Timeline Tanzania
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Tanzania is 364,000 sq. miles, the largest
country
in East Africa. The population was 29 million in 1998 with 45%
Christian
and 35% Muslim. English and Swahili were the official languages with
many
local languages.
(SFC, 8/8/98, p.A12)
Zanzibar is a limestone island 60 miles long and 20 miles
wide,
about 40 miles by boat from Dar es Salaam. The name comes from
Arabic
roots,
Zinj el Barr, meaning Black Coast or land of the black people.
Locals
call
it Unguja. A 2nd island is called Pemba.
(SFEC, 4/23/00, p.T6)(SSFC, 6/9/02, p.C12)
3.6Mil BC-3Mil BC A composite
skull of adult male, Australopithecus afarensis, was found in 1975
by M. Bush at Hadar, Ethiopia. In 1978-1979 Mary Leakey’s team
excavated a 75-foot long trail of 47 footprints, found at Laetoli,
Tanzania, most likely made by Australopithecus afarensis.
(NG, Nov. 1985, p.568)(Hem., Dec. '95,
p.24)(PacDisc, Spring ‘96, p.2)
1503 Zanzibar became a
Portuguese colony.
(TL-MB, p.8)
1698-1701 The Portuguese built the Old Fort in
Stone Town on Zanzibar to defend against the sultan of Oman.
(SFEC, 4/23/00, p.T6)
1700-1800s Over 100,000 slaves from Tanzania,
Kenya, Rwanda, Burundi, Malawi and Uganda were shipped into slavery
through Zanzibar to the Middle East and India.
(SFEC, 4/23/00, p.T7)
1840 Zanzibar became the
capital of Oman and the sultan ruled from Stone Town.
(SFEC, 4/23/00, p.T6)
1858 Feb, British explorers Sir
Richard Burton and John Speke (1827-1864) explored Lake Tanganyika,
Africa.
(www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/speke_john_hanning.shtml)
1863 Feb 15, Samuel and
Florence Baker encountered John Speke and James Grant at the
frontier village of Gondokoro (southern Sudan). Speke and Grant said
they had found the Nile’s headwaters at a lake they named Victoria
(Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda).
(ON, 10/01, p.9)
1864 Missionaries settled in
Zanzibar following a call by David Livingstone for volunteers to
fight the slave trade and help spread Christianity across Africa.
(SSFC, 6/9/02, p.C13)
1866-1886 Dr. John Kirk, a Scottish botanist,
served as the British representative on the island of Zanzibar. He
made great effort to abolish the local slave trade. In 2011 Alastair
Hazell authored “The Last Slave Market: Dr John Kirk and the
Struggle to End the African slave Trade.
(Econ, 8/6/11, p.72)
1870-1888 The Omani Sultan Barghash ruled in
Zanzibar.
(SFEC, 4/23/00, p.T7)
1871 Nov 10,
Journalist-explorer Henry M. Stanley found missing Scottish
missionary David Livingstone in Central Africa at Ujiji near
Unyanyembe on Lake Tanganyika. Stanley delivered his famous
greeting: "Dr. Livingstone, I presume?" Livingstone replied: "Yes,
and I feel thankful that I am here to welcome you." The two explored
Lake Tanganyika, but did not find the source of the Nile. When
Stanley left on March 14, 1872, he begged the doctor to return to
England with him, but Livingstone refused. He died in May 1873.
Stanley returned to Africa a year later, the first of many
subsequent African explorations.
(HFA, '96, p.42)(AP, 11/10/97)(HN, 11/10/98)(HNQ,
6/2/98)(HNPD, 11/10/98)
1873 May 1, David Livingstone
(60), British physician, explorer (Africa), died in Chitambo,
Zambia. His body passed through Zanzibar for a funeral in London in
Apr 18, 1874.
(MC, 5/1/02)(SSFC, 7/13/03, p.C9)
1873 Jun 5, Sultan Bargash
closed the slave market of Zanzibar. Missionaries bought the site
and began building an Anglican cathedral.
(SSFC, 6/9/02, p.C13)(MC, 6/5/02)
1882 In Zanzibar the Maruhubi
Palace was built for the Omani Sultan Barghash. It burned down in
1899.
(SFEC, 4/23/00, p.T7)
1883 In Zanzibar the
Beit-el-Ajaib, House of Wonders, was built in Stone Town by an Omani
sultan.
(SFEC, 4/23/00, p.T6)
1887-1891 German colonial administrators made
Bagamoyo, Tanzania, their capital.
(SSFC, 7/13/03, p.C9)
1896 A renegade cousin of the
deceased sultan attempted to wrest power from British colonialist
and the Zanzibar House of Wonders was bombed by the British.
(SSFC, 6/9/02, p.C13)
1901 Feb 23, Britain and
Germany agreed on a boundary between German East Africa [later
Tanganyika, Rwanda and Burundi] and Nyasaland [later Malawi].
(HN, 2/23/98)(WUD, 1994, p.593,990)
1904 Market Hall was built in
Zanzibar City.
(SSFC, 6/9/02, p.C12)
1907 The British forced the
abolition of slavery on the new Sultan of Zanzibar.
(SSFC, 4/15/01, p.T7)
1911 The British took over the
Zanzibar House of Wonders for government offices.
(SSFC, 6/9/02, p.C13)
1913 The German Tendaguru
expedition to East Africa (later Tanzania) yielded a huge collection
of dinosaur bones from the late Jurassic. The collection was taken
to the Berlin Museum of Natural History.
(WSJ, 1/31/03, p.A1)
1946 Apr, The British Labour
government authorized a mission to visit suitable sites in its
Tanganyika colony to cultivate groundnuts. The British Labour
government of Clement Attlee had come up with a plan to cultivate
tracts of what later became Tanzania with peanuts in a plan that
came to be called the Tanganyika Groundnut Scheme. It was abandoned
at considerable cost to the taxpayers when it did not become
profitable.
(AP,
6/1/09)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanganyika_groundnut_scheme)
1946-1961 The Tanganyika Territory was a British
trusteeship.
(WUD, 1994, p.1452)
1960 Archbishop Trevor
Huddleston (d.1998 at 84) was made Bishop of Masasi, Tanzania, and
spent 8 years there.
(SFC, 4/21/98, p.A26)
1960 The state hospital at Dar
es Salaam, Tanzania, was built.
(Econ, 1/3/04, p.34)
1960 Jane Goodall began her
study of chimpanzees in the Gombe reserve of Tanzania.
(SFEC, 12/15/96, zone 1 p.3)
1961 The British Trust
Territory of Tanganyika became independent. It became the mainland
part of Tanzania. The first president was socialist Julius Nyerere.
He resigned in 1985.
(WUD, 1994, p.1452)(SFC, 8/8/98, p.A12)(SFC,
10/15/99, p.D7)
1961-1985 Pres. Julius Nyerere bankrupted Tanzania
by forcing peasants into collectives. During his rule he declared
water to be free, which led to it being squandered.
(Econ, 4/16/05, p.40)(Econ, 11/11/06, p.67)
1963 Jun 24, Zanzibar was
granted internal self-government by Britain.
(MC, 6/24/02)
1964 Jan 12, Leftist rebels in
Zanzibar, soon joined with Tanganyika to form Tanzania, began their
successful revolt against the government. The socialist uprising
unseated Sultan Jamshid and was fatal to thousands of Indian and
Arabian gentry.
(AP, 1/12/98)(SSFC, 6/9/02, p.C12)
1964 Feb 23, The U.S. and
Britain recognized the new Zanzibar government.
(HN, 2/23/98)
1964 Apr 22, The islands of
Zanzibar and Pemba joined the former British colony of Tanganyika to
form the republic of Tanzania. Zanzibar consists of the Pemba and
Unguja islands. It has its own president and legislation but also
votes in the Tanzanian presidential and National Assembly elections.
(WSJ, 12/13/96, p.A1)(WUD, 1994, p.1453)(SFC,
11/7/00, p.B2)(MC, 4/22/02)
1965 Feb 26, West Germany
ceased military aid to Tanzania.
(SC, 2/26/02)
1967 Sep, The government
delegations of China, Tanzania and Zambia held talks in Beijing and
formally signed the "Agreement of the Government of the People's
Republic of China, the Government of the United Republic of Tanzania
and the Government of the Republic of Zambia on the Construction of
the Tanzania-Zambia Railway".
(www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/ziliao/3602/3604/t18009.htm)
1967 The East African Community
(EAC) of Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda established a common shilling.
The EAC lasted only a decade as cooperation fizzled. The project was
revived in 1999 and expanded in 2007 to include Burundi and Rwanda.
(WSJ, 1/13/98, p.A1)(Econ, 9/5/09, p.52)
1967 An Indian geologist
identified a local gemstone from the Mererani region near Mount
Kilimanjaro as a rare form of the mineral zoisite. He determined
that it turned blue at 400 degrees F. Tiffany & Co. named it
“tanzanite.”
(WSJ, 11/16/01, p.A1)
1968 Julius K. Nyerere
(1922-1999), the first president of Tanzania (1964-1985), authored
Ujamaa: Essays on Socialism.” He coined the economic policy called
ujamaa, a Swahili word for togetherness or family and fused the
country’s 120 tribes into a cohesive state.
(www.nathanielturner.com/ujamaanyerere.htm)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Nyerere)(WSJ,
12/10/96, p.A6)
1968 In Tanzania Campbell
Bridges (1937-2009), Scottish-born geologist, became the first to
record the discovery of the gemstone-quality tsavorite a green gem
that shines even before polishing. The gem was later mined in Kenya
and Tanzania.
(AP, 8/13/09)
1970 Oct, China began
construction of the 1,160 mile Tazara Railway between Lusaka, Zambia
and the Tanzanian port of Dar es Salaam. China brought in its own
workers for the project, which in 1976 finished ahead of schedule.
(www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/ziliao/3602/3604/t18009.htm)(Econ, 10/28/06,
p.54)
1972 Apr 7, Sheik Abeid Amane
Karume, Zanzibari vice-president of the republic of Tanzania, was
assassinated.
(Econ, 12/13/03,
p.43)(www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3404703463.html)
1976 Jul, China completed the
construction of a railway between Tanzania and Zambia.
(Econ, 2/7/04,
p.45)(www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/ziliao/3602/3604/t18009.htm)
1976 Human type footprints were
found at Laetoli, Tanzania. In 1978-79 Mary Leakey’s team excavated
the 75-foot long trail of 47 footprints most likely made by
Australopithecus afarensis.
(www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A944336)(PacDisc, Spring
‘96, p.2)
1978 Oct 30, Uganda troops
attacked Tanzania. Uganda under Idi Amin went on to annex a
700-square-mile section of Tanzania. Pres. Nyerere sent Tanzanian
soldiers and Ugandan exile volunteers to push back Amin's forces.
(SFC, 10/15/99,
p.D7)(www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/08/16/1060936102425.html)
1978 Nov 1, Uganda, following
its invasion into Tanzania, formally annexed a section across the
Kagera River boundary.
(www.onwar.com/aced/chrono/c1900s/yr75/ftanzaniauganda1978.htm)
1979 Apr 11, Idi Amin was
deposed as president of Uganda as rebels and exiles backed by
Tanzanian forces seized control of Kampala. Amin escaped to Libya
and settled into exile in Saudi Arabia.
(AP, 4/11/97)(SFC, 10/15/99,
p.D7)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idi_Amin)
1979 In Tanzania 2 new
varieties of cassava root were introduced. They were more resistant
to draught and more poisonous in raw form.
(NH, 7/96, p.13)
1980 Apr 1, The southern
African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC) was established
by 9 countries with the Lusaka declaration (Angola, Botswana,
Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe).
The main aim was coordinating development projects in order to
lessen economic dependence on apartheid South Africa. On
August 17, 1992, it was transformed into the Southern African
Development Community (SADC). By 2008 it included 15 members.
(www.sadc.int/index/browse/page/52)
1985 In Tanzania Mr. Nyerere
retired and left his chosen successor, Hassan Mwinyi, winner of a
one party election, to open the economy. Mwinyi ruled to 1995.
(WSJ, 12/10/96, p.A6)(Econ, 9/1/07, p.44)
1991 Nov 24, Freddie Mercury
(45), Zanzibar-born rock singer, died in London of pneumonia brought
on by AIDS. Mercury and the rock group Queen made the 1975 hit
"Bohemian Rhapsody."
(AP, 11/24/01)(SSFC, 11/10/02, p.A2)
1993 The government invited
Ocelot and TransCanada Pipelines to transport natural gas from the
Indian Ocean island of Songo Songo. It was to be completed in 1998.
(WSJ, 12/10/96, p.A6)
1993 Aug 4, Rwandan Hutu's and
Tutsi's negotiated power-sharing agreement in Arusha, Tanzania. It
was viewed as a sellout by extremist leaders of the Hutu majority.
(WSJ, 11/15/96, p.A16)(MC, 8/4/02)
1993 In a privatization drive
part of the government stake in Safari beer was sold to a South
African company.
(WSJ, 12/10/96, p.A1)
1993 Monique A. Maddy (31)
launched her African Communications Group. The plan was to establish
a voice-mail only communications system using wireless hardware. By
1998 the operation grew to 1,000 wireless phones and 55 employees
with plans for expansion to Ghana and Sri Lanka.
(WSJ, 9/25/98, p.B1)
1994 Apr 6, The presidents of
Rwanda and Burundi were killed on a return trip from Tanzania in a
mysterious plane crash near Kigali, Rwanda; widespread violence
erupted in Rwanda over claims the plane had been shot down: Agatha
Uwilingiyimana, Rwanda’s and Africa’s 1st female PM, Cyprian
Niayamira (Ntaryamira), president of Burundi (1993-94) and Juvenal
Habyarimana, president of Rwanda (1973) were killed. In Rwanda the
Interhamwe, an extremist organization, and the Rwandan armed forces,
FAR, launched a massacre of Tutsis and sympathizers that killed some
800,000. [see Aug 1, 1997] A French report in 2004 concluded that
Paul Kagame, Tutsi rebel leader, was behind the crash. In 2010 a
Rwandan government-commissioned inquiry said Rwandan Hutu soldiers
shot down the Hutu president's plane and sparked the slaughter of
more than 500,000 people. In 2012 a French judge determined that the
missile fire that brought down the Rwandan president's plane and
sparked the country's genocide came from a military camp, and not
Tutsi rebels. This finding supported the theory that Habyarimana was
killed by extremist members of his own ethnic Hutu camp.
(WSJ, 11/15/96, p.A16)(SFC, 2/21/97, p.A26)(AP,
4/6/99)(SFC, 2/11/04, p.A8)(AP, 1/12/10)(AFP, 1/11/12)
1994 Apr 29, Hundreds of
thousands of refugees fleeing the terror of ethnic massacres in
Rwanda were pouring into Tanzania.
(AP, Internet, 4/29/99)
1994 Apr 30, Some 100,000 men,
women and children fleeing ethnic slaughter in Rwanda crossed into
neighboring Tanzania. In Rwanda Tutsis were singled out, abducted
and massacred at a convent close to an army camp. In 2010 in
Tanzania the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda handed down
a life sentence to Ildephonse Hategekimana, a lieutenant from the
former Rwandan army, for ordering the massacre. He was found guilty
of genocide, murder and rape.
(AP, 4/30/99)(AFP, 12/6/10)
1994 Jun, In Tanzania 43 girls
died in a fire at Shauritanga school near Mount Kilimanjaro.
(AP,
8/24/09)(http://70.84.171.10/~etools/newsbrief/1994/news0620)
1994 Jul 18, In Rwanda the
Tutsi rebel movement (RPF) under Tutsi rebel leader Paul Kagame took
power. It promised to rebuild the courts and execute the guilty for
the slaughter of an estimated 500-800 thousand Tutsis. Two million
refugees, mostly Hutus, fled to refugee camps in Zaire and Tanzania.
Kagame studied at the US Army Command and General Staff College at
Fort Leavenworth in 1990. In 2005 Jean Hatzfeld, French journalist,
authored “Machete Season: The Killers in Rwanda Speak.”
(SFC, 417/96, p.A-9)(SFC, 8/9/96, p.A10)(SFC,
10/22/96, p.B1)(WSJ, 11/15/96, p.A16)(AP, 7/18/99)(SSFC, 6/26/05,
p.C3)
1995 Mar 30, Tens of thousands
of Rwandan refugees, fleeing violence in Burundi, began a two-day
trek to sanctuary in Tanzania.
(AP, 3/30/00)
1995 Nov, In Tanzania Pres.
Benjamin William Mkapa took office after being elected president for
5 years in the country’s first multiparty vote. Mkapa ruled to 2005.
(WSJ, 12/10/96, p.A1)(SFC, 8/8/98, p.A12)(Econ,
9/1/07, p.44)
1995 The ruling party faced its
first big challenge in 30 years.
(WSJ, 10/30/95, p.A-1)
1995 Opposition Civic United
Front (CUF) supporters believed that the ruling Party of the
Revolution (CCM) stole the 1995 elections in Zanzibar.
(Econ, 11/5/05, p.51)
1996 Jan 25, 12,000 Rwandan
refugees fleeing army attacks in Burundi allowed to enter.
(WSJ, 1/25/96, A-1)
1996 May 21, A Tanzanian ferry
sank on Lake Victoria and at least 615 people, many of whom were
students, were killed. Pres. Mkapa called the sinking a national
disaster. The ferry, MV Bukoba with capacity for 441, was traveling
from Bukoba to Mwanza. 563 of the 663 aboard were presumed dead.
(WSJ, 5/22/96, p.A-1)(SFC, 5/22/96, p.A8)(WSJ,
5/23/96, p.A-1)(AP, 5/21/97)
1996 Aug, After the Burundi
coup of Jul 25, former Tanzanian Pres. Julius Nyerere led East
African leaders to impose sanctions on Burundi and force Buyoya to
restore democratic rule.
(SFC, 9/25/96, p.A9)
1996 Dec 14, Rwandan refugees,
who previously refused to return home, began re-entering Rwanda
after 2 1/2 years in Tanzania.
(AP, 12/14/02)
1997 Jan, It was reported that
the lion population had fallen by about a third in the Serengeti
National park due to distemper in dogs that transmitted up the food
chain. More than 1,000 lions had died over the last 2 years.
(SFC, 1/18/96, p.A16)
1997 Mar 22, In Tanzania the
worst drought in 40 years was reported.
(SFC, 3/22/97, p.A4)
1998 Apr 13, It was reported
that at least 90 miners were feared dead after heavy rains the
previous week caused 14 pits to collapse near Arusha. They were
mining for tanzanite, a gem used in jewelry.
(WSJ, 4/13/98, p.A1)
1998 May 15, Three African
nations, Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania, announced plans for an
economic, political and social union.
(SFC, 5/16/98, p.A11)
1998 Jun 27, It was reported
that some 22,000 Indian house crows had been trapped and killed over
the past year. They were introduced into East Africa in the late
19th century and had become a significant pest.
(SFC, 6/27/98, p.A7)
1998 Aug 7, Two powerful bombs
exploded at the US embassies in Nairobi, Kenya and Dar es Salaam,
Tanzania. At least 147 [244-247] people were killed and over 4,800
were injured. 11 [12] of the dead were Americans. In Nairobi at
least 53 buildings were damaged. The adjacent Ufundi Cooperative
House was demolished and the 22-story Cooperative Bank House had all
its windows shattered. Haroun Fazil of the Comoros Islands was later
the 3rd bombing suspect to be charged in the Kenya bombing. Ali
Mohamed, a former US Army sergeant, was involved in the US Embassy
bombings. In 2000 he pleaded guilty for his role under the direction
of Osama bin Laden. In 2001 Mohamed Rashed Daoud Al-‘Owhali (24) of
Saudi Arabia, Khalfan Khamis Mohamed (27) of Tanzania, Wadi El-Hage
(40) of Texas, and Mohamed Sadeek Odeh (36) of Jordan were convicted
on 302 counts. In 2007 Walid Muhammad bin Attash told a military
tribunal at Guantanamo that he was responsible for organizing the
2000 Cole attack in Yemen as well as the 1998 bombings in Kenya and
Tanzania.
(SFC, 8/8/98, p.A1)(SFEC, 8/9/98, p.A1)(WSJ,
9/18/98, p.A1)(AP, 8/7/99)(SFC, 10/21/00, p.A1)(SFC, 5/30/01,
p.A13)(SFC, 9/21/01, p.A1)(SFC, 3/20/07, p.A3)
1998 Aug 8, A group called the
Liberation Arm of the Islamic Sanctuaries claimed responsibility and
threatened more attacks. