Timeline Luxembourg
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400,000 citizens are ruled by a Grand Duke
and
speak
Letzebuergesch, a German dialect laced with French and claimed to be
the
language of Charlemagne. The capital is Luxembourg City.
(SFC, 9/1/96, T3)
c600-700 St. Willibrord, an Irish
missionary, spread Christianity in the region.
(SFC, 9/1/96, T3)
1296 Aug 10, John the Blind,
King of Bohemia, Count of Luxembourg, was born.
(MC, 8/10/02)
1316 May 14, Charles IV
(d.1378), later King of Bohemia and Holy Roman Emperor, was born in
the House of Luxembourg.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Roman_emperor_Charles_IV)
1346 Nov 26, Charles of
Luxembourg was crowned German king. He succeeded his father John of
Luxemburg as King of Bohemia and Count of Luxembourg.
(PC, 1992 ed, p.128)
1378 Nov 29, Charles IV
(b.1316), King of Bohemia and Holy Roman Emperor, died.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Roman_emperor_Charles_IV)
1429 Jan 23, At the Congress of
Luck Emp. Sigismund of Luxembourg offered to crown Vytautas as King
of Lithuania.
(LHC, 1/23/03)
1582 Oct 15, The Gregorian (or
New World) calendar was adopted in Italy, France, Luxembourg, Spain,
and Portugal; and the preceding ten days were lost to history. This
day followed Oct 4 to bring the calendar into sync. by order of the
Council of Trent. Oct 5-14 were dropped.
(K.I.-365D, p.97)(NG, March 1990, J.
Boslough)(HN, 10/15/98)(SFEC, 10/3/99, Par p.27)
1867 Sep 9, Luxembourg gained
independence.
(MC, 9/9/01)
1884 Aug 16, Hugo Gernsback
(d.1967), sci-fi writer, publisher (1960 Hugo), was born in
Luxembourg.
(www.nndb.com/people/381/000045246/)
1890 Nov 23, Grand Duchy of
Luxembourg separated from the Netherlands.
(AP, 11/23/02)
1904 Hugo Gernsback
(1884-1967), budding inventor and writer, moved to the US, where he
patented a new kind of electrical battery.
(ON, 11/05, p.10)
1914 July 27, Germany informed
Belgium and Luxembourg of its intention to pass its troops through
their countries. German Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg
reportedly called the 1839 London Treaty, in which all the European
powers had guaranteed Belgian neutrality, "a scrap of paper" not
worth fighting over. Bethmann-Hollweg was trying to persuade Britain
not to declare war based on the treaty. Unsuccessful in his efforts,
Britain and Belgium declared war when German troops entered Belgium
on August 4.
(HNQ, 7/24/98)
1914 Aug 2, Germany invaded
Luxembourg.
(HN, 8/2/98)
1920 May 1, Belgian-Luxembourg
toll tunnel opened.
(MC, 5/1/02)
1940 May 10, German forces
began a blitzkrieg of the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg,
skirting France's "impenetrable" Maginot Line. Belgium was invaded
by Germany and maintained resistance for 18 days.
(WSJ, 8/1/95, p.A-8)(WSJ, 4/29/96, p.C-1)(HN,
5/10/02)
1944 Sep 11, American troops
entered Luxembourg.
(HN, 9/11/98)
1944 Dec 26, In the World War
II Battle of the Bulge, the embattled U.S. 101st Airborne Division
was relieved by units of the 4th Armored Division. The Battle of the
Bulge was the final major German counter-offensive of the war and
thrust deep into allied territory in N & E Belgium and
Luxembourg. US Gen Patton's tanks repulsed the Germans.
(WUD, 1994, p.195)(SFC, 9/1/96, T3)(AP,
12/26/97)(MC, 12/26/01)
1944-1945 The Battle of the Bulge raged across the
country.
(SFC, 9/1/96, T3)
1948 Mar 18, France, Great
Britain and Benelux signed the Treaty of Brussels.
(MC, 3/18/02)
1949 Apr 4, The (NATO) North
Atlantic Treaty Organization pact was signed by the US, Great
Britain, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Italy,
Portugal, Denmark, Iceland, Norway and Canada. It provided for
mutual defense against aggression and for close military
cooperation.
(www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/official_texts_17120.htm)(TOH, 1982,
p.1949)
1949 Perle Mesta, a Washington
socialite, was appointed US ambassador. Her flamboyant ways and gala
parties inspired the Broadway musical “Call Me Madam.”
(SFC, 10/22/96, p.A18)
1952 Sep 10, Germany and Israel
signed the Luxembourg Agreement, an accord about recovery payments.
West Germany agreed to pay Israel a sum of 3 billion marks over the
next fourteen years. It was signed by West German Chancellor Konrad
Adenauer, Israeli Foreign Minister Moshe Sharett and World Jewish
Congress President Nahum Goldmann.
(http://tinyurl.com/etznn)(http://tinyurl.com/h6n7m)
1959-1974 Pierre Werner (d.2002) served as Prime
Minister. He served again from 1979-1984.
(SFC, 6/25/02, p.A20)
1964 Grand Duke Jean began his
rule.
(SFC, 12/25/99, p.A14)
1973 Ruth Lewis Farkas
(1907-1996), was appointed ambassador to Luxembourg by Pres. Nixon
after she and her husband, founder of Alexander’s department stores,
contributed $300,000 to Nixon’s re-election campaign.
(SFC, 10/22/96, p.A18)
1979-1984 Pierre Werner (d.2002) served a 2nd
period as Prime Minister.
(SFC, 6/25/02, p.A20)
1980s Late, Friendly regulation
and low taxes spurred a banking boom in the Grand duchy.
(WSJ, 6/14/96, p.A10)
1986 Feb 17, The Single
European Act modifying the Treaty of Rome was signed a 1st time in
Luxembourg. [see Feb 28] The single European Act was passed to end
trade restricting regulations and create a true single European
market by 1992.
(Econ, 9/25/04, Survey
p.9)(http://europa.eu.int/abc/history/1986/index_en.htm)
1991 French frigates were sold
to Taiwan. In 2004 a fake list of French public figures (including
later president Nicolas Sarkozy), who allegedly held accounts at a
Luxembourg-based clearing house (Clearstream Banking S.A.), was
leaked to a French judge. This came to be known as the 2nd
Clearstream affair.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clearstream)(Econ,
12/6/08, p.70)
1992 Jul 2, Luxembourg ratifies
the Treaty on the European Union.
(http://europa.eu.int/abc/history/1992/index_en.htm)
1992 Radio Luxembourg went off
the air as it lost listeners due to deregulation and commercial
rivals. In 2008 it hoped to make a comeback using digital
broadcasts.
(Econ, 3/8/08, TQ p.8)
1993 Germany passed a 30%
withholding tax on investment income. It caused billions of marks to
flow out of Germany and into Luxembourg.
(WSJ, 6/14/96, p.A10)
1996 Jun 9, The latest
unemployment rate was 3%.
(SFC, 6/9/96, Parade, p.9)
1996 Jun, The nation’s managers
ran some $325 billion in assets.
(WSJ, 6/14/96, p.A10)
1999 Jan 1, Luxembourg along
with 10 other European Union nations made the transition to the new
Euro monetary system.
(SFC, 1/1/99, p.A8)
1999 Jan 14, The EU voted
against censure after EU Pres. Jacques Santer of Luxembourg pledged
to impose a reform program to prevent fraud.
(SFC, 1/15/99,
p.A15)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Santer)
2000 May 31, In Luxembourg Neji
Bejaoui, an unemployed Tunisian immigrant, took 37 children and 3
teachers hostage in Wasserbillig. Police posing as journalists shot
and wounded the hostage-taker after a 30-hour standoff. No one else
was injured.
