Timeline Nepal
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The Gurkhas are a Nepalese warrior clan that has
been used as elite fighters by the British army.
(SFC, 2/10/97, p.A8)(WSJ, 3/6/97, p.A8)
Nepal as of 2011 contained 103 ethnic and 93 language groups.
(Econ, 6/4/11, p.50)The Gurkhas are a Nepalese
warrior clan that has been used as elite fighters by the British
army.
563BC
Buddha (d.483BC), Siddhartha Gautama, was born in
Northern India (later Nepal). Raja Suddhodana, king of the Sakyas in
the 6th century BC, is best known as the father of Buddha. The
kingdom of the Sakyas was on what is now the border of Nepal and
India. The birthplace of the Indian prince Siddartha, who became the
monk Buddha, was believed to have been discovered by archeologists
in 1996. Lumbini, Nepal, the birthplace of Buddha, was designated a
UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. His birthday was later
celebrated in Nepal on the day of the first full moon in May. Wesak
Day (Waisak, Vesak), also known as Buddha's birthday, is also
observed as the anniversary of his enlightenment.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesak)(SFC, 9/1/96,
DB p.30)(SFC,12/5/97, p.B2)(AP, 5/17/11)
c250BC In Patan the 4 corners are marked by stupas
said to be constructed on orders of Emperor Ashoka.
(WSJ, 1/22/98, p.A17)
889 Bhaktapur, Nepal, was
founded under the Malla dynasty.
(SSFC, 9/21/03, p.C8)
1200-1500 Bhaktapur, Nepal, rose to dominate the
entire Kathmandu Valley region culturally and politically.
(SSFC, 9/21/03, p.C8)
1484-1768 The Nepalese city-states of Kathmandu,
Patan and Bhaktapur, were each ruled by its own Malla king after the
Malla dynasty divided up the Kathmandu Valley.
(SSFC, 9/21/03, p.C8)
c1500-1800 The Malla dynasty created an
architectural frenzy in Patan between the 16th and 18th centuries.
(WSJ, 1/22/98, p.A17)
1600-1700 Ladakh was a West Tibetan kingdom of
this time with lands that extended into what is now Nepal.
(SFEC,12/14/97, p.T4)
1768 Prithvi Narayan Shah, the
founder of Nepal, defeated the Malla rulers.
(AFP, 6/28/11)
1769 Bhaktapur, Nepal, fell and
the triumphant Gurkhas took Kathmandu as their capital.
(SSFC, 9/21/03, p.C8)
1769-1775 Prithvi Narayan Shah, with whom we move
into the modern period of Nepal's history, was the ninth generation
descendant of Dravya Shah (1559-1570), the founder of the ruling
house of Gorkha.
(www.infonepal.com.np/shahs.htm)
1800s A Nepalese prince in
Gorkha allowed the British to recruit his subjects following the
defeat of Nepal by the British East India Co. The recruits became
known as Gurkhas.
(WSJ, 7/3/01, p.A11)
1812 Sep, William Moorcroft,
East India Co. head of 5,000 acre horse farm at Pusa, India, was
arrested in Nepal while returning from Tibet to India. They were
released after 17 days in captivity.
(ON, 1/02, p.3)
1815 Nepalese soldiers, later
known as Gurkhas, began serving in the British military.
(Econ, 5/2/09, p.58)
1846 The Kot Massacre took
place in Nepal. The Rana dynasty forced the Shah monarchy from power
and then ruled until 1951.
(SFC, 6/7/01,
p.A12)(www.russojapanesewar.com/lewis-3.html)
1900 Nepalese were recruited
into Bhutan as loggers.
(WSJ, 3/6/97, p.A8)
1911 In Nepal King Prithvi Bir
Bikram Shah (36) passed away and his son King Tribhuvan Bir Bikram
Shah (b.1906) ascended the throne.
(www.nepalmonarchy.gov.np/monarcyinnepal/monarchyinnepal.php)
1911 King George V of Britain
visited India. He went hunting in Nepal and from the back of an
elephant bagged 21 tigers, 8 rhinos, and a bear.
(NG, 12/97, p.138)
1921 George Leigh Mallory (36)
took part in the 1st expedition of mountain climbers to explore Mt.
Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet.
(ON, 3/05, p.6)
1922 George Leigh Mallory (36)
took part in a 2nd expedition of mountain climbers to Mt. Everest. 7
porters were killed and the expedition failed to reach the summit.
(ON, 3/05, p.7)
1923 Dec 21, Nepal changed from
British protectorate to independent nation.
(MC, 12/21/01)
1924 Jun 8, George Mallory
(38), a British schoolteacher, and Andrew Irvine (28), a student at
Cambridge, attempted to reach the top of Mount Everest from their
camp at 26,800 feet. The body of Mallory was found May 1, 1999 on a
ledge at 27,000 feet. Irvine’s body was not found. Two books were
published in 1999 that used parallel narratives for the 2
expeditions: "The Lost Explorer" by Conrad Anker and David Roberts,
and "Ghosts of Everest" by Jochen Hemmleb, Larry A. Johnson and Eric
R. Simonson (as told to William E. Northdurft).
(SFC, 5/5/99, p.A10)(WSJ, 12/16/99, p.W10)
1933 Apr 3, Royal Air Force
Lieutenant David McIntyre and the Scottish Marquess of Clydesdale,
flying two open-cockpit Westland aircraft, completed the first
overflight and aerial photographic survey of Mount Everest. The
British Mount Everest team, battled extreme cold and high winds as
they photographed the previously unknown crest of the 29,028-foot
peak.
(HNPD, 4/3/99)
1933 Apr 13, The first flight
over Mount Everest was completed by Lord Clydesdale. [see Apr 3]
(HN, 4/13/98)
1934 Jan 15, An 8.4 earthquake
in India and Nepal killed some 15,000 people. It damaged the
Mahabuddha Temple in Patan, Nepal, one of but 3 in the world.
(http://asc-india.org/menu/gquakes.htm)(WSJ,
1/22/98, p.A17)
1934 Maurice Wilson, soldier
and mystic, attempted to scale Everest while relying on fasting and
prayer. His body was found the next year.
(SFEC, 4/25/99, p.C8)
1935 Charles Warren (d.1999 at
92), pediatrician, attempted to scale Mt. Everest. He failed to
reach the summit but found the body of Maurice Wilson and Wilson's
diary. He also failed on two other attempts.
(SFEC, 4/25/99, p.C8)
1948 Nepal established
diplomatic relations with the US.
(www.russojapanesewar.com/lewis-3.html)
1950 Jun 3, French expedition
reached the top of Himalayan peak of Annapurna in Nepal.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annapurna)
1951 Feb, King Tribhuvan
(1906-1955) returned to Kathmandu to usher in a new era of democracy
in Nepal after oligarchy finally succumbed to popular demands.
(www.nepalmonarchy.gov.np/monarcyinnepal/monarchyinnepal.php)
1953 May 29, Mount Everest was
conquered as Edmund Hillary of New Zealand and Tensing Norgay, a
Sherpa of Nepal, became the first climbers to reach the summit. The
expedition was led by John Hunt (d.1998 at 88). Tenzing Norgay later
authored the autobiography "Man of Everest."
(AP, 5/29/97)(SFEC, 6/1/97, p.T5)(HN,
5/29/98)(SFEC, 11/8/98, p.A23)(WSJ, 6/4/01, p.A20)
1955 King Tribhuvan (b.1906)
died and was succeeded by his eldest son Crown Prince Mahendra Bir
Bikram Shah (b.1920).
(www.nepalmonarchy.gov.np/monarcyinnepal/monarchyinnepal.php)
1959 King Mahendra promulgated
Nepal's first constitution based on a multiparty democratic polity
under which the first general elections were held later this year to
elect a House of Representatives.
(www.nepalmonarchy.gov.np/monarcyinnepal/monarchyinnepal.php)
1961 Jan, Nepal’s King Mahendra
introduced the indigenous Panchayat System (village council). Early
in 1961 the king set up a committee of four officials from the
Central Secretariat to recommend changes in the constitution that
would abolish political parties and substitute a "National Guidance"
system based on local panchayat led directly by the king.
(http://countrystudies.us/nepal/19.htm)
1961 Dec 26, Nepal’s King
Mahendra appointed a council of five ministers to help run the
administration. Several weeks later, political parties were declared
illegal.
(http://countrystudies.us/nepal/19.htm)
1960s Many Nepalese migrated to
Bhutan for economic reasons.
(Econ, 10/25/03, p.39)
1961 By late 1961 violent
actions organized by the Nepali Congress in exile began along the
Indian border, increasing in size and number during early 1962.
(http://countrystudies.us/nepal/19.htm)
1962 Jim Edwards began running
jungle safaris in Nepal and accumulated his own elephant herd.
(WSJ, 1/16/98, p.A1)
1963 May 1, James Whittaker
became the 1st American to conquer Mount Everest as he and a Sherpa
guide reached the summit.
(AP, 5/1/03)
1965 Col. Jimmy Roberts first
hired Khumbu Sherpas to serve his clients on adventure "treks." The
term originally was used by the British during the Boer War to
describe a slow journey by oxcart. His first trekkers were 3
middle-aged American women from the Midwest.
(SFEM, 6/6/99, p.12)
1969 In Nepal the royal
residence Narayanhiti Palace was completed in Kathmandu. On Feb 26,
2009, it was opened to public.
(Econ, 3/28/09, p.51)
1970 Apr 5, Six Nepalese
Sherpas died in an avalanche during a Japanese skiing expedition on
Everest.
(SFC, 5/15/96,
A-10)(www.everestsummiteersassociation.org/listofdeadoneverst.htm)
1970 May 6, Yuichiro Miura
(b.1932) of Japan skied down Mt. Everest.
(http://vault.sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1090978/index.htm)
1970 May 27, Dougal Haston and
Don Whillans, members of a British expedition, climbed the south
face of Nepal’s Annapurna I, the 10th highest summit in the world.
(www.trentofestival.it/en/info/honorary%20members/SIR%20CHRIS%20BONINGTON.htm)
1972 King Mahendra, Nepal’s
poet-king, passed away at Diyalo Bangalow, Bharatpur. Crown Prince
Birendra (b.1945) ascended the throne of the kingdom. Birendra was
killed by his son in 2001.
(www.nepalmonarchy.gov.np/monarcyinnepal/monarchyinnepal.php)(WSJ,
9/29/07, p.A6)
1975 Feb 24, In Nepal Birendra,
who came to the throne on January 31, 1972, was crowned.
(http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/english/200106/02/eng20010602_71583.html)
1975 May 16, Japanese climber
Junko Tabei (b.1939) became the first woman to reach the summit of
Mount Everest.
(AP, 5/16/97)
1975 Dec, The bodies of
Tourists Connie Jo Bronzich (29) and Laurent Armand Carriere were
found badly burned in a field outside Kathmandu, Nepal. In 2003
Charles Sobhraj (59) was ordered to stand trial for their murder.
Police said he had killed as many as 20 people. In 2004 he was
convicted in Nepal and sentenced to life in prison.
(SFC, 11/21/03,
p.D1)(www.abc.net.au/am/content/2004/s1175776.htm)
1975 Thailand issued a warrant
for the arrest of Charles Sobhraj on charges of drugging and killing
six women, all wearing bikinis, on a beach at Pattaya. Sobhraj is
also accused of killing more than 20 young Western backpackers
across Asia, usually by drugging their food or drink, in the 1970s
and 1980s. Sobhraj, serving 20 years in India, escaped from prison
in the mid-1980s, but was caught and returned to jail until 1997. In
2003 French national Sobhraj was arrested from a casino in Kathmandu
on charges that he traveled to the Himalayan nation on a fake
passport 32 years ago. He was subsequently sentenced to life in
prison for murdering an American backpacker in 1975.
(Reuters, 12/19/07)
1977 Apr 29, Donald Evans
(b.1945), American artist, died in a fire in the Netherlands. His
work included the creation of postage stamp series for imaginary
countries.
(WSJ, 2/5/03,
p.D10)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Evans_(artist))
1978 Oct, An all-woman team
climbed the 26,558-foot Mt. Annapurna. 2 women died in an accident 2
days after Irene Miller and Vera Komarkova reached the top.
(SFC, 11/7/03, p.E3)
1980 Aug 20, Reinhold Messner
of Italy became the 1st to solo ascent Mt. Everest.
(www.britannica.com/ebc/article-9052253)
1982 Elephant polo began under
the direction of Jim Edwards.
(WSJ, 1/16/98, p.A1)
1984 In Nepal authorities began
to introduce 72 rhinos, also known as the Indian rhinoceros, in the
Babai Valley, 320 km southwest of Kathmandu, as part of a
conservation drive. By 2007 at least 23 had died due to poaching and
other causes, and the rest were missing.
(Reuters, 1/3/07)
1985 Ned Gilette (d.1998 at 53)
and Jan Reynolds published "Everest Grand Circle: A Climbing and
Skiing Adventure Through Nepal and Tibet."
(SFC, 8/15/98, p.A24)
1985 The South Asian
Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) was founded in Dhaka,
Bangladesh, with the aim of promoting economic cooperation and
alleviating poverty in South Asia. Members included Bangladesh,
Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.
(AP, 11/13/05)
1987 Chendra and Shanti,
one-horned rhinos, were presented as a gift to the SF Zoo from Prine
Gyanendra of Nepal. They came from the Royal Chitwan National park,
one of only 3 places where the species survives in the wild.
(SFC, 9/6.96, p.B1)
1987 Olga Murray (62), a
retired California Supreme Court research attorney, broke her leg
while traveling in Nepal. Her hospital experience led her to support
another young patient and then to found her Nepalese Youth
Opportunity Foundation. Her efforts grew to fight the use of young
girls as domestic slaves. In 2006 the Nepalese Supreme Court past
token legislation outlawing the “kamlari” system, which indentured
young girls.
(SSFC, 2/8/09, p.A17)
1988 Aug 21, More than 1,000
people were killed in an earthquake on the Nepal-India border.
(AP, 8/21/98)
1988 A census found that
southern Bhutan had a lot of illegal Nepalese settlers. Protestors
of the census were jailed, some expulsion orders were issued and
others were harassed out.
(WSJ, 3/6/97, p.A1)(Econ, 10/25/03, p.39)
1990 Feb 5, The Nepali Congress
passed a resolution officially launching the "country-wide peaceful
mass movement." Shortly thereafter, as many as 475 opposition party
members, human rights advocates, students, lawyers and journalists
were arrested. In a number of incidents, police opened fire
indiscriminately into crowds of unarmed demonstrators. Estimates of
the number killed range from 50 to several hundred. While the lower
figure probably is more accurate, the precise figure may never be
known because the police disposed of many of the bodies in secret
without conducting inquests.
(www.hrw.org/reports/1990/WR90/ASIA.BOU-07.htm)
1990 A parliamentary democracy
with 205 seats was adopted to replace the absolute monarchy. A
popular revolt led to the institution of a constitutional monarchy.
(WSJ, 5/3/99, p.A1)(SFC, 5/13/99, p.C2)(WSJ,
6/5/01, p.A26)
1990s The Gurkha Army
Ex-Servicemen's Organization (Gaeso) was founded along with the
publication of "Gurkha Soldier Voice."
(WSJ, 7/3/01, p.A11)
1991 May 26, In Nepal Girija
Prasad Koirala (1925-2010) became prime minister of the first
democratically elected government after a popular revolt ended
absolute rule by the king.
(AP,
3/20/10)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girija_Prasad_Koirala)
1991 Nepal banned the import of
2-stroke three wheelers due to the smog. The ban led to the
development of a fleet of electric three-wheelers.
(WSJ, 5/31/00,
p.B1)(www.environmentnepal.com.np/articles_d.asp?id=268)
1992 Sep 28, A Pakistani
jetliner crashed in Nepal, killing all 167 people aboard. The crew
had miscalculated their altitude.
(AP, 9/28/97)(SFC, 11/13/01, p.A10)
1992 In Nepal the region of
Mustang was opened to visitors. It was only accessible by a
week-long hike from the town of Jomsom along the Mustang River.
Explorer and artist Robert Powell began visiting there and creating
local paintings.
(WSJ, 3/5/99, p.W10)
1992 Dwarika Das Shrestha,
founder of Dwarika's Hotel in Kathmandu, Nepal, died.
(SFEM, 9/17/00, p.94)
1994 Nov 30, In Nepal Man Mohan
Adhikari (1920-1999) succeeded Girija Prasad Koirala as prime
minister. He represented the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified
Marxist-Leninist) and was the first democratically-elected Communist
Party member to be PM in Nepal.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girija_Prasad_Koirala)
1994 The United People's Front
boycotted the elections after a confrontation with the ruling Nepali
Congress Party.
(SFC, 5/13/99, p.C2)
1995 Nov 10, Searchers in
Kathmandu, Nepal, rescued 549 hikers after a massive avalanche
struck the Himalayan foothills, killing 24 tourists and 32 Nepalese.
(AP, 11/10/00)
1995 A center-right government
came to power.
(WSJ, 8/22/96, p.A1)
1996 Feb, A Maoist insurgency
began central and midwestern in Nepal. The Communist Party of Nepal
launched its "people's war" to surround cities and seize power.
Kathmandu communists Baburam Battarai and Pushpa Kamal Dahal
preached their Maoist proposal initially among the majority Magars,
an ethnic group of sheepherders and marijuana growers.
(SFC, 9/16/00, p.A12)(SSFC, 6/9/01, p.D3)(SSFC,
4/10/05, p.C6)
1996 Feb, Archeologists in
Nepal believed that they had discovered the birth place of
Siddartha, who in the 6th century BC became the monk Buddha.
(WSJ, 2/6/96, p.A-11)
1996 May 10, A blizzard
suddenly erupted on Mt. Everest and led to the death of 8 climbers
descending from 29,028 foot summit. Jon Krakauer, journalist, was on
the expedition and in 1997 published "Into Thin Air," an account of
the ordeal. The climbers were part of an IMAX film expedition.
(SFC, 5/15/96, A-10)(WSJ, 5/30/97, p.A16)(WSJ,
6/4/01, p.A20)
1996 Aug, The Communists called
a general strike against the center-right government.
(WSJ, 8/22/96, p.A1)
1996 Durga Pokhrel, ex-patriot
Nepalese journalist, authored “Shadow Over Shangri-La: A Woman’s
Quest for Freedom.”
(SSFC, 11/12/06, p.M3)
1997 Mar 6, The 17-month
coalition of Prime Minister Sher Bahadur Deuba was defeated and
Deuba resigned. King Birendra asked Deuba's centrist Nepali Congress
Party to continue until the formation of a new council of ministers.
(SFC, 3/7/96, p.A17)
1997 Mar 10, King Birendra
named Lokendra Bahadur Chand as prime minister and gave him 30 days
to form a majority in the 205-seat House of Representatives. The
Communists held 90 seats and backed Chand to form a coalition.
(SFC, 3/11/97, p.A11)
1997 Apr-Nov, An outbreak of
Japanese encephalitis has claimed at least one hundred lives over
this period. The flu-like disease is an inflammation of the brain
and is spread by mosquitoes.
(SFEC,11/2/97, p.T14)
1997 Jun 11, Prakash Chandra
Lohani, the foreign minister, resigned and accused the ruling
coalition of Communists of cheating in last month's elections.
(SFC, 6/12/97, p.A14)
1997 Nov 8, It was reported
that a man-eating tiger that killed 100 people was finally tracked
down and killed in the Baitadi district.
(SFC,11/8/97, p.A16)
1998 Apr 15, In Nepal Girija
Prasad Koirala began his 2nd term as prime minister. He succeeded
Krishna Prasad Bhattarai.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girija_Prasad_Koirala)
1999 May 2, In Nepal insurgents
killed 2 police officers the day before parliamentary elections that
they asked voters to boycott. The rebels demanded land reforms and
an end to the monarchy. Election related violence left at least 10
people dead.
(WSJ, 5/3/99, p.A1)(WSJ, 5/4/99, p.A1)
1999 May 3, In Nepal elections
for the parliament began.
(WSJ, 5/4/99, p.A1)
1999 May 10, Voting began in a
2-stage election process and 4 people were killed in violence.
Nepalese insurgents were led by Pushpa Kamal Dahal, aka Comrade
Prachnanda or the Furious One.
(SFC, 5/13/99, p.C2)
1999 Dec 24, In Nepal 5 Sikh
men hijacked an Indian Airlines A-300 Airbus, Flight 814, with 189
people onboard. After 3 stops for refueling it landed in Kandahar,
Afghanistan, where it was surrounded by Taliban militia. 26
passengers were released in Dubai. They called for the release of
Maulana Massood Azhar, a Pakistani religious leader and other
Kashmiri militants. They later raised their demands to $200 million,
the release of 35 jailed guerrillas and the exhumation of a dead
comrade buried in India. [see Dec 29]
(SFC, 12/25/99, p.A1)(WSJ, 12/27/99, p.A1)(SFC,
12/28/99, p.A9)(SFC, 12/29/99, p.A1)
2000 Feb 22, In Nepal police
killed 19 Maoist rebels in the midwestern mountains. The police
operation followed days after guerrillas killed 15 policemen and
injured another 16 in the bombing of a police station.
(SFC, 2/24/00, p.A14)
2000 Mar 22, In Nepal Girija
Prasad Koirala began his 3rd term as prime minister. He succeeded
Krishna Prasad Bhattarai.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girija_Prasad_Koirala)
2000 Mar 27, A general strike
turned violent in Kathmandu.
(SFEC, 4/9/00, p.T15)
2000 Apr 6, Maoists called for
an "armed strike" in Kathmandu.
(SFEC, 4/9/00, p.T15)
2000 Jul 17, Nepal’s King
Birendra abolished debt-bondage slavery following efforts by Kevin
Bales, an American anti-slavery activist. Soon some 40,00 families
in 5 districts suddenly found themselves emancipated and evicted by
slaveholders. They moved into refugee camps and by 2007 a third
still lived in the camps. In 2007 Bales authored “Ending Slavery:
How We Free Today’s Slaves.”
(SSFC, 9/30/07, p.M1)
2000 Sep 15, The government
reported that the Maoist insurgency had killed over 1,400 people the
last 4 years. 209 police personnel, 979 rebels and 249 civilians
were killed.
(SFC, 9/16/00, p.A12)
2000 Sep 25, Maoist rebels
killed 12 police officers in Dunai with crude bombs and guns.
(SFC, 9/26/00, p.A14)
2000 Dec 26, In Kathmandu
rioting began and 4 people were killed following a rumor that
Hrithnik Roshan, an Indian film star, allegedly spoke of his hate
for Nepal and its people. Roshan denied making such comments.
(SFC, 12/28/00, p.C2)
2000 Pushka Gautam, Maoist
commander in Nepal, defected and established himself as a
Kathmandu-based writer.
(Econ, 12/4/04, p.41)
2001 cMar 27, A huge avalanche
killed 3 members of an Australian army expedition, including an
8-year-old girl, near Dhunche.
(SFC, 3/28/01, p.D4)
2001 Apr 2, A Maoist insurgency
killed at least 38 people.
(SFC, 4/3/01, p.A9)
2001 Apr 8, Maoist rebels
killed 28 policemen over the weekend. The government said it was
ready to begin talks, but the top opposition party wanted the
premier to quit.
(WSJ, 4/9/01, p.A1)
2001 Apr 10, In Singapore
doctors completed a 4-day operation to separate 11-month-old Siamese
twins, Jamuna and Ganga Shrestha of Nepal. The girls had
joined heads.
(SFC, 4/11/01, p.C3)
2001 Apr 29, Babu Chhiri (35),
Sherpa guide and mountain climber, died from a fall into a crevasse
on Mt. Everest.
(SFC, 5/1/01, p.B2)
2001 May 22, Temba Tsheri (15)
became the youngest person to scale Mt. Everest.
(SFC, 5/25/01, p.A16)
2001 May 22, An Australian
climber fell to his death just 155 feet from the summit of Mt.
Everest.
(SFC, 5/25/01, p.A16)
2001 May 24, Erik Weihenmayer
(32) of Golden, Colorado, became the 1st blind person to reach the
top of Mt. Everest. Sherman Bull of New Canaan, Conn., became the
oldest person to reach the peak. 94 climbers reached the summit over
4 days.
(SFC, 5/26/01, p.A1)(SSFC, 5/27/01, p.A14)
2001 May 27, A 3-day strike was
called by the opposition parties who demanded that Prime Minister
Girija Prasad Koirala resign for his role in a bribery case
involving the lease of a commercial jet for state-run Royal Nepal
Airlines.
(SFC, 5/28/01, p.B12)
2001 Jun 1, Crown Prince
Dipendra (29) killed at least 8 members of the royal family before
shooting himself. King Birendra, Queen Aiswarya, Princess Shruti,
Prince Nirajan, 3 of the King's sisters and a brother-in-law were
all shot to death. Dipendra was put on life support and Prince
Gyanendra (54), the king's younger brother, was appointed as
assistant to the crown. There was an apparent dispute over his
upcoming marriage.
(SFC, 6/2/01, p.A1)(SSFC, 6/3/01, p.A14)
2001 Jun 4, King Dipendra died
3 days after allegedly shooting the royal family and himself. Prince
Gyanendra was named king.
(SFC, 6/4/01, p.A8)
2001 Jun 14, A panel of inquiry
reported that Prince Dipendra was tipsy from whiskey and high on
hashish when he killed his family members Jun 1.
(SFC, 6/15/01, p.A18)
2001 Jul 19, PM Girija Prasad
Koirala resigned over pressures from a bribery scandal in his
government.
(SFC, 7/20/01, p.D3)
2001 Jul 22, Sher Bahadur Deuba
was chosen as prime minister.
(SFC, 7/23/01, p.A9)
2001 Jul 23, The new government
declared a unilateral ceasefire and called on Maoist rebels to talk
peace. In a recent skirmish guerrillas killed at least 17 police
officers in Pandusen.
(WSJ, 7/24/01, p.A1)(SFC, 7/24/01, p.A12)(SFC,
7/31/01, p.A10)
2001 Aug 16, The government
outlawed discrimination against members of the lowest caste, the
Dalits, who would be free to enter any temple or religious
structure.
(SFC, 8/17/01, p.A12)
2001 Sep 9, In Damak, Nepal, a
Bhutanese leader, R.K. Budhathoki, was attacked and killed with
khukris, the traditional Nepalese curved knives.
(SFC, 9/10/01, p.B2)
2001 Nov 21, Nepal's Maoist
rebel leader Prachanda (b.1954), the name means fierce, announced a
withdrawal from a 4-month cease-fire agreement. Attacks on police
stations and government installations quickly followed.
(SFC, 11/24/01, p.A12)(Econ, 8/23/08,
p.33)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prachanda)
2001 Nov 23, Maoist rebels
killed 14 soldiers and at least 23 police in a wave of attacks.
Authorities believed that some 80 rebels were killed in the
gunbattles.
(SSFC, 11/25/01, p.A18)
2001 Nov 25, In Solukhumbu 28
people were killed during Maoist rebel attacks.
(SFC, 11/27/01, p.A6)
2001 Nov 26, Nepal went into a
state of emergency as the death toll from recent Maoist rebels
attacks mounted to 76.
(SFC, 11/27/01, p.A6)
2001 Dec 6, The anti-rebel
campaign was reported to have left 250 dead since rebel attacks
began Nov 23.
(WSJ, 12/7/01, p.A1)
2001 Dec 31, Tourism for the
year plunged 21%.
(WSJ, 1/2/02, p.A1)
2001 Jamling Tenzing Norgay
authored "Touching My Father's Soul" with Broughton Coburn.
(WSJ, 6/4/01, p.A20)
2001 Bhutan and Nepalese
authorities agreed on a joint screening system to determine on which
refugees would be allowed to go back to Bhutan. Over 100,000 people
were in refugee camps in Nepal.
(Econ, 10/25/03, p.39)
2002 Feb 17, In Nepal Communist
rebels killed 129 police, soldiers and civilians in Mangalsen and
Sanphebaga.
(SFC, 2/18/02, p.A3)
2002 Feb 18, Legislators called
for the government to resign.
(SFC, 2/19/02, p.A7)
2002 Feb 20, Security forces
killed 12 Maoist guerrillas in fighting at Kalikot and other
locations.
(SFC, 2/21/02, p.A13)
2002 Feb 21, The army killed 48
guerrillas and the parliament extended the state of emergency by 3
months.
(SFC, 2/22/02, p.A14)
2002 Feb 22, In Nepal rebels
attacked a police post and killed at least 32 officers. They killed
5 bus passengers in a separate attack. The army said 10 rebels were
killed in other fighting. Rebels called a 2-day nationwide general
strike.
(SFC, 2/23/02, p.A12)(SSFC, 2/24/02, p.A20)
2002 Feb 27, Nepalese soldiers
killed 27 rebels over the last 2 days as part of a military
offensive.
(SFC, 2/28/02, p.A9)
2002 Apr 12, Rebel attacks
killed 160 people. 60 police officers were killed defending the
house of Interior Security Minister Khum Bahadur Khadka. 27 officers
who surrendered were beheaded and 2 were burned alive.
(SSFC, 4/14/02, p.A14)
2002 Apr 23-28, Maoist rebels
called for a national strike.
(SSFC, 5/12/02, p.C8)
2002 May 2, PM Sher Bahadur
Deuba rejected a reported offer by rebel leader Prachand to hold
peace talks.
(SFC, 5/4/02, p.A9)
2002 May 3, In western Nepal
security forces killed at least 90 Maoist guerrillas.
(SFC, 5/4/02, p.A9)
2002 May 4, Security forces
increased the number of rebels killed to 350.
(SSFC, 5/5/02, p.A16)
2002 May 6, The government
reported that army air strikes had killed an additional 200 rebels
in the remote districts of Rolpa and Pyuthan.
(SFC, 5/7/02, p.A11)
2002 May 8, Fighting continued
in western Nepal. Guerrillas regained control of Gam. The army
reported 518 people killed, including 410 rebels, since May 2.
Rebels offered a one-month cease-fire. The government rejected the
offer.
(SFC, 5/8/02, p.A9)(WSJ, 5/10/02, p.A1)(WSJ,
5/13/02, p.A1)
2002 May 16, A record 54
climbers reached the top of Mount Everest.
(WSJ, 5/17/02, p.A1)
2002 May 22, King Gyanendra
dissolved parliament and ordered elections due to rifts over a
proposed extension of emergency rule.
(SFC, 5/23/02, p.A12)
2002 Jun 12, In Nepal some 300
Maoist rebels attacked an army camp in western Salyan district and
killed at least 5 soldiers.
(SFC, 6/14/02, p.A16)
2002 Jun 23, A wild elephant
killed 10 people on the India-Nepal border.
(SFC, 6/25/02, p.A8)
2002 Jul 23, In Nepal floods
and landslides triggered by heavy monsoon rains killed at least 11
people over the last 2 days, bringing to 67 the number of deaths
caused by bad weather over the past two weeks.
(Reuters, 7/23/02)
2002 Jul 25, Torrential monsoon
rains and overflowing rivers worsened flooding in eastern India,
Nepal and Bangladesh and officials said 218 people have died and
more than six million people have been left homeless during the last
5days.
(Reuters, 7/25/02)
2002 Jul 28, Torrential
overnight rains set off more floods in eastern India as the death
toll from floods in India, Nepal and Bangladesh passed 300.
(Reuters, 7/28/02)
2002 Aug 13, Deaths from
flooding in Bangladesh (157), India (265) and Nepal (422) and
reached at least 874.
(SFC, 8/13/02, p.A15)
2002 Aug 20, In Nepal army
soldiers reportedly killed at least 30 Maoist rebels at a remote
training camp.
(SFC, 8/22/02, p.A10)
2002 Aug 21, In east Nepal a
massive landslide triggered by monsoon rains wiped out a village,
killing at least 60 people.
(AP, 8/21/02)
2002 Aug 22, In Nepal a small
plane carrying 18 people, including tourists from Germany, the
United States and Britain, crashed into a mountain in bad weather,
killing all aboard.
(Reuters, 8/22/02)(AP, 8/22/03)
2002 Aug 28, Nepal's government
announced that it was lifting a state of emergency imposed in Nov,
2001.
(SFC, 8/29/02, p.A12)
2002 Sep 7, In Nepal over one
thousand Maoist rebels, fighting to topple Nepal's constitutional
monarchy, attacked a police post in the east of the country and
killed 49 police officers.
(Reuters, 9/8/02)
2002 Sep 9, In Nepal Maoist
rebels launched an overnight attack on a remote Nepali town
targeting several government offices. At least 57 soldiers and
police were killed and a counterattack was launched.
(Reuters, 9/9/02)(SFC, 9/10/02, p.A11)
2002 Sep 13, In Nepal 9 police
officers were killed when their jeep drove over a land mine. The
6-year Maoist insurgency has left nearly 5,000 people dead.
(SFC, 9/14/02, p.A10)
2002 Sep 22, In Nepal Maoist
rebels fighting the constitutional monarchy have called for a
three-day countrywide strike aimed at disrupting general elections
slated to begin on November 13. The army killed 76 rebels over the
last 2 days.
(Reuters, 9/22/02)(SFC, 9/23/02, p.A8)(SFC,
9/24/02, p.A13)
2002 Sep 23, Nepali troops
fought a fierce battle with Maoist rebels and killed 24 guerrillas.
The death toll from the fighting took the number of insurgents
killed in the last five days to 143.
(Reuters, 9/25/02)
2002 Oct 4, In Nepal King
Gyanendra stunned the country when he announced he was firing Prime
Minister Sher Bahadur Deuba, postponing November elections and
assuming direct power for the first time since absolute rule by the
monarchy was abolished in 1990.
(Reuters, 10/5/02)
2002 Nov 11, Nepal security
forces killed at least 10 rebels as guerrillas called for a 30day
strike.
(WSJ, 11/12/02, p.A1)
2002 Nov 14, In Nepal thousands
of Maoist rebels stormed two remote towns, fighting pitched battles
with security forces in which at least 118 people were killed.
(Reuters, 11/15/02)
2002 Dec 8, In Nepal 5 people
were killed and more than 30 were injured when Maoist rebels blew up
a bus in east Nepal.
(Reuters, 12/8/02)
2002 Dec 15, Troops in Nepal
shot dead 11 Maoist rebels during gunbattles across the troubled
Himalayan nation over the past 24 hours, while guerrillas killed a
soldier in the west of the country.
(Reuters, 12/15/02)
2003 Jan 12, The death toll
from a month-long cold spell rose to 986 people in northern India,
Nepal and Bangladesh.
(AP, 1/13/03)
2003 Jan 25, In Nepal suspected
Maoist rebels gunned down police chief Krishna Mohan Shrestha along
with his wife and bodyguard.
(SSFC, 1/26/03, p.A14)
2003 Mar 13, Nepal and Maoist
rebels agreed to release all prisoners of war and set guidelines for
peace.
(WSJ, 3/14/03, p.A1)
2003 Jun 4, In Nepal King
Gyanendra appointed a pro-monarchist Wednesday as Nepal's new PM.
Surya Bahadur Thapa replaces Lokendra Bahadur Chand, who resigned
last week.
(AP, 6/4/03)
2003 Jul 21, Monsoon rains were
reported to have killed at least 579 people in South Asia. India
reported a total of 263 deaths, Bangladesh 169, Pakistan 78, and
Nepal 69.
(AP, 7/21/03)
2003 Jul 31, In Nepal monsoon
rains triggered landslides, killing at least 48 villagers over the
last 2 days, burying houses and blocking a key highway.
(AP, 7/31/03)
2003 Aug 15, A landslide swept
through an army base in northern Nepal killing at least 15 soldiers,
and search teams scoured the debris for more bodies.
(AP, 8/16/03)
2003 Aug 17, Nepal’s government
forces detained and then shot dead 21 suspected Maoists in the
village of Doramba. In 2005 the major responsible was cashiered and
sentenced to 2 years in prison.
(Econ, 4/16/05,
p.23)(http://hrw.org/reports/2005/nepal0205/2.htm)
2003 Aug 27, Nepal's rebels
announced that they were ending a seven-month cease-fire and
withdrawing from peace talks with the government aimed at closing
seven years of insurgency.
(AP, 8/27/03)
2003 Sep 18, Nepal was shut
down in a 3-day strike imposed by Maoist rebels.
(WSJ, 9/19/03, p.A1)
2003 Oct 11, In Nepal at least
3 policemen and 35 Maoist rebels were killed in an overnight battle
as the rebels resumed attacks on government forces after a 9-day
cease-fire.
(AP, 10/11/03)
2003 Oct 13, In western Nepal
Communist rebels attacked a police training camp overnight, sparking
a gunbattle that left at least 12 policemen and 15 guerrillas dead.
(AP, 10/13/03)
2003 Oct 13, In Nepal soldiers
stormed a high school that had been taken over by rebels in a
mountain village, starting a gunbattle that left at least 11
insurgents and four students dead.
(AP, 10/14/03)
2003 Oct 28, In central Nepal
rebels attacked a police station, killing at least 8 people.
(AP, 10/28/03)
2003 Nov 15, In Nepal a
roadside bomb believed planted by rebels killed a brigadier general
and three soldiers.
(AP, 11/15/03)
2003 Dec 14, In Nepal Fighting
between suspected rebels and security forces intensified over the
weekend, killing at least 70 people in separate attacks across the
Himalayan kingdom.
(AP, 12/14/03)
2004 Feb 2, In Nepal some
15,000 people marched in downtown Kathmandu demanding democratic
reforms. Police broke up the rally with tear gas, water cannons and
bamboo batons, injuring at least 12 people.
(AP, 2/2/04)
2004 Feb 22, In Nepal a land
mine exploded beneath a bus carrying Nepalese soldiers, killing
three people and injuring 15 others.
(AP, 2/22/04)
2004 Mar 3, In eastern Nepal
leftist rebels attacked a telecommunications tower in mountains,
killing at least 29 soldiers and leaving 10 others missing.
(AP, 3/3/04)
2004 Mar 5, In Nepal some
10,000 demonstrators marched through the streets of the capital, the
latest protest against the king for dismissing an elected government
and replacing it with one loyal to the monarchy.
(AP, 3/5/04)
2004 Mar 20, Nepalese
government forces killed as many as 500 rebels, and at least 18
police and soldiers died in some of the fiercest fighting since a
cease-fire collapsed last year.
(AP, 3/21/04)
2004 Apr 4, Maoist rebels in
southern Nepal killed at least 9 police officers.
(SFC, 4/5/04, p.A2)
2004 Apr 9, In Nepal police
detained more than a thousand protesters for defying a ban on public
rallies, as an estimated 25,000 demonstrators flooded the streets of
the Kathmandu to demand that the king restore democracy.
(AP, 4/9/04)
2004 Apr 30, A bus skidded off
a mountain highway in central Nepal, killing at least 29 people.
(AP, 5/1/04)
2004 May 7, Nepal's prime
minister Surya Bahadur Thapa quit after weeks of protests demanding
the return of democracy in the Himalayan kingdom wracked by
political instability and a Maoist insurgency.
(AP, 5/7/04)
2004 Jun 2, In Nepal King
Gyanendra named Sher Bahadur Deuba, a former prime minister fired
two years ago for alleged incompetence, as prime minister again amid
political turmoil.
(AP, 6/2/04)
2004 Jun 14, Police in Nepal
said a land mine planted by suspected rebels blew up two police
trucks in western Nepal, killing at least 22 officers.
(AP, 6/14/04)
2004 Jun 16, In Nepal a
passenger bus veered off a mountainous highway west of the capital,
killing at least 12 passengers and leaving many more injured.
(AP, 6/16/04)
2004 Jun 18, In Nepal rebels
ambushed a police truck with a bomb and gunfire, also hitting a
nearby passenger bus in an attack that killed 14 policemen and 4
civilians, including at least one child.
(AP, 6/19/04)
2004 Jul 12, Monsoon floods
continued to wreak havoc across South Asia, killing 37 more people
and forcing millions to flee their homes or seek emergency shelter.
Flooding has killed 36 people in Bangladesh this year. A total of 47
people have died in Nepal since June. In India a total of 158 people
have died in flooding since the beginning of June.
(AP, 7/12/04)
2004 Jul 13, At least 13 people
-- eight Maoist guerrillas, two security men and three civilians --
were killed in revolt-racked Nepal during the last 24-hour period.
(AP, 7/13/04)
2004 Jul 15, In western Nepal
11 suspected Maoist rebels including two local leaders were killed
in armed clashes with security forces.
(AFP, 7/15/04)
2004 Jul 18, In Nepal Maoist
guerrillas abducted at least 50 students and a dozen teachers from a
school near the capital to try to force them to back a campaign
against the constitutional monarchy.
(AP, 7/19/04)
2004 Jul 20, In Nepal Communist
rebels freed about 50 students and a dozen teachers.
(AP, 7/20/04)
2004 Aug 8, The death toll from
monsoons in South Asia reached 1,972. At least 1,152 have died in
India, 691 in Bangladesh, 124 in Nepal and 5 in Pakistan.
(AP, 8/8/04)(SSFC, 8/8/04, p.A3)
2004 Aug 12, A Nepali court
sentenced notorious criminal Charles Sobhraj, also known as the
"Serpent" and the "Bikini Killer", to life imprisonment in
connection with the killing of an American backpacker in 1975.
(AP, 8/12/04)
2004 Aug 18, Communist rebels
isolated Nepal's capital from the rest of the country, stopping all
road traffic near Kathmandu by threatening to attack vehicles. The
campaign, announced last week, was aimed at pressuring the
government to free jailed guerrillas.
(AP, 8/18/04)
2004 Aug 24, Nepalese rebels
lifted a weeklong blockade that cut off Kathmandu from the rest of
the nation.
(WSJ, 8/25/04, p.A1)
2004 Aug 31, A video purporting
to show the methodical, grisly killings of 12 Nepalese construction
workers kidnapped in Iraq was posted on a Web site linked to a
militant group operating in Iraq.
(AP, 8/31/04)
2004 Sep 1, Nepal's government
imposed an indefinite curfew and appealed for calm after thousands
of demonstrators ransacked a mosque and clashed with police in the
capital to protest the slaying of 12 Nepalese hostages by Iraqi
militants.
(AP, 9/1/04)
2004 Sep 7, A Nepali labor
union with links to Maoist rebels asked 35 firms across the
embattled Himalayan kingdom to shut shop in a move aimed at
bolstering the guerrilla campaign to overthrow the monarchy.
(Reuters, 9/7/04)
2004 Sep 10, Nepali PM Sher
Bahadur Deuba vowed to crush a deadly Maoist revolt as giant
neighbor India promised more military help to fight the leftist
guerrillas.
(AP, 9/10/04)
2004 Nov 6, In western Nepal 9
Maoist rebels, five of them women, and a policeman were killed in a
series of clashes and an accidental explosion.
(AP, 11/7/04)
2004 Nov 20, In western Nepal
at least 26 rebel and government soldiers were killed during a clash
at a rebel training camp at Pandon.
(SFC, 11/22/04, p.A3)
2004 Nov 21, At least 66 Maoist
rebels and 10 government troopers were killed in an overnight clash
in Nepal's far-western Pandon village.
(AP, 11/21/04)
2004 Dec 15, In western Nepal
fighting killed at least 20 soldiers and six guerrillas.
(AP, 12/15/04)
2004 Dec 18, Maoist rebels
attacked a police post near Nepal's capital with crude bombs and
automatic weapons, killing five policemen.
(AP, 12/18/04)
2004 Dec 19, Suspected
communist rebels ambushed an army patrol near the Nepalese capital,
killing at least 9 soldiers. 3 rebels were killed in subsequent
fighting.
(AP, 12/19/04)
2004 Dec 23, Nepali soldiers
killed 22 Maoist rebels in a fierce gun battle in the west of the
country.
(AP, 12/23/04)
2004 Nepal’s government banned
all diesel-run 2-stroke three wheelers in the Kathmandu Valley due
to the smog.
(www.environmentnepal.com.np/articles_d.asp?id=268)
2005 Jan 5, In western Nepal
soldiers backed by helicopters raided a communist rebel hideout,
killing at least 30 guerrillas and foiling a planned attack on an
army base.
(AP, 1/5/05)
2005 Jan 9, At least five
Maoist rebels fighting to overthrow Nepal's constitutional monarchy
were killed, three days before a deadline for the guerrillas to
begin peace talks.
(AP, 1/10/05)
2005 Jan 13, Nepal's PM Sher
Bahadur Deuba said he would call elections and intensify a crackdown
against Maoist rebels after they turned down his offer of peace
talks.
(AP, 1/13/05)
2005 Jan 22, Nepali troops
killed at least nine Maoist guerrillas including four women in
weekend gunbattles in the west of the revolt-torn Himalayan kingdom.
(Reuters, 1/23/05)
2005 Feb 1, Nepal's King
Gyanendra dismissed government of PM Sher Bahadur Deuba and imposed
a state of emergency, cutting off his Himalayan nation from the rest
of the world as telephone and Internet lines were severed, flights
diverted and civil liberties severely curtailed.
(AP, 2/1/05)(AFP, 2/13/06)
2005 Feb 2, Nepal’s King
Gyanendra announced a 10-member Cabinet dominated by his own
supporters, one day after he dismissed the government.
(AP, 2/2/05)
2005 Feb 4, In Nepal dozens of
paramilitary police raided an underground political meeting and
rounded up a group of party officials, days after the king seized
power and banned public gatherings.
(AP, 2/4/05)
2005 Feb 10, Police in Nepal's
capital arrested 12 rights activists and quashed a rally to protest
the king's emergency rule, while rebels in the southwest killed five
policemen and freed comrades from a jail during a raid on a town.
(AP, 2/10/05)
2005 Feb 15, In eastern Nepal
an overnight clash between government troops and communist rebels
left at least 12 rebels and 3 soldiers dead.
(AP, 2/15/05)
2005 Feb 17, Nepal's King
Gyanendra set up a controversial anti-corruption body using
emergency provisions of the constitution.
(AP, 2/13/06)
2005 Feb 18, The royal
government plunged Nepal into a communications blackout, the
country's annual celebration of democracy, cutting phone service to
thwart opposition activists trying to organize nationwide protests.
(AP, 2/18/05)
2005 Feb 26, Nepal's rebel
chief said he was lifting a crippling countrywide blockade of roads
by his fighters to ease the discomfort of common people.
(AP, 2/26/05)
2005 Feb 27, At least 15 people
died in a fresh burst of violence in southern Nepal, after communist
rebels lifted a two-week highway blockade.
(Reuters, 2/27/05)
2005 Feb 28, In Nepal at least
50 Maoist rebels and 4 soldiers were killed in a gunbattle in the
western Bardiya district.
(AP, 3/1/05)
2005 Mar 4, Nepal government
forces killed at least 30 Maoist rebels in the western district of
Arghakhanchi.
(AP, 3/7/05)
2005 Mar 8, Nepali police
arrested nearly two dozen activists, including former ministers, as
they rallied in the Himalayan kingdom's capital on in one of the
biggest protests since King Gyanendra seized power last month.
(AP, 3/8/05)
2005 Mar 11, Nepal freed sacked
PM Sher Bahadur Deuba from house arrest, amid mounting international
pressure on the country's king to relinquish power and restore
democracy.
(Reuters, 3/11/05)
2005 Mar 30, Nepalese Finance
Minister Madhukar Shumsher Rana and Pakistan's Minister of State for
Economic Affairs Hina Rabbani Khar concluded two days of talks by
signing an agreement to boost trade and investment. Pakistan offered
Nepal five million dollars in trade credits and talks on a free
trade agreement after the first meeting of senior economic officials
of the two countries in a decade.
(AFP, 3/30/05)
2005 Apr 1, Nepal's royal
government freed a popular former prime minister and 258 other
detainees, the biggest prisoner release since King Gyanendra seized
full power 2 months ago.
(AP, 4/1/05)
2005 Apr 8, Nepalese soldiers
repelled a major rebel assault overnight on one of their bases in
the country's mountainous northwest, killing at least 50 communist
guerrillas during a battle that lasted more than 12 hours. Soldiers
soon recovered more bodies of Maoists killed in the raid, taking the
toll of rebels to 113 in the deadliest clash in the country in five
months.
(AP, 4/8/05)(AFP, 4/10/05)
2005 Apr 9, In Nepal 2 Russian
tourists were injured, two Nepali citizens were killed and 13 others
wounded in separate bombings by Maoist rebels.
(Reuters, 4/9/05)
2005 Apr 10, Nepal agreed to
immediately allow UN monitors into the country to help prevent human
rights abuses.
(AFP, 4/11/05)
2005 Apr 10, It was estimated
that Maoist guerrillas controlled two-thirds of Nepal.
(SSFC, 4/10/05, p.C6)
2005 Apr 13, In Nepal
businesses reopened and traffic resumed on major highways after an
11-day general strike called by communist rebels that crippled life
across the kingdom. The student wing of Maoist rebels demanded all
private schools shut down indefinitely.
(AP, 4/13/05)
2005 Apr 14, Nepal’s King
Gyanendra said he was ordering municipal polls to be held by
mid-April 2006 in view of an "improving law and order situation"
since he seized power. Opposition parties dismissed the king's
pledge as a sham and have urged a boycott of the municipal polls.
(AP, 4/15/05)
2005 Apr 15, Communist rebels
in southern Nepal dragged at least 10 males from their homes,
including a 14-year-old boy, and gunned them down for refusing to
take up arms with the guerrilla movement.
(AP, 4/17/05)
2005 Apr 19, Nepali soldiers
killed 22 Maoist guerrillas as the royalist government brushed aside
a rebel prediction of a victory in the nine-year civil war.
(AP, 4/19/05)
2005 Apr 22, Indian Foreign
Minister Natwar Singh met Nepal's King Gyanendra on the fringes of
an international summit in Jakarta and pushed for a restoration of
democracy.
(AFP, 4/22/05)
2005 Apr 23, In western Nepal 5
children were killed and three others wounded when a crude bomb left
by suspected Maoist rebels exploded.
(Reuters, 4/24/05)
2005 Apr 30, Nepal's King
Gyanendra lifted a state of emergency he imposed after seizing power
in February.
(AP, 4/30/05)
2005 May 1, In Nepal about ten
thousand people marched through Kathmandu, demanding the restoration
of democracy in the biggest show of opposition strength since King
Gyanendra seized absolute power three months ago.
(AP, 5/1/05)
2005 May 1, Michael O’Brien
(39) of Seattle, Wa., fell to his death on the Khumbu Icefall of
Mount Everest.
(SFC, 5/4/05, p.A3)
2005 May 6, In southwestern
Nepal unidentified gunmen fatally shot Narayan Pokhrel, the chief of
the World Hindu Council's Nepal chapter, while he was touring
villages.
(AP, 5/6/05)
2005 May 8, In Nepal seven
mainstream opposition parties agreed to form a united front to push
for a return to democracy following King Gyanendra's seizure of
power. Nepal's Maoist rebels soon threw their support behind the
decision.
(AP, 5/11/05)
2005 May 8, In Pakistan's
northwestern tribal region a bomb ripped through a car, killing 2
tribesmen.
(AP, 5/8/05)
2005 May 9, Nepali troops
killed 26 Maoist rebels who attacked a military base at Bandipur. 3
policemen and one soldier were also killed.
(AP, 5/10/05)
2005 May 14, In western Nepal
government soldiers rescued about 600 students who were abducted
from their classrooms in a series of bold strikes by communist
rebels.
(AP, 5/15/05)
2005 May 16, Nepalese troops
resumed their search for hundreds of children taken hostage by
Maoist insurgents in the mountains of western Nepal. In the latest
fighting, 4 rebels, 3 army soldiers and a policeman were killed in
Sandheni area, about 100 miles southeast of Kathmandu. Meanwhile,
Nepal's anti-corruption agency charged former Prime Minister Sher
Bahadur Deuba and five others with embezzling $53 million.
(AP, 5/16/05)
2005 May 27, In Nepal thousands
of activists rallied to demand a restoration of democracy in the
first such protest since the monarch seized power and ordered a
crackdown on politicians.
(AP, 5/27/05)
2005 May 29, In southwestern
Nepal Maoist rebels shot dead a policewoman and her four-year-old
son.
(AP, 5/29/05)
2005 Jun 6, In southern Nepal
at least 37 people were killed and dozens more wounded when a
crowded bus detonated a land mine planted by suspected communist
rebels.
(AP, 6/6/05)
2005 Jun 8, Nepalese police
arrested 53 journalists as they protested press restrictions.
(AP, 6/8/05)
2005 Jun 13, In Nepal police
arrested nearly 100 journalists during a protest to demand King
Gyanendra immediately lift media restrictions imposed 4 months ago.
At least 14 rebels and security force members were killed in a
gunbattle.
(AP, 6/13/05)
2005 Jun 13, In India officials
said at least 275 people have died from sunstroke and dehydration in
northern India and neighboring Nepal and Bangladesh so far this
summer, as high temperatures sweep the region ahead of the monsoon.
(AP, 6/13/05)
2005 Jun 14, Nepal freed all
the journalists detained in a protest of media restrictions, bowing
to international demands that the reporters be released at once.
(AP, 6/14/05)
2005 Jun 22, South Asia endured
one of its hottest summers on record and at least 375 people were
reported to have died from sunstroke and dehydration in a month-long
heat wave sweeping India, Nepal, Pakistan and Bangladesh.
(Reuters, 6/22/05)
2005 Jun 29, A state dept.
officials said the US has suspended a shipment of M-16 rifles to
Nepal to protest at King Gyanendra's takeover in February.
(AP, 6/29/05)
2005 Jul 15, Nepal's king
appointed a dozen loyalists to ministerial jobs.
(AP, 7/15/05)
2005 Jul 19, In Nepal police
broke up a demonstration in the capital by hundreds of students
protesting the king's seizure of absolute power.
(AP, 7/19/05)
2005 Jul 24, In Nepal police
used batons to break up a protest by supporters of the detained
former prime minister, leaving about 15 demonstrators and 10 police
injured.
(AP, 7/24/05)
2005 Jul 25, Nepal's main
political parties rejected an appeal by the country's Maoist rebels
for talks to plan joint opposition to King Gyanendra's seizure of
power, saying the guerrillas should stop killing civilians first.
(Reuters, 7/25/05)
2005 Jul 26, Nepal's former
prime minister and a member of his Cabinet were convicted of
embezzlement by the king's anti-corruption commission and sentenced
to two years in prison.
(AP, 7/27/05)
2005 Jul 30, Maoist guerrillas
in eastern Nepal kidnapped seven civil servants.
(AP, 7/30/05)
2005 Jul 31, Maoist rebels
freed seven government officials they had seized in eastern Nepal,
and all were safe and in good health.
(AP, 7/31/05)
2005 Aug 7-2005 Aug 8, In Nepal
communist insurgents overran about 200 troops 340 miles northwest of
Kathmandu and killed at least 40 soldiers in fierce clashes between
the military and Maoist rebels.
(AP, 8/9/05)(AP, 8/12/05)
2005 Aug 12, The Nepali army
said faulty Indian assault rifles were partly responsible for its
heavy death toll in a gun battle with Maoist rebels as troops hunted
for 75 soldiers still missing after the fighting.
(AP, 8/12/05)
2005 Aug 22, In southern Nepal
a land mine planted by suspected communist rebels killed at least
four police officers and injured three others.
(AP, 8/22/05)
2005 Aug 23, Officials said
Nepal's main political parties will hold talks with Maoists on
forming a broad front against King Gyanendra provided the rebels
keep to their promise to stop killing civilians.
(AP, 8/23/05)
2005 Aug 30, The UN said it was
alarmed by the rising number of disappearances in Nepal's civil war
and blamed both government troops and Maoist rebels. The state
National Human Rights Commission said since 1996 almost 1,000 people
had disappeared in the conflict. The 2005 UN report said no less
than 136 people had disappeared in 2004.
(AP, 8/30/05)(Econ, 11/19/05, p.45)
2005 Sep 2, Former Nepali PM
Girija Prasad Koirala vowed to intensify anti-king protests, a day
after he won a 3rd term as chief of Nepal's oldest political party,
the Nepali Congress.
(AP, 9/2/05)
2005 Sep 3, Communist rebels in
Nepal said that they were unilaterally suspending attacks for the
next three months.
(AP, 9/3/05)
2005 Sep 4, In Nepal police
fired tear gas and used bamboo batons to stop pro-democracy
demonstrators from marching into the capital's center, arresting
former PM Girija Prasad Koirala (80) and dozens of other protesters.
(AP, 9/4/05)
2005 Sep 5, In Nepal more than
a dozen demonstrators were hurt in violent clashes with police, the
3rd day of protests against King Gyanendra's seizure of power seven
months ago. Authorities released more than 50 pro-democracy
protesters detained over the weekend.
(AP, 9/5/05)
2005 Sep 14, In Nepal police
fired tear gas and beat protesters with batons as 7,000 people
poured into the center of the Nepalese capital in continuing
pro-democracy rallies.
(AP, 9/14/05)
2005 Sep 16, In Nepal police
arrested 87 journalists as they gathered in Kathmandu to protest
media restrictions while thousands of pro-democracy activists
demonstrated elsewhere in the city to demand an end to absolute
royal rule. About 200 of those protesters were also arrested.
(AP, 9/16/05)
2005 Sep 20, Nepalese police
arrested more than 400 people in protests against King Gyanendra's
rule.
(AFP, 9/20/05)
2005 Oct 20, The roof of a
hospital in central Nepal collapsed, killing at least 10 people and
injuring nine others.
(AP, 10/20/05)
2005 Oct 24, An official said
more than a dozen climbers from France and Nepal were swept away in
an avalanche on a Himalayan mountain and believed killed. The
mountaineers were reported missing last week after heavy snowfall
hit the Himalayas.
(AP, 10/24/05)
2005 Oct 28, A general strike
shut down schools, businesses and transportation in Kathmandu in a
protest of new laws restricting the media for criticizing Nepal's
king.
(AP, 10/28/05)
2005 Nov 12, In Dhaka,
Bangladesh, Nepal’s King Gyanendra, who sacked his elected
government earlier this year, repeated a pledge to hold
parliamentary elections in 2007 and urged his country's Maoist
rebels to put down their arms.
(AFP, 11/12/05)
2005 Nov 12, In Dhaka,
Bangladesh, a 2-day summit aimed to alleviate poverty and boost
trade and cooperation among Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives,
Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Leaders called for greater
cooperation within the region to deal with the aftermath of
disasters like the Kashmir earthquake and last year's devastating
tsunami.
(AFP, 11/12/05)
2005 Nov 22, Nepal's communist
rebels and seven main political parties said they have reached an
agreement to bolster opposition to King Gyanendra.
(AP, 11/22/05)
2005 Nov 28, Nepal's Supreme
Court ordered an end to a discriminatory practice that required
women under age 35 to get written consent from her parents or
husband to get a passport. The law had been previously enforced as a
measure to fight the trafficking of women.
(AP, 11/29/05)
2005 Nov, Nepal promulgated an
ordnance to restrict the autonomy of NGOs. Another ordnance banned
news on FM radio and prohibited criticism of the royal family.
(Econ, 11/19/05, p.46)
2005 Dec 2, In Nepal tens of
thousands of people marched in Kathmandu to demand restoration of
democracy.
(AP, 12/02/05)
2005 Dec 14, A Nepalese soldier
in Nagarkot ended an argument with a group of villagers by spraying
them with bullets, killing at least 11 people. 19 civilians were
injured.
(AP, 12/15/05)
2005 Manjushree Thapa authored
“Forget Kathmandu: An Elegy for Democracy,” an examination of events
in Nepal since 2001.
(Econ, 2/19/05, p.80)
2006 Jan 2, Communist rebels in
Nepal announced they would end a four-month cease-fire, saying they
had to take up arms to defend themselves against government attacks.
(AP, 1/2/06)
2006 Jan 5, Suspected rebels
killed 3 police and wounded 4 more in attacks across Nepal, while
hundreds of protesters marched through Kathmandu, demanding
restoration of democracy.
(AP, 1/5/06)
2006 Jan 14, In Nepal Maoist
rebels assaulted two police stations on the outskirts Kathmandu,
killing 12 and wounding six.
(AP, 1/14/06)
2006 Jan 19, Nepal's royalist
government detained nearly 80 activists and cut off mobile phone
services to foil organizers of an anti-government rally.
(AP, 1/19/06)
2006 Jan 20, In west Nepal
suspected communist rebels attacked a security checkpoint, killing
at least four policemen and injuring four others.
(AP, 1/20/06)
2006 Jan 21, In Nepal police
fired tear gas to disperse activists protesting the Nepalese king's
seizure of absolute power last year. At least 300 people were
arrested and 50 were injured.
(AP, 1/21/06)
2006 Jan 21, In southern Nepal
Maoist rebels and government forces clashed in Phapar Badi village,
killing 14 militants and six security forces.
(AP, 1/22/06)
2006 Jan 22, In Nepal an
electoral candidate in Janakpur was murdered.
(Econ, 1/28/06, p.40)
2006 Jan 23, Nepal's royal
government vowed to hold municipal elections next month despite a
boycott by major parties, street protests, a candidate's
assassination and rebel violence that killed 26 over the weekend.
(AP, 1/23/06)
2006 Jan 24, In Kathmandu,
Nepal, police fired tear gas and beat pro-democracy activists with
batons, hours after authorities lifted a ban on demonstrations.
