Timeline Puerto Rico

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  The island, a US territory, is 110 by 35 miles in size, 3,427 sq. miles in area, a little smaller than Connecticut. The population in 1998 was about 3.7 million.
 (SFEC, 4/26/98, p.A3)(SFC, 11/14/98, p.A6)(SFEC, 2/13/00, p.T5)

c1AD        The Tibes Indians date back to about this time. A flooding river exposed an ancient Tibes burial ground in 1977 and it became the Tibes Indian Ceremonial Park.
    (SFEC, 2/13/00, p.T5)

700AD        Ingeri and pre-Taino plazas date to this time.
    (SFEC, 2/13/00, p.T5)

1493        Nov 19, Christopher Columbus discovered Puerto Rico on his 2nd voyage.  Juan Ponce de Leon was a member of Columbus’ crew.
    (HT, 4/97, p.28)(MC, 11/19/01)

1508        Aug 12, Ponce de Leon arrived and conquered the island of Boriquen (Puerto Rico). Spain had appointed him to colonize Puerto Rico. He explored Puerto Rico and Spanish ships under his command began to capture Bahamanian Tainos to work as slaves on Hispaniola. His settlement at Caparra, 2 miles south of San Juan Bay, was plagued by Taino Indians and cannibalistic Carib Indians.
    (NH, 10/96, p.23)(SC, 8/12/02)(http://welcome.topuertorico.org/glossary/index.shtml#936)

1509-1512    Ponce de Leon served as governor of Puerto Rico.

1512        The original San Juan Cathedral was constructed. [see 1549]
    (SFCM, 3/11/01, p.82)

1521        In Puerto Rico the Caparra colony founded by Spanish conquistadores relocated to a barrier island at the entrance of San Juan Bay.
    (HT, 4/97, p.28)(TL-MB, p.12)

1523        A Dominican Convent was built in San Juan.
    (SFC, 3/10/01, p.83)

1533        The governor's mansion as La Fortaleza was built.
    (SFEC, 2/13/00, p.T1)

1537        The Spanish built La Fortaleza overlooking the bay on the southwestern edge of San Juan.
    (HT, 4/97, p.29)

1538        The watchtower El Morro was built.
    (HT, 4/97, p.30)

1539        The Castillo de San Felipe del Morro (El Morro Fortress) was begun. [2nd source says 1533]
    (SFEC, 2/13/00, p.T4)(SFCM, 3/11/01, p.82)

1549        The 1512 San Juan Cathedral was rebuilt.
    (SFCM, 3/11/01, p.82)

1575        Sep 21, A major hurricane hit Puerto Rico on the feast day of St. Matthew and became known as the San Mateo hurricane.
    (SSFC, 8/6/06, Par p.24)

1585        An additional hornwork was added to El Morro to guard the land approaches to the fort.
    (HT, 4/97, p.30)

1595        Queen Elizabeth sent Sir Francis Drake to capture treasure from a wrecked Spanish galleon stored at La Forteleza. Drake failed and returned to Panama.
    (HT, 4/97, p.30)

1598        Sir George Clifford, the third Earl of Cumberland, led an attack on Puerto Rico. He landed east of San Juan at Boqueron Inlet and attacked. The English prevailed and plundered San Juan but their food spoiled and 400 died of dysentery. The survivors burned San Juan and sailed away.
    (HT, 4/97, p.30)

1599        Spain sent 400 soldiers, 46 cannon and a new governor, Alonso de Mercado, to rebuild San Juan.
    (HT, 4/97, p.31)

1625        Sep 24, Dutch Gen’l. Bowdoin Hendrik and his fleet of 17 ships sailed into San Juan, Puerto Rico, and attacked El Morro. He held the garrison under siege for 3 weeks and then set the town to flames. This infuriated the Spanish who attacked and sent the Dutch fleeing.
    (HT, 4/97, p.31-33)(MC, 9/24/01)

1639        The San Juan Gate was built as the entry to San Juan.
    (SFEC, 2/13/00, p.T1)

1765        The Spanish Crown hired Irishmen Col. Thomas O’Daly and Field Marshall Alexander O’Reilly to upgrade the defenses of all of Spain’s Caribbean ports. They expanded and improved El Morro and San Cristobal.
    (HT, 4/97, p.33)

1780        Guillaume Raynal, a French historian, proclaimed Puerto Rico to be “in proportion to its size the very best island in the New World.”
    (SFEC, 4/26/98, p.A3)

1797        Apr, A British armada of 68 vessels and 7,000 men under Scotsman Sir Ralph Abercromby attacked San Juan, Puerto Rico. The Spanish defenses held. A procession of women made up to look like soldiers caused the siege to be called off. An annual parade later commemorated this event.
    (HT, 4/97, p.34)(SFEC, 2/13/00, p.T1)

1804        Sep 21, Another major hurricane hit Puerto Rico on the feast day of St. Matthew and became known as the San Mateo II hurricane [see 1575].
    (SSFC, 8/6/06, Par p.24)

1857        Jul 27, Jose Celso Barbosa, Puerto Rican statesman and humanitarian, was born in Bayamon.
    (AP, 7/27/07)

1868        Sep 23, Grito de Lares proclaimed Puerto Rico's independence. It was crushed by Spain.
    (MC, 9/23/01)

1873        Mar 22, Slavery was abolished in Puerto Rico.
    (MC, 3/22/02)

1897        Nov 25, Spain granted Puerto Rico autonomy.
    (MC, 11/25/01)

1898        May 12, A US fleet under Admiral William T. Sampson attacked El Morro and San Cristobal. After 2 hours of shelling the fleet headed for Cuba.
    (HT, 4/97, p.30)

1898        Jul 25, US Gen’l. Nelson A. Miles (1839-1925) landed troops at Guanica on the southern coast of Puerto Rico. Spain and the US came to terms at the Treaty of Paris and the US acquired Puerto Rico. Puerto Rico became a US territory. He was promoted to lieutenant general in 1901. He retired from the army in 1903. His books include Personal Recollections and Observations (1896) and Serving the Republic (1911).
    (HT, 4/97, p.65)(SFC, 3/26/97, p.C3)(http://welcome.topuertorico.org/glossary/index.shtml#936)