(SFC, 6/1/00, p.A17)(SFC, 6/2/00, p.A14)(SFC,
6/3/00, p.A14)
2000 Sep, Grand Duke Jean
planned to abdicate in favor of his eldest son Prince Henri.
(SFC, 12/25/99, p.A14)
2002 Jun 24, Pierre Werner
(88), Luxembourg Prime Minister from 1959-1974 and 1979-1984, died.
He was hailed as the “father of the euro” for his 1970 plan for a
common European currency.
(SFC, 6/25/02, p.A20)
2002 Nov 6, In Luxembourg a
twin-engine Fokker-50 plane crashed in fog as it approached Findel
Airport, killing 17 people and seriously injuring five others.
(AP, 11/6/02)(WSJ, 11/7/02, p.A1)
2003 Apr 29, The leaders of
France, Germany, Belgium and Luxembourg, all critics of the U.S.-led
war on Iraq, agreed to beef up their military cooperation in an
effort to make Europe's defense less reliant on the US.
(AP, 4/29/03)
2004 Sep 10, European finance
ministers chose Luxembourg PM Jean-Claude Juncker to represent the
group of 12 European Union countries that share the euro currency.
(AP, 9/10/04)
2005 Jul 7, Luxembourg PM
Jean-Claude Juncker asked his citizens to pass a referendum in favor
of the EU Constitution.
(WSJ, 7/8/05, p.A5)
2005 Jul 10, Luxembourg voters
ratified the EU’s proposed constitution referendum.
(AP, 7/10/05)
2005 Luxembourg’s gross
domestic product (GDP) for this year was $69,800, making it the
richest country in the world by this measure.
(SSFC, 12/17/06, p.G5)
2006 Jun 25, Arcelor, based in
Luxembourg, accepted Mittal Steel's 27-billion-euro ($34 billion)
partnership offer. The new group, would be owned 50.6% by Arcelor
shareholders and 49.4% by those of Mittal, of which 43% would be
controlled by the Mittal family of India.
(AP, 6/26/06)(Econ, 7/1/06, p.56)
2008 Sep 28, The governments of
Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg took partial control of
struggling bank Fortis NV.
(AP, 9/29/08)
2008 Dec 4, The
Luxembourg-based European Court of First Instance said EU
governments "violated the rights of defense" of the People's
Mujahedeen Organization of Iran (PMOI), and that the EU nations have
not provided sufficient proof to blacklist the group.
(AP, 12/4/08)
2009 Jan 15, A Luxembourg court
ordered Swiss bank UBS AG to pay French financial company Oddo &
Cie euro30 million ($40 million) it had invested in a fund linked to
the alleged fraud perpetrated by US financier Bernard Madoff.
(AP, 1/15/09)
2009 Oct 19, The EU agreed to
give the dairy sector an extra $420 million in special aid in an
effort to quell a season of unrest in agriculture. Meanwhile angry
farmer pelted riot police with eggs and buckets of milk in
Luxembourg.
(SFC, 10/20/09, p.A2)
2010 Jan 21, A Dutch airlift
brought 106 children from quake-ravaged Haiti to new lives in the
Netherlands and Luxembourg, as anxious families waited to hug
children they had been in the process of adopting for months.
(AP, 1/21/10)
2011 Jan 18, A Luxembourg
official said the country will invest a large sum in Burkina Faso to
help alleviate poverty in the landlocked West African nation.
(AP, 1/18/11)
2011 Oct 9, The governments of
Belgium, France and Luxembourg said they had approved a plan for the
future of embattled bank Dexia, but they offered no details. France
and Belgium became part owners of the bank during a euro6 billion
($7.8 billion) 2008 bailout. They have promised to ensure that no
Dexia depositors lose money. Luxembourg holds a smaller stake.
(AP, 10/9/11)
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