(AP, 1/24/06)
2006 Jan 27-2006 Jan 28, In
Nepal 11 Maoist rebels fighting to overthrow the monarchy and two
soldiers were killed in a battle in the eastern part of the kingdom.
(AP, 1/28/06)
2006 Feb 1, Nepal's king
pledged to hold national elections within 15 months, the one-year
anniversary of his power grab, and claimed success in fighting
communist rebels, despite an overnight attack that killed at least
20 security forces.
(AP, 2/1/06)
2006 Feb 2, In Nepal the homes
of 3 mayoral candidates loyal to the king were bombed, a week before
nationwide municipal elections that insurgents have called a sham
and vowed to disrupt.
(AP, 2/2/06)
2006 Feb 3, A pro-government
candidate in Nepal's municipal election died after being shot by
communist rebels, the 2nd person to be assassinated ahead of next
week's polls.
(AP, 2/4/06)
2006 Feb 5, A general strike
called by communist rebels to disrupt elections in Nepal forced
schools and markets to close, and highways and city streets remained
deserted in much of this Himalayan nation.
(AP, 2/5/06)
2006 Feb 7, In Nepal Communist
rebels killed at least seven security forces and wounded 15 in two
overnight attacks. Government troops were given orders to shoot
anyone who tries to disrupt municipal elections.
(AP, 2/7/06)
2006 Feb 8, A rebel attack and
an army shooting of protesters marred Nepal's first elections in
seven years, as few voters turned out at schools, shrines and
temples for municipal balloting seen as a referendum on the king. At
least six people were killed.
(AP, 2/8/06)
2006 Feb 9, In Nepal thousands
of opposition protesters flooded the streets of Kathmandu, as early
results showed pro-government candidates sweeping local elections
that were marred by rebel attacks, the shooting of protesters and
low turnout.
(AP, 2/9/06)
2006 Feb 10, In western Nepal
communist rebels clashed with soldiers, leaving seven people dead,
as the royal government announced its mostly uncontested candidates
swept discredited local elections.
(AP, 2/10/06)
2006 Feb 13, In Nepal a
controversial anti-corruption body set up by Nepal's King Gyanendra
was dissolved, paving the way for the release of jailed ousted PM
Sher Bahadur Deuba.
(AFP, 2/13/06)
2006 Feb 15, In Nepal
insurgents ambushed an army patrol near the village of Bibeke, about
150 miles west of Kathmandu, killing at least three soldiers and
injuring two others.
(AP, 2/15/06)
2006 Feb 17, Nepal's Supreme
Court ordered the royalist government to release 37 political
detainees who opposed the king's rule, while communist insurgents
freed two abducted officials amid a major army offensive in the
southwest.
(AP, 2/18/06)
2006 Feb 18, Nepal's communist
insurgents called for an indefinite nationwide strike to begin Apr 3
as the country's major political parties prepared for a weekend
protest amid growing anger at the king's autocratic rule.
(AP, 2/18/06)
2006 Feb 22, In Nepal police
raided the house of Krishna Sitaula, a senior opposition leader
instrumental in organizing anti-government protests, and arrested
him two days after he was freed by the Supreme Court on similar
charges.
(AP, 2/22/06)
2006 Mar 1, Security forces in
western Nepal found 29 bodies of soldiers and suspected rebels at
the site of a fierce clash. Five insurgents were reported killed in
an accidental explosion.
(AP, 3/1/06)
2006 Mar 7, Hundreds of
communist rebels attacked security bases overnight and bombed
government buildings in eastern Nepal, sparking battles that left at
least 13 people dead.
(AP, 3/7/06)
2006 Mar 9, In southwestern
Nepal communist rebels attacked a security checkpoint with bombs,
killing at least three government security forces and wounding five.
(AP, 3/9/06)
2006 Mar 11, Nepalese officials
said a 15-year-old boy, whose followers believe he is the
reincarnation of Buddha, has disappeared after 10 months of
meditation in the jungle.
(AP, 3/12/06)
2006 Mar 13, Nepal's royal
government offered amnesty, cash, jobs and land to communist rebels
who surrender in the next three months.
(AP, 3/13/06)
2006 Mar 18, A Maoist-dictated
strike hobbled Nepal for a fifth day.
(AFP, 3/18/06)
2006 Mar 20, In Nepal About
1,000 pro-democracy activists marched in Kathmandu demanding King
Gyanendra free political detainees and give up powers he seized last
year.
(AP, 3/20/06)
2006 Mar 21, Nepalese soldiers
hunted down communist rebels in the northern mountains as
insurgents, some on motorbikes, attacked police stations. The day of
violence left at least 33 people dead.
(AP, 3/21/06)
2006 Mar 27, Nepalese army
helicopters launched an attack on a gathering of communist rebels in
the mountains of north-central Nepal, killing at least four people.
(AP, 3/27/06)
2006 Apr 3, The chief of
Nepal's communist rebels promised to suspend attacks on the capital
ahead of a planned nationwide strike, a first sign of easing
tensions in a battle of nerves between the king's government and its
opponents.
(AP, 4/3/06)
2006 Apr 5, In Nepal police
detained dozens of opposition politicians and ordered a night curfew
to thwart a planned general strike aiming to pressure King Gyanendra
to restore democracy.
(AP, 4/5/06)
2006 Apr 6, In Nepal police
arrested 300 protesters in Kathmandu, chasing them down narrow lanes
and beating them with batons on the first day of a general strike to
demand the king restore democracy. Maoist rebels said they had shot
down an army helicopter for the first time, during clashes in which
police reported five of their officers and three guerrillas killed.
(AP, 4/6/06)(AFP, 4/6/06)
2006 Apr 7, In Nepal police
fired tear gas and fought frenzied street battles with protesters on
the second day of a strike called by government adversaries of King
Gyanendra. Protesters said 150 people were arrested.
(AP, 4/7/06)
2006 Apr 8, In Nepal security
forces fired on anti-monarch demonstrators in separate marches,
killing one and wounding five.
(AP, 4/8/06)
2006 Apr 9, In Nepal security
forces fired at anti-monarchy demonstrators in eastern Nepal,
killing at least one man.
(AP, 4/9/06)
2006 Apr 10, In Nepal security
forces fired tear gas and beat protesters with batons to break up
democracy rallies as the political crisis deepened.
(AP, 4/10/06)
2006 Apr 12, In southern Nepal
police shot and killed an anti-government protester as authorities
foiled pro-democracy activists' plans to hold a mass rally in the
heart of Kathmandu and detained dozens of demonstrators.
(AP, 4/12/06)
2006 Apr 13, In Nepal police
fired rubber bullets and tear gas on hundreds of lawyers protesting
in Kathmandu, the eighth day of pro-democracy demonstrations.
(AP, 4/13/06)
2006 Apr 16, Nepal's sidelined
political parties called for a massive pro-democracy protest in the
capital on April 20 and urged citizens to stop paying taxes and
utility bills to help bring down the royal government.
(AP, 4/16/06)
2006 Apr 17, In Nepal security
forces in a southern town shot into a crowd marching on the main
highway to protest the royal dictatorship, killing one and wounding
five. Nepal deployed the army to ensure that food reaches the
capital and threatened to impose a new state of emergency, the 12th
day of a strike in which neither the king or opposition is backing
down.
(AP, 4/17/06)(AFP, 4/17/06)
2006 Apr 19, In southeastern
Nepal security forces opened fire on thousands of pro-democracy
protesters, killing at least 4 and wounding several others.
(AFP, 4/19/06)
2006 Apr 20, Nepalese police
opened fire on thousands of pro-democracy protesters marching toward
the capital in defiance of a government-imposed curfew, killing at
least three and wounding dozens.
(AP, 4/20/06)
2006 Apr 21, Nepal's king vowed
to return power to the people of this Himalayan kingdom after weeks
of massive protests and increasing international pressure. King
Gyanendra called on the seven main political parties to name a prime
minister as soon as possible.
(AP, 4/21/06)
2006 Apr 22, Nepali security
opened fire on tens of thousands of protesters marching toward the
royal palace in defiance of a curfew, as opposition leaders rejected
the king's proposals for restoring democracy.
(AP, 4/22/06)
2006 Apr 23, Nepali police
fired rubber bullets at thousands of protesters, struggling to
enforce a curfew imposed to keep persistent pro-democracy
demonstrators off the streets in the Himalayan country's deepening
crisis.
(AP, 4/23/06)
2006 Apr 24, In northern Nepal
communist rebels stormed army bases and government buildings in a
bold assault. A night-long gunfight left six people dead. In the
capital, security forces fired rubber bullets on crowds of
pro-democracy protesters. King Gayendra appeared on national
television shortly before midnight and read words that restored the
parliament.
(AP, 4/24/06)(Econ, 4/29/06, p.44)
2006 Apr 25, In Nepal tens of
thousands of people celebrated in the streets and weeks of
pro-democracy protests were called off after the king gave in to a
key demand to reinstate parliament. Girija Prasad Koirala began his
4th term as prime minister. He succeeded Sher Bahadur
Deuba.
(AP,
4/25/06)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girija_Prasad_Koirala)
2006 Apr 26, In southwestern
Nepal soldiers killed six villagers after thousands of civilians
tried to overrun an army camp. The killings were not believed to be
connected to the political turmoil that has gripped Nepal for weeks.
(AP, 4/26/06)
2006 Apr 27, Nepal's communist
rebels pledged to halt attacks for three months to give the
Himalayan country a chance for peace as a new government takes over
in the wake of bloody protests that forced the king to reinstate
parliament.
(AP, 4/27/06)
2006 Apr 28, Nepal's Parliament
reconvened for the first time in four years, and legislators
proposed a cease-fire with the Himalayan country's Maoist rebels and
elections for a constitutional assembly.
(AP, 4/28/06)
2006 Apr 29, Newly returned
Nepalese legislators demanded that King Gyanendra be stripped of
control over the 90,000-strong army, fearing he could use it to
regain power after his recent concession to weeks of pro-democracy
protests.
(AP, 4/29/06)
2006 Apr 30, Nepal's Parliament
called for a cease-fire with Maoist insurgents and elections for an
assembly to rewrite the constitution, as the new PM Girija Prasad
Koirala (84) urged the rebels to sit down for talks.
(AP, 4/30/06)
2006 May 2, Nepal's new prime
minister announced a seven-member Cabinet, designating a communist
as his deputy and foreign minister.
(AP, 5/2/06)
2006 May 3, Nepal's Cabinet
declared a cease-fire with communist rebels and will no longer
designate them as a terrorist group. Nepal's rebel chief ruled out
disarming his forces and launched a scathing attack on the nation's
new political leadership, according to the Maoists' website.
(AP, 5/3/06)(AFP, 5/3/06)
2006 May 4, In Nepal Communist
rebels agreed to a new round of peace talks with the government,
raising hopes for an end to a decade-old insurgency that has killed
13,000 people.
(AP, 5/4/06)
2006 May 9, In eastern Nepal a
school van plunged into a canal, killing at least nine students and
leaving several others missing.
(AP, 5/9/06)
2006 May 11, In Nepal Matrika
Yadhav and Suresh Ale Magar, 2 top rebel Maoist leaders, walked free
from jail after the new government dropped murder charges against
them, marking the administration's first major release of militants.
(AFP, 5/11/06)
2006 May 13, Nepal's communist
rebel chief put forth a peace plan that seeks the release of
political prisoners, the dissolution of parliament and the
constitution and the restructuring of the national army.
(AP, 5/13/06)
2006 May 15, David Sharp (34),
a British engineer, died at about 1,000 feet into his descent
from the summit of Mt. Everest. Dozens of people walked right past
him, unwilling to risk their own ascents.
(AP, 5/26/06)
2006 May 18, In Nepal lawmakers
moved to reduce dramatically the powers of the king, calling for him
to be stripped of his legal immunity, authority over the army and
exemption from paying taxes. The proclamation also declared Nepal a
secular state, ending its unique status as the world's last Hindu
kingdom.
(AP, 5/18/06)(AFP, 5/19/06)
2006 May 19, Nepal's new
government declared a public holiday after parliament passed a
proclamation stripping King Gyanendra of his powers and thousands of
people staged a celebration rally.
(AFP, 5/19/06)
2006 Jun 2, In Nepal tens of
thousands of Maoist rebels and supporters thronged the heart of
Kathmandu for their first mass meeting here to be addressed by
senior leaders.
(AFP, 6/2/06)
2006 Jun 9, India announced a
218-million-dollar economic package to help Nepal's new government
rebuild the troubled Himalayan country.
(AFP, 6/9/06)
2006 Jun 10, Nepal's Parliament
stripped King Gyanendra of his veto power over the legislature, the
latest measure to curtail his authority. Lawmakers also will no
longer need to seek the approval of the king before signing a bill
into law.
(AP, 6/11/06)
2006 Jun 11, Amnesty
International released a report saying China's sales of military
vehicles and weapons to Sudan, Nepal and Myanmar have aggravated
conflicts and abetted violence and repressive rule in those
countries.
(AP, 6/11/06)
2006 Jun 13, Nepal freed 190
jailed communist rebels after withdrawing terrorism cases against
them as part of efforts to forge peace with the insurgents.
(AP, 6/13/06)
2006 Jun 16, Nepal’s rebel
leader Prachanda met with top government officials and said the
Maoist rebels will join an interim government to be formed shortly.
(AP, 6/16/06)
2006 Jun 21, In Nepal a small
plane carrying nine Nepalese crashed into a mountain as it was
approaching an airstrip.
(AP, 6/21/06)
2006 Jun 22, Nepal's Maoist
rebels said they are not prepared to disarm but are willing to put
their army and their weapons under the supervision of the United
Nations.
(AP, 6/22/06)
2006 Jul 11, Nepal's Maoists
revealed for the first time how many soldiers they have, 36,000, in
published remarks.
(AP, 7/11/06)
2006 Jul 15, Heavy clashes
between Iraqi soldiers and gunmen in downtown Baghdad left 11 people
wounded. Provincial police in Ramadi confirmed that gunmen had
killed a member of the Iraqi Islamic Party. Gunmen kidnapped the
head of Iraq's Olympic committee and more than a dozen employees
storming a sports conference in Baghdad. The kidnappers wore
camouflage Iraqi police uniforms and security guards outside the
meeting said they did not interfere because they thought the gunmen
were legitimate law enforcement.
(AP, 7/15/06)
2006 Jul 28, In Nepal Communist
rebels and the government have extended a cease-fire for another
three months to allow talks aimed at ending a decade-long conflict
to continue.
(AP, 7/28/06)
2006 Aug 5, A minister said
Nepal plans to seize lands owned by King Gyanendra and other royal
family members and distribute them to the poor as it moves toward
treating the monarch like a "normal citizen."
(AFP, 8/5/06)
2006 Aug 9, Maoist rebels and
the Nepal government said they had settled a dispute over monitoring
each other's fighters and weapons, a move which revives their peace
process and power-sharing plans.
(AFP, 8/9/06)
2006 Aug 19, Demonstrations
erupted in Kathmandu, Nepal, after the government hiked fuel prices
by as much as 25% in a bid to save state-owned Nepal Oil Corp (NOC)
from bankruptcy.
(AFP, 8/19/06)
2006 Aug 20, Nepal’s government
withdrew hikes in gasoline, diesel and cooking fuel prices after
thousands of protesters clashed with police, blocked traffic and
vandalized government vehicles.
(AP, 8/20/06)
2006 Aug 26, In Nepal a
landslide in a mountainous western village killed at least 10 people
and injured three others.
(AP, 8/26/06)
2006 Sep 22, Nepal's interim
parliament passed a new law imposing tighter civilian control over
the army which was once fiercely loyal to the nation's royal family.