1898        Aug 12, Fighting in the Spanish-American War came to an end. The peace protocol ending the Spanish-American War was signed Dec 10 after three months and 22 days of hostilities. 460 US soldiers died in battle. The US paid Spain $20 million to vacate Cuba, Guam, Puerto Rico and the Philippines. Over the next 3 years US casualties in the Philippines war totaled over 4,000.
    (AP, 8/12/97)(WSJ, 2/23/98, p.A20)(HN, 8/12/00)(SSFC, 3/30/03, p.D1)(WSJ, 7/2/03, p.B1)

1898        Oct 18, The American flag was raised in Puerto Rico shortly before Spain formally relinquished control of the island to the US.
    (AP, 10/18/97)

1898        Dec 10, The United States and Spain signed the Treaty of Paris, ending the Spanish-American War. This ceded Puerto Rico, the Philippines and Guam to the United States. The US Senate ratified the treaty February 6, 1899. The US military governed Puerto Rico from October 1898 until May 1900, when the US Congress instituted a civil government. The civil government underwent many changes until a Constitutional Assembly formed in 1950 and established a Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, which was proclaimed on July 25, 1952. [see Aug 12]
    (AP, 12/10/97)(HN, 12/10/98)(HNQ, 7/28/01)

1900        Mar 19, President McKinley asserted the need for free trade with Puerto Rico.
    (HN, 3/19/98)

1900        May, The U.S. Congress instituted a civil government.
    (HNQ, 7/28/01)

1904        Jan 4, The US Supreme Court, in Gonzalez v. Williams, ruled that Puerto Ricans were not aliens and could enter the US freely; however, the court stopped short of declaring them US citizens.
    (AP, 1/4/08)

1904        Feb 17, Luis A. Fere (d.2003), gov. of Puerto Rico (1969-1972), was born in Ponce.
    (SFC, 10/22/03, p.A22)

1906        Nov 9, President Theodore Roosevelt left Washington D.C. for a 17 day trip to Panama and Puerto Rico, becoming the first president to make an official visit outside of the U.S.
    (HN, 11/9/98)

1906        Nov 21, In San Juan, President Theodore Roosevelt pledged citizenship for Puerto Rican people.
    (HN, 11/21/98)

1917        Mar 2, President Woodrow Wilson signed the Jones-Shafroth Act giving Puerto Ricans US citizenship. The Jones Act separated the Executive, Judicial, and Legislative branches of Puerto Rican government, provided civil rights to the individual, and created a locally elected bicameral legislature. The two houses were a Senate consisting of 19 members and a 39-member House of Representatives. However, the Governor and the President of the US had the power to veto any law passed by the legislature. Also, the US Congress had the power to stop any action taken by the legislature in Puerto Rico.
    (www.loc.gov/rr/hispanic/1898/jonesact.html)(AP, 3/2/98)

1927        In Puerto Rico’s last execution farm worker Pascual Ramos was hanged for beheading his boss with a machete. Puerto Rico’s death penalty was outlawed in 1929.
    (AP, 1/25/05)

1929        Puerto Rico outlawed capital punishment. In 2005 it was among 12 US states and the District of Columbia that do not allow the death penalty.
    (AP, 1/25/05)

1932        May 17, Congress changed the name "Porto Rico" to "Puerto Rico".
    (HN, 5/17/98)

1933        The legislature forced the governor to reinstate cockfighting, which had been banned, by threatening to block the budget.
    (SFEC, 4/26/98, p.A3)

1937        Mar 21, Ponce massacre: police killed 19 at a Puerto Rican Nationalist parade.
    (MC, 3/21/02)

1938        Local baseball began here. Puerto Rico is just east of the Dominican Republic in the Caribbean Sea. Its capital is San Juan.
    (Hem., Dec. '95, p.105)

1941        US Congress established two thirds of the island of Vieques as a military training ground. Residents were given 24 hours to leave their homes.
    (SFC, 7/26/99, p.A3)

1945        Sep 8, Jose Feliciano, blind singer, was born in Lares, Puerto Rico.
    (www.fact-index.com)

1947        Abelardo Diaz Alfaro published his short story collection "Terrazo."
    (SFC, 7/23/99, p.D6)

1948        Puerto Rico gained the right to choose its own governor and elected Munoz Marin. He held office until 1965.
    (SFC, 3/26/97, p.C3)

1950        Jul 3, US Pres. Truman signed public law 600. It provided federal statutory authorization for the people of Puerto Rico to write their own constitution.
    (www.puertorico-herald.org/issues/2004/vol8n34/CBRoadComnwlth.shtml)

1950        Nov 1, Two members of a Puerto Rican nationalist movement, Oscar Collazo and Griselio Torresola, tried to force their way into Blair House in Washington to assassinate President Truman. The attempt failed, and one of the pair Griselio Torresola, was shot dead. On July 24, 1952, Truman commuted Collazo’s death sentence to life imprisonment, on the same day he signed an act enlarging the self-government of Puerto Rico. In 2005 Stephen Hunter authored “American Gunfight: The Plot to Kill Harry Truman.”
    (AP, 11/1/97)(HN, 11/1/98)(HNQ, 1/24/02)(WSJ, 11/8/05, p.D8)

1951        In Puerto Rico Río Piedras, a suburb of San Juan, merged with San Juan. It is an industrial and agricultural trading center. The Univ. of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences campus is located there.
    (http://welcome.topuertorico.org/glossary/index.shtml#936)

1952        Mar 3, Puerto Rico approved its 1st self written constitution.
    (SC, 3/3/02)

1952        Jul 24, Pres. Truman commuted Oscar Collazo’s death sentence to life imprisonment, on the same day he signed an act enlarging the self-government of Puerto Rico. [See Nov 1, 1950]
    (AP, 11/1/97)(HN, 11/1/98)(HNQ, 1/24/02)

1952        Jul 25, Puerto Rico became a self-governing commonwealth of the United States.
    (AP, 7/25/97)

1954        Mar 1, Puerto Rican nationalists opened fire from the gallery of the U.S. House of Representatives, wounding five congressmen. In 1998 the granddaughter of one of the nationalists published a family memoir.
    (WUD, 1994, p.1685)(AP, 3/1/98)(NPR, 2/28/98)

1959        Hunter Thompson spent time working in San Juan as a journalist and based his novel "The Rum Diary," published in 1998, on the experience. Plans for a film based on the book developed in 2003.
    (SFC, 11/7/03, p.D11)

1965-1969    Roberto Sanchez Vilella (1913-1997) became the 2nd governor.
    (SFC, 3/26/97, p.C3)

1967        Luis A. Ferrre founded the pro-statehood New Progressive Party.
    (SFC, 10/22/03, p.A22)

1967        A non-binding plebiscite to determine the future status of Puerto Rico was not conclusive.
    (SFEC, 4/26/98, p.A3)

1969        Luis A. Ferrre became governor of Puerto Rico and served to 1972.
    (SFC, 10/22/03, p.A22)

1972        Rafael Hernandez Colon, a pro-commonwealth candidate, became governor of Puerto Rico.
    (SFC, 10/22/03, p.A22)

1973        Oct 22, Pablo Casals (96), Spanish cellist, conductor and composer died in Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico.
    (AP, 10/22/98)

1974-1983    A series of bomb attacks and robberies in the US by members of the FALN left 6 people dead an scores injured. 16 separatists who were later arrested for the attacks were granted clemency by Pres. Clinton in 1999.
    (USAT, 9/17/99, p.1A)

1975        The US Navy left the island of Culebra. Sings of unexploded ordnance still lingered in 2001.
    (SFC, 6/15/01, p.D3)

1976        Section 936 provided US firms operating in Puerto Rico with tax-free income. It helped to stimulate industrialization and infrastructure development on the island. However it skewed investment towards technologies that were too advanced for Puerto Rico’s stage of development. On August 20, 1996 the U.S. Congress repealed Section 936 of the US Internal Revenue Code, with a clause that retains its benefit for ten years of existing corporations. Section 30A was created to substitute Section 936.
    (http://welcome.topuertorico.org/glossary/index.shtml#936)(Econ, 5/27/06, p.26)

1978        Puerto Rico sued the US Navy for economic damages due to military testing on the island of Vieques.
    (SFC, 7/26/99, p.A3)

1979        Apr 28, Carlos Muniz Varela, a Cuban travel agent and an activist for Puerto Rico's independence, was killed in Puerto Rico.
    (AP, 3/29/06)(www.rocla.org/Actions/MunizVarela.html)

1979        Sep 10, Four Puerto Rican nationalists imprisoned for a 1954 attack on the House of Representatives and a 1950 attempt on the life of President Truman were granted clemency by President Carter.
    (AP, 9/10/99)

1980        Apr 5, Eleven Puerto Rican FALN members were arrested for attempting to rob an armored truck at Northwestern University; three were linked to the raid on the Carter-Mondale campaign headquarters. Several of those arrested were granted clemency in 1999.
    (WSJ, 9/14/99, p.A22)

1982        Feb 28, The FALN, a Puerto Rican Nationalist Group, bombed Wall Street.
    (MC, 2/28/02)

1983        Sep 12, Filiberto Ojeda Rios (d.2005), a Puerto Rican nationalist leader, was involved in the robbery of a Connecticut armored truck. It was considered an act of domestic terrorism because the money was used to fund activities by the Puerto Rican nationalist Macheteros, or Cane Cutters. Only about $80,000 of the $7 million was recovered. In 2005 Rios was shot and killed by FBI agents in Puerto Rico (www.amw.com/fugitives/case.cfm?id=24432).
    (http://tinyurl.com/2rju8s)(AP, 9/25/05)

1984        Oct 31, The Puerto Rican tanker San Francisco exploded spilling 2 million gallons of oil as the ship caught fire.
    (MC, 10/31/01)

1985        Oct 7, In Ponce, Puerto Rico, a mudslide followed Tropical Storm Isabel and killed at least 129 people in the island's worst disaster this century.
    (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_Storm_Isabel_(1985))

1986        Dec 31, A fire at the Dupont Plaza Hotel in San Juan, Puerto Rico, killed 97 and injured 140 people. (Three hotel workers later pleaded guilty to charges in connection with the blaze.)
    (AP, 12/31/97)

1989        Sep 18, Hurricane Hugo reached Puerto Rico, causing extensive damage as it continued to barrel toward the U.S. mainland.
    (AP, 9/18/97)

1991        Apr 7, In Puerto Rico 3 prisoners escaped from the Rio Piedras State Penitentiary in a hijacked helicopter with the help of accomplices. Two were recaptured, while a third remained at large.
    (AP, 12/31/02)

1992        Oct 12, Arecibo radio telescope in Puerto Rico began a microwave search for occupied planets.
    (www.planetary.org/explore/topics/seti/seti_history_12.html)

1992        In Puerto Rico two toddlers, ages 2 and 3, were killed. The mother of Eliezer Marquez Navedo (17) was convicted. She was sentenced to 26 years in prison but paroled for good behavior after seven. In 2009 Eliezer Marquez Navedo was charged with the murder of an American tourist.
    (AP, 2/26/09)

1993        A 2nd non-binding plebiscite to determine the future status of Puerto Rico was not conclusive.
    (SFEC, 4/26/98, p.A3)

1993        The US Navy dropped 24 bombs of napalm on a target practice area on the island of Vieques. After years of denial the Navy admitted the drops in 1999.
    (SFC, 7/26/99, p.A3)

1994        Sep 7, U.S. Marines began training on a Puerto Rican island amid talk in Washington of a U.S.-led intervention in Haiti.
    (AP, 9/7/99)

1994        In Puerto Rico the Federal Death Penalty Act broadened the range of crimes punishable by death.
    (AP, 8/1/03)

1996        Sep 10, Hurricane Hortense pounded Puerto Rico, causing at least 21 deaths and destroying thousands of homes.
    (AP, 9/10/97)

1996        Nov, The 5-story Hemberto Vidal building exploded and 20 people were killed in downtown San Juan.
    (SFC, 11/22/96, p.A3)

1998        Feb 11, Hector Acosta Martinez and Joel Rivera Alejandro kidnapped Hernandez Diaz and demanding a $1 million ransom from his family. When his family alerted police, prosecutors say the men killed him, hacked off his body parts and dumped them on a roadside. In 2003 a federal jury acquitted the 2 men.
    (AP, 8/1/03)       

1998        Feb 12, NASA planned a rocket launch from Tortuguero base in Puerto Rico. 10 more rockets were planned for launch over the next 30 days.
    (SFC, 2/2/98, p.A3)

1998        Mar 4, The US House approved a special referendum in Puerto Rico that would allow voters to choose 1 of 3 options: continued commonwealth status, statehood or independence.
    (SFC, 3/5/98, p.A5)

1998        Jun 18, Fearing loss of their jobs 6,400 workers of Telefonica went on strike and began cutting telephone cables.
    (SFC, 6/26/98, p.A2)(SFC, 6/30/98, p.A3)

1998        Jun 24, Gov. Pedro Rossello signed a law completed the $1.9 billion sale of Telefonica to a US consortium led by GTE.
    (SFC, 6/26/98, p.A2)

1998        Jun 25, Protestors planted bombs, smashed bank machines and burned telephone cables in reaction to the privatization of the phone company.
    (SFC, 6/26/98, p.A2)

1998        Jun 28, The Greater Committee of Labor Organizations voted for a work stoppage over the sale of the state phone company.
    (SFC, 6/30/98, p.A3)

1998        Jul 7, A general 2 day strike was called against the sale of the phone company and the San Juan Int’l. Airport was blocked for a short time.
    (SFC, 7/8/98, p.A3)

1998        Jul 14, In Puerto Rico the telephone union gave in after a 26-day strike and agreed to go back to work.
    (SFC, 7/15/98, p.A3)

1998        Jul 21, Puerto Rico accepted a sweetened GTE-led bid for the government owned phone system that included concessions to appease workers.
    (WSJ, 7/22/98, p.A1)

1998        Jul 25, The governor called for a December referendum on statehood.
    (WSJ, 7/27/98, p.A1)

1998        Aug 13, Puerto Rico approved a Dec. 13 referendum for statehood.
    (SFC, 8/14/98, p.A3)

1998        Sep 15-Oct 1, Hurricane Georges caused 602 deaths in the Caribbean and four in the United States. The storm hit the Dominican Republic, Haiti, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Antigua, Guadeloupe, St. Kitts and Nevis, Anguilla and British and U.S. Virgin Islands before striking Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Florida.
    (AP, 9/11/04)(www.wunderground.com)

1998        Sep 21, Hurricane Georges threatened the islands of the Caribbean. The storm hit Puerto Rico and killed at least 5 people as winds reached 130 mph. One woman was killed on St. Kitts.
    (SFC, 9/20/98, p.A13)(SFC, 9/22/98, p.A1)

1998        Sep 22, Hurricane Georges hit the Dominican Republic and at least 12 people were killed. Three people were killed in St. Kitts, 2 in Antigua and 4 in Puerto Rico.
    (SFC, 9/23/98, p.A10)

1998        Sep 24, The death toll from Hurricane Georges reached 11.
    (SFC, 9/25/98, p.A16)

1998        Dec 13, Voters rejected statehood by a vote of 50.2% to 46.5%. The winning option was none of the above, but interpreted as a decision to remain as commonwealth, a US territory with local autonomy.
    (SFC, 12/14/98, p.A4)

1999        Apr 19, Two US Marine jets in training dropped bombs over the island of Vieques and missed their targets. One civilian, David Sanes Rodriguez, was killed and 4 people were injured.
    (SFC, 4/20/99, p.A3)(SFC, 7/26/99, p.A3)

1999        Apr, Protestors began occupying the US Navy range at Vieques following the death of David Rodriguez.
    (SFC, 5/4/00, p.A3)

1999        Jun The US Navy conceded that it had fired 263 uranium shells on the island of Vieques in 1999.
    (SFC, 7/26/99, p.A3)

1999        Jul 4, Anti US Navy protests drew some 50,000 people.
    (SFC, 7/26/99, p.A3)

1999        Jul 22, Abelardo Diaz Alfaro, short story writer, died at age 82.
    (SFC, 7/23/99, p.D6)

1999        Aug 11, Pres. Clinton offered conditional amnesty to imprisoned Puerto Rican militants (FALN). The separatists were responsible for at least 150 bombings over a 9-year period that killed 6 people and injured over 70.
    (SFC, 9/8/99, p.A3)(WSJ, 9/14/99, p.A22)

1999        Sep 7, In NY twelve Puerto Rican prisoners (FALN) agreed to accept Pres. Clinton's offer of conditional amnesty.
    (SFC, 9/8/99, p.A3)

1999        Sep 10, Eleven Puerto Rican nationalists (FALN) were freed under the clemency deal offered by Pres. Clinton.
    (SFC, 9/11/99, p.A1)

1999        Oct 18, A US presidential panel recommended that Navy gunnery on the Vieques Island of Puerto Rico be reduced and abandoned in 5 years.
    (WSJ, 10/19/99, p.A1)

1999        Oct 19, Gov. Pedro Rossello told a US congressional committee that live firing exercises on Vieques could not be resumed.
    (SFC, 10/20/99, p.A7)

1999        Dec 3, Pres. Clinton offered to reduce bombing practice on Vieques in the spring and use only dummy bombs plus $40 million in economic incentives with phase out in 5 years. Puerto Rico rejected the offer.
    (SFC, 12/4/99, p.A3)

2000        Jan 31, The US persuaded Puerto Rico to continue use of the Navy firing range off Vieques Island with dummy bombs in exchange for $40 million. A vote by islanders to approve live ammunition would bring Puerto Rico an additional $50 million. A no vote would require clean up and a halt to training by May 1, 2003.
    (SFC, 2/1/00, p.A3)

2000        Mar 8, Near Puerto Rico at least 10 people died when a boat carrying some 70 illegal immigrants from the Dominican Republic capsized.
    (SFC, 3/9/00, p.A12)

2000        May 1, In Puerto Rico 2 US warships arrived off the coast of Vieques and some 50 protestors braced for the arrival of federal agents.
    (SFC, 5/2/00, p.A5)

2000        May 4, In Puerto Rico US federal agents moved and arrested 216 protestors from the bombing range on Vieques Island.
    (SFC, 5/5/00, p.A1)

2000        Jun 25, US Navy bombing in Vieques resumed with nonexplosive dummy bombs after 37 demonstrators were arrested. A fatal accident had prompted a yearlong occupation by protesters.
    (WSJ, 6/26/00, p.A1)(SFC, 6/28/00, p.A3)(AP, 6/25/01)

2000        Aug 6, In San Juan, Puerto Rico, thousands rallied to protest new US military exercises on Vieques.
    (SFC, 8/7/00, p.A3)

2000        Oct 13, A US federal appeals court ruled that residents of Puerto Rico cannot vote in presidential elections unless the island becomes a state or the US Constitution is amended.
    (SFC, 10/14/00, p.A4)

2000        Nov, In local elections Sila Calderon (58), Popular Democratic Party, defeated Gov. Pedro Rossello. Calderon opposed the US Navy bombing site on Vieques.
    (SFC, 1/2/01, p.A4)

2000        Dec 23, Pres. Clinton created a task force to study whether Puerto Rico should become a state, an independent country or continue as a US commonwealth.
    (SSFC, 12/24/00, p.A14)

2001        Mar 1, The Pentagon suspended Navy bombing on Vieques.
    (WSJ, 3/2/00, p.A1)

2001        Apr 26, A US federal judge ruled that military exercises could resume on Vieques Island. Puerto Ricans mobilized for mass demonstrations.
    (SFC, 4/27/01, p.A2)

2001        Apr 27, The US Navy resumed bombing exercises on Vieques Island where 14 protesters were arrested.
    (SFC, 4/28/01, p.A3)

2001        May 11, Denise Quinones of Puerto Rico won the Miss Universe contest held in Bayamon, Puerto Rico.
    (SFC, 5/12/01, p.A2)

2001        Jun 14, Pres. Bush ordered a stop to the Navy bombing exercises on Puerto Rico’s Vieques Island.
    (SFC, 6/14/01, p.A3)

2001        Jun 14, Pres. Bush ordered a stop to the Navy bombing exercises on Puerto Rico’s Vieques Island. Cleanup was estimated to cost hundreds of millions and take decades. Bombing practice was set to stop by May, 2003.
    (SFC, 6/14/01, p.A3)(SFC, 6/15/01, p.D3)(WSJ, 6/15/01, p.A1)

2001        Jun 18, The US Navy dropped dummy bombs on Vieques island. A number of protesters were arrested for trespassing.
    (SFC, 6/19/01, p.A3)

2001        Jul 29, The residents of Vieques island voted on stopping the practice bombing by the US military. Opponents of the navy bombing gathered 68% of the vote.
    (SSFC, 7/29/01, p.A9)(SFC, 7/30/01, p.A3)

2001        Aug 2, On Vieques, Puerto Rico, the US Navy used tear gas and foam rubber projectiles to clear protesters and journalists.
    (SFC, 8/4/01, p.A3)

2002        Jan 2, A US federal judge dismissed a lawsuit to stop the resumption of bombing exercises on Vieques. The suit cited a 1972 federal Noise Control Act.
    (SFC, 1/3/02, p.A5)

2002        Jan 23, 17 people were charged in a corruption scandal that involved $4.3 million in diverted federal funds.
    (SFC, 1/24/02, p.A4)

2002        Aug 7, A U.S. Air Force cargo plane crashed on a Puerto Rican mountaintop with at least 10 military personnel on board, and all were feared dead.
    (AP, 8/8/02)

2002        Sep 4, In Puerto Rico US Navy security officers fired tear gas at protesters who hurled rocks over a fence during bombing exercises on the island of Vieques.
    (AP, 9/5/02)

2002        Sep 7, U.S. Navy fighter jets dropped dummy bombs and inert missiles on Vieques in military exercises that have divided this outlying Puerto Rican island for years.
    (AP, 9/7/02)

2002        Dec 31, In Puerto Rico police recaptured one of five convicts who escaped from prison when a helicopter swooped into their maximum security compound and spirited them away.
    (AP, 12/31/02)

2003        Jan 13, Protesters waved Puerto Rican flags and shouted "Navy get out!" as fighter jets dropped inert bombs over Vieques in what the Navy says will be its last round of training on the island.
    (AP, 1/14/03)

2003        Feb 8, The US Navy conducted its last scheduled round of weapons tests on Vieques Island, Puerto Rico.
    (SFC, 2/10/03, p.A9)

2003        Apr 30, The U.S. Navy withdrew from its disputed Vieques bombing range in Puerto Rico, prompting celebrations by islanders.
    (AP, 4/30/04)

2003        Jun 12, Puerto Rico police arrested more than 1,000 people during a major anti-drug operation.
    (AP, 6/13/03)

2003        Jul 20, In Puerto Rico Jose Antonio Rivera Robles, was beaten to death at a gas station after he reportedly stole a police car. In 2009 a jury in US federal court convicted four Puerto Rican police officers in the beating death. Two other officers previously pleaded guilty to felony federal civil rights charges in the case.
    (AP, 8/13/09)(www.usdoj.gov/opa/pr/2009/August/09-crt-803.html)

2003        Aug 5, Catalino "Tite" Curet Alonso (77), a Puerto Rican composer who wrote nearly 2,000 dance songs and ballads, died in Baltimore.
    (AP, 8/6/03)(SFC, 8/9/03, p.A15)

2003        Sep 23, Puerto Rico's congressional delegate said the United States will close its Roosevelt Roads Naval Station in eastern Puerto Rico within the next six months.
    (AP, 9/23/03)

2003        Oct 21, Luis A. Ferre (99), a philanthropist and former governor of Puerto Rico who became the patriarch of the territory's US statehood movement, died.
    (AP, 10/21/03)

2003        Nov 9, Former Gov. Pedro Rossello won Puerto Rico's pro-statehood nomination for governor in a primary, clearing the way for him to run again in the territory's elections next year.
    (AP, 11/9/03)

2003        Dec 30, Miriam Naveira was sworn in as the new chief justice of Puerto Rico's Supreme Court, making her the first woman to hold the post.
    (AP, 12/30/03)

2004        Mar 31, US Navy ships and troops were scheduled to depart Roosevelt Roads Naval Station, Puerto Rico. The base had been used for 6 decades to keep watch over the Caribbean.
    (AP, 1/6/04)

2004        Jan 17, Rafael Cordero Santiago (61), the mayor of the Puerto Rican city of Ponce, died after suffering a brain hemorrhage.
    (AP, 1/17/04)

2004        Jan 19, Puerto Rico police reported 45 homicides since Jan 1.
    (USAT, 1/20/04, p.12A)

2004        Feb 11, In Puerto Rico 4 people were killed in separate shootings over the last 24 hours, pushing the number of deaths past the 100 mark for this year. There were 780 killings in 2003, compared with 781 in 2002. Police say most of the violence on the island of 4 million people is drug-related.
    (AP, 2/11/04)

2004        Mar 31, The US Navy closed Naval Station Roosevelt Roads, its last base in Puerto Rico. It was transferred to a special naval agency that will coordinate the closing process. The base had been used for 6 decades to keep watch over the Caribbean.
    (AP, 1/6/04)(AP, 4/2/04)

2004        Sep 15, Tropical Storm Jeanne lashed Puerto Rico with damaging winds and rain that knocked out power, flooded roads and killed two people. It soon strengthened from a tropical storm into the 6th hurricane of the season.
    (AP, 9/16/04)

2004        Oct 8, A Puerto Rican attorney asked a federal appeals court to end "the state of servitude" that island residents find themselves in and allow them to vote in the Nov. 2 presidential election.
    (AP, 10/9/04)

2004        Nov 1, Puerto Ricans long have been U.S. citizens but cannot vote for the U.S. president, a situation that former Gov. Pedro Rossello promises to change if elected to return to the island's top job.
    (AP, 11/1/04)

2004        Nov 2, Puerto Rico's delegate to the US Congress clung to an extremely narrow lead in the race for governor against former Gov. Pedro Rossello, who promised to fight for statehood.
    (AP, 11/3/04)

2004        Nov 3, Puerto Rico's delegate to the U.S. Congress, who favors the island's current status as a U.S. commonwealth, claimed victory in a gubernatorial race so close that a recount has been ordered.
    (AP, 11/4/04)

2004        Nov 20, Puerto Rico's two highest courts ordered election authorities in separate rulings to immediately begin recounting votes cast in the extremely tight Nov. 2 gubernatorial elections.
    (AP, 11/21/04)

2004        Dec 23, Acevedo Vila, Puerto Rico's congressional envoy, who favors the island's status as a U.S. territory narrowly, won a recount in the governor's race.
    (AP, 12/23/04)

2004        Dec 29, Puerto Rico's governor-elect said he opposes the war in Iraq and wants to see a reduction in the number of U.S. troops, including islanders, posted in the troubled country.
    (AP, 12/29/04)

2004        Puerto Rico’s annual income per person was around $12,000 for this year.
    (Econ, 5/27/06, p.25)

2005        Mar 16, Puerto Rico Gov. Anibal Acevedo Vila unveiled proposals to eliminate more than 23,000 government jobs and close several public agencies, vowing to pull Puerto Rico out of a cycle of budget deficits and debt.
    (AP, 3/16/05)

2005        Apr 30, Students and administrators at the main campus of Puerto Rico's largest university agreed to end a 3-week-old strike called to protest a 33 percent tuition increase.
    (AP, 4/30/05)

2005        Jul 10, Puerto Ricans voted to do away with half their lawmakers, endorsing a referendum for a one-house legislature.
    (AP, 7/11/05)

2005        Jul 21, A truck strike paralyzed fuel deliveries across Puerto Rico.
    (AP, 7/21/05)

2005        Jul 22, Truck drivers in Puerto Rico ended a three-day strike that paralyzed gasoline deliveries.
    (AP, 7/22/05)

2005        Sep 23, In Puerto Rico FBI agents shot and killed Filiberto Ojeda Rios (72), a Puerto Rican nationalist leader wanted in the 1983 robbery of a Connecticut armored truck.
    (AP, 9/25/05)(Econ, 10/1/05, p.82)
2005        Sep 23, In Puerto Rico real estate developer Adam Anhang (b.1973), a Canadian businessman, was killed. Jonathan Roman Rivera (22) spent eight months in maximum security prison after he was sentenced to 105 years for the slaying. Rivera was released in June 2008 after another man was indicted for the murder. In 2009 Rivera sued more than a dozen police officials and prosecutors for his ordeal, seeking $12 million in damages.
    (http://www.121s.com/viewtopic.php?t=594)(AP, 9/17/09)

2005        Oct 5, Drug agents found 3,904 pounds of cocaine in the steel oxygen tank, one of the largest drug busts in Puerto Rico's history. The DEA has estimated that as much as 20 percent of the cocaine that reaches the US moves through the Caribbean. Traffickers love Puerto Rico because after their drugs arrive on the island, they can be hidden amid regular cargo and shipped onward, bypassing routine searches because Puerto Rico is part of the United States.
    (AP, 11/7/05)

2006        Feb 10, FBI agents in Puerto Rico searched five homes and a business to thwart what the agency said was a "domestic terrorist attack" planned by militants favoring independence for the US island territory.
    (AP, 2/10/06)

2006        Feb 26, More than 1,000 demonstrators chanting anti-FBI slogans and carrying Puerto Rican flags marched through the capital of this U.S. island territory.
    (AP, 2/26/06)

2006        Mar 2, Puerto Rico's Gov. Anibal Acevedo Vila signed into law a ban on smoking in enclosed public places, the toughest anti-tobacco prohibition in the Caribbean.
    (AP, 3/3/06)

2006        Apr 23, Powerful waves capsized a boat carrying Dominican migrants near a popular surfing beach off the coast of Puerto Rico killing at least five people. Small boats frequently attempt to smuggle migrants from the Dominican Republic to the US Caribbean territory, a roughly 70-mile journey across the often-perilous Mona Passage.
    (AP, 4/24/06)

2006        Apr 25, In Puerto Rico Gov. Acevedo Vila warned in a televised address that "Beginning next Monday, May 1, the majority of agencies of the central government will not be able to operate." Puerto Rico's House of Representatives wants to impose a 4 percent sales tax instead and has refused to review the governor's plan. The island now has no sales tax.
    (AP, 4/26/06)

2006        Apr 28, More than 45,000 Puerto Ricans marched through the streets of San Juan demanding politicians resolve a budget impasse that could lead to a government shutdown next week.
    (AP, 4/28/06)

2006        May 1, The government of Puerto Rico ran out of money, forcing the US commonwealth to close public schools and shut down government offices, putting almost 100,000 people out of work.
    (AP, 5/1/06)

2006        May 4, Puerto Rico moved a step closer to resolving a partial government shutdown as the island's Senate voted to impose a sales tax of 5.9% and a new levy on large corporations.
    (AP, 5/4/06)

2006        May 8, Puerto Rico's governor and legislative leaders have agreed to abide by the recommendations of a commission seeking a solution to a fiscal crisis that has partially closed the island's government.
    (AP, 5/9/06)

2006        May 10, Puerto Rican officials resolved a budget impasse that put more than 95,000 public employees out of work, crippled government services and hurt business in this U.S. island territory.
    (AP, 5/11/06)

2006        May 13, Puerto Rican lawmakers approved the first key pieces of legislation aimed at resolving a budget crisis that has kept more than 100,000 public employees out of work since May 1.
    (AP, 5/13/06)

2006        Jul 23, Zuleyka Rivera Mendoza (18) of Puerto Rico was crowned as Miss Universe 2006. She hoped to someday star in US and Latin American films.
    (AP, 7/24/06)

2007        Jan 6, Seven people were killed in shootings across Puerto Rico, prompting the US territory's police chief to plead for tougher gun laws.
    (AP, 1/7/07)

2007        Mar 1, In Puerto Rico the US attorney's office in San Juan announced that a US federal grand jury indicted seven people in a case where terminally ill cancer patients were allegedly injected with a bogus cure made from the patients' own blood.
    (AP, 3/1/07)

2007        Mar 2, People caught smoking in bars and restaurants in Puerto Rico faced fines as a ban on lighting up in enclosed public spaces took effect.
    (AP, 3/2/07)

2007        Apr 9, Puerto Rico seven inmates, convicted of homicides, escaped from prison using ventilation ducts.
    (AP, 4/10/07)

2007        Apr 22, Trustees said a fund to compensate Puerto Rico for damages from a 1994 oil spill will be used to build an artificial reef, create a shoreline nature reserve and restore the walls of a Spanish colonial fort.
    (AP, 4/22/07)

2007        Jun 14, In Puerto Rico 5 men robbed a Loomis Fargo armored car. The next day Angel Fernandez Ramos, a Puerto Rican police officer assigned to a DEA anti-drugs unit, was arrested and charged with carrying out the $515,000 armored car heist with three relatives and another man.
    (AP, 6/16/07)

2007        Jun 25, Puerto Rico's Gov. Anibal Acevedo Vila acknowledged that he is the target of a US grand jury investigation into campaign finances, a revelation further jeopardizing his bid for re-election.
    (AP, 6/26/07)

2007        Aug 2, US federal agents arrested dozens of doctors accused of obtaining medical licenses through fraud or bribery, carrying out sweeping raids across Puerto Rico. The FDA accused 88 doctors of falsified credentials.
    (AP, 8/2/07)(WSJ, 8/3/07, p.A1)

2007        Oct 9, In Puerto Rico animal control workers seized dozens of dogs and cats from housing projects in the town of Barceloneta and hurled them to their deaths from a bridge in the neighboring town of Vega Baja. Mayor Sol Luis Fontanez blamed a contractor hired to take the animals to a shelter. In 2008 a Puerto Rican judge found a contractor and two of his workers not guilty of animal cruelty due to lack of evidence.
    (AP, 10/13/07)(AP, 9/10/08)

2007        Oct 28,     Puerto Rican and US archaeologists said they have found the best-preserved pre-Columbian site in the Caribbean, which could shed light on virtually every aspect of Indian life in the region. Artifacts of Taino or pre-Taino people dated from 600 A.D. to 1500 A.D.
    (AP, 10/28/07)

2007        Oct 30, In Puerto Rico federal authorities arrested more than two dozen people in a crackdown on fraudulent medical licenses on the island.
    (AP, 10/30/07)

2007        Dec 12, US federal agents and local police launched raids in several Puerto Rican cities with arrest warrants for 121 drug suspects.
    (AP, 12/13/07)
2007        Dec 12, Tropical Storm Olga soaked portions of the Caribbean, triggering floods and landslides that killed at least 38 people in the Dominican Republic, Haiti and Puerto Rico.
    (AP, 12/12/07)(AP, 12/13/07)(WSJ, 12/15/07, p.A1)

2008        Jan 3, Puerto Rico halted all bird imports after a rare outbreak of avian flu in nearby Dominican Republic, where authorities killed more than 100 chickens, including fighting roosters that tested positive for the lethal virus. The ban forced the cancellation of more than 100 cockfights, dealing a blow to the lucrative industry.
    (AP, 1/4/08)

2008        Feb 23, in Puerto Rico Eddie Maco Campbells (b.1970) of Oakland, Ca., was shot and killed after an argument at a bar in the popular tourist area of Isla Verde. On March 13, 2009, a judge in Puerto Rico found Jose Perez Pagan guilty of murdering Campbells.
    (AP, 3/14/09)(http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4176/is_20080304/ai_n24373929)

2008        Mar 5, In Puerto Rico public school teachers voted to suspend a 10-day strike that shuttered classrooms and sparked clashes between protesters and police.
    (AP, 3/5/08)

2008        Mar 27, Puerto Rico’s Gov. Anibal Acevedo Vila was charged with 19 counts in a campaign finance probe, including conspiracy to violate US federal campaign laws and giving false testimony to the FBI. 12 others were also charged in the corruption probe.
    (AP, 3/27/08)(WSJ, 3/28/08, p.A1)

2008        Apr 13, The winners of this year’s Goldman Awards were reported to be: Feliciano dos Santos (43) of Mozambique, the director of Estamos, an environmental group promoting sanitation, sustainable development and reforestation; Marina Rikhvanova (46), founder of Baikal Environmental Wave, which forced the rerouting of an oil pipeline in the Baikal basin; Pablo Fajardo (35) and Luis Yanza (48) of Ecuador, co-founders of the Amazon Defense Front, which accused Texaco (now Chevron) of dumping oil and wastewater into local streams; Rosa Hilda Ramos (63) of Puerto Rico, head of a movement to protect the Las Cicharillas Marsh; Ignace Schops (43) of Belgium, head of a movement to establish Belgium’s 1st and only national park; Jesus Leon (42) of Mexico, co-founder of the Center for Integral Small Farmer Development of the Mixtec (CEDICAM).
    (SSFC, 4/13/08, p.A4)

2008        Jun 1, NY Sen. Hillary Rodham Clinton won Puerto Rico's Democratic presidential primary 68-32%. Only 16% of the voters went to the polls.
    (www.mcclatchydc.com/election2008/story/39241.html)(Econ, 6/7/08, p.36)

2008        Aug 19, A US federal grand jury handed down a new indictment against Puerto Rico Gov. Anibal Acevedo Vila, charging him with four counts of wire fraud and one count of conspiracy to commit money laundering in connection with alleged campaign finance violations.
    (AP, 8/19/08)

2008        Aug 25, In Puerto Rico US federal agents arrested 59 alleged members of a drug trafficking ring in coordinated raids in a number of small towns, where some housing projects were under siege by gangsters. Home to nearly 4 million people, Puerto Rico’s homicide rate was more than three times the US national average. Authorities said drug trafficking was behind the majority of the killings.
    (AP, 8/25/08)

2008        Aug 29, The San Juan Star, Puerto Rico's Pulitzer Prize-winning English-language newspaper, closed. The owner blamed the union for not agreeing to benefit cuts and layoffs to offset declining revenue.
    (AP, 8/29/08)

2008        Aug, In Puerto Rico FBI agents and police officers launched the late-night raid in the city of Carolina to free a Dominican man. Police say kidnappers were holding him in the trunk of a car and demanding $650,000 in ransom. A Puerto Rican policeman was killed by “friendly fire” during the gunbattle with kidnappers. In 2009 authorities charged FBI agent Jared Hewitt with negligent homicide for shooting 12-year police veteran Orlando Gonzalez Ortiz.
    (AP, 8/7/09)

2008        Oct 2, The US FBI arrested Puerto Rico Sen. Jorge de Castro Font (45) for providing political favors in exchange for cash and services totaling roughly half a million dollars. He was indicted by a federal grand jury on 31 criminal counts including bribery, wire fraud and money laundering.
    (AP, 10/2/08)

2008        Oct 27, It was reported that a new study, released last week, has found dangerous levels of toxic metals in produce grown on Vieques Island, Puerto Rico, formerly used as a Navy bombing range, despite US government claims that the soil there is safe.
    (AP, 10/27/08)

2008        Nov 4, Puerto Rico voted to oust incumbent Gov. Anibal Acevedo Vila, who is under indictment for allegedly violating campaign finance laws. Challenger Luis Fortuno of the pro-statehood New Progressive Party, vowed to fight crime and spur the island's troubled economy. On March 20, 2009, a jury found Vila not guilty on all 9 charges against him.
    (AP, 11/4/08)(SFC, 3/21/09, p.A2)

2008        Dec 3, In Puerto Rico a Rockwell International 690B plane slammed into El Yunque mountain, killing Caribbean pilot Ken Webster and two US tourists on board. A spokesman for the Medical Mutual of Ohio health insurance company later identified the two Americans as Kent W. Clapp, the firm's chief executive, and his fiancee, Tracy Turner.
    (AP, 12/5/08)

2008        Dec 19, Federal agents in Puerto Rico arrested three island police officers accused of providing security for drug traffickers.
    (AP, 12/19/08)

2009        Jan 2, Luis Fortuno (48), Puerto Rico's new governor was sworn, inheriting an island government that is battling a recession, a soaring murder rate and a deficit of more than $1 billion.
    (AP, 1/2/09)

2009        Jan 23, In Puerto Rico three of five co-defendants reached plea agreements days after another co-defendant, former Acevedo aide Eneidy Coreano, agreed to testify in a federal corruption trial against former Gov. Anibal Acevedo Vila and have her charges dropped.
    (AP, 1/23/09)

2009        Feb 4, In Puerto Rico Sara Kuszak (35) made a desperate call for help from the trunk of her kidnapper's car, about an hour before she was found dead with her throat slashed. Eliezer Marquez Navedo (36) confessed to kidnapping the pregnant tourist as she was jogging and killing her. The FBI used a signal from the victim's cell phone to help locate the suspect. Navedo was later convicted of kidnapping, rape and murder and sentenced to 105 years in prison.
    (AP, 2/5/09)(AP, 6/2/09)

2009        Feb 8, A single-engine plane carrying six US citizens crashed into the Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Puerto Rico.
    (AP, 2/9/09)

2009        Apr 1, Puerto Rican actor Miguelangel Suarez (69) died. His career included minor roles in last year's epic "Che" and Woody Allen's "Bananas."
    (AP, 4/1/09)

2009        Apr 2, In Puerto Rico FBI agents and police arrested at least 35 suspects in an alleged drug trafficking ring blamed for seven murders.
    (AP, 4/2/09)

2009        Apr 2, The director of the US Mint unveiled the first US coin with an inscription in Spanish, a quarter honoring Puerto Rico as the "Isla del Encanto" (Island of Enchantment).
    (AP, 4/2/09)

2009        Apr 12, In Puerto Rico Army Spc. Nokware Rosado Munoz (28) had been arguing with his pregnant wife about his upcoming redeployment to Iraq before hanging himself.
    (AP, 4/13/09)

2009        May 29, Puerto Rico fired nearly 8,000 government workers, the start of a wave of layoffs aimed at closing a budget deficit as the island struggles through its third year of recession.
    (AP, 5/29/09)

2009        Jun 21, In San Juan, Puerto Rico, a lone man who robbed $340,000 from a popular hotel and casino by threatening a supervisor's family.
    (AP, 6/22/09)

2009        Aug 7, The US Environmental Protection Agency said the US Department of Agriculture  has agreed to pay $30,000 in penalties for alleged improper maintenance of underground storage tanks in Puerto Rico.
    (AP, 8/8/09)

2009        Aug 15, In Puerto Rico Ricardo Lebron Berrios (23), a prisoner being taken to jail to face car theft charges, allegedly shot one police officer to death and gravely wounded a second, then escaped in their squad car.
    (AP, 8/16/09)

2009        Sep 15, In Puerto Rico several employees of American Airlines were among a group of at least 20 people arrested on suspicion of aiding a smuggling ring that shipped drugs from Puerto Rico's main airport to the US mainland.
    (AP, 9/15/09)

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