitzkrieg of the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg, skirting
France's "impenetrable" Maginot Line. Belgium was invaded by Germany
and maintained resistance for 18 days.
(WSJ, 8/1/95, p.A-8)(WSJ, 4/29/96, p.C-1)(HN,
5/10/02)
1944 Sep 11, American troops
entered Luxembourg.
(HN, 9/11/98)
1944 Dec 26, In the World War II
Battle of the Bulge, the embattled U.S. 101st Airborne Division was
relieved by units of the 4th Armored Division. The Battle of the Bulge
was the final major German counter-offensive of the war and thrust deep
into allied territory in N & E Belgium and Luxembourg. US Gen
Patton's tanks repulsed the Germans.
(WUD, 1994, p.195)(SFC, 9/1/96, T3)(AP,
12/26/97)(MC, 12/26/01)
1944-1945 The Battle of the Bulge raged across the
country.
(SFC, 9/1/96, T3)
1948 Mar 18, France, Great Britain
and Benelux signed the Treaty of Brussels.
(MC, 3/18/02)
1949 Perle Mesta, a Washington
socialite, was appointed US ambassador. Her flamboyant ways and gala
parties inspired the Broadway musical “Call Me Madam.”
(SFC, 10/22/96, p.A18)
1952 Sep 10, Germany and Israel
signed the Luxembourg Agreement, an accord about recovery payments.
West Germany agreed to pay Israel a sum of 3 billion marks over the
next fourteen years. It was signed by West German Chancellor Konrad
Adenauer, Israeli Foreign Minister Moshe Sharett and World Jewish
Congress President Nahum Goldmann.
(http://tinyurl.com/etznn)(http://tinyurl.com/h6n7m)
1959-1974 Pierre Werner (d.2002) served as Prime
Minister. He served again from 1979-1984.
(SFC, 6/25/02, p.A20)
1964 Grand Duke Jean began his
rule.
(SFC, 12/25/99, p.A14)
1973 Ruth Lewis Farkas
(1907-1996), was appointed ambassador to Luxembourg by Pres. Nixon
after she and her husband, founder of Alexander’s department stores,
contributed $300,000 to Nixon’s re-election campaign.
(SFC, 10/22/96, p.A18)
1979-1984 Pierre Werner (d.2002) served a 2nd period
as Prime Minister.
(SFC, 6/25/02, p.A20)
1980s Late, Friendly regulation
and low taxes spurred a banking boom in the Grand duchy.
(WSJ, 6/14/96, p.A10)
1986 Feb 17, The Single European
Act modifying the Treaty of Rome was signed a 1st time in Luxembourg.
[see Feb 28] The single European Act was passed to end trade
restricting regulations and create a true single European market by
1992.
(Econ, 9/25/04, Survey
p.9)(http://europa.eu.int/abc/history/1986/index_en.htm)
1991 French frigates were sold to
Taiwan. In 2004 a fake list of French public figures (including later
president Nicolas Sarkozy), who allegedly held accounts at a
Luxembourg-based clearing house (Clearstream Banking S.A.), was leaked
to a French judge. This came to be known as the 2nd Clearstream affair.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clearstream)(Econ,
12/6/08, p.70)
1992 Jul 2, Luxembourg ratifies
the Treaty on the European Union.
(http://europa.eu.int/abc/history/1992/index_en.htm)
1992 Radio Luxembourg went off the
air as it lost listeners due to deregulation and commercial rivals. In
2008 it hoped to make a comeback using digital broadcasts.
(Econ, 3/8/08, TQ p.8)
1993 Germany passed a 30%
withholding tax on investment income. It caused billions of marks to
flow out of Germany and into Luxembourg.
(WSJ, 6/14/96, p.A10)
1996 Jun 9, The latest
unemployment rate was 3%.
(SFC, 6/9/96, Parade, p.9)
1996 Jun, The nation’s managers
ran some $325 billion in assets.
(WSJ, 6/14/96, p.A10)
1999 Jan 1, Luxembourg along with
10 other European Union nations made the transition to the new Euro
monetary system.
(SFC, 1/1/99, p.A8)
1999 Jan 14, The EU voted against
censure after EU Pres. Jacques Santer of Luxembourg pledged to impose a
reform program to prevent fraud.
(SFC, 1/15/99,
p.A15)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Santer)
2000 May 31, In Luxembourg Neji
Bejaoui, an unemployed Tunisian immigrant, took 37 children and 3
teachers hostage in Wasserbillig. Police posing as journalists shot and
wounded the hostage-taker after a 30-hour standoff. No one else was
injured.
(SFC, 6/1/00, p.A17)(SFC, 6/2/00, p.A14)(SFC,
6/3/00, p.A14)
2000 Sep, Grand Duke Jean planned
to abdicate in favor of his eldest son Prince Henri.
(SFC, 12/25/99, p.A14)
2002 Jun 24, Pierre Werner (88),
Luxembourg Prime Minister from 1959-1974 and 1979-1984, died. He was
hailed as the “father of the euro” for his 1970 plan for a common
European currency.
(SFC, 6/25/02, p.A20)
2002 Nov 6, In Luxembourg a
twin-engine Fokker-50 plane crashed in fog as it approached Findel
Airport, killing 17 people and seriously injuring five others.
(AP, 11/6/02)(WSJ, 11/7/02, p.A1)
2003 Apr 29, The leaders of
France, Germany, Belgium and Luxembourg, all critics of the U.S.-led
war on Iraq, agreed to beef up their military cooperation in an effort
to make Europe's defense less reliant on the US.
(AP, 4/29/03)
2004 Sep 10, European finance
ministers chose Luxembourg PM Jean-Claude Juncker to represent the
group of 12 European Union countries that share the euro currency.
(AP, 9/10/04)
2005 Jul 7, Luxembourg PM
Jean-Claude Juncker asked his citizens to pass a referendum in favor of
the EU Constitution.
(WSJ, 7/8/05, p.A5)
2005 Jul 10, Luxembourg voters
ratified the EU’s proposed constitution referendum.
(AP, 7/10/05)
2005 Luxembourg’s gross domestic
product (GDP) for this year was $69,800, making it the richest country
in the world by this measure.
(SSFC, 12/17/06, p.G5)
2006 Jun 25, Arcelor, based in
Luxembourg, accepted Mittal Steel's 27-billion-euro ($34 billion)
partnership offer. The new group, would be owned 50.6% by Arcelor
shareholders and 49.4% by those of Mittal, of which 43% would be
controlled by the Mittal family of India.
(AP, 6/26/06)(Econ, 7/1/06, p.56)
2008 Sep 28, The governments of
Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg took partial control of
struggling bank Fortis NV.
(AP, 9/29/08)
2008 Dec 4, The Luxembourg-based
European Court of First Instance said EU governments "violated the
rights of defense" of the People's Mujahedeen Organization of Iran
(PMOI), and that the EU nations have not provided sufficient proof to
blacklist the group.
(AP, 12/4/08)
2009 Jan 15, A Luxembourg court
ordered Swiss bank UBS AG to pay French financial company Oddo &
Cie euro30 million ($40 million) it had invested in a fund linked to
the alleged fraud perpetrated by US financier Bernard Madoff.
(AP, 1/15/09)
2009 Oct 19, The EU agreed to give
the dairy sector an extra $420 million in special aid in an effort to
quell a season of unrest in agriculture. Meanwhile angry farmer pelted
riot police with eggs and buckets of milk in Luxembourg.
(SFC, 10/20/09, p.A2)
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Subject = Luxembourg
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