Timeline Spain 1900-2008

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1900        Jan 1, Xavier Cugat, bandleader (married Abbe Lane, Charo), was born in Barcelona, Spain.
    (MC, 1/1/02)

1901        Nov 22, Joaquin Rodrigo, Spanish composer (Juglares), was born in Sagunto, Valencia.
    (MC, 11/22/01)

1904        May 11, Salvador Dali (d.1989), surrealist painter, was born in Figueres.
    (HN, 5/11/98)(WSJ, 1/25/99, p.A16)(SFEC, 7/16/00, p.T4)

1906        Apr 7, A general act was issued by the international conference of Algeciras, Spain. Thirteen powers participated in the deliberations on the Moroccan question, and despite strong German objections, agreed to entrust to France and Spain the management of the Moroccan police. The powers also made arrangements regarding Morocco's state bank, system of taxation, customs administration, and public works.
    (www.bartleby.com/67/1378.html)

1906        May 31, In Madrid, Spain, an anarchist bomb exploded under the wedding carriage King Alfonso and Queen Ena. 20 people were killed.
    (http://tinyurl.com/b45gm)

1907        Jun, Pablo Picasso stumbled on the African and Oceanic collection at the Ethnographic Museum of the Trocadero in Paris, as he was working on "Les Desmoiselles d’Avignon." The experience from that point on put an African influence on much of his work.
    (WSJ, 11/13/96, p.A20)(Econ, 2/11/06, p.81)

1907        Dec 2, Spain and France agreed to enforce Moroccan measures adopted in 1906.
    (HN, 12/2/98)

1907        Ricardo Anckermann (b.1842), ethnic German artist who painted in Mallorca, Spain, died.
    (WSJ, 12/27/07, p.D7)

1909        May 18, Isaac M F Albéniz (48), Spanish pianist, composer, died.
    (SC, 5/18/02)

1912        Mar 5, Spanish steamer "Principe de Asturias" sank NE of Spain and 500 died.
    (MC, 3/5/02)

1912        Nov 12, Jose Canalejas Y Mendez (b.1854), premier of Spain, was assassinated by anarchist Manuel Pardinas.
    (www.historia-es.com/usa/c_07_b02.htm)
 
1915        Apr 15, Manuel de Falla's ballet "El Amor Brujo," premiered in Madrid.
    (MC, 4/15/02)

1917        Feb 16, The 1st Madrid synagogue in 425 years opened.
    (MC, 2/16/02)

1917        Apr 7, De Falla's ballet "El Sombrero de tres Picos," premiered in Madrid.
    (MC, 4/7/02)

1918        Oct 17, Anton Dilger (B.1884), an American saboteur educated as a surgeon in Germany, died of Spanish flu in Spain. [see 1916] In 2007 Robert Koenig authored “The Fourth Horseman: One Man’s Mission to Wage the Great War in America.”
    (SSFC, 1/14/07, p.M2)

1919        Oct 18, Madrid opened a subway system.
    (HN, 10/18/98)

1921        Mar 8, Spanish Premier Eduardo Dato was assassinated while leaving Parliament in Madrid.
    (HN, 3/8/98)

1921        Jul, Juan Miro (1893-1983), Spanish artist, began working on his painting titled “The Farm.” He completed it 9 months later. Ernest Hemingway, one of his sparring partners in Paris, purchased the painting in 1925. In 1987 the Hemingway family donated the painting to the National Gallery of Art.
    (WSJ, 12/13/08, p.W8)

1923        Aug 10, Joaquin Sorolla y Bastida (b.1863), Spanish impressionist painter, died in Cercedilla. His work included “A View of Malaga.”
    (WSJ, 10/29/04, p.A15)(www.britannica.com)

1923        Manuel de Falla composed "Master Peter’s Puppet Show," (El Retablo de Maese Pedro). It was intended as a puppet theater forged with the poet, Federico Garcia Lorca.
    (SFC, 8/25/97, p.E1)

1924        Nov 1, Victoria de los Angeles, soprano (Mimi-La Boheme), was born in Spain.
    (MC, 11/1/01)

1925        Jun 22, France and Spain agreed to join forces against Abd el Krim in Morocco.
    (HN, 6/22/98)

1925        Jose Ortega y Gasset authored "The Dehumanization of Art," in which he pointed to the "grave dissociation of past and present."
    (WSJ, 1/28/02, p.A13)

1926        Jun 17, Spain threatened to quit the League of Nations if Germany was allowed to join.
    (HN, 6/17/98)

1926        Aug 7, The United States declared non-intervention in the Spanish Civil War.
    (HN, 8/7/98)

1926        The Marques de la Vega Inclan, the Royal Commissioner for Tourism under Alfonso III, began to promote hotels in remote places to boost local economies. The "Paradores" were to be built by the government. The first one opened in 1928 in the mountains of Gredos.
    (SFEM, 12/12/98, p.10)

1926        Antoni Gaudi, eccentric architect, died. His work included the Sagrada Familia Church with its Torre del Nacimento (Tower of Birth) in Barcelona.
    (WSJ, 7/21/00, p.W12)

1927        Mar 22, Federico Garcia Lorca's "El Maleficio," premiered in Madrid.
    (MC, 3/22/02)

1929        Jul, Gala, wife of poet Paul Eluard, met Salvadore Dali (25) in Cadaques, Spain. She believed he was a genius on the verge of madness and decided to help him get a grip on reality while he unleashed his visions on canvas.
    (SFEM, 1/25/98, p.30)

1930        Nov 15, Madrid was paralyzed by general strikes and riots.
    (HN, 11/15/98)

1930        Dec 12, Revolution began in Spain as rebels took a border town.
    (HN, 12/12/98)

1930        Dec 16, A general strike was called in support of the revolution.
    (HN, 12/16/98)

1930        Dec 20, Thousands of Spaniards signed a revolutionary manifesto.
    (HN, 12/20/98)

1931        Apr 12, Spanish voters rejected the monarchy.
    (MC, 4/12/02)

1931        Apr 14, In Spain a Republic was declared. King Alfonso XIII of Spain was overthrown and went into exile, and the Second Spanish Republic was proclaimed.
    (SFC, 11/12/96, p.A12)(HN, 4/14/98)(AP, 4/14/08)

1931        Jun 13, Santiago Rusinol (b.1861), Spanish Catalan post-impressionist painter, author, and playwright., died.
    (http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0750803/)

1931        Aug 2, Spanish Catalonia agreed by over 99% for autonomous status.
    (MC, 8/2/02)

1931        Oct 1, Spain established general female suffrage.
    (MC, 10/1/01)

1931        Nov 29, The Spanish government seized large estates for land redistribution.
    (HN, 11/29/98)

1931        Dec 9, Spain became a republic.
    (MC, 12/9/01)

1932        Jan 22, Government troops crushed a Communist uprising in Northern Spain.
    (HN, 1/22/99)

1932        The town of Bunol banned bullfighting. An annual Tomatina festival later took its place where participants pelt each other with tomatoes. [see 1944-45]
    (SFC, 8/29/96, p.A12)

1933        Jan 12, An uprising of Guardia Civil in Spain left 25 dead.
    (MC, 1/12/02)

1933        Apr 12, Montserrat Caballe, soprano (Mimi-La Boheme), was born in Barcelona, Spain.
    (MC, 4/12/02)

1933        May 9, Spanish anarchists called for a general strike.
    (MC, 5/9/02)

1933        Jun 3, Pope Pius XI encyclical "On oppression of the Church in Spain."
    (MC, 6/3/02)

1933        Sep 15, Rafael Fruhbeck de Burgos, conductor, was born in Burgos, Spain.
    (http://wkar.org/90.5/page.php?content=history)

1933        Nov 5, Spanish Basques voted for autonomy.
    (MC, 11/5/01)

1933        A revolutionary uprising was staged by anarchists at Casas Viejas and was drowned in blood by Spanish authorities.  In 1968 Jerome Mintz (d.1997 at 67), US anthropologist, published "The Anarchists of Casa Viejas," an account and oral history of the 1933 Spanish uprising.
    (SFC,12/20/97, p.A21)

1934        Dec 29, Federico Garcia Lorca's "Yerma," premiered in Madrid.
    (MC, 12/29/01)

1934        Spain annexed the interior area of Western Sahara.
    (SFC, 11/27/00, p.A12)

1935        Oct 20, 400,000 demonstrated against fascism in Madrid.
    (MC, 10/20/01)

1936        Feb 16, Spanish Frente Popular (People's Front) won elections.
    (MC, 2/16/02)

1936        May 4, El Cordobes (Manuel Benitez), Spanish matador, was born.
    (MC, 5/4/02)

1936        Jul 17, Gen. Francisco Franco was flown from the Canary Islands, where he served as military governor, to Spanish Morocco where he led a rebellion against the elected Popular Front. This began the Spanish civil war. The first word of the rebellion was reported by Lester Ziffren (1906-2007) of the United Press. The rebel Nationalist movement under Francisco Franco gained support from the fascist regimes in Italy and Germany in opposition.
    (SFC, 11/12/96, p.A12)(SFC, 7/13/01, WBb p.3)(WSJ, 11/24/07, p.A8)

1936        Aug 3, The US State Department urged Americans in Spain to leave because of that country's civil war.
    (AP, 8/3/97)

1936        Aug 16, Spanish poet Garcia Lorca was arrested in Granada. He disappeared shortly thereafter. The 1997 film "The Disappearance of Garcia Lorca" was an attempt to depict the circumstances of his disappearance. Lorca was the author of "Gypsy Ballads," "Blood Wedding" and "The Poet." Spanish poet Fredico Garcia Lorca was shot by Franco's troops after being forced to dig his own grave.
    (LVRJ, 11/1/97, p.12B)(HN, 8/19/98)(MT, Spg. ‘99, p.2)

1936        Aug 18, Federico Garcia Lorca was shot and killed by a Francoist squad on the outskirts of Grenada and buried in an unmarked grave along with 3 other prisoners. His dramatic works included "Blood Wedding," "Yerma," Dona Rosita the Spinster," and "The House of Bernarda Alba." In 1998 the biography "Lorca: A Dream of Life" by Leslie Stainton was published in London.
    (MT, Spg. ‘99, p.3)

1936        Sep 21, The Spanish fascist junta named Franco generalissimo, supreme commander. [see Oct 1]
    (MC, 9/21/01)

1936        Sep 27, Franco troops conquered Toledo.
    (MC, 9/27/01)

1936        Sep, Robert Capa's photograph of a falling Spanish Civil War militiaman was first published by French magazine Vu, and later in Life magazine. The caption on the legendary photojournalist's "Falling Militiaman" said it depicted the moment a Republican rifleman was mortally wounded. In 2009 Spanish researchers who studied events surrounding the picture believed it may have been staged.
    (AP, 7/23/09)

1936        Oct 1, General Francisco Franco was proclaimed the head of an insurgent Spanish state. [see Sep 21]
    (AP, 10/1/97)

1936        Nov 7, Battle of Madrid began.
    (MC, 11/7/01)

1936        Nov 16, German Luftwaffe began bombing Madrid.
    (MC, 11/16/01)

1936        Nov 23, U.S. abandoned the American embassy in Madrid, Spain, which was engulfed by civil war.
    (HN, 11/23/98)

1936        The Gypsy Jimenez Malla was killed by Republican forces in Barbastro when he defended a priest and refused to renounce his faith. In 1997 he was beatified by Pope John Paul II.
    (SFC, 5/5/97, p.A8)

1936        Some 700 Soviet advisors were sent to Spain in an attempt to run and control the economy, government and armed forces. By the end of the civil war most were killed by Stalin’s purges.
    (WSJ, 7/11/01, p.A15)

1936-1939    The Spanish Civil War has been commonly referred to as "a rehearsal for World War II" by historians because of the intervention by Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy and the Soviet Union, and their use of the war to test new weapons and military techniques. The Spanish Civil War was fought between the liberal Second Spanish Republic government and right-wing rebel forces, including the fascist Falangists, monarchists and Nationalists. The rebels had the support of the Roman Catholic Church, in addition to Germany and Italy. The Government supporters, called Loyalists, had the support of communists, socialists, anarchists, the Soviet Union and volunteers from around the world who formed the International Brigades. Between 400,000 and 1 million were killed in the war, ultimately won by the rebels. In 2008 Paul Preston authored “We Saw Spain Die: Foreign correspondents in the Spanish Civil War.”
    (HNQ, 9//00)(Econ, 10/18/08, p.97)
1936-1939    The International Brigades of about 40,000 volunteers went to Spain to fight fascism [in the Spanish Civil War] and restore the legal government overturned by Franco. Of these the American Abe Lincoln Brigade had about 2,800 volunteers of whom more than half died. Some 500,000 to 1 million people died in the war. Veterans of the Brigades later published the "Volunteer."
    (SFC, 6/3/96, p.E2)(WSJ, 8/27/96, p.A12)(SFC, 11/12/96, p.A12)(SFC, 12/23/98, p.C5)
1936-1939    The Soviets brought to Spain both Russian commanders and the NKVD to suppress Trotskyists and anarchists who were fighting the volunteers. In 1998 William Herrick (83) published his memoir "Jumping the Line." Included in the work is his story of the time he spent with the Lincoln Battalion in the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). The events were fictionalized in his 1969 novel "Hermanos." In 2001 the Soviet Union’s role was documented in "Spain Betrayed" edited by Ronald Radosh, Mary R. Habeck and Grigory Sevostianov.
    (WSJ, 4/30/98, p.A17)(WSJ, 7/11/01, p.A15)
1936-1939    The term "fifth column" was first applied during the Spanish Civil War of 1936-'39. As the forces of General Francisco Franco laid siege to Madrid, General Emilio Mola referred to a "fifth column" that would sabotage the city's defenses and help his forces, which were marching in four columns, take the city. Thereafter, the term has been used to refer to a clandestine, subversive force at work within a country to further the military and political aims of an enemy.
    (HNQ, 8/17/98)
 
1937        Jan 6, The U.S. banned the shipment of arms to war-torn Spain.
    (HN, 1/6/99)

1937        Mar 20, A Franco offensive took place at Guadalajara, Spain.
    (MC, 3/20/02)

1937        Apr 26, German planes from the Condor Legion--sent to Spain by Adolf Hitler to help fascist General Francisco Franco overthrow the communist Popular Front regime-- attacked the Basque town of Guernica in Spain. Bombs fell for three  hours and escaping villagers were shot down by machine-gun fire from the air. The attack killed as many as 1,600-1,650 Basque civilians and injured 900. Although the alleged target was a bridge of military significance some distance from the town, dazed survivors described a merciless four-hour bombing and strafing attack by German pilots directed toward the village and its inhabitants. The Guernica atrocity became synonymous with the horror of modern warfare and inspired one of the 20th century's greatest works of art, Guernica, by Spanish artist Pablo Picasso.
    (440 Int’l., 4/26/97, p.2)(WSJ, 4/28/97, p.A1)(AP, 4/26/98)(HNPD, 4/26/99)

1937        Apr 27, German bombers of the Condor Legion conducted follow up raids at Guernica, Spain. [see Apr 26]
    (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombing_of_Guernica)

1937        May 31, German battleships shelled Almeria, Spain.
    (MC, 5/31/02)

1937        Jun 19, The town of Bilbao, Spain, fell to the Nationalist forces.
    (HN, 6/19/98)

1937        Jul 1, Spanish bishops supported Franco & fascists.
    (MC, 7/1/02)

1937        Jul 5, There was a Republican offensive by Brunete in Spain.
    (MC, 7/5/02)

1937        Aug 6, Franco's artillery opened fire on Madrid.
    (MC, 8/6/02)

1937        Aug 24, There was a Republican offensive near Belchite, Spain.
    (MC, 8/24/02)

1937        Oct 31, Spanish government moved from Valencia to Barcelona.
    (MC, 10/31/01)

1937        Nov 28, Franco blockaded the Spanish coast.
    (HN, 11/28/98)

1937        Dec 1, Japan recognized Spain’s Franco govt.
    (MC, 12/1/01)

1937        Pablo Picasso painted the black-and-white "Guernica" mural for the 1937 International Exposition in Paris. The Republican government commissioned the mural painting as part of the Spanish pavilion at the 1937 World’s Fair in Paris. Picasso managed to complete the huge work (11.5 by 25.5 feet) in just over three weeks, with the assistance of Dora Maar. Picasso never returned to his native Spain (he had last been there in 1934). Before his death in 1973, he directed that "Guernica" not be returned to Spain until the restoration of democracy there. Francisco Franco, leader of the Nationalist forces that overthrew the Republican government in the Spanish Civil War, remained the head of the Spanish government until 1973, dying in 1975. Economic initiatives and other reforms begun in the 1960s helped transform Spain into a democratic constitutional monarchy in the three years following his death. The painting "Guernica" was returned from New York City in 1981 and is now on exhibit, along with other 19th and 20th century works, at the Buen Retiro Palace in Madrid.
    (SFC, 4/26/00, p.C5)

1937        A Hungarian brigade joined the Spanish civil war to fight the fascists.
    (MT, Fall. ‘97, p.4)

1938        Jan 5, Juan Carlos I, King of Spain, was born.
    (HN, 1/5/99)

1938        Jan 12, Austria recognized the Franco government in Spain.
    (HN, 1/12/99)

1938        Feb 27, Britain and France recognized the Franco government in Spain.
    (MC, 2/27/02)

1938        Apr 19, General Francisco Franco declared victory in the Spanish Civil War. [see 1939]
    (HN, 4/19/97)

1938        May 3, Vatican recognized Franco's Catholic and fascist Spain.
    (MC, 5/3/02)

1938        Oct 28, There was a farewell parade of International Brigade in Barcelona, Spain.
    (MC, 10/28/01)

1938        Nov 15, Farewell Parade of International Brigades in Barcelona.
    (MC, 11/15/01)

1938        Juan Miro, Spanish painter, completed a set of 8 etchings titled the "Black and Red Series."
    (SFEC, 1/10/99, p.T3)

1938        The Spanish Loyalist defense at the battle of the Ebro was photographed by Robert Capa.
    (SFEM, 1/12/97, BR  p.9)

1939        Jan 26, Franco conquered Barcelona.
    (MC, 1/26/02)

1939        Feb 6, Spanish government fled to France.
    (MC, 2/6/02)

1939        Feb 11, The Negrin government returned to Madrid, Spain.
    (HN, 2/11/97)

1939        Feb 28, Great Britain recognized the Franco regime in Spain. [see Feb 27, 1938]
    (MC, 2/28/02)

1939        Mar 6, Jose Miaja took over the Madrid government after a military coup and vowed to seek "peace with honor."
    (HN, 3/6/98)

1939        Mar 28, The Spanish Civil War ended as Madrid fell to Francisco Franco. He emerged victorious and became head of Fascist Spain ending the Spanish Civil War. France executed more than 100,000 people who had opposed him. In 1982 Dan Richardson wrote "Comintern Army," a historical work on the Spanish Civil War. "The Historical Dictionary of the Spanish Civil War" was published in 1982. In 1991 Burnett Bolloten wrote "The Spanish Civil War." In 2006 Antony Beevor authored “The Battle for Spain: The Spanish Civil War 1936-1936.” This was an update of his 1982 account.
    (SFC, 11/12/96, p.A12)(AP, 3/28/97)(HN, 3/28/98)(WSJ, 11/19/96, p.A22)(Econ, 6/24/06, p.97)

1939        Apr 1, The United States recognized the Franco government in Spain following the end of the Spanish civil war. A Spanish official later said that without American petroleum and American trucks and American credit we could never have won the civil war.
    (AP, 4/1/98)(Econ, 6/24/06, p.97)

1941        Jan 21, Placido Domingo, opera tenor (Pinkerton-Mme Butterfly), was born in Madrid, Spain.
    (MC, 1/21/02)

1942        Camilo Jose Cela (d.2002), Spanish author, published "The Family of Pascual Duarte" in Argentina because it was considered too violent and crude for Spain. Cela won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1989. Cela’s style was called "tremendismo" and clashed with the lyrical writing of previous Spanish writers.
    (SFC, 1/19/02, p.A23)

1943        Sep 23, Julio Iglesias De la Cueva, Spanish singer (To All the Girls I’ve Loved Before…), was born in Madrid.
    (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julio_Iglesias)

1943        Gonzalo Torrente Ballester (d.1998 at 88) published his first novel "Javier Marino." He went on to publish over 30 novels that included "La Saga/Fuga de J.B" (The Legend/Flight of J.B), "Los Gozos y Las Sombras" (The Delights and the Shadows).
    (SFC, 1/29/99, p.E2)

1944         Jan 16, In Leon Province, Spain, train wrecks in the Torro Tunnel killed more than 500 people.
    (AP, 2/18/04)(SFC, 6/4/98, p.A15)

1944-1945    Bunol, Spain, 25 miles west of Valencia. La Tomatina, the tomato throwing festival, began when some boys tossed tomatoes during a procession in honor of the patron saint, San Luis Bertran. The festival grew even though banned a few times in the 50's to the purchase of $18,400 worth of tomatoes by the town government from the Spanish province of Extremadura, 500 miles away. [see 1932]
    (WSJ, 8/31/95, p.A-1)

1945        Carmen Laforet (23), Spanish writer, authored her first novel “Nada” (Nothing). It was set in Spain during the 1930s and conveyed the crushing weight of war through its characters. An English translation became available in 2007.
    (SFC, 3/2/07, p.E7)

1946        Nov 14, Manuel de Falla (69), Spanish composer (Vita Breve, Atl ntida), died.
    (MC, 11/14/01)

1946        Dec 5, Jose Carreras, opera tenor (I Lombardi, Werther, Three Tenors), was born in Barcelona, Spain.
    (MC, 12/5/01)

1946        Dec 11, Spain was suspended from the UN.
    (MC, 12/11/01)

1947        Jul 9, Spain voted for Franco.
    (MC, 7/9/02)

1947        Aug 18, Naval torpedo and mine factory exploded at Cadiz, Spain, killing 300.
    (MC, 8/18/02)

1947        Aug 28, Legendary bullfighter Manolete was mortally wounded by a bull during a fight in Linares, Spain; he died the following day at age 30.
    (AP, 8/28/97)

1950        Nov 10, Spanish dictator Generalissimo Francisco Franco ended war in Gibraltar.
    (MC, 11/10/01)

1950        Dec 27, U.S. and Spain resumed relations.
    (HN, 12/27/98)

1950        Gilbert Trigano (d.2000 at 80) of France and Gerard Blitz, a Belgium water polo champion, founded the 1st Club Med on the Spanish island of Mallorca.
    (SFC, 2/5/01, p.A21)

1952        Barnaby Conrad (30) authored the bestseller "Matador," about the life of Manolete, Spain's greatest bullfighter.
    (SSFC, 11/16/03, p.E3)

1952        Rafael del Pino founded Grupo Ferrovial S.A., a multinational Spanish company involved in construction, infrastructure, real estate, and related services.
    (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrovial)(Econ, 7/7/07, p.67)

1953        Feb 25, Jose Maria Aznar, later prime minister, was born.
    (WP, 6/29/96, p.A20)

1953        Sep 26, US and Spain signed a defense treaty with 4 US bases to be set in Spain .
    (MC, 9/26/01)

1953        Claudio Rodriguez published the first of his 5 books of poetry: "Don de Ebriedad" (Gift, or Master of Drunkenness).
    (SFC, 7/23/99, p.D6)

1953        Opera lovers in Bilbao founded the Association Bilbaina de Amigos de la Opera (A.B.A.O.).
    (WSJ, 11/23/99, p.A21)

1954        Gen. Franco closed the Spanish consulate on Gibraltar in a fit of rage over a visit by Queen Elizabeth II.
    (AP, 9/19/06)

1955        Oct 18, Jose Ortega y Gasset, Spanish philosopher, died at 72.
    (MC, 10/18/01)

1956        Nov 6, Holland and Spain withdrew from Olympics, to protest Soviets in Hungary.
    (MC, 11/6/01)

1957        Ramon Rubial (d.1999 at 92), an anti-Franco socialist, was released from prison and became the underground leader of the Socialist Party.
    (SFC, 5/26/99, p.C8)

1957        In Spain a flood devastated the Ciutat Vella, the historic district of Valencia. To avoid another such deluge the government diverted the Turia River and turned the riverbed into a public green zone.
    (SFC, 8/15/07, p.G1)

1958        May 29, Juan Ramón Jimenez (76), Spanish poet (Nobel 1956), died.
    (SC, 5/29/02)

1958        New York papers reported that San Francisco writer and bon vivant Barnaby Conrad was dying due to a goring wound received in a Spanish bullfight. Conrad survived and later opened the Matador nightclub in SF.
    (SSFC, 11/16/03, p.E3)

1959        Jul 31, In Spain dissident student members of the Basque Nationalist Party (PNV), inspired by Marxist-Leninist teachings, founded ETA, which stands for Euskadi ta Askatasuna, meaning Basque Fatherland and Liberty in the Basque language. Its founders focused on Gen. Francisco Franco's suppression of the Basque language and culture.
    (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ETA)(AP, 7/30/09)(www.cfr.org/publication/9271/)

1960        Aug 10, Antonio Banderas, actor (Phila, Evita, Mambo Kings, was born in Malaga, Spain.
    (MC, 8/10/02)

1960        Nov 13, Fire in movie theater killed 152 children in Amude, Spain.
    (MC, 11/13/01)

1961        Jul 15, Spain accepted equal rights for men and women.
    (MC, 7/15/02)

1961        Jul 18, In Spain ETA’s first violent action tried to derail a train carrying supporters of dictator Gen. Francisco Franco.
    (AP, 3/22/06)

1961        The film "Viridiana" from Spain was directed by Luis Bunuel.
    (SFEC, 4/13/97, DB p.44)

1962        May 14, Princess Sophia of Greece wed Don Juan Carlos of Spain.
    (MC, 5/14/02)

1963        In Spain Amancio Ortega Gaona began to trade garments. He later founded Inditex, a holding company of retail brands, which included Zara. By 2005 Inditex had emerged as one of the world’s fastest-expanding makers of affordable fashion clothing.
    (Econ, 6/18/05, p.57)

1965        Jan 20, Generalissimo Francisco Franco met with Jewish representatives to discuss legitimizing Jewish communities in Spain.
    (MC, 1/20/02)

1966        Jan 2, The 1st Jewish child was born in Spain since the 1492 expulsion.
    (MC, 1/2/02)

1966        Jan 17, A US Air Force B-52 carrying four unarmed hydrogen bombs crashed on the Spanish coast. Three of the bombs were quickly recovered, but the fourth wasn't found until April. Two US Air Force jets collided in the skies over Spanish coastal village of Palomares. The mid-air crash of the B-52 bomber and a KC-135 refueling plane killed 8 crew members.
    (AP, 1/17/06)(www.commondreams.org/views01/0803-08.htm)

1966        May 27, 6 French fighters crashed above Spain.
    (MC, 5/27/02)

1967        Nov 26, Cloudburst over Lisbon killed 450.
    (MC, 11/26/01)

1968        Mar 3, The embassies of Greece, Portugal and Spain were bombed in the Hague.
    (http://1968ineurope.sneakpeek.de/index.php/chronologies/index/42)

1968        May 5, Spain closed its frontier with Gibraltar. This Followed a referendum in which Gibraltar's voters were asked whether they wished to become part of Spain and voted with a resounding no vote.
    (www.thepeoplehistory.com/may5th.html)

1968        Jun 7, In Spain ETA, a Basque Homeland and Freedom separatist group, shot and killed Civil Guard Jose Pardines Arcay at a checkpoint. This marked ETA’s 1st killing as it began fighting for independence. Its political wing was Herri Batasuna.
    (SFEC, 7/13/97, p.A11)(SFC, 7/21/97, p.A10)(AP, 3/22/06)

1968        James Michener (1907-1997), American author, wrote his travel book "Iberia," a detailed and illustrated exploration of Spain at it was during the mid 1960s.
    (SFC,10/17/97, p.A17)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_A._Michener)

1969        Jan 4, Spain returned the Ifni province to Morocco.
    (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ifni)

1969        Jan 23, Gregorio Ordonez, deputy mayor of San Sebastian, Spain, was assassinated by an ETA terrorist.
    (Econ, 5/17/08, p.66)(www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2001/basque/stories/overview.html)

1969        Jun 6, Gen. Franco closed the Gibraltar border with Spain. It stayed closed for 16 years. This effectively starved Gibraltar of workers while depriving some 9,000 former workers of much-needed jobs and of a right to claim pensions. The frontier was not fully reopened until 1985.
    (WSJ, 4/8/02, p.A8)(AP, 9/19/06)(http://web.mit.edu/cascon/cases/case_gib.html)

1969        Jun, A block of flats near Segovia, Spain, collapsed killing 58 people. Developer Jesus Gil y Gil (1933-2004) was jailed for 5 years for criminal negligence, but was pardoned after 18 months.
    (Econ, 8/23/03, p.40)(www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1462047/Jesus-Gil.html)

1969        Jul 22,  Dictator Francisco Franco appointed Prince Juan Carlos de Borbon y Borbon as official successor to the position of Head of State.
    (www.archontology.org/nations/spain/spain_1936s/franco.php)

1969        The International Convention for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas entered into force.  ICCAT, with headquarters based in Madrid, Spain, was established at a Conference of Plenipotentiaries, which prepared and adopted the convention, signed in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 1966.
    (Econ, 11/1/08, p.93)(www.iccat.int/en/)

1970        Jul 3, A British Dan-Air charter, flying a Comet 4 turbojet, crashed near Barcelona and 112 were killed.
    (www.history.com/this-day-in-history.do?action=Article&id=834)

1970        Airbus Industrie was formally set up following an agreement between Aerospatiale (France) and Deutsche Aerospace (Germany). In 1971 it was joined by CASA (Spain). The name "Airbus" was taken from a nonproprietary term used by the airline industry in the 1960s to refer to a commercial aircraft of a certain size and range, as term was acceptable to the French linguistically.
    (www.absoluteastronomy.com/reference/airbus)

1971        Jun 16, An El Greco sketch, "The Immaculate Conception," stolen in Spain 35 years earlier, was recovered in New York City by the FBI.
    (www.historynet.com/tdih0616.htm)

1972        Pablo Picasso (1881-1973) drew his chilling crayon self-portrait as a skull.
    (SFC, 6/4/96, p.E5)(SFC, 7/14/96, p.C11)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pablo_Picasso)

1973        Apr 8, Pablo Picasso (b.1881), Spanish artist, died at his home near Mougins, France, at age 91. He left some 50,000 works that included 1,885 paintings, 1,228 sculptures, 2,880 ceramics, 18,095 engravings, 6,112 lithographs, 3,181 linocuts, 7,089 drawings plus 4,669 drawings and sketches in 149 notebooks, 11 tapestries and 8 rugs. Two books of a planned 4-volume biography were published by John Richardson, who then interrupted the series in 2000 with "The Sorcerer’s Apprentice: Picasso, Provence, and Douglas Cooper." Picasso’s estate owed so much in death duties that many of his works fell into government hands. In 2007 John Richardson authored “A Life of Picasso: The Triumphant Years, 1917-1932.”
    (AP, 4/8/97)(SFEC, 1/30/00, BR p.6)(SSFC, 5/20/01, p.T8)(Econ, 11/17/07, p.99)

1973        Aug 6, Fulgencio Batista y Zaldivar (b.1901), former dictator Cuba (1940-58), died in Spain.
    (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fulgencio_Batista)

1973        Oct 22, Spanish cellist, conductor and composer Pablo Casals died in Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico, at age 96.
    (AP, 10/22/98)

1973        Dec 20, ETA killed PM Adm. Luis Carrero Blanco with a bomb in Madrid.
    (AP, 3/22/06)

1973        Salvador Dali (1904-1989), Spanish artist, painted "Portrait of Alice Cooper's Brain."
    (WSJ, 1/26/00, p.A20)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvador_Dal%C3%AD)

1974        Sep 12, In its 1st major attack ETA killed 12 people with a bomb at a Madrid cafe.
    (AP, 3/22/06)

1974        The Dali Museum opened in Figueres.
    (SFEC, 7/16/00, p.T4)

1975        May, Spain moved out of Spanish Sahara and the native Sahrawi called for independence. Spain allowed Spanish Sahara (Western Sahara) to go to Morocco and Mauritania.
    (www.africaaction.org/docs02/wsah0205.htm)(WSJ, 6/7/00, p.A1)(Econ, 8/28/04, p.76)

1975        Oct 30, Juan Carlos (37) assumed power in Spain after General Franco, near death, gave him control.
    (http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/30/newsid_2464000/2464945.stm)

1975        Nov 20, After nearly four decades of absolute rule (1936-1975), Spain's General Francisco Franco died, two weeks before his 83rd birthday. Juan Carlos, grandson of King Alfonso, was his designated successor and the monarchy was restored. In 2002 Gabrielle Ashford Hodges authored "Franco: A Concise Biography."
    (SFC, 11/12/96, p.A12)(SFEC, 10/5/97, p.A17)(AP, 11/20/97)(SSFC, 4/21/02, p.M4)

1975        Nov 22, Juan Carlos was proclaimed king of Spain.
    (AP, 11/22/97)

1975        Spain created the Cervantes Prize, the Spanish speaking world’s highest literary prize.
    (SFC, 11/28/08, p.E10)

1976        Sep 8, Joaquin Zamacois Soler (b,1894), Spanish composer, died.
    (http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joaquim_Zamacois_i_Soler)

1976        Nov 18, Spain's parliament approved a bill to establish a democracy after 37 years of dictatorship.
    (AP, 11/18/97)

1976        Dec 11, Hungarian art forger Elmyr de Hory (b.1906) died of a lethal overdose of barbiturates in Ibiza, Spain. The 1969 book "Fake" by Clifford Irving was about De Hory and both Irving and de Hory were featured in the 1975 Orson Welles film "F" for Fake.
    (SFC, 7/29/99, p.E6)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elmyr_de_Hory)

1977        Jun 15, The first general election in Spain since 1936 resulted in victory for the UCD (Union of Democratic Centre).
    (HN, 6/15/99)

1978        Jul 11, In Spain 216 people were killed at a camping site when a tanker truck overfilled with propylene gas exploded on a coastal highway south of Tarragona.
    (WUD, 1994, p.1691)(AP, 7/11/97)

1978        Dec 27, King Juan Carlos ratified Spain's 1st democratic constitution. A parliamentary monarchy was established with power in the hands of the legislative branch. Many powers centralized under Franco were devolved to the 17 autonomous regions.
    (www.igsap.map.es/cia/dispo/ce_ingles_index.htm)(Econ, 1/14/06, p.17)

1979        Jun 28, Philippe Cousteau (b.1940), the youngest son of Jacques Cousteau, was killed while testing a seaplane near Lisbon.
    (SFC, 6/26/97, p.A7)

1979        Pilar Miro (d.1997), film director, made "The Cuenca Crime," an expose of Civil Guard torture with graphic violence. It was censored.
    (SFC,10/20/97, p.A19)

1980        Mar 31, In Spain the first session of the Basque parliament was held in Guernica.
    (Econ, 3/7/09, p.60)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basque_Parliament)

1980        Jul 16, Juan Antonio Samaranch (b.1920) of Spain was elected president of the Int’l. Olympic Committee (IOC). His reign lasted 21 years.
    (www.olympic.org/uk/organisation/ioc/presidents/samaranch_uk.asp)

1980        Aug 29, Louis Darquier de Pellepoix (real name Louis Darquier), born in Cahors, France, on December 19, 1897, died near Malaga (Spain). He was commissioner to Jewish questions under the Vichy Régime from 1942-1944. In 2006 Carmen Callil authored “A Forgotten History of Family, Fatherland and Vichy, France.”
    (SSFC, 9/24/06, p.M1)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Darquier_de_Pellepoix)

1980        In Spain ETA had its bloodiest year with 91 victims, nearly half of them civilians.
    (AP, 3/22/06)

1981        Feb 23, An attempted coup began in Spain as 200 members of the Civil Guard and some of the military invaded the Parliament, taking lawmakers hostage. The attempt, led by Colonel Antonio Tejero, collapsed 18 hours later. Juan Carlos spoke to the nation on behalf of democracy and the coup collapsed.
    (SFC, 11/12/96, p.A12)(AP, 2/23/98)(Econ, 2/4/06, p.48)

1981        Sep 10, Pablo Picasso’s painting Guernica was returned to Spain and installed in Madrid’s Prado Museum. Picasso had stated in his will that the painting was not to return to Spain until the Fascists lost power and democracy was restored.
    (HN, 9/10/00)

1981        Adulterated cooking oil killed 500 [435] people and more than 20,000 [30,000] remained disabled in 1996. In the original 1989 trial 13 merchants were convicted and sentenced to prison. They were also ordered to compensate the victims but declared bankruptcy. Miguel Hernandez Bolanos, director of the Central Customs Laboratory, was found guilty in 1996 of negligence for having written a favorable report for the industrial oil sold as cooking oil. In 1997 Federico Povedano Alonso, a former official in charge of agricultural imports, was also found guilty. Both men received 6-year suspended sentences.
    (SFC, 5/25/96, p.A11)(SFC, 10/3/97, p.B3)

1982          May 30, Spain became NATO's 16th member, the first country to enter the Western alliance since West Germany in 1955.
    (AP, 5/30/97)(http://europa.eu.int/abc/history/1982/index_en.htm)

1982        Oct 28, The Spanish Socialist Workers’ Party won the elections and Felipe Gonzalez (b.1942) became prime minister. He served 4 successive mandates and stepped down as head of the party in 1997.
    (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez)(WSJ, 11/30/95, p.A-10)

1982        Oct 31, Pope John Paul II became the 1st pontiff to visit Spain.
    (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_pastoral_visits_of_Pope_John_Paul_II_outside_Italy)

1982        Gala, wife of Salvadore Dali, died.
    (SFEC, 7/16/00, p.T5)

1983        Nov 27, In Spain 181 people were killed when a Colombian Avianca Airlines Boeing 747 crashed near Madrid's Barajas airport.
    (AP, 11/27/07)

1983        Dec 7, In Madrid, Spain, an Aviaco DC-9 collided on a runway with an Iberia Air Lines Boeing 727 that was accelerating for takeoff, killing all 42 people aboard the DC-9 and 51 aboard the Iberia jet.
    (AP, 12/7/03)

1983        Dec, Segundo Marey, a French furniture dealer, was kidnapped from his home in France as a suspected Basque terrorist. In 1998 former Interior Minister Jose Barrionuevo and Rafael Vera, former director of state security, were arrested for the kidnapping and misappropriation of government funds for the crimes along with Julian Sancristobal, former civil governor of Vizcaya province.
    (SFC, 7/30/98, p.A16)

1983-1987    Spain waged a "dirty war" against Basque rebels. A former interior minister and 11 others went on trial in 1998 for kidnapping linked to the war in which 27 [28] people were killed. The killings were attributed to the Anti-Terrorist Liberation Groups known as GAL.
    (SFC, 6/13/96, p.C3)(WSJ, 5/26/98, p.A1)(SFC, 6/24/98, p.A12)

1984        Dec, Spain’s Socialist government permanently shuttered its nuclear facilities.
    (WSJ, 5/10/96, p.A-5D)

1985        Feb 19, 150 were killed when a Spanish jetliner crashed approaching Bilbao, Spain.
    (http://tinyurl.com/ylaall)

1985        Mar 24, Thousands demonstrated in Madrid against the NATO presence in Spain.
    (HN, 3/24/98)

1985        Mar 29-1985 Mar 30, A European Council is held in Brussels, Belgium. It accepts the adhesion of Spain and Portugal in the European Communities and agrees on the Integrated Mediterranean Programmes (IMP) as proposed by the Commission.
    (http://europa.eu.int/abc/history/1985/index_en.htm)

1985        Apr 12, A bombing in Madrid, Spain, killed 18 and injured 82. Shia Muslim extremists claimed responsibility.
    (WSJ, 3/12/04, p.A11)

1985        Jun 12, Spain and Portugal signed Accession Treaties to the European Community.
    (http://europa.eu.int/abc/history/1985/index_en.htm)

1985        Jul 20, Divers found the wreck of Spanish galleon Atocha.
    (MC, 7/20/02)

1985        The Socialist government approved pensions for 60,000 soldiers or their dependents who supported the losing Republican side in the Civil War.
    (SFEC,12/28/97, p.A18)

1986        Jul 14, In Spain Jose Ignacio De Juana Chaos (b.1955), a former police officer who joined one of ETA's most active commando units, took part in a Madrid car bombing that killed 12 Civil Guard policemen. 45 people were wounded.
    (AP, 8/2/08)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%B1aki_de_Juana_Chaos)

1986        Spain’s Socialist government paid $30 million and returned 100 properties to the Socialist-leaning General Workers Union. In 1997 the union sought an additional $155 million for hundreds of other properties.
    (SFEC,12/28/97, p.A18)

1986        Portugal and Spain entered the European Union expanding the membership to 12.
    (WSJ, 5/23/96, p.A-1)(SFC, 7/18/03, p.D5)(Econ, 6/13/09, SR p.3)

1987        Jan 16, Jose Ignacio De Juana Chaos (b.1955), a former police officer who joined one of ETA's most active commando units, was arrested. In 1989 he was convicted of killing 25 people in a string of attacks, including the Madrid car bombing that killed 12 Civil Guard policemen on July 14, 1986. In 2008 De Juana Chaos (52) was released from prison after serving 21 years.
    (AP, 8/2/08)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%B1aki_de_Juana_Chaos)

1987        May 13, The Bank of Spain signed an agreement to join the European Monetary System.
    (http://europa.eu.int/abc/history/1987/index_en.htm)

1987        Jun 3, Andres Segovia (b.1893), Spanish classical guitarist, died in Madrid.
    (WSJ, 8/7/00, p.A6)(www.reference.com/browse/wiki/Andr%E9s_Segovia)

1987         Jun 19, In Spain an ETA car bomb in the parking lot of the Hipercor department store in Barcelona killed 21 and wounds 45. This was ETA’s bloodiest attack. In 2003 two top members of the outlawed Basque separatist group ETA were sentenced to 790 years in prison.
    (AP, 3/22/06)(AP, 7/26/03)

1987        Dec 26, A bomb exploded at a USO bar in Barcelona, Spain, killing one U.S. sailor and injuring nine others; a little-known group called the Red Army of Catalonian Liberation claimed responsibility.
    (AP, 12/26/97)

1988        The intelligence agency, CESID, kidnapped 3 street people to test an experimental tranquilizer they hoped to use on a fugitive Basque separatist leader.
    (SFC, 9/18/96, p.A10)

1989        Jan 23, Surrealist artist Salvador Dali died in his native Spain at age 84. His autobiography was titled "Secret Life of Salvadore Dali." His work included 2 surrealist films made with Luis Bunuel: "Un Chien Andalou" and "L'Age d'Or." In 1984 Rafael Santos Torroella (d.2002 at 88), art historian, authored "La Miel Es Mas Dulce Que La Sangre" (Honey Is Sweeter Than Blood), considered one of the most important studies of Dali’s art. In 1998 Albert Field (d.2003), Dali expert, published his "Official Catalogue of the Graphic Works of Salvador Dali." In 1999 Ian Gibson published "The Shameful Life of Salvador Dali."
    (AP, 1/23/99)(WSJ, 1/25/99, p.A16)(SFEC, 7/16/00, p.T4)(SFC, 10/4/02, p.A26)(SFC, 8/15/03, p.A25)

1989         Jan, In Spain ETA called a unilateral truce to help ultimately unsuccessful peace talks in Algeria.
    (AP, 3/22/06)

1989        Jun 19, The Spanish peseta entered the European Monetary System (EMS) exchange-rate mechanism; the composition of the ECU is adjusted following the inclusion of the Spanish peseta and the Portuguese escudo.
    (http://europa.eu.int/abc/history/1989/index_en.htm)

1989        Oct 19, Camilo Jose Cela (d.2002 at 85)) of Spain received the Nobel Prize for literature.
    (AP, 10/19/99)(WSJ, 1/18/02, p.A1)

1989        The 300-sq. km. Donana wetland, the richest in Europe, was declared a national park. The belt around Donana was managed by the regional government of Andalusia. The Madrid government managed the park.
    (WSJ, 4/28/98, p.A13)

1989        Thomas Nord Riley (d.2001 at 87) authored "Nord Riley’s Spain," a collection of columns originally published in Lookout, an English-language magazine published in Spain.
    (SFC, 12/25/01, p.A28)

1989        The Spanish government paid $350 million for half of the (German-Hungarian) Thyssen-Bornemusza art collection and provided a substantial gallery to house the collection. In 2007 David R.L. Litchfield authored “The Thyssen Art Macabre.”
    (Econ, 3/3/07, p.88)

1990        Jul 1, The first phase of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) comes into force. Four Member States (Spain, Portugal, Greece and Ireland) are granted an exceptional regime given their insufficient progress towards financial integration.
    (http://europa.eu.int/abc/history/1990/index_en.htm)

1991        Feb 5, Pedro Arrupe (83), Basque priest and head of the Jesuit order, died.
    (www.bc.edu/offices/ministry/justice/arrupe/pedro/)

1991        Jul 28, Miguel Indurain of Spain won the Tour de France bicycle race.
    (SC, 7/28/02)

1991        Oct 30, The Middle East peace conference in Madrid, Spain, opened with addresses to the delegates by President George Bush and Soviet President Mikhail S. Gorbachev. The Madrid Two conference was organized by the US.
    (SFC, 6/24/96, p.A10)(WSJ, 9/19/01, p.A14)(AP, 10/30/01)

1991        Oct 31, On the second day of the Middle East peace conference in Madrid, Spain, Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Shamir and Arab delegates clashed bitterly over land issues.
    (AP, 10/31/01)

1991        Nov 1, The 3-day session of the Middle East peace conference recessed in Madrid, Spain. The conference led to Israeli deals with Jordan and the Palestinians and established the principle of land for peace.
    (AP, 11/1/01)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid_Conference_of_1991)(Econ, 5/24/08, p.68)

1991        Spain’s economics began a current account reversal.
    (Econ, 8/19/06, p.64)

1992        Jul 25, Opening ceremonies were held in Barcelona, Spain, for the 25th Summer Olympics.
    (AP, 7/25/97)

1992        Jul 26, Miguel Indurain of Spain won cycling's Tour de France for the second year in a row.
    (AP, 7/26/97)

1992        Jul 27, At the Barcelona Olympics, the U.S. women's 400-meter freestyle relay team won the gold medal.
    (AP, 7/28/97)

1992        Aug 7, Jennifer Capriati won the gold medal in tennis at the Barcelona Olympics, beating Steffi Graf.
    (AP, 8/7/02)

1992        Nov 25, Spain ratifies the Treaty on the European Union.
    (http://europa.eu.int/abc/history/1992/index_en.htm)

1992        Dec 3, The Greek tanker Aegean Sea spilled 21.5 million gallons of crude oil when it ran aground at La Coruna, Spain.
    (AP, 12/3/97)

1992        In Spain the suspension bridge El Puente de las Oblatas was built over the Arga River.
    (SSFC, 6/16/02, p.C7)
1992        Spain signed accords with Islamic, Jewish and Protestant representatives.
    (Econ, 7/30/05, p.46)
1992        Leaders of the Basque Separatist Group (ETA) were captured. The acronym stands for Basque Homeland and Liberty.
    (WSJ, 1/3/96, p.A-6)
1992        Spain opened its first high-speed rail line, the Alta Velocidad Espanola (AVE), between Madrid and Seville.
    (WSJ, 4/20/09, p.A12)
1992        Eduardo Barreiros (b.1919), Spanish businessman, died in Havana. He was Spain’s most important businessman during the middle years of the Franco dictatorship. In 2009 Hugh Thomas authored “Eduardo Barreiros and the Recovery of Spain.”
    (Econ, 5/23/09, p.90)(www.history.ac.uk/ihr/Resources/Books/yale.html)

1993        A national hydrological plan was proposed by Spain’s Socialist government.
    (Econ, 1/10/04, p.45)

1993-1996    Felipe Gonzalez led Spain's socialist government.
    (Econ, 11/22/03, p.49)

1994        Jan 31, Barcelona opera theater "Gran Teatro del Liceo" burned down.
    (MC, 1/31/02)

1994        Mar 9, Fernando Rey (b.1917), Spanish actor (French Connection), died of cancer.
    (www.imdb.com/name/nm0721073/)

1994        Apr 1, Leon Degrelle (b.1906), Belgium-born founder of the fascist Rexist party, died in Malaga, Spain. He was a Walloon Belgian politician, who founded Rexism and later joined the Nazi German Waffen SS (becoming a leader of its Walloon contingent). After World War II, he was a prominent figure in the neo-Nazi and Holocaust denial movements.
    (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Degrelle)

1995        Mar 18, Spain's Princess Elena married a banker, Jaime de Marichalar y Saenz de Tejada, in Seville; it was Spain's first royal wedding in 89 years.
    (AP, 3/18/00)

1995         Apr 19, In Spain a failed ETA car-bomb attempted to kill conservative opposition leader and future Prime Minister Jose Maria Aznar.
    (AP, 3/22/06)

1995        Nov, The Barcelona Process, launched by Euro-Mediterranean Foreign Ministers, formed an innovative alliance based on the principles of joint ownership, dialogue and co-operation. It brings together the 27 Members of the European Union and 12 Southern Mediterranean states. Economic incentives and the strengthening of civil society were used to encourage reform.
    (http://ec.europa.eu/external_relations/euromed/index_en.htm)(Econ, 11/26/05, p.68)

1995        Dec11, A car bomb killed six and injured 15 in southern Madrid. Authorities suspected Basque separatists.
    (WSJ, 12/12/95, p.A-1)

1995        Dec, Foreign Minister Javier Solana was elected as secretary of NATO.
    (WSJ, 12/4/95, p.A-9)   

1995        Bilbao on the Nervin River opened a subway system designed by British architect Norman Foster.
    (SFEM, 2/1/98, p.11)

1995        Spain and Morocco agreed to build a channel tunnel under the Strait of Gibraltar. The plan was for 3 tunnels at a cost of $4 bil.
    (WSJ, 6/18/96, p.A10)

1996        Jan 17, In Spain ETA abducted a prison officer and held him for 532 days.
    (AP, 3/22/06)

1996        Mar 4, In Spain the conservative Popular Party under Jose Maria Aznar won general elections over PM Felipe Gonzalez and ended 13 years of Socialist rule. The national government created an Environment Ministry. Previously the environment was the responsibility of the Public Works Ministry.
    (WSJ, 3/4/96, p. A-1)(SFEC, 4/20/97, p.A17)

1996        Jun 9, The latest unemployment rate was 22.5%.
    (SFC, 6/9/96, Parade, p.9)

1996        Jun 10, The new center-right government introduced sweeping economic measures. Taxes were eased on small and mid-size companies, savings and job creation were encouraged, the powerful professional guilds were weakened and various markets liberalized, and double taxation for large foreign companies was eliminated.
    (WSJ, 6/11/96, p.A9A)

1996        Jun 12, Judge Jose Jimenez Alfaro lost most of his right hand when a letter bomb exploded at his courthouse in Madrid. He had sent policemen to jail for Spain’s "dirty war" war on Basque rebels in the 1980s.
    (SFC, 6/13/96, p.C3)

1996        Jul 20, The Basque separatist group ETA set off 3 bombs at tourist sites. One at the airport of Reus, and 2 at the beach resorts of Cambrils and Salou.
    (SFC, 7/21/96, p.A18)

1996        Aug 7, Flash floods in the Pyranees killed at least 71 people at a campground.
    (WSJ, 8/9/96, p.A1)

1996        Oct 6, At the Tokyo Int’l. film festival a special jury prize went to the Spanish film "Libertarias" by Vicente Aranda.
    (SFEC, 10/7/96, D3)

1996        Spain's Magic Box Int'l. introduced Crazy Bones to Europe, popcorn-size plastic figures for kids to use in their own games. They reached the US market in 1997 and by 1999 were a major craze.
    (WSJ, 2/4/99, p.B1)

1997        Feb 10, A Supreme Court Justice, Rafael Martinez Emperador, was shot dead in Madrid. In Grenada a car bomb exploded and killed one person and wounded 7. Guerrillas of the ETA, Basque Homeland and Liberty, were blamed.
    (USAT, 2/11/97, p.5A)

1997        Feb 17, A Basque court guard, Modesto Rico Pasarin (33), was killed by a car bomb attributed to the ETA. He was the 4th victim in a week.
    (SFC, 2/18/96, p.A8)

1997        Mar 2, Matadors across the country went on strike as the bullfighting season opened. They favored a policy of shaving bull’s horns that was opposed by the government.
    (SFEC, 3/3/97, p.A12)

1997        Mar 4, Matadors agreed to go back to work but the bull horn issue remained unsettled.
    (SFC, 3/5/97, p.A9)

1997        Mar 31, A passenger train north of Pamplona derailed and killed at least 22 and injured some 87 people.
    (WSJ, 4/1/97, p.A1)

1997        Apr 19, A Barcelona court found Jose Puignero, factory owner, guilty of illegally dumping chemical dyes into a river in the town of Sant Bartomeu del Grau. This was the first punishment for crimes against the environment ever handed out.
    (SFEC, 4/20/97, p.A17)

1997        Apr 21, The ashes of Timothy Leary, Gene Roddenberry and 22 others were fired into space aboard a rocket that carried the first Spanish satellite, MINI-SAT-01, into orbit.
    (SFC, 4/22/97, p.A3)

1997        May 3, Narciso Yepes, Spanish classical guitarist, died at age 69. His interpretation of Rodrigo’s "Concert of Aranjuez" was one of his greatest achievements. He designed a 10-string guitar suited to Baroque music.
    (SFC, 5/5/97, p.A20)

1997        May 29, Spanish scientists announced a new human species in 780,000 year old fossil.
    (www.anomalous-images.com/news/news049.html)

1997        May 31, Thousands of olive oil workers protested in Madrid against the EU plan to force a cut in olive oil production and to lower subsidies.
    (SFEC, 6/1/97, p.D1)

1997        Jun 5, The parliament approved a labor reform pact to reduce the 22% unemployment.
    (SFC, 6/6/97, p.E2)

1997        Jun 20, Former prime minister Felipe Gonzalez quit as the leader of the Spanish Socialist Party. He was succeeded by Joaquin Almunia.
    (WSJ, 6/23/97, p.A1)

1997        Jul 10, Miguel Angel Blanco was kidnapped by the ETA.
    (SFEC, 7/13/97, p.A11)

1997        Jul 12, ETA kidnapped small town politician Miguel Angel Blanco and demanded that the group's prisoners be brought to Basque jails. Blanco was found mortally dead shortly after a deadline. His slaying triggered widespread demonstrations in Spain.
    (AP, 7/12/98)(AP, 3/22/06)

1997        Jul 13, In San Sebastian Miguel Angel Blanco (29), a Basque town councilor and low-ranking member of the Popular Party of Prime Minister Jose Maria Aznar, died of head wounds from the ETA, Basque Homeland and Freedom, a Basque separatist group. Almost 800 people have died since the ETA began fighting in 1968.
    (SFEC, 7/13/97, p.A11)

1997        Jul 14, More than 2 million people took to the streets across Spain to mourn the death of Miguel Angel Blanco and to condemn the Basque separatist guerrillas who killed him.
    (SFC, 7/15/97, p.A10)

1997        Jul 27, In San Sebastian, some 30,000 marched in support of the ETA separatist movement.
    (SFC, 7/28/97, p.A11)

1997        Oct 4, Princess Christina Federica de Borbon y Grecia (32) married Inaki Urdangarin (29), a Basque professional handball team player.
    (SFEC, 10/5/97, p.A17)

1997        Oct 14, A separatist guerrilla group killed a policeman while trying to bomb the new Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao. Jose Maria Aguirre was killed when he helped foil the ETA attack. One of three gunmen, Kepa Arronnategui, was captured.
    (SFC,10/16/97, p.A14)(SFC,10/18/97, p.A10)

1997        Oct 19, In Bilbao the new Guggenheim Museum Bilbao opened. The 256,000 sq. ft. titanium, limestone and glass structure was designed by American (Canadian-born) architect Frank Gehry and funded entirely by the Basque regional government under the direction of Thomas Krens, director of the Guggenheim.
    (WSJ, 7/2/96, p.A12)(USAT, 10/8/97, p.1D)(WSJ, 10/16/97, p.A20)

1997        Oct 19, Pilar Miro, film director, died in Madrid at age 57. Her films included "Beltenebros," "Gary Cooper Is in Heaven," "Bird of Happiness," "The Dog in the Manger," and the 1979 expose "The Cuenca Crime."
    (SFC,10/20/97, p.A19)

1997        Oct, The 23-member leadership council of Herri Batasuna was arrested for distributing a video that presented the ETA's terms for peace.
    (SFC, 5/24/99, p.A4)

1997        Nov 6, Flooding of the Guadiana River killed 18 people in Badajoz. A total of 31 died along the Spanish-Portuguese border from the storm induced flood.
    (SFC,11/7/97, p.D3)

1997        Dec 1, Spain’s Supreme Court convicted 23 leaders of the Herri Batsuna (Unified Country) Basque separatist coalition. Each was sentenced to 7 years in prison and fined $3,500. In 1999 the Constitutional Court annulled the sentences and 22 leaders were released.
    (SFC, 12/2/97, p.A10)(SFC, 7/21/99, p.A12)

1997        Dec 2, The National Court found journalists Fernando Alonso and Andoni Murga guilty of weapons possession and membership in the ETA and sentenced them to 39 years each in prison.
    (SFC, 12/3/97, p.C5)

1997        Dec 5, In San Sebastian a politician’s bodyguard was shot to death hours before authorities arrested 19 of 23 leaders of the pro-Basque independence party, Herri Batasuna. Protestors also commandeered a bus and burned it.
    (SFC,12/6/97, p.A8)

1997        Dec 11, Jose Luis Caso, a former town councilor in Renteria, was killed by two suspected Basque separatists in Irun.
    (SFC,12/12/97, p.B6)

1997        Dec 13, Tens of thousands marched in San Sebastian to protest the murder of Jose Luis Caso.
    (SFEC,12/14/97, p.A24)

1997        Dec 27, In Bilbao thousands marched on behalf of the 23 Basque separatists of the Herri Batasuna separatist group, who were recently sentenced to 7 years each in prison.
    (SFEC,12/28/97, p.A18)

1997        Dec 30, A Spanish judge accused 36 Argentine military and police officers of involvement in torture and the disappearance of 600 Spaniards during the dirty war from 1976-1983. Most of those named served in the ESMA, a torture center used by the military regime.
    (SFC,12/31/97, p.A9)

1997        Mohamad Kamal Mustafa, imam of Fuengirola, Spain, authored “Women in Islam,” in which he defended a husband’s right to beat his wife.
    (WPR, 3/04, p.11)

1997        Jerome Mintz (d.1997 at 67), US anthropologist, published "Carnival, Song and Society: Gossip, Sexuality and Creativity in Andalusia." He had earlier produced 6 films about tradition and change in Andalusia.
    (SFC,12/20/97, p.A21)

1997        The film "The Disappearance of Garcia Lorca" was directed by Puerto Rican Marcos Zurinaga. It was based two books by Ian Gibson that describe the story of a journalist who returned to Spain in 1954 to seek the murderer of the poet Federico Garcia Lorca.
    (SFC, 9/8/97, p.D5)

1997        The documentary film "Flamenco" was filmed by Vittorio Storaro in an abandoned train station in Seville.
    (SFC, 9/8/97, p.D5)(AP, 9/18/97)

1997        The Spanish film "Mouth to Mouth" was directed by Peter Cattaneo. It was about an actor struggling to survive in Madrid while working at a phone-sex service.
    (WSJ, 9/16/97, p.A20)

1997        The German film "Ballermann 6" was about a bar by the same name on the Spanish Island of Majorca.
    (WSJ, 12/4/97, p.A1)

1997        Luis Antonio Garcia Navarro (d.2001) was named music and artistic director at the long-closed Teatro Real in Madrid.
    (SFC, 10/18/01, p.A21)

1997        Pernod Ricard SA acquired the Spanish gin Larios.
    (WSJ, 9/7/05, p.B2)

1998        Jan 30, Alberto Jimenz Becerril, a Popular Party Councilman, and his wife, Asuncion Garcia Ortiz, were assassinated in Seville.
    (SFEC, 2/1/98, p.A12)

1998        Apr 25, A wall of acidic toxic liquid, 5 million cubic meters, broke free from a Aznalcollar mine waste lagoon near Seville and threatened the 300-sq. ml. Donana National Park. The tainted water was diverted to the Guadalquivir River and then to the Gulf of Cadiz. 13,300 acres of cropland were expected to be left barren for 25 years due to the spill.
    (WSJ, 4/27/98, p.A1)(WSJ, 4/28/98, p.A13)(SFC, 4/29/98, p.A10)

1998        Jun 23, A Boeing 727 with 131 people was hijacked and diverted to Valencia.
    (SFC, 6/23/98, p.A11)

1998        Jul 11, It was reported that tens of thousands of rotting fish were left when a section of the Llobregat River was drained too fast to fill a  repaired canal.
    (SFC, 7/11/98, p.A8)

1998        Aug 31, Jose Antonio Ardanza, 14-year president of the Basque country, dissolved the regional parliament and set elections for Oct 25. He urged ETA extremists to lay down their arms.
    (SFC, 9/1/98, p.A9)

1998        Sep 16, The Basque separatist ETA announced an indefinite cease fire to begin Sep 18. It ended 14 months later after one round of talks with the Aznar government. PM Jose Maria Aznar responded with a hard-line crackdown that ended cooperation between Basque moderates and Spanish political parties.
    (SFC, 9/17/98, p.C4)(SFC, 5/24/99, p.A1)(AP, 3/22/06)

1998        Oct 8, In northeastern Spain and excursion boat capsized and sank on Lake Banyoles and 20 French tourists were drowned.
    (WSJ, 10/8/98, p.A1)

1998        Oct 17, In Britain former Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet was arrested in a London medical clinic following a request from Spain for his extradition. Chilean officials lodged a formal complaint to Britain.
    (SFEC, 10/18/98, p.A1)

1998        Oct 19, A Spanish judge filed a motion for the extradition of Gen’l. Pinochet from England that encompassed 94 cases of genocide, as well as the deaths of 79 Spaniards who were killed in Chile after being abducted by an alliance of south American intelligence services.
    (SFC, 10/20/98, p.A8)

1998        Oct 30, Spanish judges ruled that Spain had the legal right to bring criminal charges against Augusto Pinochet and to seek his extradition from Britain.
    (SFC, 10/31/98, p.A12)

1998        Nov 3, Prime Minister Jose Aznar authorized preliminary talks with the Basque ETA.
    (SFC, 11/4/98, p.A12)

1998        Dec 19, Antonio Ordonez, bullfighter, died at age 66. His career was chronicled in a Hemingway novel.
    (WSJ, 12/21/98, p.A1)

1998        Dec 30, Joan Brossa, poet, died in Barcelona at age 79. He published poems in Catalan and founded a surrealist magazine in 1948 with Antoni Tapies.
    (SFC, 1/2/99, p.C2)

1998        Spain deregulated its energy market.
    (AFP, 10/23/06)

1998        Ramon Sampredro, a Spanish paraplegic who campaigned for euthanasia and spent 30 years in bed, died by sipping water laced with cyanide. He did this after crafting a complex scheme to have friends prepare and deliver the poison in incremental steps so no single one of them could be charged criminally. The story was made into the movie "El Mar Adentro" (The Sea Inside), which won an Oscar for best foreign film in 2005.
    (AP, 11/29/06)

1999        Jan 1, Spain along with 10 other European Union nations made the transition to the new Euro monetary system.
    (SFC, 1/1/99, p.A8)

1999        Mar 10, Nine Basque separatists were arrested.
    (WSJ, 3/11/99, p.A1)

1999        Mar 20, Some 60,000 people marched in Bilbao to protest recent arrests of members and supporters of the ETA.
    (SFEC, 3/21/99, p.A23)

1999        Jun 14, Dolores Jimenez, a leading flamenco singer known as La Nina de la Puebla, died at age 90 in Malaga.
    (SFC, 6/16/99, p.B4)

1999        Jul 6, Joaquin Rodrigo, classical composer, died at age 97 in Madrid. His best known work was "Concierto de Aranjuez."
    (SFC, 7/8/99, p.A19)

1999        Jul 22, Claudio Rodriguez, poet, died at age 65.
    (SFC, 7/23/99, p.D6)

1999        Oct 7, In Barcelona the Gran Teatre del Liceu opera house opened after a 3-year, $120 million renovation due to a 1994 fire.
    (SFC, 10/8/99, p.C10)

1999        Nov 28, The Basque ETA announced that it would end a 14-month cease-fire due to inaction over their call for independence.
    (SFC, 11/29/99, p.A12)

1999        Dec 22, Police found a 2nd van loaded with 1,650 pounds of explosives in Alhama de Aragon. Two days earlier a van, bound for Madrid, was stopped with 1,980 pounds of explosives.
    (SFC, 12/24/99, p.A20)

1999        Mark Kurlansky authored "The Basque History of the World."
    (SFEC, 10/17/99, Par p.20)

1999        The Spanish film "Barrio" was written and directed by Fernando Leon de Aranoa.
    (SFEC, 4/11/99, DB p.37)

1999        The Spanish film "Open Your Eyes" was directed by Alejandro Amenabar.
    (WSJ, 4/16/99, p.W1)

1999        In Bilbao the Euskalduna Palace of Congresses and Music was completed with the design by Federico Soriano and Dolores Palacios.
    (WSJ, 11/23/99, p.A21)

1999        Parliament approved an amnesty for illegal immigrants and authorized visas for those able to prove that they had arrived before July 1, 1999.
    (SFC, 8/11/00, p.D4)

1999        Spain’s Ferrovial, led by Rafael del Pino, went public.
    (Econ, 7/7/07, p.67)

2000        Jan 21, In Madrid Basque separatists ended a 19-month lull in their guerrilla war with a remote bomb that killed Lt. Col. Pedro Antonio Blanco Garcia (48).
    (SFC, 1/22/00, p.A10)

2000        Jan 23, Some 1.1 million people marched in Madrid to protest the recent car-bomb attack by Basque separatists.
    (SFC, 1/24/00, p.A6)

2000        Feb 22, A car bomb killed Fernando Buesa, a Socialist Party leader in Vitoria, and his bodyguard Jorge Diez Elorza (27).
    (SFC, 2/23/00, p.A14)

2000        Mar 12, The conservative Popular Party under Prime Minister Jose Maria Aznar won the general election with 44.7% of the vote. The party won 183 of the 350 seats in Congress of Deputies.
    (SFC, 3/13/00, p.A10)

2000        Mar, EU leaders met in Lisbon, Spain, and agreed to turn Europe into the world’s most competitive economy by 2010. this became known as the Lisbon Agenda.
    (Econ, 3/19/05, p.15)(Econ, 3/25/06, p.58)

2000        May 7, Jose Luis Lopez de La Calle, a columnist for El Mundo, was shot and killed in Andoain. The ETA was blamed.
    (SFC, 5/8/00, p.A13)

2000        Jul 6, A bus enroute to a summer camp for teens collided with a truck hauling pigs near Soria and at least 25 people were killed.
    (SFC, 7/7/00, p.D6)

2000        Jul 10, DASA (minus MTU) merged with Aerospatiale-Matra of France and Construcciones Aeronáuticas SA (CASA) of Spain to form the European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company (EADS). DASA was founded as Deutsche Aerospace AG on May 19, 1989 by the merger of Daimler-Benz's aerospace interests (MTU, Dornier and two divisions of AEG). In July 1989 the two AEG divisions were themselves merged within Deutsche Aerospace to form Telefunken Systemtechnik (TST). In December 1989 Daimler-Benz acquired Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm (MBB) and merged it into DASA.
    (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DASA)

2000        Jul 12, A car bomb exploded at the entrance of the Corte Ingles department store in Madrid. 10 people were injured.
    (SFC, 7/13/00, p.C4)

2000        Jul 18, Jose Angel Valente, poet, died at age 71. He wrote in Spanish and Galician and published his 1st poems in 1947.
    (SFC, 7/19/00, p.B2)

2000        Jul 25, A 100-foot-high gusher burst forth in the city of Granatula in central Spain as olive growers were deepening a well.
    (SFC, 9/9/00, p.A22)

2000        Jul 29, A Socialist politician was killed and Basque separatists were blamed.
    (WSJ, 7/31/00, p.A1)

2000        Aug 7, A bomb exploded in Bilbao and killed 3 suspected Basque separatists, who appeared to be transporting explosives.
    (SFC, 8/8/00, p.A12)

2000        Aug 8, A car bomb exploded in Madrid, where 11 people were injured and in Zumaia where 1 man was killed. The ETA was blamed.
    (SFC, 8/9/00, p.A14)

2000        Aug 9, Francisco Casanova Vicente, army officer, was shot twice in the back as he arrived home in Pamplona. The murder was blamed on the ETA.
    (SFC, 8/10/00, p.A11)

2000        Aug 20, A bomb killed 2 Spanish Civil Guard officers in Sallent de Gallego. The ETA was blamed.
    (SFC, 8/21/00, p.A8)

2000        Aug 29, Manuel Indiano (29), a councilman in Zumarraga, was shot and killed outside his candy store. The ETA was blamed.
    (SFC, 8/30/00, p.B10)

2000        Sep 13, Masked police raided the EKIN offices, the fund-raising wing of the ETA. 20 people were arrested.
    (SFC, 9/14/00, p.C5)

2000        Sep 14, Ramon Rekalde, a former Socialist Party official, was wounded with a shot in the head in San Sebastian. The ETA was blamed.
    (SFC, 9/15/00, p.D2)

2000        Sep 15, Truckers across Europe blocked highways to protest high fuel costs. Protests hit Spain, Germany, Ireland, Poland and the Czech Republic.
    (SFC, 9/16/00, p.A10)

2000        Sep 21, Jose Luis Ruiz Casado (42), a town councilor, was shot and killed in Sant Adria de Besos outside of Barcelona. The ETA was blamed.
    (SFC, 9/22/00, p.D2)

2000        Oct 9, Luis Portero, a head state attorney for the Andalusian Superior Court, was shot to death in Granada. The ETA was suspected.
    (SFC, 10/10/00, p.A13)

2000        Oct 16, Col. Antonio Munoz Carinanos (58), a military doctor, was killed in Seville by 3 suspected Basque gunmen. 2 suspects were arrested.
    (WSJ, 10/17/00, p.A1)(SFC, 10/18/00, p.A26)

2000        Oct 22, Maximo Casada Carrera (44), a prison officer, was killed by a car bomb in Vitoria. The ETA was blamed.
    (SFC, 10/23/00, p.A11)

2000        Oct 30, In Madrid a car bomb killed Supreme Court magistrate Jose Francisco Querol (69), his driver and an escort. 35 were wounded and the ETA was blamed.
    (SFC, 10/31/00, p.A12)(WSJ, 10/31/00, p.A1)

2000        Nov 21, Ernest Lluch (63), a former government minister, was killed by suspected ETA gunmen in a Barcelona suburb.
    (SFC, 11/22/00, p.C6)

2000        Nov 22, The government reported its 1st case of mad cow disease.
    (SFC, 11/23/00, p.D6)

2001        Jan 1, A weekend storm killed 7 people, including 5 in the Pyranees.
    (SFC, 1/2/01, p.A10)

2001        Jan 3, A commuter train hit a van near Lorca and 12 Ecuadoran farm workers were killed.
    (WSJ, 1/04/01, p.A1)

2001        Feb 4, A crowd of 10-40 thousand marched in Barcelona to protest a tough new against illegal immigrants.
    (SFC, 2/5/01, p.A8)

2001        Feb 22, Two people were killed when suspected Basque separatists bombed a train station in San Sebastian. Separately French police arrested the alleged ETA military chief.
    (WSJ, 2/23/01, p.A1)

2001        Mar 11, Over 100,000 people protested in Madrid against a $23 billion plan to divert water from the Ebro river to areas in the south.
    (SFC, 3/12/01, p.A14)

2001        Mar 17, Santos Santamaria Avedano (32), a police officer, was killed when a car bomb went off as he evacuated guests from a hotel in Roses.
    (SFC, 3/19/01, p.A9)

2001        Mar 20, Froilan Elespe, Socialist deputy mayor of Lasarte, was shot and killed. The ETA was blamed.
    (SFC, 3/21/01, p.A14)

2001        May 6, Manuel Jimenez Abad (52), a politician of the ruling Popular Party, was shot to death in Zaragoza.
    (SFC, 5/7/01, p.C3)

2001        May 13, Basque elections were held in Spain. Nationalists won the regional elections.
    (WSJ, 5/11/01, p.A1)(SFC, 5/14/01, p.A9)

2001        May 24, In San Sebastian Santiago Oleaga Elejabarrieta (54), financial director of the El Diario Vasco daily newspaper, was shot and killed. The ETA was blamed.
    (SFC, 5/25/01, p.D6)

2001        Jun 10, In Spain thousands marched in Madrid to protest an upcoming visit by Pres. Bush.
    (SFC, 6/11/01, p.A10)

2001        Jun 12, Pres. Bush on his 1st major overseas trip met with Prime Minister Jose Maria Aznar in Madrid and pushed for his missile defense shield.
    (SFC, 6/11/01, p.A10)(SFC, 6/13/01, p.A1)

2001        Jun 28, A parcel bomb in Madrid injured Gen. Justo Oreja Pedraza (63), a defense minister, along with 15 others. The ETA was blamed.
    (SFC, 6/29/01, p.D4)

2001        Jul 10, In Madrid a policeman was killed by a bomb. Basque rebels were blamed.
    (WSJ, 7/12/01, p.A1)

2001        Jul 14, In Spain gunmen shot and killed a police officer, Mikel Uribe (44), in Leaburu and a bomb killed a local politician, Jose Javier Mugica (50), in Leiza. The ETA was blamed.
    (SSFC, 7/15/01, p.A18)

2001        Aug 18, A Basque rebel car bomb exploded outside 2 resort hotels in Salou.
    (WSJ, 8/20/01, p.A1)

2001        Aug 27, A Basque bomb went off in the parking structure of Madrid’s main airport. There were no injuries due to a phoned in tip.
    (WSJ, 8/28/01, p.A1)

2001        Aug 29, A Binter Mediterraneo CN-235 airplane crash-landed near Malaga’s airport and at least 3 of 47 people aboard were killed.
    (WSJ, 8/30/01, p.A1)

2001        Sep 26, Spain detained 6 Algerians with alleged links to Osama bin Laden and a group planning attacks on US targets in Europe.
    (SFC, 9/27/01, p.A3)

2001        Oct 1, In Spain suspected Basque militants exploded a car bomb in Vitoria that caused much damage to the city center.
    (WSJ, 10/2/01, p.A1)

2001        Oct 4, The EU made a joint announcement with Spain that the Basque ETA would be put on the list of terrorist organizations whose assets would be frozen by the EU.
    (WSJ, 10/5/01, p.A1)

2001        Oct 12, A bombing caused wide damage in Madrid. Basque separatists were suspected.
    (WSJ, 10/15/01, p.A1)

2001        Nov 6, In Madrid a rush hour car bomb blast injured 95 people. The ETA was suspected and a man and woman were arrested.
    (SFC, 11/7/01, p.A13)

2001        Nov 7, Judge Jose Maria Lidon Corbi was shot to death as he drove out of his garage in Gexto, a suburb of Bilbao. The ETA was held responsible.
    (SFC, 11/8/01, p.A19)

2001        Nov 13, Spanish police arrested 11 people with suspected links to Osama bin Laden.
    (SFC, 11/14/01, p.A6)

2001        Nov 18, In Spain 8 men detained last week were reported to be members of the al Qaeda network and to have played a role in the Sep 11 attacks.
    (SFC, 11/19/01, p.A5)

2001        Nov 23, Spain set terms for extradition of 8 men charged with complicity in the Sep 11 attacks that included trial by a civilian court. 2 policemen were killed in Beasain.
    (SFC, 11/24/01, p.A1)(WSJ, 11/26/01, p.A1)

2001        Carlos Ruiz Zafon authored “The Shadow of the Wind.” It became a best seller in Spain and in 2004 was translated into English by Lucia Graves.
    (Econ, 4/3/04, p.87)

2002        Jan 17, Camilo Jose Cela (85), novelist and 1989 Noble Prize winner, died in Madrid.
    (WSJ, 1/18/02, p.A1)

2002        Jan 19, Spain arrested 2 suspected members of al Qaeda.
    (SSFC, 1/20/02, p.A4)

2002        Feb, Bruge 2002 opened. It had been named as one of two Cultural Capitals of Europe for this year. The other was Salamanca, Spain.
    (SSFC, 2/24/02, p.C5)

2002        Mar 18, Police discovered at least 19 corpses at the home and car of an ex-funeral parlor employee in Malaga.
    (SFC, 3/20/02, p.A10)

2002        Mar 21, A local Spanish official was shot to death by gunmen in the Basque region. Police suspected the ETA.
    (WSJ, 3/22/02, p.A1)

2002        Apr 23, Spanish police arrested Mohamed Zouaydi on charges of financing terrorist activities around the world.
    (SFC, 4/25/02, p.A9)

2002        May 1, In Madrid a bomb exploded near a sports stadium and 17 people were injured.
    (SFC, 5/2/02, p.A11)

2002        May 14, Police arrested 2 suspected ETA members who planned to bomb an upcoming meeting of Latin American and European leaders.
    (SFC, 5/16/02, p.A8)

2002        Jun 5, Carlos Berlanga (42), pop singer and composer, died. He was associated with the La Movida (The Happening) arts movement that surfaced after Franco’s death in 1975.
    (SFC, 6/11/02, p.A22)

2002        Jun 15, In Spain tens of thousands of people marched through Bilbao protesting the government’s intention to outlaw a political party that refuses to condemn terrorism in the name of independence.
    (AP, 6/15/02)

2002        Jun 21, Two car bombs exploded at Spanish coastal resort as a European Union summit got under way about 90 miles away at a heavily guarded convention center in Seville.
    (AP, 6/21/02)

2002        Jun 22, In Spain it was reported that police had found 10 of 17 artworks stolen last year from the collection of a Spanish billionaire, including paintings by Goya, Pissarro and Breughel.
    (AP, 6/22/02)
2002        Jun 22, Two new bombs rocked Spain's tourist coasts, making five in two days that the government blamed on Basque separatist group ETA trying to disrupt a European Union summit in Seville.
    (Reuters, 6/22/02)
2002        Jun 22, Tens of thousands of people banged drums, blew whistles and danced their way through Seville's streets in a rally against globalization. The EU Summit ended with new measures to deter illegal immigration.
    (AP, 6/22/02)(SSFC, 6/23/02, p.A22)

2002        Jul 5, In Spain a judge froze all bank accounts of Batasuna, the radical Basque political party.
    (SSFC, 7/7/02, p.A18)

2002        Jul 7, The 14th Int’l. AIDS Conference opened in Barcelona. Estimates said AIDS had claimed 20 million lives to date and threatened 40 million currently infected. African cases were estimated at 28.5 million.
    (SFC, 7/5/02, p.A1)(SSFC, 7/7/02, p.A6)

2002        Jul 11, Moroccan soldiers planted a national flag on Perejil Island (parsley in Spanish), 200 yards off the coast near Ceuta. Spain had claimed control since the 17th century. Moroccans called the 0.58-square mile rocky outcrop Leila (night in Arabic). Spanish troops swiftly dislodged the Moroccans without a shot being fired. Under a diplomatic resolution, both sides agreed to leave it as a no man's land.
    (SSFC, 7/14/02, p.A20)(SFC, 7/20/02, p.A10)(AP, 11/3/07)

2002        Jul 17, Spanish troops reclaimed the island of Perejil off the coast of Morocco, a week after it was occupied by Moroccan troops.
    (WSJ, 7/18/02, p.A1)(SFC, 7/18/02, p.A17)

2002        Jul 22, Morocco and Spain, prodded by the US, agreed to leave Perjil Island empty and free of symbols of sovereignty and planned for future talks on the issue.
    (SFC, 7/23/02, p.A8)

2002        Jul 25, The Spanish government welcomed a British proposal to turn its military base in Gibraltar into a NATO facility, a move that would open it to all alliance members including Spain. Spain and Britain came up with the idea of sharing sovereignty over the Rock. This was rejected resoundingly in a nonbinding referendum in Gibraltar.
    (AP, 7/25/02)(AP, 9/19/06)

2002        Aug 4, In southeastern Spain 2 people, including a 6-year-old girl, were killed and several others were injured when a car bomb exploded in front of a military police barracks. Twenty-five others were injured.
    (AP, 8/5/02)

2002        Aug 19, Eduardo Chillida (78), Basque sculptor, died. He created monumental works and promoted peace in the Basque region. His work included "The Comb of the Winds," an iron tangle in San Sebastian.
    (SFC, 8/21/02, p.A19)

2002        Sep 24, In Spain a booby-trapped sign bearing the logo of the armed Basque separatist group ETA exploded, killing one police officer and wounding three others.
    (AP, 9/24/02)

2002        Oct 6, Pope John Paul II raised to sainthood Josemaria Escriva de Balaguer the Spanish priest who founded the conservative Catholic organization Opus Dei (1928), only 27 years after his death.
    (AP, 10/6/02)

2002        Oct 25, In Spain Jose Antonio Rodriguez Vega (44), a serial killer sentenced to 440 years in jail for raping and strangling 16 elderly widows, was murdered in prison. Two prisoners with makeshift knives attacked Vega in the courtyard of Topas jail in western Salamanca province.
    (AP, 10/25/02)

2002        Nov 13, The Bahamian-registered Prestige, with 85,000 tons of oil, sprang a leak during a storm off the coast of Spain. Some 3,300 tons leaked and began reaching the coast of Spain after a few days.
    (AP, 11/16/02)

2002        Nov 19, The Prestige oil tanker, carrying 20 million gallons of fuel oil, broke in two and sank in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Spain. It leaked up to 1.02 million gallons of oil and threatened a spill nearly twice as big as the Exxon Valdez in 1989. Leakage continued at some 33,000 gallons per day and could drain until 2006. Spain later put the estimated cost of the Prestige oil tanker spill at least $1.05 billion.
    (AP, 11/19/02)(WSJ, 12/11/02, p.A1)(AP, 1/15/03)

2002        Dec 21, In Spain Jose Hierro (80), a poet who won the Spanish-speaking world's highest literary award while writing in a Madrid coffee shop, died.
    (AP, 12/21/02)

2002        Dec 22, In Spain tens of thousands of people marched in silence through the coastal city of Bilbao to demand the dissolution of the armed Basque separatist group ETA.
    (AP, 12/22/02)

2002        Spain planed to abolish the draft by the end of this year and to reduce its military to about 168,000.
    (SFEC, 10/31/99, p.A28)
2002        The Web site Hoopshype.com was started by 3 young men from Spain. By 2008 the site was attracting half a million unique visitors a month.
    (WSJ, 3/21/08, p.W1)

2003        Jan 2, A motorized rubber boat carrying 41 illegal immigrants sank off the southern coast of Spain, and six passengers drowned.
    (AP, 1/2/03)

2003        Jan 3, Jose Maria Gironella (85), Spanish author, died. His work included "The Cypresses Believe in God," a trilogy based on the 1936-1939 Civil War, for which he won the 1953 National Literary prize.
    (SFC, 2/10/03, p.B5)

2003        Jan 16, The European Union's Court of Justice ordered Spain and Italy to drop national rules on what constitutes chocolate, saying they can no longer bar British and Irish confections made with vegetable fats instead of cocoa butter.
    (AP, 1/16/03)

2003        Jan 17, France and Spain opened the new 5.3-mile Somport tunnel through the western Pyrenees mountains.
    (AP, 1/18/03)

2003        Jan 24, In Spain police arrested 16 suspected al-Qaida terrorists.
    (AP, 1/24/03)

2003          Feb 20, In Spain police shut down the daily Egunkaria, a Basque-language newspaper, and arrested its editor-in-chief and 10 other executives on suspicion of aiding the armed separatist group ETA.
    (AP, 2/20/03)

2003          Feb 21, Spain’s PM Jose Maria Aznar arrived in Texas for a meeting with Pres. Bush.
    (WSJ, 2/21/03, p.A8)

2003        Feb 22, Pres. Bush told Spain’s PM Aznar that nations like Mexico, Angola, Chile and Cameroon must know that the security of the United States is at stake. Bush threatened nations with retaliation if they did not vote for a UN resolution backing the Iraq war. A transcript of a meeting on this day, one month before the US-led invasion of Iraq, was published in the El Pais daily in 2007.
    (AFP, 9/26/07)

2003         Mar, Spain’s Supreme Court outlawed the radical Batasuna party linked to ETA.
    (AP, 3/22/06)

2003        Apr 3, In Spain a female doctor described as mentally unbalanced stabbed several people at a Madrid hospital, killing a colleague and a patient and wounding six others.
    (AP, 4/3/03)

2003        May 3, Pope John Paul II began a whirlwind visit to Madrid, Spain.
    (AP, 5/3/03)

2003        May 4, In Spain Pope John Paul II proclaimed five new saints and urged Spaniards to emulate them. They included: Pedro Poveda, a priest killed in 1936; Angela de la Cruz, who founded the Sisters of the Company of the Cross; Genoveva Torres, who founded the Sisters of the Sacred Heart and of the Holy Angels; Maravillas de Jesus, who founded convents for the Order of Barefoot Carmelites, and Jose Maria Rubio, a Jesuit priest.
    (AP, 5/4/03)

2003        May 9, Spain's highest court barred nearly 1,500 Basque nationalists from running in municipal elections, calling them camouflaged members of the outlawed party Batasuna.
    (AP, 5/9/03)

2003        May 25, In Spain PM Jose Maria Aznar's party held its ground in city and regional elections.
    (AP, 5/26/03)

2003        May 26, An airplane carrying Spanish peacekeepers crashed into a mountain in northeastern Turkey while making its third attempt to land in thick fog. All 74 people aboard were killed. The Yak-42 was chartered from a Ukrainian company.
    (AP, 5/26/03)(WSJ, 5/27/03, p.A1)

2003        May 30, In northern Spain ETA committed its final fatal attack. A car bomb, placed by Basque separatists, killed two police officers in Sanguesa in northern Navarra region.
    (AP, 5/30/03)(AP, 3/22/06)

2003        Jun 3, In Spain a head-on train collision near Chinchilla in Albacete province left at least 11 people dead and another 16 missing.
    (AP, 6/4/03)

2003        Jun 8, In Barcelona, Spain, more than 7,000 people gathered at daybreak and shed their clothes to take part in artist Spencer Tunick's largest work yet, an installation featuring a sea of nude bodies covering a central Barcelona avenue.
    (AP, 6/8/03)

2003        Jun, Moroccan authorities warned Spain that Jamal Zougan, a radical Islamist with suspected links to terrorists, had returned to Madrid.
    (WSJ, 3/19/04, p.A11)

2003        Jul 10, Spain's Pres. Aznar began a visit to 3 US states, California, New Mexico and Texas, to promote trade and cultural connections.
    (SFC, 7/11/03, p.A1)
2003        Jul 10, Grenada, Spain, unveiled its first mosque since 1492 when the Moors were expelled.
    (AP, 7/11/03)

2003        Jul 11, Spain, a leading U.S. ally during the war to oust Saddam Hussein, agreed to send 1,300 soldiers to Iraq.
    (AP, 7/12/03)

2003        Jul 25, In Spain 2 top members of the outlawed Basque separatist group ETA were sentenced to 790 years in prison for a 1987 bombing that killed 21 people and injured 45.
    (AP, 7/26/03)

2003        Sep, Spanish judge Baltasar Garzon indicted 35 suspected militants.
    (Econ, 3/27/04, p.47)

2003        Oct 10, Spain's new Madrid-Leida bullet train made its maiden journey. The train had an average speed of 108 mph, with a peak of 124 mph. This was slower than the intended average speed of 186 mph with peaks of 217 mph.
    (AP, 10/11/03)

2003        Oct 12, In northern Spain 2 bombs exploded in a parking lot, destroying 11 freight trucks. No one was injured in the blast blamed on the armed Basque separatist group ETA,
    (AP, 10/12/03)

2003        Oct 18, Manuel Vazquez Montalban (64), one of Spain's best-known authors and the creator of the Barcelona-based detective Pepe Carvalho, died.
    (AP, 10/19/03)

2003        Oct 26, In Spain conservatives regained control of Madrid's regional legislature in an election giving PM Aznar's party momentum going into next year's general elections.
    (AP, 10/27/03)

2003        Oct 28, Joan Perucho (82), judge, novelist and art critic, died in Barcelona.
    (SFC, 10/31/03, p.A25)

2003        Nov 3, Spanish authorities closed the border with the British colony of Gibraltar before the arrival of a virus-stricken cruise ship carrying some 2,000 passengers. More than 400 passengers on the ship fell ill with a norovirus after the ship left Southampton, England, for a Mediterranean voyage on Oct. 20.
    (AP, 11/3/03)

2003        Nov 16, Catalans chose among parties all pledging to seek greater autonomy or independence from Spain in elections that will give the wealthy region a new leader for the first time in almost a quarter century.
    (AP, 11/16/03)

2003        Nov 29, In Iraq US senators Hillary Rodham Clinton and Jack Reed met with local officials in the oil-rich northern city of Kirkuk. Attackers in Mahmudiyah killed 7 members of a Spanish intelligence team as it returned from a mission. In northern Iraq gunmen ambushed and murdered two Japanese diplomats and their Iraqi driver.
    (AP, 11/29/03)(SSFC, 11/30/03, p.A1)(AP, 11/30/03)

2003        Dec 9, French police arrested Gorka Palacios Alday, the alleged military leader of the banned Basque separatist group ETA, along with three accomplices.
    (AP, 12/9/03)

2003        Dec 20, Spain's PM Jose Maria Aznar paid a surprise visit to Spanish troops in Iraq.
    (AP, 12/20/03)

2003        Dec 22, The world's richest lottery spread $2.2 billion in Christmas cheer throughout Spain, including to a village whose name means luck.
    (AP, 12/22/03)

2003        Dec 29,  Jaime de Pinies, a longtime Spanish diplomat who served as president of the United Nations General Assembly (1985), died in Madrid.
    (AP, 12/31/03)

2003        In Spain Jesus Gil y Gil (1933-2004), developer and football club owner, was sentenced to 3½ years plus a fine of some $16m for siphoning off Atletico funds and fraud. Gil was mayor of Marbella on the Costa del Sol. Extensive corruption in the town was unveiled in 2006.
    (Econ, 8/23/03, p.40)(Econ, 4/8/06, p.52)

2004        Jan 14, In Spain Mohammed Kamal Mustafa, imam of the southern town of Fuengirola, was given a suspended sentence of to 15 months in prison. Spanish women's associations hailed the conviction of the Islamic cleric who advised Muslims how to beat their wives.
    (AP, 1/15/04)

2004        Jan 16, Kepa Junkera, button accordionist, performed his rendition of Basque Trikitixa music at Stanford, Ca.
    (SFC, 1/13/04, p.D1)

2004        Feb 18, The armed Basque separatist group ETA unilaterally declared a cease-fire for the northeastern region of Catalonia, but the move was immediately criticized by Spain's prime minister and politicians who refuse to negotiate with the militant group.
    (AP, 2/18/04)

2004        Feb 29, Spain averted a bombing by the Basque separatist group ETA after the Civil Guard stopped a small truck and found about 1,100 pounds of bomb-making chemicals.
    (AP, 2/29/04)

2004        Mar 11, In Madrid, Spain, a series of 10 bombs hidden in backpacks exploded in quick succession at 3 stations, blowing apart four commuter trains. 191 people were killed and over 1,450 wounded. Spanish leaders were quick to accuse Basque terrorists but a shadowy group claimed responsibility in the name of al-Qaeda. On October 31, 2007, 3 lead defendants were convicted of murder. Four other top suspects were acquitted of murder but convicted of lesser charges. In all 21 of the 28 defendants were convicted. On July 17, 2008, a Spanish court cleared four of the 21 people charged for crimes related to the train bombings.
    (WSJ, 3/12/04, p.A1)(AP, 3/13/04)(SFC, 3/13/04, p.A1)(SFC, 3/19/04, p.A3)(AP, 3/23/08)(AP, 10/31/07)(Reuters, 7/17/08)

2004        Mar 14, Elections in Spain returned the Socialists to power. Mariano Rajoy (48) of the ruling conservative Popular Party was the prime minister's hand-picked candidate to succeed him. Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero of the Socialist Party hoped to end eight years of conservative government after promising to pull Spanish troops out of Iraq and address unaffordable housing and job insecurity at home. PM Jose Maria Aznar's conservatives became the first government that had backed Washington in Iraq to be voted from office. Zapatero led the Socialists to victory.
    (AP, 3/15/04)(Econ, 3/20/04, p.49)

2004        Mar 15, Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero, the leader of Spain's victorious Socialists, said he will withdraw his nation's support for the U.S.-led occupation of Iraq.
    (AP, 3/15/04)

2004        Mar 16, Spanish police identified five additional Moroccan suspects they think took part in last week's train bombing that killed 190 and injured 1,647 others.
    (AP, 3/16/04)(AP, 3/23/04)

2004        Mar 20, The Economist reported that a Goldman Sachs study found consumers in Australia and Spain to be the most vulnerable, of 19 countries, to higher interest rates or recession.
    (Econ, 3/20/04, p.85)

2004        Mar 21, Spain's incoming Socialist government rejected an offer for dialogue from the Basque separatist group ETA.
    (AP, 3/21/04)

2004        Apr 2, A Spanish railroad inspector found a 26-pound bomb hidden in a bag on a busy high-speed line. Police said the device may contain the same dynamite used in last month's Madrid train bombings.
    (AP, 4/2/04)

2004        Apr 3, In Spain Sarhane Abdelmajid Fakhet (35), a Tunisian national and the alleged ringleader of last month's train bombings in Madrid, was among 5 suspects who blew themselves up as police raided their apartment.
    (AP, 4/4/04)(SFC, 4/5/04, p.A3)(WSJ, 4/6/04, p.A1)

2004        Apr 6, The Barcelona city council passed a resolution condemning bullfighting and declaring the city Spain's first to come out against the centuries-old sport.
    (AP, 4/6/04)

2004        Apr 16, Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero, Spain's young and largely untested Socialist leader, won parliamentary Friday as prime minister.
    (AP, 4/16/04)

2004        Apr 18, Rodriguez Zapatero, Spain's new PM, ordered the withdrawal of 1,300 Spanish troops from Iraq.
    (SFC, 4/19/04, p.A1)

2004        Apr 22, Spain has agreed to a U.S. request to leave its intelligence agents in Iraq and not withdraw them along with its 1,300 troops.
    (AP, 4/22/04)

2004        Apr 28, A Spanish judge indicted Amer Azizi, a Moroccan fugitive, on charges of helping to plan the Sept. 11 hijackings.
    (AP, 4/28/05)

2004        May 22, Spain's Crown Prince Felipe married former TV anchorwoman Letizia Ortiz, the first commoner in line to be queen in Spanish history.
    (AP, 5/22/04)

2004        Jul 5, Animal rights activists protested in Pamplona, Spain, on the eve of the start of the famous running of the bulls 'San Fermin' festival.
    (Reuters, 7/5/04)

2004        Jul 20, EU lawmakers elected a pro-European from Spain to be its next president as the expanded European Parliament met for the first time. The 732-member assembly chose Josep Borrell, a relatively unknown Spanish Socialist, to its top job.
    (AP, 7/20/04)

2004        Jul 25, A Spanish newspaper reported that Morocco had warned Spain earlier this month that it lost track of 400 Moroccan Islamist militants who trained in al Qaeda camps in Afghanistan, Bosnia or Chechnya.
    (AP, 7/25/04)

2004        Jul 26, Close to 5,000 'cybernauts' gathered for a weeklong computer party in Spain’s southeastern city of Valencia.
    (AP, 7/26/04)
2004         Jul 26, Banco Santander Central Hispano of Spain, with the help of Royal Bank of Scotland, announced a deal to acquire Abbey National Bank in the UK. The $16 billion deal created the tenth largest bank in the world.
    (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbey_(bank))

2004        Sep 25, A film about Iraqi children victims of war "Turtles can fly" directed by Iranian Bahman Ghobadi won the Concha de Oro (Golden Shell) at the prestigious San Sebastian film festival.
    (AFP, 9/25/04)

2004        Oct 1, Spain's Socialist government approved a controversial law that would give gay and lesbian couples the same right to marry, divorce and adopt children as heterosexuals.
    (Reuters, 10/1/04)

2004        Oct 3, Two of Spain's most wanted alleged terrorists and at least 16 other suspected members of the armed Basque separatist group ETA were captured in a vast French-Spanish police operation. Mikel “Antza” Albizu Iriarte was arrested with his girlfriend Soledad Genetxea.
    (AP, 10/3/04)(Econ, 10/9/04, p.48)

2004        Oct 6, In Spain a judge ordered the top banker to stand trial on charges of tax fraud.
    (AP, 10/6/04)

2004        Nov 16, Spanish police arrested 17 suspected members of the armed Basque separatist group ETA in a series of pre-dawn raids in northern Spain.
    (AP, 11/16/04)

2004        Dec 6, In Spain bombs injured at least 18 people in 7 cities following warnings from callers claiming to represent the Basque separatist group ETA.
    (WSJ, 12/7/04, p.A1)

2004        Dec 28, The Spanish government has reached an agreement with unions and employers to raise the minimum monthly wage by 4.5 percent to euro512.90 ($699) on Jan. 1.
    (AP, 12/28/04)

2004        Dec 30, Spain approved new guidelines on immigration, including a partial amnesty aimed at giving papers to some of the 800,000 illegal immigrants estimated to be living in the country.
    (AP, 12/30/04)

2004        Dec 31, Spain's socialist government approved a bill to legalize same-sex marriages.
    (AP, 12/31/04)

2005        Jan 1, Spain was forecast for 3% annual GDP growth with a population at 41.3 million and GDP per head at $26,660.
    (Econ, 1/8/05, p.89)

2005        Jan 13, In Spain an explosion killed seven workers at a warehouse in the northern city of Burgos. A gas leak was suspected.
    (AP, 1/13/05)

2005        Jan 16, The armed Basque separatist group ETA threw its weight behind an initiative by its political wing to open dialogue with the Spanish government on solving the Basque problem.
    (AP, 1/16/05)

2005        Feb 6, The bodies of 18 victims of carbon monoxide poisoning from a faulty gas heater were found at a cottage near the village of Todolella in Spain’s Castellon province.
    (WSJ, 2/7/05, p.A1)

2005        Feb 7, Spain launched an immigrant amnesty program. As many as 800,00 new residency permits were expected.
    (WSJ, 2/7/05, p.A16)

2005        Feb 9, In Spain a car bomb exploded in a business park on the outskirts of Madrid just after the morning rush hour, injuring 43 people. Government officials blamed the Basque separatist group ETA.
    (AP, 2/9/05)

2005        Feb 13, Firefighters shot jets of water on one of Madrid’s tallest office buildings for a 2nd day, fighting to control a fiery orange blaze that began the night before and threatened to collapse the 32-story skyscraper.
    (AP, 2/13/05)

2005        Feb 17, Spanish police arrested two suspected members of the armed Basque separatist group ETA in Valencia, seizing explosives that they planned to use for imminent attacks.
    (AP, 2/17/05)

2005        Feb 20, Spanish voters endorsed the EU constitution in a nonbinding referendum.
    (SFC, 2/21/05, p.A3)

2005        Mar 8, In Madrid, Spain, a summit on terrorism opened.
    (AP, 3/8/05)

2005        Mar 9, Spanish serial killer Alfredo Galan, nicknamed the "playing card assassin" because he left a card at the scene of each murder, received jail sentences totaling 142 years.
    (AP, 3/9/05)

2005        Mar 12, Spanish police said they had cracked a money-laundering operation worth up to 250 million euros ($335.8 million) which might have links to YUKOS, but had not specified what those links might be.
    (AP, 3/13/05)

2005        Apr 10, Spanish police seized a cache of explosives in an operation against the armed Basque separatist group ETA one week before a Basque regional election.
    (AP, 4/10/05)

2005        Apr 17, In northern Spain the Basque region's ruling nationalists faced a test of their drive to secure more autonomy as elections got under way. The Basque Nationalist Party (PNV), led by Juan Jose Ibarretxe, lost 4 seats.
    (AP, 4/17/05)(Econ, 4/23/05, p.51)

2005        Apr 19, A Spanish court convicted Adolfo Scilingo (58), a former Argentine naval officer, of crimes against humanity for throwing 30 naked and drugged prisoners from planes during his country's "dirty war" more than two decades ago. It sentenced him to 640 years in prison. During the trial, Scilingo insisted he fabricated the taped testimony to trigger an investigation into Argentina's "dirty war."
    (AP, 4/19/05)

2005        May 17, Spain’s Parliament approved a resolution authorizing a “negotiated end” to almost 40 years of separatist violence. Parliament backed Socialist PM Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero's offer of talks with ETA if its groups end violence.
    (WSJ, 5/18/05, p.A12)(AP, 3/22/06)
2005        May 17, The captain of the Greenpeace boat, "The Rainbow Warrior," was sentenced to six months in prison for disobedience during a protest against the war in Iraq in 2003. The case stemmed from the detention of five men on March 14, 2003, for staging a protest aboard the boat captained by Daniel Rizzotti, an Argentine citizen, near the U.S.-Spanish Rota naval base in southern Spain.
    (AP, 5/17/05)

2005        May 18, Spain's Senate ratified the new European Union constitution, becoming the ninth country to approve the landmark document.
    (AP, 5/18/05)

2005        May 25, A powerful car bomb exploded in Madrid after a warning call from the armed Basque separatist group ETA. 18 people were injured.
    (AP, 5/25/05)

2005        Jun 8, A 2-day conference on racism sponsored by the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) opened in Cordoba, Spain.
    (AP, 6/9/05)

2005        Jun 15, Spanish authorities said police had arrested 16 Islamic terror suspects in raids in several cities, including 11 men accused of having ties to Abu-Musab al-Zarqawi's group al-Qaida in Iraq and recruiting people for suicide attacks there.
    (AP, 6/15/05)

2005         Jun 18, In Spain ETA announced it will no longer kill elected members of political parties.
    (AP, 3/22/06)

2005        Jun 19, Voters in Spain's northwest Galicia region were deciding whether to extend the 15-year rule of Manuel Fraga (82), the last surviving politician of Gen. Francisco Franco's regime.
    (AP, 6/19/05)

2005        Jun 28, In Madrid a Tibetan group presented a criminal case against top Chinese officials for genocide and crimes against humanity, seeking to take advantage of Spain's laws on international human rights crimes.
    (AP, 6/28/05)

2005        Jun 30, Spain’s Parliament voted 187-147 to legalize gay marriages, defying conservatives and clergy making Spain the 3rd country to allow same-sex unions nationwide.
    (AP, 6/30/05)(WSJ, 7/1/05, p.A1)

2005        Jul 17, In central Spain 11 firefighters trying to extinguish a forest fire sparked by a smoldering barbeque were killed.
    (AP, 7/17/05)

2005        Jul 18, The United States extradited a Moroccan held at Guantanamo Bay who was indicted in Spain for his alleged links to an al-Qaida cell.
    (AP, 7/19/05)

2005        Jul 22, Spain banned lighting fires in open spaces nationwide until November. This was Spain’s worst drought since 1947. Spaniards will no longer allowed to smoke as they take a Sunday stroll in the woods, under new government rules aimed at curbing the risk of fires such as a recent one in which 11 firefighters died in Guadalajara.
    (Reuters, 7/25/05)(Econ, 7/23/05, p.47)

2005        Jul 27, France Telecom bought an 80% stake in Amena, Spain’s 3rd largest mobile telephone operator.
    (Econ, 7/30/05, p.54)

2005        Aug 16, Two helicopters carrying NATO-led forces to prepare for next month's elections crashed in the desert in western Afghanistan, killing at least 17 Spanish troops.
    (AP, 8/16/05)

2005        Aug 31, In Spain tens of thousands of people armed with 100 tons of plum tomatoes took part in the "Tomatina," joyously splattering each other in the town of Bunol.
    (AP, 8/31/05)

2005        Aug, A report, only made public in 2008, marked confidential and bearing the official seal of Spain's Defense Ministry charged that Pakistan's spy service was helping arm Taliban insurgents for assassination plots against the Afghan government.
    (AP, 10/1/08)

2005        Sep 26, Spain’s high court convicted 18 Muslim immigrants of terrorism-related charges. Imad Eddin Barakat Yarkas, a suspected al-Qaida cell leader, was sentenced to 27 years in prison. He was convicted of conspiring to commit murder in connection with the Sept. 11 attacks in the US, concluding Europe's biggest trial of alleged members of the terrorist group. Among those convicted was an Al-Jazeera TV correspondent, who was sentenced to 7 years.
    (Reuters, 9/26/05)(SFC, 9/27/05, p.A3)

2005        Sep 29, Hundreds of African migrants charged a razor-wire border fence at a Spanish enclave in northern Morocco before dawn, and five people were killed and 50 injured, prompting Spain to send troops to secure the frontier.
    (AP, 9/29/05)

2005        Sep 30, Catalonia's parliament approved a new charter that called the wealthy region in northeastern Spain "a nation," wording that has some worried that the region is heading toward a break with Spain.
    (AP, 9/30/05)

2005        Sep, The Economist Intelligence Unit ranked IESE Business School, an arm of Spain’s Univ. of Navarre, as the world’s top business school.
    (Econ, 9/24/05, p.81)

2005        Oct 3, More than 300 Africans tore through a razor-wire fence separating Morocco from the Spanish enclave of Melilla, clashing with police in the latest wave of undocumented immigrants seeking a foothold in Europe.
    (AP, 10/3/05)

2005        Oct 4, Spain said it will build a third high-security fence between its Melilla enclave and Morocco after undocumented immigrants repeatedly stormed two existing barriers.
    (AP, 10/4/05)

2005        Oct 5, Some 500 African immigrants defied increased security and tried to surge across razor-wire fences separating Morocco and the Spanish enclave of Melilla, the 5th such rush in a week. The assault in a week prompted Spain to announce plans to expel the illegal migrants.
    (AP, 10/6/05)

2005        Oct 13, Spanish authorities said police have seized 3.5 tons of cocaine in a fishing boat bound for Spain from Venezuela after tip-offs from U.S. authorities.
    (AP, 10/13/05)
2005        Oct 13, At the Ibero-American Summit in Spain, foreign ministers from Latin America, Spain and Portugal backed Cuba on in two of its battles against the US, calling for an end to the US embargo and the expulsion from the U.S. of a Cuban militant wanted for a 1976 plane bombing.
    (AP, 10/13/05)

2005        Oct 14, At the Ibero-American Summit in Spain UN Sec.-General Kofi Annan called for greater progress in trade talks on farming.
    (AP, 10/14/05)

2005        Oct 15, In northeastern Spanish at least 5 north African men were killed, four were injured and one was believed still trapped under rubble after a three-storey 17th century building collapsed in the town of Piera.
    (AP, 10/15/05)

2005        Oct 19, A court officials said a Spanish judge has issued an international arrest warrant for three U.S. soldiers whose tank fired on a Baghdad hotel during the Iraq war, killing a Spanish journalist and one other. Jose Couso, who worked for the Spanish television network Telecinco, died April 8, 2003, after a U.S. army tank crew fired a shell on Hotel Palestine.
    (AP, 10/19/05)

2005        Oct 22, In Spain the Basque country's ruling party called for new initiatives to end violence by ETA guerrillas in Spain and break a political deadlock over the region's status.
    (AP, 10/22/05)

2005        Oct 23, Stella Obasanjo (59), the wife of Nigerian President Olusegun Obasanjo, died after undergoing liposuction surgery in Spain. In 2009 A court in Malaga convicted plastic surgeon Antonio Mena Molina of negligent homicide. He was given a suspended sentence of a year in jail, barred from practicing medicine for three years, and ordered to pay euro120,000 ($175,000) in damages to the woman's son.
    (AP, 10/23/05)(AP, 9/22/09)

2005        Oct 31, The Spanish telecommunications company Telefonica announced an agreed $31.5 billion takeover of mobile-phone operator O2, to be paid in cash.
    (Econ, 11/5/05, p.65)

2005        Oct, Spain’s ENCE planned to start a cellulose plant on the Uruguay River bordering Argentina.
    (Econ, 10/8/05, p.47)

2005        Nov 4, Spain's Supreme Court sentenced pro-Basque independence leader Arnaldo Otegi to a year in prison for slandering King Juan Carlos by saying he was in charge of torturers.
    (AP, 11/4/05)

2005        Nov 7, A section of a bridge under construction in southern Spain collapsed on workers, killing at least five of them.
    (AP, 11/7/05)

2005        Nov 13, China's President Hu Jintao has arrived in Spain for the final leg of a European trip dominated by trade, but was again set to be dogged by protests over his country's human rights record.
    (AP, 11/13/05)

2005        Nov 14, Spanish court officials said the National Court has received a prosecutor's report on allegations that the CIA used an airport on the Spanish island of Mallorca for a program of covert transfers of terror suspects. The 114-page report was submitted in July.
    (AP, 11/14/05)

2005        Nov 23, Spanish police arrested 11 people suspected of financing and giving logistical support to an Islamic extremist group linked to al-Qaida.
    (AP, 11/23/05)

2005        Nov 28, Spain agreed to sell 12 military planes and eight patrol boats to Venezuela in a $2 billion deal that the United States has threatened to block.
    (AP, 11/29/05)

2005        Nov 29, Spain announced it plans to sell planes and helicopters to Colombia.
    (WSJ, 11/30/05, p.A1)

2005        Nov, In western Spain officers of Seprona, the environmental unit of the paramilitary Civil Guard, arrested hunters skinning a Bengal tiger. Agents also found another tiger and lion in cages waiting their turn to be hunted. In the 1st half of the year officers confiscated 678 illegally imported live animals.
    (WSJ, 4/12/06, p.A1)

2005        Dec 7, Spanish authorities arrested former Gen. Ante Gotovina, the top Croatian war crimes suspect, after four years on the run. He was captured in the Canary Islands when special police agents surprised him as he dined in a luxury beach hotel.
    (AP, 12/08/05)

2005        Dec 9, Spanish police arrested at least 7 people over the last 24 hours suspected of financing and giving logistical support to an Islamic extremist group with links to al-Qaida.
    (AP, 12/09/05)

2005        Dec 19, Spanish police arrested 15 people on suspicion of recruiting and indoctrinating fighters for Iraq's insurgency.
    (AP, 12/19/05)

2005        Dec 22, A lottery known as "El Gordo" — the Fat One — sprinkled more than $2.4 billion in Christmas cheer around Spain, with this Catalan town known for its churches and convents blessed with a quarter of the windfall.
    (AP, 12/22/05)

2005        Dec 27, In Spain a new law that took effect ordering government ministries to close no later than 6 p.m., part of a broad package of measures that are geared to help Spaniards juggle their jobs and families.
    (AP, 12/28/05)

2005        Spain unveiled a Renewable Energy Plan.
    (AFP, 10/23/06)

2005        Housing starts in Spain reached 715,000 for the year.
    (Econ, 9/16/06, p.61)

2005        Some 650,000 people arrived in Spain pushing the total population to over 44 million. Some 700,000 illegal immigrants were granted amnesty.
    (Econ, 10/14/06, p.59)

2006        Jan 1, Spanish smokers faced a wrenching change New Year's Day as a nationwide ban on tobacco in the workplace came into force in a country known for its smoky bars.
    (AP, 1/1/06)

2006        Jan 10, Spanish police arrested 20 people, mostly Moroccans, linked to Islamic terrorism and violence in Iraq in raids across Spain.
    (AFP, 1/10/06)

2006        Jan 12, Spanish police detained Omar Nakcha (23), a Moroccan whom they suspect of being the leader of two extremist groups recruiting volunteers to fight in Iraq.
    (AP, 1/12/06)

2006        Feb 9, Spanish police in Madrid arrested Ricardo Taddei (63), a former Argentine police officer, wanted in connection with kidnappings and torture during his country's "dirty war" against leftist dissidents.
    (AP, 2/9/06)

2006        Feb 13, In Spain survivors and relatives of people killed in terrorist attacks worldwide gathered to share stories of their common tragedy, discuss ways to fight the scourge and hear what governments plan to do to make their citizens safer.
    (AP, 2/13/06)

2006        Feb 22, Spanish PM Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero expressed reticence about a takeover bid for leading domestic electricity group Endesa by E.ON of Germany, saying national interest was paramount. In July Spain’s energy regulator (CNE) imposed 19 conditions on the bid for Endesa. On Aug 25 EU regulators warned that government restrictions on E.ON’s bid were illegal.
    (AP, 2/22/06)(Econ, 9/2/06, p.58)

2006        Mar 19, In Seville, Spain, Muslim and Jewish leaders met in a rare face-to-face forum and appealed to their faithful not to view each other as enemies and keep religion from being hijacked by extremists. The 4-day meeting, called the Second World Congress of Imams and Rabbis for Peace, was sponsored by Hommes de Parole, a peace foundation based in Paris.
    (AP, 3/19/06)

2006        Mar 13, A Spanish judge indicted 32 people for allegedly plotting to drive a truck packed with explosives into a courthouse that has been the hub for anti-terrorism investigations. Authorities suspected that Mohamed Achraf was planning to ram a truck loaded with 1,100 pounds of explosives into the court in downtown Madrid.
    (AP, 3/21/06)

2006        Mar 22, The Basque separatist group ETA announced a permanent cease-fire, ending a decades-long campaign of violence and closing the door on one of Western Europe's last active armed separatist movements.
    (AP, 3/22/06)

2006        Mar 30, Spain's lower house of parliament approved a divisive proposal to grant greater autonomy to Catalonia and boost the wealthy region's tax collecting and judicial powers.
    (AP, 3/30/06)

2006        Mar, In Spain a dozen councilors from the southern resort of Marbella were arrested for graft related to construction projects.
    (Econ, 9/16/06, p.61)

2006        Apr 1, Tens of thousands of people gathered at a rally in the northern city of Bilbao to call for greater Basque self-determination and negotiations between the Spanish government and separatists.
    (AP, 4/1/06)

2006        Apr 11, In Spain a judge handed down the first indictments in the Madrid train bombings, charging 29 people with murder, terrorism or other crimes after a two-year investigation.
    (AP, 4/11/06)

2006        Apr 16, In Spain a bus carrying Boy Scouts overturned on a northern highway, killing at least four people, including three minors.
    (AP, 4/16/06)

2006        May 10, In Madrid, Spain, hundreds of thousands of small investors who fell victim to a stamp scam demonstrated to try to recover lost savings potentially amounting to billions of euros. A day earlier police arrested nine directors of two philately organizations, Afinsa and Forum Filatelico.
    (AP, 5/10/06)

2006        May 12, Spain's Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria (BBVA) agreed to the French bank BNP Paribas' purchase of its 14.75-percent stake in Italy's Banca Nazionale del Lavoro (BNL), saying it will reap 567 million euros (731 million dollars) in capital gains from the sale.
    (AP, 5/13/06)

2006        May 13, Spanish police and rescue vessels intercepted six boats carrying over 460 sub-Saharan illegal migrants off the coast of the Canary Island of Tenerife. Officials said as many as 1,000 immigrants may have drowned on this route over just the last 6 months.
    (AP, 5/13/06)(Econ, 5/13/06, p.61)

2006        May 14, The armed Basque group ETA stated publicly for the first time since a ceasefire declaration in March that it still demands self-determination for the Basque Country.
    (AFP, 5/14/06)

2006        Jun 1, Spain's Supreme Court acquitted the only person convicted of involvement in the September 11 attacks in a trial last year of suspected Al Qaeda members. Imad Eddin Barakat Yarkas, known as Abu Dahdah, had been convicted of conspiracy to commit terrorist murder and sentenced to 27 years in jail. He will, however, continue to serve a 12 year sentence for leading a terrorist group.
    (Reuters, 6/1/06)
2006        Jun 1, In Spain Rocio Jurado (61), hailed as the country’s greatest singer, died of cancer. Her recordings included 5 platinum and 30 gold records.
    (SFC, 6/2/06, p.B9)

2006        Jun 6, The Spanish interior ministry said that 67 suspects had been arrested for accessing child porn on the Internet over the past five days. The international police operation arrested 38 in France, 10 in Spain, 9 in Slovakia, 7 in Belgium and 3 in the Netherlands.
    (AP, 6/6/06)
2006        Jun 6, Britain’s BAA, owners of Heathrow, Stansted and Gatwick airports, accepted an $18.8 billion bid from Spain’s Grupo Ferrovial, led by Rafael del Pino.
    (Econ, 6/10/06, p.55)(Econ, 7/7/07, p.67)

2006        Jun 10, Tens of thousands of Spaniards marched in Madrid to demand the government not hold talks with Basque separatists.
    (AP, 6/10/06)

2006        Jun 18, Catalans went to the polls in a referendum on giving their region increased autonomy, in a crucial test for Spanish PM Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero as he seeks to rally support for peace talks with Basque separatists. Catalan voters overwhelmingly approved a blueprint that some fear could leave Spain's government cash-strapped and powerless.
    (AP, 6/18/06)

2006        Jun 20, In Spain and France 12 people, including one of the founders of the Basque separatists ETA, were arrested in pre-dawn raids in a crackdown on illegal financing of the armed group.
    (AFP, 6/20/06)

2006        Jun 29, Spain officially announced the start of peace negotiations with the Basque separatist group ETA after formally informing parliament, and PM Zapatero warned that talks to end decades of bloodshed would be long and difficult.
    (AP, 6/29/06)

2006        Jul 3, A subway train derailed in the eastern Spanish city of Valencia, killing 43 people. "Initial investigations show it was an accident," said Vicente Rambla, spokesman for the Valencia regional government.
    (AP, 7/3/07)

2006        Jul 6, A delegate from Spain's ruling party met with the leader of an outlawed Basque separatist group in historic talks hailed by both sides as a possible step toward peace.
    (AP, 7/6/06)

2006        Jul 7, A Spanish judge charged two former Guatemalan dictators with genocide and issued international warrants for their arrest. National Court Judge Santiago Pedraz issued warrants on charges of genocide, torture, terrorism and illegal detention against Gen. Efrain Rios Montt, Gen. Oscar Humberto Mejia Victores and six other men.
    (AP, 7/7/06)
2006        Jul 7, Spain’s Agriculture Ministry said it has recorded its first case of H5N1 bird flu. The deadly strain was found in a water fowl in a marsh area outside the northern city of Vitoria.
    (AP, 7/7/06)

2006        Jul 8, Pope Benedict XVI stressed family values during a visit to Spain, where church influence has waned and the government has angered the Vatican with its liberal take on issues including gay marriage.
    (AP, 7/8/06)

2006        Jul 20, Bio Fuel Systems, a Spanish company, claimed to have developed a method of breeding plankton and turning the marine plants into oil, providing a potentially inexhaustible source of clean fuel.
    (Reuters, 7/20/06)

2006        Jul 27, Police found the bodies of four Africans on a boat packed with 26 other would-be immigrants that was intercepted off Spain's Canary Islands.
    (AP, 7/28/06)

2006        Jul 28, The Spanish government approved a divisive bill allowing reparations for victims of the Spanish Civil War and the ensuing dictatorship of Gen. Francisco Franco.
    (AP, 7/29/06)

2006        Jul, Spain’s inflation stood close to 4%, almost 1.5 points above the average for the euro area. Spain’s current account deficit was among the highest in the world heading for over 9% of GDP. Housing was estimated to be overvalued by as much as 25-30%.
    (Econ, 7/29/06, p.49)

2006        Aug 6, Crews fought more than 20 forest fires in northern Spain and stopped blazes from advancing into two historic towns. The fires killed three people and destroyed thousands of acres of woodland. Authorities said most of the blazes were deliberately set.
    (AP, 8/6/06)(AP, 8/7/06)

2006        Aug 12, Hundreds of paratroopers joined the struggle to control scores of forest fires in northwestern Spain. A total of 24 people have been arrested since Aug. 1 on suspicion of deliberately starting many of the fires.
    (AP, 8/13/06)

2006        Aug 21, In northern Spain at least 6 people died in a train derailment.
    (AP, 8/21/06)

2006        Aug 22, In Spain Grigory Perelman (40), a reclusive Russian, won a Fields Medal, the math world's highest honor, for solving a problem that has stumped some of the discipline's greatest minds for a century, but he refused the award.
    (AP, 8/22/06)

2006        Aug 27, Mauritania police said the bodies of 15 people found washed ashore on the beaches of Nouakchatt, Mauritania's capital, are believed to be those of African migrants who were trying to reach Spain's Canary Islands by boat. Spain's Interior Ministry said more than 18,300 people have reached the Canary Islands so far this year, the highest total ever.
    (AP, 8/27/06)

2006        Sep 1, Spain's Cabinet approved sending 1,100 troops to the UN peacekeeping force in Lebanon, calling it a "legitimate" mission to help maintain peace in the region.
    (AP, 9/1/06)
2006        Sep 1, In Spain self-contained, nonsmoking areas with their own ventilation systems, became requisite for larger restaurants and bars.
    (AP, 9/1/06)

2006        Sep 15, Alberto Linero (27) and Alberto Sanchez (24) both privates in the Spanish air force, exchanged vows in a reception room at Seville's town hall, in the first known wedding among same-sex members of the military since Spain legalized gay marriage last year.
    (AP, 9/15/06)

2006        Sep 18, Britain and Spain reached a historic deal to resolve side issues stemming from their 300-year-old dispute over Gibraltar, but sidestepped the main one, their claims to the Rock's sovereignty.
    (AP, 9/19/06)

2006        Sep 23, Spain's Basque separatist group ETA has said it will not give up its weapons until independence for the Basque region is won, fuelling concerns over the future of a six-month-old ceasefire.
    (AFP, 9/24/06)

2006        Sep, In Sesena, Spain, a town of fewer than 10,000 40 km from Madrid, some 13,000 apartments were under construction. Mayor Manuel Fuentes expected 40,000 new arrivals.
    (Econ, 9/16/06, p.61)

2006        Oct 9, Khaled al-Masri (43), a Kuwaiti-born German citizen, testified in a Spanish court that he was kidnapped on Dec 31, 2003, at the Serbia-Macedonia border while on vacation, tortured by US intelligence agents for 23 days, then flown by the CIA to Afghanistan where he was imprisoned and abused for five months. He was released in Albania in May 2004 after the CIA discovered they had the wrong person.
    (AP, 10/9/06)

2006        Oct 14, In northwestern Spain vandals freed over 15,000 minks from breeding farms.
    (SFC, 10/16/06, p.A3)

2006        Oct 26, Spanish police arrested Orlando Sabogal Zuluaga (40), a leading member of one of Colombia's most feared drug-trafficking cartels, in a shopping center on the outskirts of Madrid.
    (AP, 10/31/06)

2006        Nov 4, Spanish police said that 1.8 billion euros (2.3 billion dollars) had been frozen in bank accounts as investigations continued into possible tax fraud.
    (AP, 11/4/06)
2006        Nov 4, Swathes of Austria, Belgium, Croatia, France, Italy, Spain, Portugal, and the Netherlands and went dark for up to an hour in the late evening as cold Germans rushing to switch on heaters sucked up electricity from Europe's interconnected networks.
    (AP, 11/5/06)

2006        Nov 6, In Italy a Milan court sentenced Rabei Ousmane Sayed Ahmed, the accused mastermind of the March 2004 train bombings in Madrid, to 10 years in jail for membership of a terrorist organization. A second Egyptian, Yahya Mawad Mohamed Rajeh, was sentenced to five years in jail in the case.
    (AFP, 11/6/06)

2006        Nov 7, French authorities handed over to Spain Jose Javier Arizcuren Ruiz, a former leading member of the armed Basque separatist group ETA, who police blame for killing at least 15 people and planning several major attacks. Ruiz, also known as "Kantauri," was arrested in Paris in 1999 and served time in a French prison on charges of being a member of an armed group.
    (AP, 11/7/06)

2006        Nov 12, Spanish farmers led a flock of hundreds of bleating sheep through downtown Madrid in a protest urging the protection of ancient grazing routes threatened by urban sprawl.
    (AP, 11/12/06)

2006        Nov 16, Spain, France and Italy unveiled a five-point Middle East peace initiative, calling Israeli-Palestinian violence intolerable and saying that Europe must take a lead role in ending the conflict.
    (AP, 11/16/06)

2006        Nov 17, Italy turned over Rabei Osman Sayed Ahmed (35) an Egyptian Muslim militant convicted of terrorism to Spain, where he is charged as a key suspect in the 2004 Madrid terror bombing.
    (AP, 11/17/06)

2006        Nov 22, Authorities in Italy, Spain, the United States and several South American countries arrested 76 people as part of a major drug crackdown in which a restaurant linked to one of Colombia's most feared warlords was seized.
    (AP, 11/22/06)

2006        Dec 12, Hundreds of Spanish police and security officials arrested at least 11 suspected Islamic militants in pre-dawn raids in Ceuta, a tiny Spanish enclave on Morocco's coast.
    (AP, 12/12/06)

2006        Dec 22, Residents of Almazan, a small town in rural Spain, won the top prize of 390 million euros in the world's richest lottery, known as El Gordo or "the fat one".
    (Reuters, 12/22/06)

2006        Dec 24, A new study was published saying traces of cocaine can be found on 94% of banknotes in Spain, a country that has one of the world's highest rates of users.
    (AP, 12/24/06)

2006        Dec 30, A car bomb exploded in a parking lot at Madrid's glittery new airport terminal, and the government blamed the Basque separatist group ETA. 26 were slightly injured. The bodies of two people from Ecuador were later recovered. This signaled the apparent end of a nine-month ceasefire.
    (AP, 12/31/06)(AP, 1/6/07)
2006        Dec 30, Maria del Carmen Bousada (66) of Spain became the world's oldest mother after she gave birth to twins in the northern city of Barcelona. She had previously undergone in vitro fertilization in Los Angeles. Bousada (69) died of cancer on July 11, 2009, leaving behind her twin toddlers.
    (AP, 12/30/06)(AP, 7/15/09)

2006        Javier Marias (b.1951), Spanish novelist, authored “Written Lives,” a profile of his literary favorites. The English translation was by Margaret Jull Costa.
    (WSJ, 3/4/06, p.P8)

2006        Giles Tremlett authored “Ghosts of Spain: Travels Through a Country's Hidden Past.”
    (WSJ, 2/3/07, p.P13)

2006        Spain prepared to launch production of solar energy from what will be Europe's largest thermo-electric plant at Sanlucar La Mayor, near the southern city of Seville.
    (AFP, 10/23/06)

2006        Italy was taken over by Spain in GDP per head. This was made public in late 2007.
    (Econ, 1/5/08, p.44)

2007        Jan 4, Police in the Basque region said they had found a bomb in northern Spain, five days after a Madrid car bombing, blamed on the separatist group ETA, killed 2 people.
    (AP, 1/4/07)(AP, 1/6/07)

2007        Jan 9, Armed Basque separatist group ETA claimed responsibility for the bomb attack at Madrid airport that killed 2 people last week but said its ceasefire still held and it wanted peace.
    (AFP, 1/9/07)

2007        Jan 16, Spanish court officials said Spain has issued an international arrest warrant for three US soldiers after reopening a murder investigation into the killing of Spanish television cameraman Jose Couso in Iraq on Apr 18, 2003.
    (Reuters, 1/16/07)

2007        Jan 31, Two Spanish men, both charged with providing explosives for Islamist train bombings in Madrid in 2004, were given jail sentences in a separate trial for selling explosives in 2001. The court in Asturias said it jailed former miner Jose Emilio Suarez-Trashorras and his brother-in-law, Antonio Toro, for 10 and 11-1/2 years respectively on charges of drugs and explosives trafficking.
    (Reuters, 1/31/07)

2007        Feb 3, Tens of thousands of people marched in Madrid to reject any negotiations with the Basque separatist group ETA, whose car bombing in the capital a month ago shattered a nascent peace process.
    (AP, 2/4/07)

2007        Feb 5, A home-made bomb ripped through a train station in Spain's Basque region. Police said it appeared to have been the work of Basque independence street gangs, rather than armed separatists ETA.
    (AP, 2/5/07)

2007        Feb 7, The Spanish Civil Guard said authorities have arrested 52 people in a major crackdown on a suspected ring of antiquities looters from dozens of sites in southern Spain.
    (AP, 2/7/07)

2007        Feb 16, BBVA, Spain's number two bank, said it has reached an agreement to buy US bank Compass Bancshares for around 9.6 billion US dollars (7.4 billion euros) in the latest major foreign acquisition by a Spanish firm.
    (AFP, 2/16/07)

2007        Feb 24, In Spain thousands of people waving red-and-yellow Spanish flags protested in Madrid against a court ruling that shortened the prison sentence for one of the Basque separatist group ETA's most notorious killers.
    (AP, 2/25/07)

2007        Mar 1, In France, Germany and Spain workers at Airbus revolted against massive cutbacks, planning a strike next week in a warning to the company that its recovery strategy is in for a long, tough haul.
    (AFP, 3/1/07)

2007        Mar 9, Thousands of people across Spain took part in rallies called by the right wing opposition to protest the Socialists government's decision to allow a hunger-striking Basque separatist serve out his jail term under house arrest.
    (AP, 3/9/07)

2007        Mar 11, Spain unveiled a towering monument to those killed three years ago in the bombings that ripped apart rush-hour commuter trains, a glass oval containing messages of condolence written in the aftermath of Europe's worst Islamic terror attack.
    (AP, 3/11/07)

2007        Mar 12, Authorities said Spanish police have arrested Brian David Anderson (61), a Canadian man suspected of helping finance Islamist terrorist activities. The Interior Ministry said Anderson is thought to be linked to a New York businessman, Abdul Tawala Ibn Ali Alishtari, 53, who was charged last month with terrorism financing, material support of terrorism and money laundering.
    (AP, 3/12/07)

2007        Mar 15, Spain’s Parliament passed a gender-equality bill aimed at getting more Spanish women into elected office and corporate boardrooms, and more men heating baby bottles and changing diapers.
    (AP, 3/15/07)

2007        Mar 17, In Spain film director Pedro Almodovar joined tens of thousands of people in a march through Madrid to protest the war in Iraq and to demand the closure of the US military prison at Guantanamo Bay.
    (AP, 3/17/07)

2007        Mar 20, The Madrid government said El Hierro, one of the smallest of Spain's Canary Islands, is to receive 100 percent of its electricity supply from renewable energy sources.
    (AFP, 3/20/07)

2007        Apr 24, Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf arrived in Spain, part of a four-nation tour of Europe, for talks expected to focus on Islamic radicalism and NATO's mission in Afghanistan.
    (AP, 4/24/07)

2007        Apr 25, Royal Bank of Scotland, Fortis, a Belgian-Dutch lender and Santander of Spain launched a blockbuster 72-billion-euro takeover battle for Dutch group ABN Amro, outgunning by far an agreed offer by Barclays.
    (AFP, 4/25/07)(Econ, 4/28/07, p.85)(Econ, 7/19/08, p.84)

2007        Apr 27, A Spanish judge indicted three US soldiers in the 2003 death of Jose Couso, a Spanish journalist who was killed when their tank opened fire at a hotel in Baghdad.
    (AP, 4/27/07)

2007        May 6, Spain's Supreme Court barred hundreds of Basque separatist candidates from running in regional elections later this month because of links to an outlawed party closely tied to armed group ETA.
    (AP, 5/6/07)

2007        May 14, In Tunisia Sfax port officials said the Tunisian coastguard had rescued 35 African would-be immigrants who were trying to sail to Italy from the Libyan coast. More than 1,000 people have landed on Spanish or Italian territory since May 10.
    (AFP, 5/14/07)

2007        May 15, A Spanish anesthesiologist with hepatitis C was sentenced to prison for infecting 275 people with the virus by injecting them with morphine from the same needles he used to feed his own addiction. Juan Maeso (65) was sentenced to 1,933 years in prison. The most he can serve under Spanish law is 20 years.
    (AP, 5/15/07)

2007        May 27, Spain's rival Socialists and conservatives fought to a virtual tie in local elections, highlighting the deep divisions in the country a year before national elections. The opposition People’s Party (PP) led by Mariano Rajoy won 35.6% vs. 34.9% for the Socialists.
    (AP, 5/27/07)(Econ, 6/9/07, p.59)

2007        May 28, Spain arrested 2 Algerians and 14 Moroccans, on suspicion of recruiting volunteers to fight in Iraq and other countries.
    (AP, 5/28/07)(SFC, 5/29/07, p.A3)(WSJ, 5/29/07, p.A1)

2007        May 31, The Spanish government said it has filed a lawsuit in a US federal court against an American firm over a shipwreck the company has found laden with a colonial-era treasure.
    (AP, 5/31/07)

2007        Jun 5, In Spain the Basque separatist group ETA called off its 15-month-old cease-fire, formalizing what many saw as the demise of a once-promising peace process already struck down by a deadly bombing in December.
    (AP, 6/5/07)
2007        Jun 5, Spanish media said a court has ordered police to capture and search two vessels belonging to a Florida firm that recently announced it had found a shipwreck in the Atlantic Ocean laden with an estimated $500 million worth of Colonial-era treasure.
    (AP, 6/5/07)

2007        Jun 7, In Spain Monzer al-Kassar (61), a Syrian arms dealer previously accused of arming militants from Iraq to Somalia, was arrested on suspicion of plotting to send millions of dollars worth of weapons to Colombian rebels. A federal indictment unsealed in NYC said al-Kassar has provided weapons and military equipment to violent factions in Nicaragua, Brazil, Cyprus, Bosnia, Croatia, Somalia, Iran and Iraq. Tareq Mousa al Ghazi and Luis Filipe Moreno Godoy, also included in the indictment, were arrested in Romania.
    (AP, 6/8/07)

2007        Jun 8, Spanish police arrested Arnaldo Otegi (48), the Basque separatist movement's most prominent politician, on a court order for him to start serving a 15-month sentence for defending terrorism. A judge indicted 32 people on charges of belonging to or collaborating with a militant group working in Spain to recruit fighters for al-Qaida in Iraq.
    (AP, 6/8/07)(AP, 6/9/07)

2007        Jun 16, Spanish police, working with US and British authorities, seized four tons of cocaine aboard a ship off the northwest coast.
    (AP, 6/18/07)

2007        Jun 28, Federal authorities in Brazil arrested 10 Brazilians accused of luring South American women to Spain and forcing them into prostitution.
    (AP, 6/29/07)

2007        Jun 29, Spanish researchers said they had unearthed a human tooth more than one million years old, which they estimated to be the oldest human fossil remain ever discovered in western Europe.
    (AFP, 6/29/07)

2007        Jul 2, In Yemen a suicide bomber plowed his car into people visiting a temple linked to the ancient Queen of Sheba, killing seven Spaniards and two Yemenis.
    (AP, 7/3/07)

2007        Jul 3, Spanish PM Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero promised that every child born in Spain would receive a baby bonus of €2,500, according to national press reports.
    (Econ, 2/16/08, p.59)(http://piurl.com/5i)

2007        Jul 8, Spain's largest fighting bulls lived up to their fearsome reputation, goring two and crushing at least seven people as thousands of daredevils sprinted down narrow streets Sunday in Pamplona's annual running of the bulls.
    (AP, 7/8/07)

2007        Jul 12, In Spain charging bulls gored 7 people and seriously injured several others as this year's San Fermin festival in Pamplona served up its longest and most dangerous run yet.
    (AP, 7/12/07)
2007        Jul 12, Spanish Civil Guards heightened a battle over a $500 million treasure of gold and silver coins from a shipwreck when they seized the Ocean Alert, a vessel belonging to a Tampa, Fla.,-based company. The ship was released a week later.
    (AP, 7/12/07)(Econ, 7/21/07, p.51)

2007        Jul 13, The Great Canary Telescope, one of the most powerful in the world, began spying on the universe, using its 34-foot wide mirror to search for planets similar to our own from a mountaintop on one of Spain's Canary Islands. The Canary Island observatory said institutes in Mexico and the US collaborated in the project, involving more than 1,000 people in nearly 100 companies.
    (AP, 7/14/07)

2007        Jul 15, Spanish officials said police investigating a child pornography ring have arrested 66 people and seized computer hard drives containing 48 million photographs and video images. The nationwide sweep came after a 10-month investigation.
    (AP, 7/15/07)

2007        Jul 19, Up to 50 migrants were missing in rough seas south of the Canary Islands after their boat capsized.
    (AP, 7/19/07)

2007        Jul 21, Jesus de Polanco (77), chairman of Spain's main media group Prisa and one of the country's richest men, died in Madrid.
    (AFP, 7/21/07)

2007        Jul 23, Spain arrested Roberto Florez Garcia in Tenerife, the Canary Islands, for selling the identity of Spanish spies and other information about the intelligence agency from 2001 until he left the service in 2004. Police accused him of being a double agent for Russia.
    (AP, 7/24/07)(WSJ, 1/25/07, p.A1)

2007        Jul 24, Barcelona, Spain, faced Day Two of a major power outage.
    (AP, 7/24/07)

2007        Jul 25, Miguel Angel Moratinos, Spain’s Foreign Minister arrived in Algeria on a visit aimed at strengthening cooperation in energy and sorting out a row with Madrid's top gas supplier.
    (AP, 7/25/07)

2007        Jul 26, Juan Cruz Maiza, the alleged head of ETA’s logistics, was arrested in France along with two helpers.
    (Econ, 8/4/07, p.44)

2007        Jul 30, A raging forest fire has destroyed thousands of acres of woodland on Spain's Gran Canaria island and forced the evacuation of more than 2,000 people.
    (AP, 7/30/07)

2007        Aug 24, In Spain a van loaded with explosives blew up outside a police station in the Basque city of Durango, slightly injuring two officers in what appeared to be the first major attack by the separatist group ETA since it called off a cease-fire in June.
    (AP, 8/24/07)

2007        Sep 1, Police arrested four suspected members of the armed Basque separatist group ETA in south-west France, believed to be linked to the deadly Madrid airport bomb in December.
    (AP, 9/1/07)

2007        Sep 9, Shepherds from 32 countries joined their Spanish colleagues to lead flocks of sheep through the streets of downtown Madrid in defense of ancient grazing routes threatened by urban sprawl and manmade frontiers. Modern-day Madrid lies squarely in the way of two venerable north-south routes, one dating back to 1372.
    (AP, 9/9/07)

2007        Sep 20, Spain’s Interior Ministry said Spanish police and the FBI had arrested two Pakistani nationals in a joint operation in Madrid and Barcelona on suspicion of being involved in financing international terrorism. The men, identified as Anar Muhammad Shan and Preces Mehmood Sandhu, were also held on suspicion of belonging to a terrorist organization.
    (AP, 9/21/07)

2007        Oct 4, Spanish police arrested almost the entire leadership of Batasuna as the banned party held a meeting in the Basque town of Segura. The operation confirmed the hard line against ETA by the Socialist government of PM Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero since the armed group officially ended a 15-month-old ceasefire in June.
    (AP, 10/5/07)

2007        Oct 9, A car bomb exploded in the northern city of Bilbao in Spain's Basque Country, badly burning a man who worked as a bodyguard for a local politician.
    (Reuters, 10/9/07)

2007        Oct 24, Spanish police broke up an Islamic cell suspected of using the Internet to recruit fighters for the Iraq insurgency, arresting six people in raids near the northern city of Burgos.
    (AP, 10/24/07)

2007        Oct 28, The Vatican staged its largest mass beatification ceremony ever, putting 498 victims (1934-1937) of religious persecution before and during Spain's civil war on the path to possible sainthood.
    (AP, 10/28/07)

2007        Oct 31, Spanish lawmakers passed historic legislation condemning Gen. Francisco Franco's coup and nearly 40-year fascist dictatorship, brushing aside complaints from the conservative opposition that the bill would reopen old divides. 3 lead defendants in the 2004 Madrid terror bombings that killed 191 people were convicted of murder by the Spanish court. Four other top suspects were acquitted of murder but convicted of lesser charges. In all 21 of the 28 defendants were convicted.
    (AP, 10/31/07)

2007        Nov 7, Moroccan PM Abbas El Fassi condemned Spain's "occupation" of two disputed enclaves, in the wake of a visit by Spain's King Juan Carlos which prompted Rabat to recall its ambassador to Madrid.
    (AFP, 11/7/07)

2007        Nov 13, Two cartoonists who depicted Spain's crown prince having sex with his wife were convicted of insulting the heir to the throne and were fined $4,370 each.
    (AP, 11/13/07)

2007        Nov 16, In Spain negotiators concluded a policy guide for governments on global warming that declares climate change is here and is getting worse.
    (AP, 11/16/07)

2007        Dec 1, ETA gunmen shot and killed a Spanish policeman and seriously injured another in France, the first killing by the Basque separatist group in almost a year.
    (AP, 12/1/07)

2007        Dec 5, French police arrested two armed people in connection with a weekend shooting that left two Spanish officers dead in what authorities described as the first Basque-related killings in France in more than three decades.
    (AP, 12/5/07)

2007        Dec 6, Zimbabwean President Robert Mugabe arrived in Lisbon for an EU-Africa summit, which British Prime Minister Gordon Brown is boycotting because he would not "sit down at the same table" as him.
    (Reuters, 12/6/07)

2007        Dec 8, In Spain 53 African and 27 European countries began a summit to bury old colonial relationships in favor of something more modern. German Chancellor Angela Merkel challenged European and African leaders to confront human rights abuses in Zimbabwe, putting the country's president Robert Mugabe in the spotlight at an EU-Africa summit.
    (Econ, 12/8/07, p.54)(AP, 12/8/07)

2007        Dec 9, In Lisbon, Spain, Senegal's Pres. Abdoulaye Wade said most African leaders have rejected EU proposals for a free-trade deal that would replace colonial-era trading systems at a summit marred by disputes over Zimbabwe and Darfur. Africa and Europe's first summit in seven years ended without agreement on the key issue of trade.
    (AP, 12/9/07)(Reuters, 12/9/07)

2007        Dec 13, EU leaders signed the Treaty of Lisbon to reform the bloc's institutions and give it stronger leadership, marking the end of a difficult process that has lasted nearly a decade.
    (Reuters, 12/13/07)

2007        Dec 16, Spanish police said they had arrested 63 people across the country in five investigations into child pornography being posted, viewed and paid for on the Internet.
    (AP, 12/16/07)
2007        Dec 16, Spanish construction group BTP Sacyr Vallehermoso said it had created a joint company with the Libyan government to bid for infrastructure contracts there.
    (AP, 12/16/07)

2007        Dec 20, Spain banned parents from using corporal punishment on children.
    (WSJ, 12/21/07, p.A1)

2007        Dec 22, Spain's "El Gordo," the world's biggest lottery, gave out 2.2 billion euros ($3.2 billion) in Christmas prizes.
    (AP, 12/22/07)

2007        Dec 30, Spain’s Catholic bishops called some 150,000 people onto the streets of Madrid for a rally dubbed “Christian Family Day,” in opposition to Socialist PM Zapatero.
    (Econ, 1/12/08, p.46)

2008        Jan 12, Angel Gonzalez (82), one of Spain's most prominent poets and member of a literary generation known for its opposition to the dictatorship of Gen. Francisco Franco, died.
    (AP, 1/14/08)

2008        Jan 19, In Spain civil guard police found explosives and other equipment during raids on five addresses in Barcelona and arrested 12 Pakistanis and two Indians after receiving information from its own and other European intelligence agencies.
    (Reuters, 1/19/08)

2008        Feb 11, Spanish police arrested at least 13 members of the outlawed Basque separatist party Batasuna in a crackdown on groups linked to the armed organization ETA before next month's elections.
    (AP, 2/11/08)

2008        Feb 27, Spanish judges acquitted 20 Islamic terror suspects of the most serious charges in an alleged plot to blow up a court, but convicted them of lesser offenses.
    (AP, 2/27/08)

2008        Mar 1, In Spain thousands of pro-hunting demonstrators blowing bugles and accompanied by hunting dogs, thronged a boulevard in central Madrid to protest a law restricting the use of lead shot.
    (AP, 3/1/08)

2008        Mar 7, Both of Spain's major political parties called off all election campaigning nationwide after Isaias Carrasco, a former city councilman, was shot dead in the Basque region just two days before general elections.
    (AP, 3/7/08)

2008        Mar 9, Spaniards voted in a general election after a divisive campaign dominated by economic concerns. PM Zapatero won re-election as the Socialists gained five seats for a total of 169 in the 350-seat parliament. The opposition conservative Popular Party (PP) also gained five seats to reach 153, while smaller left-wing parties and some nationalist parties lost ground.
    (AP, 3/9/08)(AP, 3/10/08)(WSJ, 3/10/08, p.A1)

2008        Mar 16, Ola Brunkert (62), a former drummer for 1970s Swedish pop group ABBA, was found dead after an apparent accident in his house in Mallorca. He first played with ABBA on the group's first single, "People Need Love," and toured with the band in 1977, 1979 and 1980.
    (AP, 3/17/08)

2008        Mar 21, In Spain a car bomb exploded at a police barracks in the northern Rioja region following a warning from the Basque separatist organization ETA, injuring one person.
    (AFP, 3/21/08)

2008        Mar 24, Rafael Azcona (b.1926), Spanish novelist and scriptwriter, died. He was known for films such as the Oscar-winning comedy "Belle Epoque" and Luis Garcia Berlanga's "The Executioner."
    (AP, 5/21/08)(http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafael_Azcona)

2008        Apr 1, Pedro Zaragoza Orts (85), former Spanish mayor of Benidorm (1950-1967), died. In 1952 he allowed the newfangled bikinis everywhere in town. During his term he turned his town into a mecca for tourists from northern Europe.
    (Econ, 4/19/08, p.105)

2008        Apr 7, Spanish officials said 2 people in Spain have died of the human variant of mad cow disease, in the first such fatalities since 2005. The two new victims apparently contracted the disease prior to 2001 and health controls on livestock and meat production are much tighter now than they were then. Spain has reported more than 700 cases of mad cow disease since it was first detected in this country in 2000.
    (AP, 4/7/08)

2008        Apr 9, Spanish astronomers announced the discovery of "GJ 436T," the smallest planet discovered to date outside the solar system, located 30 light years from earth.
    (AFP, 4/9/08)

2008        Apr 12, Spain's re-elected PM Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero was sworn in for his second term. He announced a government which for the first time included more women than men and a female defense minister.
    (AFP, 4/12/08)

2008        Apr 17, In Spain a bomb exploded in the offices of the governing Socialist party in the northern Basque city of Bilbao, injuring seven police officers.
    (AP, 4/17/08)

2008        Apr 18,     Spain's newly re-elected government announced an 18-billion-euro plan to revive the economy, which is suffering a slowdown after a decade-long boom that had been the envy of the rest of Europe.
    (AP, 4/18/08)

2008        Apr 19, In southern Spain a crash of a bus filled with Finnish tourists left nine people dead near the resort town of Benalmadena. Police arrested the driver of the other vehicle, who was not seriously injured, after he failed a blood alcohol test.
    (AP, 4/20/08)

2008        Apr 20, Pirates off the Somali coast, armed with grenade launchers, stormed a Spanish tuna fishing boat, the Playa de Bakio, with 26 crew members.
    (AFP, 4/21/08)

2008        Apr 26, The Spanish government said the 26 crew members onboard the Playa de Bakio fishing boat, hijacked by pirates off the coast of Somalia nearly a week ago, have been freed. A maritime official said it was freed after a 1.2 million-dollar ransom was paid.
    (AP, 4/26/08)(AP, 4/27/08)

2008        May 1, Three bombs exploded in Spain's Basque region. No one was injured in the blasts, which police said were carried out by the separatist group ETA.
    (AP, 5/1/08)

2008        May 3, The Asian Development Bank, announced emergency funding to help poor countries struggling with rice prices that have nearly tripled in four months. The Manila-based organization made the announcement while meeting in Spain.
    (AP, 5/4/08)

2008        May 8, Spain formally laid claim to a shipwreck that yielded a $500 million treasure, saying it has proof the vessel was Spanish. Officials said the shipwreck at the heart of the dispute is the Nuestra Senora de las Mercedes, a Spanish warship sunk by the British navy southwest of Portugal in 1804 with more than 200 people on board.
    (AP, 5/8/08)

2008        May 14, In Spain a booby-trapped van exploded outside a civil guard barracks in the restive Basque country, killing one guard and wounding four others. The government blamed the attack on separatist group ETA.
    (AP, 5/14/08)

2008        May 17, Spanish police announced the arrest of five people this week suspected of hacking into or outright disabling thousands of Internet pages, some of them run by government agencies in the US, Latin America and Asia. Two of the suspects were 16 years old. The others were 19 or 20.
    (AP, 5/17/08)

2008        May 19, Suspected members of a Basque separatist group allegedly exploded a car bomb in a northern Basque town, causing considerable damage but no injuries.
    (AP, 5/19/08)

2008        May 20, Xavier Lopez Pena (49), the suspected leader of the Basque separatist group ETA, was detained along with three other suspected ETA members in a sweep on an apartment in the French city of Bordeaux just before midnight.
    (AP, 5/21/08)

2008        May 21, The interior ministers of Senegal and Spain signed an agreement extending cooperation between the west African nation and the EU border control agency Frontex to combat illegal immigration by one year.
    (AFP, 5/21/08)

2008        May 25, Spanish coastguard boats rescued 67 immigrants, including two corpses, from the sea near the Canary Islands.
    (AP, 5/25/08)

2008        Jun 5, Dutch police arrested Aqueel Ur Rehman Abbasi, a 26-year-old Pakistani man, sought in Spain on terrorism charges. He was arrested in his prison cell in Vught where he was being held by the immigration and naturalization services.
    (AFP, 6/6/08)

2008        Jun 10, Spanish officials announced the arrest of 8 suspected members of an Islamic extremist cell. The Europa Press news agency said the detainees were suspected of raising money for terrorist activities.
    (AP, 6/10/08)

2008        Jun 11, Spain deployed riot police to lift striking truckers' blockades of a border crossing with France and a major highway outside Madrid and made dozens of arrests.
    (AP, 6/11/08)

2008        Jun 13, A Spanish judge jailed six Algerians on provisional charges of aiding terror groups linked to al-Qaida in North Africa.
    (AP, 6/13/08)
2008        Jun 13, The US Embassy in Madrid said suspected Syrian arms dealer Monzer al-Kassar was extradited to the US. He was arrested in Spain in June 2007 as part of a US sting operation. The United States said he had plotted to buy weapons for leftist rebels in Colombia.
    (AP, 6/13/08)

2008        Jun 14, Zaragoza, Spain, opened a World Expo and expected some 6 million visitors. The expo was due to close on Sep 14.
    (SSFC, 3/25/07, p.G2)
2008        Jun 14, Spanish police said they had charged 20 people with exchanging child pornography online and arrested 14 others in a nationwide operation.
    (Reuters, 6/14/08)

2008        Jun 15, Rafael Del Pino Y Moreno (b.1920), Spain’s “King of the Bricks,” died. His Grupo Ferrovial SA built the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao and other emblematic infrastructure across Spain.
    (WSJ, 6/21/08, p.A6)

2008        Jun 25, Spain's parliament voiced its support for the rights of great apes to life and freedom in what will apparently be the first time any national legislature has called for such rights for non-humans.
    (Reuters, 6/25/08)

2008        Jun 27, In Spain the Basque parliament approved a plan for a regional referendum on self-determination, setting the stage for a confrontation with the central Spanish government in Madrid which has condemned the poll as illegal.
    (AP, 6/27/08)

2008        Jun 29, Spain’s soccer team beat Germany 1-0 to win the Euro 2008 finals.
    (www.guardian.co.uk/media/2008/jun/30/tvratings.television?gusrc=rss&feed=media)

2008        Jul 9, A Spanish patrol boat rescued 33 people and recovered one body from the boat off the coast of southern Almeria province. 15 African migrants, most of them small children, died of hunger, thirst or exposure as they drifted across the Mediterranean on the small, overcrowded boat.
    (AP, 7/10/08)

2008        Jul 14, Spain's biggest bank, Santander, said it had reached agreement to buy British lender Alliance and Leicester in an all-share deal worth 1.26 billion pounds (1.57 billion euros) as it continues its push into the British market.
    (AFP, 7/14/08)
2008        Jul 14, Spanish construction giant Martinsa-Fadesa announced in a filing with Spanish stock market regulators that it is seeking protection from creditors.
    (AP, 7/15/08)

2008        Jul 15, A plan for a referendum on self-determination in Spain's northern Basque Country became law in the region, setting the stage for a confrontation with the government in Madrid which has termed the poll illegal.
    (AP, 7/15/08)

2008        Jul 16, In Spain King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia kicked off an interfaith conference in Madrid, an effort to bring Muslims, Christians and Jews closer together amid a world that often puts the three faiths at odds.
    (AP, 7/16/08)

2008        Jul 18, In Spain, a spokesman said police in the southern city of Seville have been left red-faced after more than 100 kilos of drugs were stolen from police headquarters and replaced with talcum powder.
    (AFP, 7/18/08)
2008        Jul 18, In Spain a Saudi-organized conference of the world's great religions called for an international agreement to combat terrorism, "a universal phenomenon that requires unified international efforts."
    (AFP, 7/18/08)

2008        Jul 20, In northern Spain 4 bombs exploded at popular seaside resorts in Cantabria, after warning calls from the Basque separatist group ETA. No casualties were reported.
    (AP, 7/20/08)

2008        Jul 22, Spanish police dismantled the most active cell of the armed Basque separatist group ETA with the detention of nine suspected members of the group. Among those captured was Arkaitz Goikoetxea, the leader of the "Vizcaya" cell which Spanish authorities suspect was behind most of the attacks carried out by ETA since it called off a ceasefire in June 2007.
    (AFP, 7/22/08)

2008        Jul 26, In Spain Maria Remedios Garcia Albert (57) was arrested in San Lorenzo de el Escorial on suspicion of belonging to Colombia's FARC rebel group.
    (AP, 7/27/08)

2008        Jul 27, Spain's National Court jailed seven people on charges of belonging to a militant cell of the Basque separatist group ETA.
    (AP, 7/27/08)

2008        Jul 31, Venezuela’s Pres. Chavez said his government will nationalize Banco de Venezuela, the local unit of the Spanish banking giant Banco Santander.
    (WSJ, 7/31/08, p.A6)

2008        Aug 12, Spanish officials said local police acting on a tip-off from US authorities have seized 1.4 tons of cocaine and arrested eight South American suspects, 6 from Colombia and 2 from Venezuela.
    (AP, 8/12/08)

2008        Aug 14, American Airlines, British Airways and Iberia of Spain said they had signed an agreement to cooperate over flights between North America and Europe to help them overcome soaring fuel costs.
    (AP, 8/14/08)

2008        Aug 18, Equatorial Guinea's exiled opposition leader Severo Moto was released from a Spanish jail four months after he was detained for allegedly trying to send weapons to the oil-rich African nation.
    (AFP, 8/18/08)

2008        Aug 20, A Spanair MD-82 bound for the Canary Islands caught fire while trying to make an emergency landing just after departing from Madrid airport leaving 153 people dead. This was the nation's worst air disaster in nearly 25 years. The toll rose to 154 on Aug 23.
    (AP, 8/20/08)(AP, 8/21/08)(Reuters, 8/23/08)

2008        Aug 27, In Spain tens of thousands of people from around the world hurled tons of ripe tomatoes at each other in the annual food fight in the eastern Spanish town of Bunol.
    (AP, 8/27/08)

2008        Sep 1, A Spanish judge began gathering information about people who disappeared during Spain's civil war and subsequent dictatorship, seeking to produce a reliable list of victims slain away from the battlefield during the vicious fight between left and right.
    (AP, 9/2/08)

2008        Sep 3, Spanish authorities found 13 bodies and 46 survivors on a packed migrant boat near one of Spain's Canary Islands.
    (AP, 9/3/08)

2008        Sep 4, Spanish police arrested Vallejo-Guarin (47), a suspected Colombian drug trafficker, listed among the most wanted by the US Drug Enforcement Administration.
    (AP, 9/5/08)

2008        Sep 7-2008 Sep 8, Spanish police said immigrants went on a rampage in the southern Spanish town of Roquetas de Mar overnight, setting fire to homes and cars and throwing stones at police, after a Senegalese man (28) was stabbed to death in an apparent dispute over drugs. The Rampage continued for a 2nd night.
    (Reuters, 9/7/08)(AP, 9/8/08)

2008        Sep 19, Spain approved a decree under which it will pay jobless immigrants to go home, more evidence of how its once-booming economy has quickly gone bust.
    (AP, 9/19/08)

2008        Sep 21, In northeast Spain suspected Basque separatists threw petrol bombs at a police station in Ondorroa to lure officers outside before detonating a car bomb, which injured 10 people. The attack came only hours after a car bomb exploded in the regional capital of Vitoria. Nobody was injured. Authorities suspected ETA.
    (AFP, 9/21/08)

2008        Sep 22, In northern Spain a car bomb killed a soldier in the third attack in just over 24 hours by the Basque separatist group ETA.
    (AP, 9/22/08)

2008        Oct 1, Spanish police said they have staged their biggest ever operation against Internet child pornography, arresting 121 people suspected of involvement in a network that reached 75 countries. Some 800 police took part in Operation Carousel, an investigation that began last year in cooperation with Brazilian police.
    (AFP, 10/1/08)

2008        Oct 10, Spain's government insisted that a 30 billion euros ($41 billion) fund it will use to buy assets from banks starved for liquidity will have zero cost for taxpayers.
    (AP, 10/10/08)

2008        Oct 14, The World Conservation Congress ended in Barcelona, Spain. The meeting was awash in gloomy forecasts.
    (Econ, 10/18/08, p.68)

2008        Oct 16, Spain's leading judge agreed to investigate the disappearances of tens thousands of people during the 1936-39 civil war and the ensuing Franco dictatorship, many of whom are believed to be buried in mass graves. Spanish police arrested 13 men accused of harboring Islamic extremists and helping them flee the country, including several suspects in the Madrid terror bombings of 2004.
    (AFP, 10/16/08)(AP, 10/16/08)

2008        Oct 30, A powerful car bomb exploded at a university in the northern Spanish city of Pamplona, wounding 17 people and setting a building on fire in an attack blamed on Basque separatists.
    (AP, 10/30/08)

2008        Oct 31, Spain approved a measure to let descendants of people who fled into exile after its 1936-39 Civil War apply for Spanish citizenship. The government said it believes up to 500,000 children and grandchildren of such emigres are eligible. The government says 300,000 of those people live in Argentina.
    (AP, 11/1/08)

2008        Nov 3, Spain's government, grappling with soaring unemployment and an economy buffeted by the global credit crunch, announced a plan to help families make mortgage payments and reward businesses that hire.
    (AP, 11/3/08)

2008        Nov 4, Spain’s government reported that the number of people claiming unemployment benefits has jumped to 2.8 million (11.3%), the highest since 1996, in the latest devastating fallout from the international financial crisis.
    (AP, 11/4/08)

2008        Nov 7, European planemaker Airbus said that Spanish tourism company Grupo Marsans has signed a firm order for 61 aircraft worth almost $9 billion at list prices.
    (AP, 11/7/08)

2008        Nov 9, In western Afghanistan a Taliban suicide attacker rammed a bomb-filled minivan into a NATO military convoy, killing two Spanish soldiers and critically wounding another.
    (AFP, 11/9/08)
2008        Nov 9, Egyptian authorities denied entry to one of Osama bin Laden's sons and put him on a plane to Qatar, becoming the third country to reject the self-proclaimed "ambassador for peace." Omar Osama bin Laden (27) and his British wife, Zaina Alsabah (52), arrived at Cairo International Airport over the weekend after he unsuccessfully tried to seek political asylum in Spain.
    (AP, 11/9/08)

2008        Nov 17, French police arrested ETA's alleged military chief, the most wanted Basque separatist still at large and a man Spanish officials branded a "bloodthirsty terrorist." Miguel De Garikoitz Aspiazu Rubina (35), alias "Txeroki", was captured in Cauterets, a spa and ski resort in the Pyrenees near the border with Spain's autonomous Basque region. On Nov 24 Spain indicted Aspiazu and four other men over the car bombing at a Madrid airport parking garage on Dec. 30, 2006.
    (AFP, 11/17/08)(AP, 11/24/08)

2008        Nov 18, Spanish artist Miquel Barcelo unveiled his lavish, $23 million ceiling painting at the European headquarters of the United Nations in Switzerland, a project that has evoked controversy over its hefty price tag.
    (AP, 11/18/08)
2008        Nov 18, Spain's most famous judge abandoned a drive for a symbolic indictment of the late Gen. Francisco Franco and his regime, dropping a probe into atrocities committed during and after the country's ruinous civil war.
    (AP, 11/18/08)

2008        Nov 19, Spanish doctors reported the successful transplant to a woman of a new windpipe with tissue grown from her own stem cells, eliminating the need for anti-rejection drugs.
    (AP, 11/18/08)

2008        Nov 27, Spain's prime minister announced an euro11 billion ($14 billion) stimulus plan to revive the country's flagging economy.
    (AP, 11/27/08)
2008        Nov 27, In Spain novelist Juan Marse (75), known for his descriptions of hardship in Catalonia during the Spanish civil war (1936-1939), won the Cervantes Prize, the Spanish speaking world’s highest literary prize.
    (SFC, 11/28/08, p.E10)

2008        Dec 3, In Spain's northern Basque region suspected ETA separatists shot and killed a businessman in the first attack linked to the group since the arrest of its military chief last month.
    (AP, 12/3/08)

2008        Dec 11, As Greece suffered through its sixth day of violence, there were troubling signs of unrest spreading across Europe. Angry youths smashed shop windows, attacked banks and hurled bottles at police in small but violent protests in Spain and Denmark, while cars were set alight outside a consulate in France.
    (AP, 12/11/08)

2008        Dec 13, In northern Spain about 100 demonstrators, formerly jailed as members of the violent Basque group ETA, protested and called on the government to begin talks to end the region's long-running separatist conflict.
    (AP, 12/13/08)

2008        Dec 16, In Spain an unoccupied hotel on the resort island of Mallorca partially collapsed during remodeling work, killing four workers.
    (AP, 12/16/08)

2008        Dec 26, Spain approved a new provision that also allows anyone whose parents or grandparents were born in Spain but went overseas because of their political beliefs or economic hardship to become Spaniards.
    (AP, 12/29/08)

2008        Spain’s population reached 45 million, up from 40 million in 2000, mostly due to immigration. 12% of the population was foreign born, up from 3% in 1998.
    (Econ, 11/8/08, SR p.11,16)

2009        Jan 8, In Spain Leonidas Vargas (60), a convicted Colombian drug baron with links to two major smuggling cartels, was shot dead in a Madrid hospital.
    (AP, 1/8/09)

2009        Jan 19, An Atheist Bus Campaign's message, translated into Catalan, began appearing on two routes in Barcelona, with plans to extend the campaign to the rest of the country. A campaign with the concise message "There's probably no God. Now stop worrying and enjoy your life," took to the road in Britain this month. In Italy buses with the slogan "The bad news is that God does not exist. The good news is that we do not need him" will begin traversing the northern Italian city of Genoa on February 4.
    (AFP, 1/24/09)

2009        Jan 20, In Spain 6 people of Pakistani origin were arrested on suspicion of "fraud" in Barcelona. They were suspected of financing terrorist activities by carrying out thefts and sending money raised from criminal activities to Pakistan.
    (AFP, 1/20/09)

2009        Jan 24, A storm killed 11 people in Spain, including four children who were killed when a sports center collapsed near Barcelona, and four in France as high winds swept across Spain and southern France.
    (AP, 1/24/09)(AP, 1/25/09)

2009        Jan 26, Spain's Prado Museum named Asensio Julia as the workshop assistant believed mostly likely to have painted "Colossus" (1808-1912), a work that was once attributed to Francisco de Goya y Lucientes.
    (AP, 1/26/09)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Colossus)

2009        Feb 3, Spanish police arrested 13 people on suspicion of links to organized crime and terrorism groups.
    (AP, 2/3/09)

2009        Feb 9, Spain's interior minister blamed the armed Basque separatist group ETA for an explosion in the east of Madrid, which police said caused extensive damage but no casualties.
    (AP, 2/9/09)

2009        Feb 16, In Spain Samsung of South Korea unveiled the world's first solar-powered mobile phone at an industry show where the sector is showcasing the new technology it hopes will drive demand through the economic crisis.
    (AFP, 2/16/09)

2009        Feb 19, In Spain the mobile phone industry's biggest trade show wrapped up after four days that delivered exciting news for technophiles, average phone users and even environmentalists. During the show leading manufacturers announced an initiative to produce a standard charger that would fit all phones by 2012 in a step set to reduce waste and increase convenience.
    (AFP, 2/19/09)

2009        Feb 25, Spain’s Foreign Minister Miguel Angel Moratinos said Spain is open 'in principle' to accepting prisoners from the US prison camp at Guantanamo Bay.
    (AP, 2/25/09)

2009        Mar 1, In Spain Basque voters chose a new government. Socialists scored big electoral gains at the expense of nationalists who have held power there for nearly 30 years. The nationalist coalition with 37 seats fell one seat short of the needed majority.
    (AP, 3/1/09)(AP, 3/2/09)(SFC, 3/2/09, p.A2)

2009        Mar 10, Spanish police said they have arrested an Ecuadorian woman who tried to smuggle into Barcelona liquid cocaine hidden in spray cans of products to starch clothes or clean glass.
    (AFP, 3/10/09)

2009        Mar 19, Venezuela’s Pres. Chaves announced the nationalization of Banco de Venezuela, a unit of Spain’s Banco Santander SA.
    (WSJ, 3/20/09, p.A10)

2009        Mar 29, In Spain tens of thousands of demonstrators crowded central Madrid, chanting slogans against government plans to liberalize the country's abortion laws.
    (AP, 3/29/09)

2009        Apr 2, Morocco transferred to Spain Hassan Al Haski, an Islamist convicted in both countries for terrorist acts, apparently to resume serving time behind bars there.
    (AFP, 4/3/09)

2009        Apr 10, In France Ekaitz Sirvent Auzmendi (29), suspected of being a master forger for ETA, was captured by French and Spanish police as he got off a bullet train that had arrived from Bordeaux at the French capital's Montparnasse station.
    (AP, 4/11/09)

2009        Apr 11, Corin Tellado (81), a well-known Spanish author of more than 4,000 romance novels, died while celebrating the Easter holidays with her family.
    (AP, 4/11/09)

2009        Apr 18, French and Spanish security forces thwarted a new ETA attack with the arrest of Jurdan Martitegi, the military chief of the Basque separatist group, and seven other suspected members.
    (AFP, 4/19/09)(Econ, 4/25/09, p.56)

2009        Apr 27, Governments around the world acted to stem a possible flu pandemic, as a virus that has killed 103 people in Mexico and spread to North America was confirmed to have reached Europe. Spain's Health Ministry confirmed the country's first case of swine flu and said another 20 people are suspected of having the disease.
    (Reuters, 4/27/09)(AP, 4/27/09)

2009        May 3, In northwest Spain one member of the country’s second-place junior female volleyball team died and 12 others were injured, two seriously, in a bus crash. The Emeve de Lugo team had just arrived in Santiago de Compostela from the Canary Islands when their bus overturned.
    (AP, 5/3/09)

2009        May 5, In Spain Basque Socialist leader Patxi Lopez (49), expected to be sworn in as the Basque region's first non-nationalist president, vowed to wage a relentless fight against the armed separatist group ETA.
    (AP, 5/5/09)

2009        May 6, Spanish authorities said they have arrested 29 people suspected of forging credit cards to finance an elaborate scheme to smuggle Cubans into the US from Mexico.
    (AP, 5/6/09)

2009        May 14, In Spain a new study said the air in Madrid and Barcelona is laced with at least five drugs, including trace amounts of amphetamines, opiates, cannabinoids and lysergic acid, a relative of LSD. The tests were done in areas where drugs were likely to be consumed.
    (AP, 5/14/09)

2009        May 15, In Spain police arrested of Raffaele Amato, an alleged Camorra boss who investigators say was one of Italy's top cocaine importers.
    (AP, 5/19/09)

2009        May 19, A Spanish court sentenced three senior army officers to prison for knowingly misidentifying the bodies of 30 peacekeepers killed in a plane crash on May 26, 2003, in northwestern Turkey. 32 of the Spaniards were identified correctly but relatives of the other 30 got the wrong bodies.
    (AP, 5/19/09)

2009        May 27, In Spain some 100,000 people spilled onto the streets of the Catalan capital after Barcelona's 2-0 triumph over Manchester United in Rome. The carnival atmosphere turned ugly after midnight when youths began clashing with police around Las Ramblas, the city's most famous street. Police arrested 134 people and more than 150 were injured.
    (AFP, 5/28/09)

2009        Jun 4, British naturalist Sir David Attenborough won Spain's prestigious Prince of Asturias social sciences prize for his "great contributions to the defense of life and conservation of our planet."
    (AP, 6/4/09)

2009        Jun 17, American engineers Raymond Tomlinson (b.1941) and Martin Cooper (b.1928), who were instrumental in developing e-mail and mobile phones, won one of Spain's prestigious Prince of Asturias awards for revolutionizing the way people communicate.
    (AP, 6/17/09)

2009        Jun 19, In Spain a powerful bomb exploded near the Basque city of Bilbao, killing a policeman in an attack blamed on the separatist group ETA.
    (AP, 6/19/09)

2009        Jun 25, Spanish legislators voted to change a law that let judges indict Osama bin Laden and Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet, narrowing its scope to cases with a clear link to this country and yielding to criticism that Spain should not be a global cop.
    (AP, 6/25/09)

2009        Jul 1, In San Sebastian, Spain, a meeting was underway of five regional fisheries management organizations, tasked primarily with protecting tuna populations worldwide. The groups representing 80 countries met for the first time in two years to assess stocks of the fish and determine what more can be done to save the 23 tuna populations, nine of which are under threat.
    (AP, 7/1/09)

2009        Jul 2, Spain's intelligence chief, Alberto Saiz, resigned amid allegations he used government money to go on hunting and fishing trips and had staffers remodel his house.
    (AP, 7/2/09)

2009        Jul 4, A joint French-Spanish operation captured 3 suspected members of ETA in the French city of Pau.
    (SFC, 7/6/09, p.A2)

2009        Jul 7, Spanish police arrested Jorge Alberto Soza (72), an ex-Argentine police official suspected of human rights abuses committed during the South American country's dirty war. Soza was wanted in Argentina in connection with 18 cases of kidnapping and torture between 1975 and 1977 when he was an assistant Federal Police commissioner and chief delegate in the southern Argentine city of Neuquen.
    (AP, 7/24/09)

2009        Jul 10, In Spain charging bull gored a young Spanish man to death at Pamplona's San Fermin festival, the first such fatality in nearly 15 years. Nine others were injured in a particularly dangerous and chaotic chapter of the running of the bulls.
    (AP, 7/10/09)

2009        Jul 12, In Spain 10 people were injured, two of them seriously, in the Pamplona bull run, two days after a man was gored to death by a bull.
    (AP, 7/12/09)

2009        Jul 21, Mali's president's office announced that Spain plans to help Mali fight Al-Qaeda of the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM), which is active in the desert north of the west African nation.
    (AFP, 7/21/09)

2009        Jul 24, In Europe deadly summer wild fires spread across Spain, France, Italy and Greece with holidaymakers rescued from beaches and thousands of firefighters brought into the battle.
    (AFP, 7/24/09)

2009        Jul 29, In northern Spain a powerful car bomb destroyed a police barracks housing officers and their families in Burgos, injuring about 60 people and causing major damage in the surrounding area. The attack was blamed on the Basque separatist group ETA.
    (AP, 7/29/09)

2009        Jul 30, On the Spanish island of Majorca 2 civil guard officers were killed when their booby-trapped car exploded near a barracks.
    (AP, 7/30/09)

2009        Aug 4, Officials said a forest fire on the Canary Island of La Palma was brought under control and another that raged for two weeks in Spain's northern Catalonia region has been extinguished.
    (AP, 8/4/09)

2009        Aug 6, Juan Manuel Inciarte Gallardo (55), a suspected member of the armed Basque group ETA, was deported from Mexico and arrested in Spain, where he is wanted for allegedly killing five Spanish police officers and a pregnant wife of one of the officers. Inciarte allegedly took part in the slaying of the five police officers and the pregnant wife of one officer between 1983 and 1985. He was wanted on terrorism charges.
    (AP, 8/6/09)

2009        Aug 9, On the Spanish island of Mallorca a small bomb exploded in a restaurant, causing minor damage and no injuries. A caller, who said he was calling on ETA's behalf, warned of the bomb.
    (AP, 8/9/09)

2009        Aug 19, French police with Spanish help detained three suspected members of Basque separatist group ETA in a French Alps ski resort and seized material for making explosives, after a series of bombings claimed by the group on the Spanish island of Mallorca.
    (AP, 8/19/09)

2009        Aug 26, In Spain Bunol's town hall estimated more than 40,000 people, some from as far away as Japan and Australia, took up arms with 100 tons of tomatoes in the yearly food fight known as the "Tomatina," now in its 64th year.
    (AP, 8/26/09)

2009        Sep 9, Spain’s PM Rodriguez Zapatero told Parliament the 2010 budget would aim to raise overall taxes by 1.5% of GDP in order to help meet demands of the most needy. Unemployment, the worst in Europe, had reached 18% and was still climbing.
    (Econ, 9/12/09, p.58)

2009        Sep 10, Berlin won Spain's prestigious Prince of Asturias prize for its contribution to promoting peace and harmony.
    (AP, 9/10/09)

2009        Sep 11, Spain's government agreed to send 220 more troops to Afghanistan, raising the total to about 1,000.
    (AP, 9/11/09)
2009        Sep 11, In Spain Venezuela’s Pres. Chavez paid a brief courtesy call on King Juan Carlos and met briefly with PM Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero to discuss energy issues and Spanish investment in oil-rich Venezuela.
    (AP, 9/11/09)

2009        Sep 13, Bolivia's Pres. Evo Morales began a visit to Spain. His plans to nationalize Bolivia’s electricity sector and how this might affect Spanish companies will be among the top items on his agenda.
    (AP, 9/14/09)

2009        Sep 17, Spanish National Court Judge Ismael Moreno indicted three alleged ex-Nazi death camp guards, who are or were longtime residents of the United States, charging them with being accessories to genocide and crimes against humanity. Moreno issued international arrest warrants for the three: Johann Leprich, Anton Tittjung and Josias Kumpf. The 18-page indictment says Kumpf apparently lives now in Austria and other two in the US.
    (AP, 9/17/09)
2009        Sep 17, Spanish oil major Repsol YPF said it had discovered oil off the coast of Sierra Leone, its first find in the west African nation, along with its Australian, American and British partners.
    (AFP, 9/17/09)

2009        Sep 22, In Spain Julio Alberto Poch, an Argentine-born pilot for a low-cost airline, was arrested during a stopover in a Spanish airport on suspicion of piloting planes that carried hundreds of dissidents to their deaths during his country's 1976-1983 "dirty war." He was wanted for questioning in four probes of more than 1,000 deaths during his time as a pilot at the Navy Mechanics School.
    (AP, 9/23/09)
2009        Sep 22, A sharply divided EU failed to protect the threatened bluefin tuna, as the bloc's Mediterranean nations refused to back even a temporary a ban on catching the fish prized by sushi aficionados. Greece, Cyprus, Malta, Spain, France and Italy, with strong fishermen's lobbies at home, insisted on continuing the hunt despite the precarious state of the species. Conservation groups had earlier criticized the EU for not pushing to list the bluefin tuna under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species.
    (AP, 9/22/09)

2009        Sep 24, Spain said it has disqualified a group of Israeli academics from a solar power design competition because their university is in the West Bank, the latest in a series of low-level European sanctions against Israel over its settlement policy.
    (AP, 9/24/09)
2009        Sep 24, In Spain Garry Kasparov soundly defeated Anatoly Karpov in an exhibition chess match marking the 25th anniversary of their first title bout.
    (AP, 9/25/09)

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