(AP, 9/22/06)
2006 Sep 23, In Nepal's
mountainous east a helicopter with 24 people aboard went missing.
Searchers found the wreckage on Sep 25. The 24 dead included 2
Americans, Nepalese Forestry Minister Gopal Rai, Finnish Embassy
Charge d'Affaires Pauli Mustonen and Canadian Jennifer Headley, a
coordinator for WWF, several Nepali journalists, government
officials and four crew members, two Russians and two Nepalis.
(AP, 9/23/06)(AP, 9/25/06)
2006 Sep, In Nepal a warrant
was issued for the arrest of Sitaram Prasain, who was accused of
stealing $4.3 million from his own bank. Members of the Young
Communist League kidnapped Prasain in June, 2007, and handed him
over to the police.
(Econ, 6/16/07, p.51)
2006 Oct 8, Nepal's government
and communist rebel leaders resumed peace talks after a four-month
stall, trying to resolve a dispute over whether the guerrillas
should disarm.
(AP, 10/8/06)
2006 Oct 28, In western Nepal
an overcrowded bus plunged off a mountain road, leaving at least 42
people dead and 45 injured.
(AP, 10/28/06)
2006 Nov 5, Nepal's rebel
leader Prachanda said they have made significant progress in peace
talks with the government and have informally agreed to lock up
weapons under United Nations supervision.
(AP, 11/5/06)
2006 Nov 7, In Nepal
peacemakers produced a deal supported by both Maoist rebels and the
coalition government.
(Econ, 11/11/06, p.49)
2006 Nov 8, Nepal's Maoists
declared an end to a decade of armed struggle and renounced violence
following a landmark peace deal with the Himalayan nation's ruling
parties.
(AFP, 11/8/06)
2006 Nov 21, Nepal's government
and rebels signed a peace deal to end a decade-long insurgency,
paving the way for the guerrillas to join the country's interim
government.
(AP, 11/21/06)
2006 In Nepal a second
“people’s movement” (Jana Andolan 2) toppled the dictatorship of
King Gyanendra.
(Econ, 5/8/10, p.46)
2007 Jan 15, Nepal’s Parliament
was dissolved and replaced by an interim legislature including
former communist rebels, a major step to co-opt the ex-guerrillas
into mainstream Nepalese politics after they agreed to end their
decade-long insurgency. 4-time prime minister Girija Prasad Koirala
became acting head of state, succeeding King Gyanendra.
(AP,
1/15/07)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girija_Prasad_Koirala)
2007 Jan 17, Nepal's former
communist guerrillas began an orderly handover of weapons to UN
monitors, putting in motion a landmark peace deal that calls for
thousands of fighters to disarm and be confined to camps.
(AP, 1/17/07)
2007 Feb 3, The Mahadhesi
ethnic community in southeastern Nepal demanded that the region be
turned into an autonomous state to end two weeks of unrest that has
claimed at least 13 lives.
(AFP, 2/3/07)(Econ, 1/27/07, p.43)
2007 Feb 4, In Nepal police
opened fire on protesters in two towns, killing at least three
people and wounding several more.
(AP, 2/4/07)
2007 Feb 8, Nepal's government
decided to replace the image of embattled King Gyanendra with an
image of Everest, the world's highest mountain, on 10 rupee (13
cent) bills.
(AFP, 2/9/07)
2007 Feb 24, In southern Nepal
police arrested at least 14 people after violence broke out between
Maoists and supporters of ethnic groups.
(AP, 2/24/07)
2007 Feb 26, Nepal’s Cabinet
appointed Gopal Man Shrestha to head the three-member committee,
which will have a month to investigate, locate, seize and
nationalize King Gyanendra's property.
(AP, 2/27/07)
2007 Feb 27, In southwestern
Nepal at least two people were killed in a clash between former
Maoist rebels and ethnic activists. A bus veered off a mountain
highway and plunged into a river, killing at least 13 people and
injuring another 25.
(AP, 2/27/07)(AFP, 2/28/07)
2007 Mar 8, The British
government bowed to pressure to improve conditions for Nepalese
Gurkha soldiers who have served in the British armed forces for two
centuries, granting them full pensions and other rights. Gurkhas
began serving as part of the Indian army in British-run India in
1815. Since Indian independence in 1947, Gurkha pensions have been
linked to those who served in the Indian army, not those in the
British army.
(AFP, 3/8/07)
2007 Mar 21, In southern Nepal
a fierce gunbattle near Gaur between former communist rebels and
ethnic rights activists, the Madhesi People’s Rights Forum (MPRF),
left 29 dead, mostly Maoists, and 35 wounded.
(AP, 3/22/07)(Econ, 3/31/07, p.51)
2007 Mar 23, Maoist
demonstrators displayed the bodies of 25 slain activists in open
trucks to protest their killings in Nepal's restive south. Thousands
demonstrated on the streets of the capital Katmandu two days after a
fierce battle between the former communist rebels and supporters of
an ethnic rights organization left 28 dead and more than 30 wounded
in the town of Gaur.
(AP, 3/23/07)
2007 Mar 30, Nepal's seven
ruling political parties and the country's former Maoist rebels
agreed to form a joint government, the latest step in ending a
decade of civil war.
(AP, 3/30/07)
2007 Mar, In Nepal a team of
international researchers, tipped by a local sheep herder,
discovered caves in the Mustang area containing manuscripts and
paintings of Buddha dating back at least to the 12th century.
(AP, 5/4/07)
2007 Mar, Nepal’s population
numbered some 28 million people. Brahmins, a priestly caste, and
Chhetris, a warrior caste, comprised Nepal’s 2 highest Hindu castes.
They made up about 28% of the population and have controlled the
country since it was unified in the 18th century.
(Econ, 3/10/07, p.39)
2007 Apr 1, Nepal's communist
rebels joined an interim government as part of a landmark peace deal
that ended their decade-long insurgency, pledging to ensure
development in the Himalayan nation and hold credible elections.
(AP, 4/1/07)
2007 Apr 16, Nepal's Maoists
demanded that the country immediately scrap the monarchy and declare
itself a republic amid probable delays in an election over the
issue.
(AFP, 4/16/07)
2007 Apr 17, A roadside bomb
hit a United Nations vehicle in southern Afghanistan's main city,
killing four Nepalese guards and an Afghan driver. An old artillery
shell exploded outside a school compound in the western city of
Herat, killing four children and wounding five others.
(AP, 4/17/07)
2007 May 1, The leader of
Nepal's Maoists threatened to push the nation back into turmoil by
launching huge nationwide protests unless parliament immediately
ousts the king and declares a republic.
(AP, 5/1/07)
2007 May 22, The UN's top
refugee official arrived in Nepal for a visit aimed at resolving the
fate of around 100,000 refugees from Bhutan stuck in Nepal for 16
years.
(AP, 5/22/07)
2007 May 30, In Nepal some
10,000 Bhutanese refugees demonstrated at the India-Nepal border,
where a day earlier Indian troops had opened fire, killing one
refugee.
(AP, 5/30/07)
2007 Jun 4, Experts warned at a
conference in Nepal's capital that Himalayan glaciers are retreating
fast and could disappear within the next 50 years.
(AFP, 6/4/07)
2007 Jul 6, In rural southern
Nepal 9 children and two adults died when a tractor pulling a
trailer carrying guests in a wedding procession skidded off a road
and into a canal.
(AP, 7/7/07)
2007 Jul 7, Nepal's king
celebrated his 60th birthday with a lavish ceremony at his palace
that set off protests in the streets of Katmandu.
(AP, 7/7/07)
2007 Jul 13, In Nepal
landslides in two mountainous districts killed at least 26 people
and injured 17 more.
(AP, 7/13/07)
2007 Aug 4, In Nepal the toll
from monsoon-triggered flooding and landslides stood at 91, with
most of the deaths in the Terai plains region on Nepal's southern
border with India.
(AP, 8/4/07)
2007 Aug 7, The toll from
severe floods across South Asia soared to nearly 1,900 and although
water levels in the region's swollen rivers started to recede,
millions of people in Bangladesh, India and Nepal still faced
hunger. About 40% of Bangladesh was under water.
(AFP, 8/7/07)(Econ, 8/11/07, p.34)
2007 Aug 9, The death toll from
the worst monsoon floods to hit South Asia in decades passed 2,000
even as torrents of muddy water receded from millions of acres of
farmland and rains shifted west.
(AFP, 8/9/07)
2007 Aug 20, A crowded bus
veered off a mountainous road in western Nepal, killing at least 19
people.
(AP, 8/20/07)
2007 Aug 31, In southern Nepal
tainted liquor killed at least 15 people and sickened several others
on the outskirts of Janakpur over the last 2 days.
(AP, 9/1/07)
2007 Sep 2, In Nepal 3 bombs
exploded almost simultaneously in and around Katmandu, killing at
least two people and injuring 13 in the first attack on Katmandu
since a communist insurgency ended last year.
(AP, 9/2/07)
2007 Sep 15, Officials said
nearly 13.5 million people have been marooned or displaced by floods
in India and Bangladesh. The flooding in South Asia caused by the
June-to-September monsoon has been described as the worst in
decades, with more than 3,300 people killed. Landslides and floods
in Nepal killed at least another 185 people since the start of
monsoon.
(AP, 9/15/07)
2007 Sep 17, Nepal's political
leaders held emergency talks with former rebel Maoists to try to
persuade the ultra-leftists not to storm out of the government and
launch nationwide protests.
(AFP, 9/17/07)
2007 Sep 18, Maoists stormed
out of Nepal's government and vowed to disrupt upcoming elections
after other parties refused to bow to the ex-rebels' demand for the
monarchy to be immediately abolished.
(AFP, 9/18/07)
2007 Sep 19, Nepal's Maoists
kicked off a controversial campaign to oust the monarchy, a day
after the ex-rebels stormed out of government in a blow to the
Himalayan country's peace process.
(AP, 9/19/07)
2007 Sep 26, The Nepali
Congress party, the Maoists' main partner in last November's peace
deal, endorsed a republican agenda, ending a traditional position of
support for some kind of royal role in the impoverished Himalayan
nation.
(AFP, 9/27/07)
2007 Sep 30, A trade union
affiliated with former communist rebels attacked Nepal's largest
newspaper office, destroying property and forcing a halt to
publication. The Kantipur Publication, which publishes the privately
run Nepali language newspaper Kantipur and English edition The
Kathmandu Post, was attacked by supporters of the All Nepal Printing
and Publication Workers' Union.
(AP, 10/1/07)
2007 Oct 5, Nepal's ruling
parties reluctantly agreed to Maoist demands to postpone upcoming
elections, ending one political crisis in the Himalayan nation but
still leaving the two sides deadlocked over other issues. 3
communist rebels shot and killed Birendra Shah a crusading
journalist. The group's leadership later said they did not order the
slaying and that the three men who took part have been kicked out of
the Maoist political party.
(AP, 10/5/07)(AP, 11/6/07)
2007 Dec 23, Nepal's major
political parties agreed to abolish the world's last Hindu monarchy
as part of a deal to bring former communist rebels back into the
government.
(AP, 12/24/07)
2007 Dec 25, In western Nepal a
steel footbridge collapsed when its suspension cables snapped,
sending scores of people into the river below. At least 15 people
were confirmed dead and over 50 were missing and dozens injured.
(AP, 12/25/07)(AP, 12/26/07)
2007 Dec 28, Nepal's parliament
voted in favor of abolishing the centuries-old monarchy and turning
this Himalayan nation into a republic.
(AP, 12/28/07)
2007 Dec 30, Former communist
rebels rejoined Nepal's government, ending a political crisis that
began when the ex-guerrillas walked out of a ruling coalition three
months ago.
(AP, 12/30/07)
2007 Dec 31, In Nepal 4 former
communist rebels were sworn in as Cabinet ministers, ending a
political crisis that began when the ex-guerrillas walked out of a
coalition government three-months ago.
(AP, 12/31/07)
2008 Jan 23, Nepal's government
reversed a fuel price hike after two days of nationwide protests and
clashes in the capital.
(AP, 1/23/08)
2008 Jan 30, In southern Nepal
34 people were wounded in a bomb attack at a political rally.
(AFP, 1/30/08)
2008 Feb 7, Nepalese
authorities arrested Amit Kumar, the alleged mastermind of a shadowy
organ transplant operation in India that illegally removed hundreds
of kidneys, sometimes from unwilling donors, at a jungle resort in
southern Nepal.
(AP, 2/8/08)
2008 Feb 13, In Nepal a
shortage of fuel prompted by strikes and protests in the south
forced the shutdown of much of the capital's public transportation
system.
(AP, 2/13/08)
2008 Feb 28, The Madhesi in
southern Nepal pledged to end violent protests and a paralyzing
general strike after reaching an agreement with the government to
establish autonomous regions in the Himalayan nation. 2 days after
the Madhesi agreement the government signed another agreement with a
2nd alliance of ethnic and regional groups.
(AP, 2/28/08)(Econ, 3/8/08, p.50)
2008 Mar 1, In Nepal some 1,300
makeshift bamboo huts were destroyed at the Goldhap refugee camp
before the blaze was brought under control. The fire left estimated
10,000 refugees without shelter.
(AP, 3/3/08)
2008 Mar 3, A UN helicopter
crashed while flying in bad weather in Nepal's mountainous east,
killing at least 10 people.
(AP, 3/3/08)
2008 Mar 19, In southern Nepal
masked gunmen shot and killed Kamal Prasad Adhikari, a candidate
from a small communist party contesting upcoming elections.
(AP, 3/19/08)
2008 Mar 25, In Nepal police
armed with bamboo sticks stopped a protest by Tibetan refugees and
monks in front of the Chinese Embassy and arrested about 100
participants.
(AP, 3/25/08)
2008 Mar 29, In Kathmandu,
Nepal, around 80 Tibetan protesters shouting "stop the killing in
Tibet" were hauled away in police vehicles and detained after
demonstrating outside the Chinese embassy.
(AP, 3/29/08)
2008 Apr 7, Nepal was rocked by
two bombings, the latest violence to hit campaigning for this week's
vote on the country's political future following a peace deal with
Maoist rebels.
(AFP, 4/7/08)
2008 Apr 8, In Nepal police
shot dead seven Maoists, and a man protesting the killing of an
election candidate was also shot dead by police. An election
candidate was assassinated in the west of the country.
(AFP, 4/9/08)
2008 Apr 9, Nepal was hit by
fresh violence, the eve of a landmark vote to decide the
impoverished country's political destiny and scrap the monarchy.
(AFP, 4/9/08)
2008 Apr 10, Nepal gave an
historic vote of support for a peace process that is set to abolish
an unpopular monarchy and reshape the impoverished country. The
final results were not expected for several weeks. Sporadic
violence, including two deaths in the ethnically tense south, was
reported.
(AFP, 4/10/08)
2008 Apr 12, Election officials
said Nepal's communist former rebels have won control in 11 of the
21 constituencies where vote counting has been completed in the
election for an assembly to write a new constitution.
(AP, 4/12/08)
2008 Apr 13, Election officials
said Nepal's Maoists had extended a stunning early lead in historic
polls, as vote counting continued.
(AP, 4/13/08)
2008 Apr 15, Nepal's former
rebels surprised observers by winning more than half of the directly
elected seats where counting was complete in an assembly that will
shape the Himalayan nation's political future. Re-voting was held in
six constituencies.
(AP, 4/15/08)
2008 Apr 18, In southern Nepal
Rudra Bahadur Singh, a candidate in last week's election from a
party that supports Nepal's discredited king, was fatally shot.
(AP, 4/19/08)
2008 Apr 24, Nepal's former
communist rebels were declared the biggest party in a new governing
assembly. While the Maoists won't have a majority, they are expected
to usher in sweeping changes for the poor Himalayan nation.
(AP, 4/24/08)
2008 Apr 30, An official said
Nepal will give the families of the 13,000 people killed in the
country's decade-long civil war more than 1,500 dollars each in
compensation.
(AP, 4/30/08)
2008 May 8, In Nepal Ram Hari
Shrestha, a Kathmandu businessman and supporter of the former
rebels, died after he was abducted and beaten by Maoist cadre.
(AFP,
5/21/08)(www.nepalhorizons.com/beta/news.php?newsid=2851)
2008 May 11, In Nepal police
detained more than 600 female Tibetan protesters, including many
Buddhist nuns, after breaking up several demonstrations against
China's recent crackdown in Tibet.
(AP, 5/11/08)
2008 May 19, In western Nepal
36 people were killed when an overcrowded bus careened off a
mountain highway into a river. Another 10 were presumed dead.
(AFP, 5/20/08)
2008 May 27, Nepal swore in 575
lawmakers who planned to declare a republic, which would
automatically displace the world’s last Hindu king.
(SFC, 5/28/08, p.A8)
2008 May 28, In Nepal lawmakers
voted just before midnight to abolish the 240-year-old Hindu
monarchy and establish a secular republic.
(AFP, 5/29/08)
2008 Jun 11, In Nepal deposed
King Gyanendra left his palace in Kathmandu for the last time. The
mistress (94) of his long dead grandfather, King Tribhuwan (d.1955),
was allowed to stay in the palace because she had no relatives or
house to move to.
(SFC, 6/12/08, p.A11)
2008 Jun 26, Nepal's PM Koirala
announced his long-delayed resignation, clearing the way for the
formation of a new coalition government led by former communist
rebels. A general strike to protest an increase in fuel prices shut
down the Nepalese capital, with schools, businesses and markets
closed and streets empty of vehicles.
(AP, 6/26/08)
2008 Jul 12, In western Nepal
about 500 riot policemen took senior officers hostage in a revolt
over ill treatment and poor food. They released their captives and
surrendered after a two-day standoff.
(AP, 7/13/08)(AP, 7/14/08)
2008 Jul 19, In Nepal lawmakers
failed to elect the country's first president and end weeks of
political deadlock. No candidate won the 298 votes necessary. A bus
veered off a mountain road and plunged into a river in central Nepal
killing 14 passengers and leaving many missing.
(AFP, 7/19/08)(AP, 7/19/08)
2008 Jul 21, Lawmakers in Nepal
voted in the Himalayan nation's first post-royal president, but
their rejection of a candidate backed by the Maoists was likely to
lead to more political deadlock. Ram Baran Yadav, who was supported
by the centrist Nepali Congress party, won 308 out of 590 votes cast
in Nepal's constitutional assembly.
(AFP, 7/21/08)
2008 Jul 22, Nepal's Maoists
said they would not form the Himalayan nation's first post-royal
government after the defeat of their candidate for president,
setting off a new political crisis.
(AFP, 7/22/08)
2008 Jul 27, Ram Baran Yadav,
Nepal's first president, appealed for rival parties in the
newly-republican nation to form a consensus government and end weeks
of political deadlock, in his maiden address to the people.
(AFP, 7/27/08)
2008 Jul 28, In Nepal
protesters blocked traffic and held demonstrations to protest the
decision by Paramananda Jha, the newly elected vice president, to
take his oath of office in Hindi,which is not recognized as an
official language.
(AP, 7/28/08)
2008 Jul 31, At least 36 Hindu
pilgrims from Nepal were killed when their bus plunged into a river
in the mountainous northern Indian state of Uttarakhand.
(AFP, 7/31/08)
2008 Aug 2, In Sri Lanka a
two-day summit of leaders of the 15th South Asian Association for
Regional Cooperation (SAARC), opened amid extraordinary security.
Leaders of Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, The Maldives,
Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka attended the summit. Government troops
captured rebel-held Vellankulam village in Mannar, the last rebel
stronghold in the area. Fresh fighting between Sri Lankan troops and
Tamil Tiger separatists killed 14 rebels and two soldiers across the
embattled northern region.
(AP, 8/2/08)(AP, 8/3/08)
2008 Aug 6, In Nepal a contest
to choose the next "Miss Nepal," slated August 7, was cancelled
after Maoist female lawmakers denounced the beauty pageant.
(AFP, 8/6/08)
2008 Aug 7, Critics of China's
human rights record made sure they were not forgotten, a day before
the grand opening of the Beijing Olympics, with protest actions the
world over and in China itself. Thousands of Tibetan exiles
demonstrated in Nepal and India.
(AFP, 8/7/08)(AP, 8/7/08)
2008 Aug 15, Officials said
Nepal's lawmakers have voted in Prachanda, the leader of the former
Maoist rebels, as the Himalayan country's new prime minister.
(AFP, 8/15/08)
2008 Aug 18, The leader of
Nepal's Maoists, Prachanda, was sworn in as prime minister,
finalizing his transformation from warlord to the country's most
powerful politician.
(AFP, 8/18/08)
2008 Aug 18, The river Kosi, a
tributary to the Ganges, burst an embankment on the Nepali side of
the border with India and flowed into a channel it had abandoned a
century earlier. Water flooded into Bihar state and displaced over 3
million people.
(Econ, 9/6/08, p.51)
2008 Sep 8, Nepal's Maoist-led
government vowed to end slave-like conditions for around 150,000
bonded laborers in the far west of the country who have been paying
off debt for generations.
(AFP, 9/8/08)
2008 Sep 11, Nepalese officials
said Tibetan exiles living in Kathmandu illegally are to be deported
in a bid to curb anti-China protests threatening Nepal's ties with
its giant neighbor.
(AFP, 9/11/08)
2008 Sep 13, Nepalese police
said at least six people have been killed in southern Nepal in
rampages by wild elephants in the last two days.
(AFP, 9/13/08)
2008 Sep 15, Hundreds of disco
workers protested in Kathmandu against a government crackdown on
"nude dancing" in its bid to improve the deteriorating law and
order.
(Reuters, 9/15/08)
2008 Sep 19, In central Nepal a
bus rolled off a mountain highway and crashed into a river, killing
at least 14 people and injuring 25 others.
(AP, 9/19/08)
2008 Sep 30, Former Nepalese
Gurkha soldiers won a legal test case on their bid for the right to
settle in Britain.
(AFP, 9/30/08)
2008 Oct 8, In Nepal a small
airplane crashed and caught fire as it tried to land in foggy
weather at a tiny mountain airport near Mount Everest, killing 18
people, including 16 tourists from Germany, Australia and Nepal.
(AP, 10/8/08)
2008 Dec 11, In southern Nepal
a crowded school bus skidded off a bridge on a highway, killing at
least 20 students and two teachers. At least 57 others were injured.
(AP, 12/11/08)
2008 Dec 21, In Nepal 12 staff
at a prominent newspaper and magazine publisher were injured when
they were attacked by dozens of Maoist activists angered by critical
coverage.
(AFP, 12/21/08)
2008 In Nepal a WWF survey
found just 121 adult tigers of breeding age in the country.
(AFP, 6/3/11)
2009 Jan 4, In eastern Nepal
dozens of people were missing after an overcrowded boat carrying
mostly women and children capsized in the Saptakosi river. More than
50 people were believed on board the boat and only 14 were rescued.
(AP, 1/4/09)(SFC, 1/5/09, p.A12)
2009 Mar 23, In southwest Nepal
at least one person was killed and another injured when a bomb
exploded inside a government building.
(AFP, 3/23/09)
2009 May 3, Nepal's PM Pushpa
Kamal Dahal, former Maoist rebel leader, fired army chief Rookmangud
Katawal after accusing him of defying government orders, prompting a
key party to quit the coalition government and plunging the
Himalayan country into a political crisis that could endanger its
peace process. Dahal’s firing of the army chief was rejected by
President Ram Baran Yadav, who officially leads the army.
(AP, 5/3/09)(AP, 5/4/09)
2009 May 4, Nepal's PM Pushpa
Kamal Dahal resigned amid a power struggle over his firing of the
army chief, saying he was stepping down to "save the peace process"
that brought the Himalayan nation out of a bloody decade-long civil
war.
(AP, 5/4/09)
2009 May 5, In Nepal thousands
of Maoist supporters took to the streets of Kathmandu, a day after
Prachanda, the leader of the ex-rebels, quit as prime minister
following a bitter row over the country's army chief.
(AFP, 5/5/09)
2009 May 6, In Nepal police
clashed with protesting Maoists, who vowed to prevent a new
government from being formed unless the president supports the
firing of the country's army chief. The key dispute has thrown the
Himalayan country into crisis.
(AP, 5/6/09)
2009 May 7, In Nepal riot
police beat back hundreds of women from the Maoist party who
protested in front of the president's house to demand that he fire
the country's army chief.
(AP, 5/7/09)
2009 May 17, In Nepal an
alliance of 22 political parties claimed to have enough support to
form a new coalition government and called for a parliamentary vote
to elect its candidate as the new prime minister.
(AP, 5/17/09)
2009 May 18, In Nepal Maoist
lawmakers stormed the parliament and demonstrated inside the
assembly hall to block a vote for a new prime minister, a move that
could prolong the country's political crisis.
(AP, 5/18/09)
2009 May 21, Nepal's Maoists
agreed to stop blocking parliamentary proceedings so lawmakers can
choose a new government to ease the country's political crisis.
Lawmakers from the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) said that
although they had agreed to lift their protests, they would
permanently end them only if the chamber takes up a motion censuring
President Ram Baran Yadav.
(AP, 5/21/09)
2009 May 21, The British
government announced a climbdown over settlement rights for Gurkha
veterans, saying all of the Nepalese fighters who have served at
least four years can apply to live here.
(AFP, 5/21/09)
2009 May 23, Nepal’s lawmakers
elected communist party leader Madhav Kumar Nepal (56) as the new
prime minister in a move aimed at ending weeks of political turmoil.
2 people were killed, one of them a teenager, and 14 wounded when a
bomb exploded in a packed Roman Catholic church on the outskirts of
Kathmandu.
(AFP, 5/23/09)
2009 Jun 8, In Nepal a strike
called by Maoist sympathizers paralyzed large swathes of Nepal,
forcing schools and businesses to shut and stranding tourists.
(AFP, 6/8/09)
2009 Jun 15, In Nepal Maoist
demonstrators clashed with police in Kathmandu as a general strike
called by the former guerrillas' youth wing brought Kathmandu to a
standstill.
(AFP, 6/15/09)
2009 Jul 2, In Nepal landslides
triggered by monsoon rains swept through three villages in the
mountainous west, burying homes and killing at least nine people.
(AP, 7/2/09)
2009 Jul 6, Nepal's national
assembly sat for the first time in more than two months after the
Maoist party agreed to halt protests that have paralyzed parliament.
(AFP, 7/6/09)
2009 Jul 31, Anuradha Koirala,
the founder of Nepalese charity Maiti Nepal, said British actress
Joanna Lumley has agreed to be its international ambassador. The
charity helps victims of human trafficking.
(AFP, 7/31/09)
2009 Aug 7, Nepal's Maoists
launched a fresh round of protests, paralyzing parliament and
accusing the new government of failing to address their demands.
(AFP, 8/7/09)
2009 Aug 22, India and Nepal
agreed to a new trade treaty as PM Madhav Kumar Nepal ended a
five-day official visit to the regional giant that both countries
hailed a great success.
(AFP, 8/22/09)
2009 Aug 31, Nepal's PM Madhav
Kumar Nepal opened the first climate change conference of Himalayan
nations with a warning about the dangers of melting glaciers, floods
and violent storms for the region.
(AFP, 8/31/09)
2009 Sep 10, In northeast Nepal
a bus veered off a highway and plunged into a river, killing at
least 11 people and leaving about 20 missing and feared dead.
(AP, 9/10/09)
2009 Sep 13, Costa Rican
authorities detained 54 US-bound migrants from Africa and Nepal
after their boat arrived on the country's coast. Authorities also
took into custody three suspected Colombian smugglers who were
traveling with them.
(AP, 9/13/09)
2009 Oct 6, In Nepal landslides
triggered by 4 days of torrential rains killed at least 34 people in
various western districts.
(AP, 10/7/09)
2009 Nov 14, Tomaz Humar (40),
a veteran Slovenian climber, was found dead on Langtang Lirung in
the Nepalese Himalayas days after he was injured and stranded on the
23,710-foot (7,227m) mountain.
(AP, 11/14/09)
2009 Nov 24, In Nepal the 2-day
Gadhimai festival, celebrated every five years, was attended by many
Hindus from India as well as Nepal. More than 200,000 buffaloes,
pigs, goats, chickens and pigeons were expected to be slaughtered
this year.
(AP, 11/20/09)(AP, 11/24/09)
2009 Dec 4, Nepal's top
politicians strapped on oxygen tanks and held a Cabinet meeting amid
Mount Everest's frigid, thin air to highlight the danger global
warming poses to glaciers. Landless laborers in the far west, backed
by Maoists, claimed tracts of government owned forest for
themselves. National security forces opened fire and burned
squatter’s huts. 3 people died in the clashes.
(AP, 12/4/09)(AP, 12/5/09)(Econ, 12/12/09, p.46)
2009 Dec 5, In western Nepal
hundreds of protesters torched vehicles and vandalized shops after
three people died in clashes between police and illegal forest
settlers.
(AP, 12/5/09)
2009 Dec 6, In Nepal Maoists
imposed a strict nationwide strike in protest of the killing of 3
landless laborers on Dec 4.
(Econ, 12/12/09, p.46)
2009 Dec 20, In Nepal hundreds
of riot police used tear gas and batons as they clashed with Maoist
protesters in Kathmandu during the first day of a three-day general
strike.
(AFP, 12/20/09)
2009 Nepal’s population was
estimated to be about 29.5 million.
(www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/print/np.html)
2010 Jan 7, Nepal began
releasing hundreds of former child soldiers, who once fought for the
Maoist rebels, from the UN-monitored detention camps they have
called home for the past three years to begin new lives as
civilians.
(AP, 1/7/10)
2010 Jan 11, In Britain former
Gurkha soldiers from Nepal lost a test case against Ministry of
Defence over pension rights at the High Court in London.
(AFP, 1/11/10)
2010 Mar 20, Nepal's former PM
Girija Prasad Koirala (b.1925) died. He served five terms as head of
state, led mass protests that ended the king's authoritarian rule
and was a key figure in peace negotiations with communist rebels.
(AP,
3/20/10)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girija_Prasad_Koirala)
2010 Apr 26, In Nepal Pushpa
Kamal Dahal, the leader of the opposition Maoists, urged the public
to support a nationwide street protest aimed at toppling the current
government.
(AFP, 4/26/10)
2010 Apr 27, In Nepal Oh
Eun-sun (44), a South Korean mountaineer, became the first woman to
scale the world's 14 highest mountains, crawling on all fours as she
reached the last summit. She reached the summit of Annapurna
13 years after she scaled her first Himalayan mountain, Gasherbrum
II, in 1997. She scaled Everest in 2004.
(AP, 4/27/10)
2010 May 1, The leader of
Nepal's Maoists called a nationwide general strike, stepping up
pressure on the government to quit as tens of thousands of his
supporters demonstrated in Kathmandu.
(AP, 5/1/10)
2010 May 2, In Nepal Maoist
opposition supporters armed with bamboo sticks enforced a general
strike that closed transportation, schools and markets across the
country to demand the prime minister's resignation.
(AP, 5/2/10)
2010 May 4, In Nepal armed
police escorted fuel and food trucks into Katmandu on the third day
of a crippling general strike called by former Maoist rebels
demanding the PM's resignation.
(AP, 5/4/10)
2010 May 5, Nepal's Maoist
opposition blocked streets leading to key government offices on the
fourth day of their crippling general strike to demand the prime
minister's resignation, while the government vowed not to bow to
protesters' pressure.
(AP, 5/5/10)
2010 May 7, In Nepal protesters
pleading for the end of a crippling strike called by former Maoist
rebels clashed with the communists across Nepal. Shots were fired
amid the chaos in one western town, wounding five people.
(AP, 5/7/10)
2010 May 8, In Nepal markets
reopened for business, vehicles returned to the streets and some
banks allowed customers to withdraw cash after the former communist
rebels ended their debilitating general strike after six days. The
top leaders of the Maoist party decided late the previous evening to
end the strike since it was making life difficult.
(AP, 5/8/10)
2010 May 9, In Nepal riot
police clashed with thousands of communists demonstrating outside
the government's main offices in Katmandu, injuring several
protesters and police officers.
(AP, 5/9/10)
2010 May 22, Jordan Romero
(13), an eighth-grader from California, became the youngest climber
to reach the top of Mount Everest, surpassing the previous record
set by Temba Tsheri (16) of Nepal.
(AP, 5/22/10)
2010 May 28, Nepal's PM Madhav
Kumar agreed to resign after the former communist rebels supported
his proposal to extend the term of parliament so it can draft a new
constitution to end years of civil war and strife.
(AP, 5/28/10)
2010 Jun 13, Nepal’s PM Madhav
Kumar Nepal and Forest Minister Deepak Bohara summoned conservation
officials and the chiefs of police and army ordering them to come up
with a strategy to halt the killing of endangered rhinos. 28 of the
endangered animals had been killed over the past 11 months.
(AP, 6/14/10)
2010 Jun 30, Nepal's PM Madhav
Kumar Nepal announced his resignation, bowing to pressure from
opposition Maoists who have been demanding his ouster in parliament
and on the streets.
(AP, 6/30/10)
2010 Aug 24, In Nepal an Agni
Air plane heading to the Mount Everest region crashed in heavy rain
outside Katmandu, killing all 14 people aboard, including 4
Americans, a Briton and a Japanese national.
(AP, 8/24/10)
2010 Sep 28, In Nepal an
avalanche caught 3 Japanese climbers and a Sherpa guide. Dhaulagiri
at 26,790 feet (8,167 meters) is the seventh highest mountain in the
world. The body of Daisuke Honda (32) was recovered on Oct 12.
(AP, 10/13/10)
2010 Sep 30, In Sweden
activists from Nepal, Nigeria, Brazil and Israel were named the
winners of this year's Right Livelihood Award, also known as the
"alternative Nobel," for work that included fighting to save the
Amazon rain forest and bringing health care to Palestinians cut off
from services. The recipients included Nigeria's Nnimmo Bassey (42),
Catholic Bishop Erwin Kraeutler (71) of Brazil, Shrikrishna Upadhyay
(65) of Nepal, and the organization Physicians for Human Rights
Israel.
(AP, 9/30/10)
2010 Oct 14, Khagendra Thapa
Magar, a Nepalese fruit seller’s son, was named the world’s shortest
man as he turned 18 years old. He measured 26.4 inches.
(SFC, 10/15/10, p.A2)
2010 Nov 21, A global tiger
summit meeting in St. Petersburg, Russia, approved a wide-ranging
program with the goal of doubling the world's tiger population in
the wild by 2022 backed by governments of the 13 countries that
still have tiger populations: Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China,
India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam
and Russia. Experts wild tigers could become extinct in 12 years if
countries where they still roam fail to take quick action to protect
their habitats and step up the fight against poaching.
(AP, 11/21/10)
2010 Dec 13, A UN official said
a campaign to resettle ethnic Nepalese forced out of Bhutan two
decades ago has found homes for 40,000 refugees in Western
countries, although tens of thousands continue to wait.
(AP, 12/13/10)
2010 Dec 15, In Nepal a small
passenger plane with 22 people on board went missing while flying
over a mountainous region. All people were killed after the plane’s
wing apparently clipped a mountaintop.
(AP, 12/15/10)(AP, 12/16/10)
2011 Jan 14, The UN peace
mission to Nepal ended after a four-year engagement that helped end
a communist insurgency.
(AP, 1/14/11)
2011 Jan 22, The head of
Nepal's former communist rebels handed command of his fighters over
to the government as part of a peace deal that ended the Himalayan
nation's decade-long conflict.
(AP, 1/22/11)
2011 Feb 1, In Nepal Christians
threatened to parade corpses in front of the parliament building
after the government ruled last week that an area near a revered
Hindu temple could no longer be used as their burial ground.
(AP, 2/1/11)
2011 Feb 3, Nepal's lawmakers
elected Jhalanath Khanal as the country's new prime minister, ending
a damaging seven-month leadership vacuum in the troubled country.
(AFP, 2/3/11)
2011 Mar 2, Nepalese
authorities banned the sale of marijuana during a popular Hindu
festival at which holy men traditionally smoke the drug and share it
with young men and women.
(AP, 3/3/11)
2011 Mar 4, Nepal's former
communist rebels joined the new government, appointing four party
members as ministers after a monthlong dispute with the country's
new prime minister.
(AP, 3/4/11)
2011 Apr 13, In Nepal lightning
strikes over the last 24 hours killed 6 people in 3 separate
districts.
(SFC, 4/14/11, p.A2)
2011 May 3, In central Nepal a
crowded bus skidded off a mountain road, killing at least 12 people
and injuring many others.
(AP, 5/3/11)
2011 May 4, In western Nepal a
bus veered off a mountain road, killing at least 16 people and
injuring 20 others in the country's second serious bus accident in
two days.
(AP, 5/4/11)
2011 Jun 14, The UN declared
Nepal free of land mines after the last one was destroyed.
(SFC, 6/15/11, p.A2)
2011 Jun 20, In Nepal a lawyer
and a college professor from the United States celebrated Nepal's
first public lesbian wedding ceremony in the Himalayan nation that
recently began recognizing gay rights and drafting laws to end
sexual discrimination.
(AP, 6/20/11)
2011 Jun 28, Nepal’s government
said workers renovating the Hanuman Dhoka palace in Kathmandu, a
UNESCO world heritage site, have discovered a huge stash of gold and
silver ornaments weighing more than 300 kilograms (661 pounds).
(AFP, 6/28/11)
2011 Jul 6, Nepalese
authorities prevented exiled Tibetans from celebrating their
spiritual leader the Dalai Lama's birthday over concerns that
gatherings would turn anti-Chinese.
(AP, 7/6/11)
2011 Aug 7, In Nepal airports,
hotels, restaurants, government offices and public transport became
smoke-free under a new law that went into effect today.
(AP, 8/7/11)
2011 Aug 14, Nepal's latest
prime minister, Jhalnath Khanal, resigned after failing to make
progress toward adopting a constitution during his six months in
office.
(AP, 8/15/11)
2011 Aug 14, In Nepal hundreds
of gay, lesbian, transgender people marched with supporters in the
southern town of Narayanghat to demand equal rights under a new
constitution the country is in the process of writing.
(AP, 8/14/11)
2011 Aug 16, In southern Nepal
an overcrowded boat carrying at least 35 people capsized in the
rain-swollen Kamala river. At least 20 people were missing.
(AP, 8/16/11)
2011 Aug 24, Nepal's Pres.
Rambaran Yadav ordered parliament to vote for a new prime minister
after the main political parties failed to agree on a coalition
government.
(AP, 8/24/11)
2011 Aug 28, In Nepal senior
Maoist party leader Baburam Bhattarai was elected as prime minister
in the latest attempt to form a stable government after extended
political uncertainty.
(AFP, 8/28/11)
2011 Sep 17, In western Nepal 7
people, two of them children, were killed when a landslide triggered
by heavy monsoon rains fell on Sulichaur village.
(AFP, 9/17/11)
2011 Sep 18, In India a
magnitude 6.9 earthquake hit Sikkim state in the northeast near the
border with Nepal. Some buildings collapsed in Sikkim's state
capital of Gangtok. At least 108 people were killed with more than
100,000 homes damaged. The confirmed deaths included 6 in Nepal and
7 in Tibet.
(AP, 9/19/11)(AP, 9/20/11)(AP, 9/23/11)
2011 Sep 22, In west Nepal a
landslide buried workers building a canal in a mountain village,
killing at least four people and leaving several people missing.
(AP, 9/22/11)
2011 Sep 25, In Nepal a small
plane taking tourists on a sightseeing trip around Mount Everest
crashed into a hillside near Kathmandu, killing all 19 people on
board.
(AFP, 9/25/11)
2011 Oct 7, Nepalese
campaigners said desperate AIDS charity workers are turning to
prostitution to pay bills and buy food because government
bureaucracy has denied them their wages.
(AFP, 10/7/11)
2011 Oct 16, Scientists at the
Vietnam-based Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Program and the Oxford
University Clinical Research units in Kathmandu and Ho Chi Minh City
announced they had combined cutting-edge gene sequencing technology
with Google Earth to accurately map the spread of typhoid in
Kathmandu for the first time.
(AFP, 10/17/11)
2011 Oct 20, The World Bank
said it would lend Nepal up to $400 million to help the impoverished
nation move towards peace and stability, five years after the end of
its civil war.
(AFP, 10/20/11)
2011 Oct 22, In Nepal a
footbridge over a Trishuli River gorge collapsed as dozens of people
were crossing it and three plunged 50 feet (15 meters) to their
deaths.
(AP, 10/22/11)
2011 Nov 1, The leaders of
Nepal’s four main parties agreed to integrate one-third of the
former Maoist rebels into the army and give money to the remainder.
Under the agreement, 6,500 of the 19,000 former Maoist rebels who
had been demobilized and living in camps for five years will be
integrated into the national army, but only in noncombat roles.
(AP, 11/2/11)
2011 Nov 1, Nepalese police
detained more than 100 Tibetan exiles who had gathered to pray for
nine Tibetans who set themselves on fire to protest against Chinese
rule.
(AP, 11/1/11)
2011 Nov 19, In Nepal
government monitors began asking 19,000 former rebels whether they
will join the army or leave with cash to start new lives, five years
after ending their insurgency to join a peace process.
(AP, 11/19/11)
2011 Nov 19, In Bhutan a
Climate Summit for a Living Himalayas was held in Bhutan's capital
Thimphu. India, Nepal, Bangladesh and Bhutan agreed to cooperate on
energy, water, food and biodiversity issues.
(AP, 11/20/11)
2011 Nov 29, Nepalese MPs
extended parliament's term for a fourth and final time to allow the
drafting of a new constitution in line with a peace accord brokered
after the civil war ended in 2006. The current 601-member
parliament, or Constituent Assembly, was given an initial two-year
mandate to write a new constitution for the young republic.
(AFP, 11/29/11)
2011 Dec 1, Berlin-based
Transparency International (TI) said corruption is hampering efforts
to tackle the eurozone debt crisis, as Greece (80) and Italy (69)
scored badly in a list of nations seen to be the most sleaze-ridden.
Nepal ranked 154th out of 183 countries. New Zealand ranked the
cleanest, while the US ranked 24th. Afghanistan ranked 180.
(AFP,
12/1/11)(cpi.transparency.org/cpi2011/results/)(AFP, 12/11/11)
2011 Dec 4, The Kathmandu-based
Int’l. Center for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) published
reports showing that Nepal's glaciers have shrunk by 21 percent and
Bhutan's by 22 percent over the last 30 years.
(AFP, 12/5/11)
2011 Dec 7, In Nepal hundreds
of Buddhists demonstrated in Katmandu to protest the appointment of
Maoist party chief Pushpa Kamal Dahal to head a project to develop
Lumbini, an area where Buddha was believed born.
(AP, 12/7/11)
2011 Dec 19, In Nepal a second
general strike in three days brought much of the country to a halt
as protestors blocked roads and torched cars over the prison killing
of a senior opposition party activist. Shiva Poudel, chairman of a
party youth wing, was critically injured when a group of inmates
attacked him in a prison in the southern district of Chitwan on
December 6 and he died in Kathmandu on Dec 17.
(AFP, 12/19/11)
2011 Nepal’s population
numbered about 30 million.
(Econ, 6/4/11, p.50)
2012 Jan 14, Nepal's president
announced a campaign to lure hundreds of thousands of tourists and
pilgrims this year to visit the area of the country where Buddha was
born.
(AP, 1/14/12)
2012 Jan 14, China agreed to
provide Nepal with $119 million in aid during a surprise visit to
the tiny Himalayan nation by Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao.
(AP, 1/14/12)
2012 Jan 18, The US Embassy in
Kathmandu said Peace Corps volunteers will return to Nepal seven
years after they left during the peak of a Maoist rebel insurgency.
(AP, 1/18/12)
2012 Feb 5, Nepal officials
said health workers are to cull some 4,000 chickens following the
discovery of the H5N1 strain of bird flu in the southeastern part of
the Himalayan country.
(AFP, 2/5/12)
2012 Feb 17, In southern Nepal
a mob burned alive Dengani Mahato (40) after accusing her of casting
black magic spells in remote Madi village. A shaman and the nine
locals suspected of taking part in the crime were arrested on
suspicion of murder. Bhakta Bahadur Rumba crushed his three young
daughters to death with stones as they slept in remote Faparbari
village.
(AFP, 2/17/12)(AP, 2/17/12)
2012 Feb 21, Nepal's highest
court jailed a serving government minister for corruption in a first
for a nation fighting an ingrained culture of graft. Information and
communications minister, Jaya Prakash Prasad Gupta (52), was handed
an 18-month sentence and an 8.4 million-rupee fine after he failed
to account for a vast portfolio of property accrued while in office.
(AFP, 2/21/12)
2012 Feb 22, Nepal was reported
to be in the midst of an energy crises. The nation produced a paltry
688 megawatts a year and imported petroleum products worth 80
billion rupees ($1 billion) a year.
(AFP, 2/22/12)
2012 Feb 26, Chandra Bahadur
Dangi (72) of southwestern Nepal was declared the shortest man ever
documented after being measured by Guinness World Records officials.
Dangi stood just 54.6 cm (21.5 inches) tall.
(AFP, 2/26/12)
2012 Feb 27, In Nepal at least
3 people were killed and 7 wounded in an explosion near government
offices in Kathmandu, in the first bomb attack in the Nepali capital
for three years. An organization calling itself the United Ethnic
Liberation Front (UELF) claimed responsibility.
(AFP, 2/27/12)(AFP, 2/29/12)
2012 Mar 3, In Nepal 6 people
were killed as a fire tore through the main vegetable market in
Kathmandu destroying more than 100 stalls.
(AFP, 3/4/12)
2012 Apr 30, In southern Nepal
4 people were killed and nearly 30 wounded when a bomb attached to a
motorbike went off near a crowd of protesters in Janakpur. They
staging a sit-in to demand a separate province for Maithili-speaking
people when the bike exploded.
(AFP, 4/30/12)
2012 May 5, In Nepal at least
15 people were killed and 43 left missing, including 3 tourists from
Ukraine, when the Seti River near Mount Annapurna burst its banks
and swept away a village.
(AFP, 5/5/12)(AFP, 5/6/12)
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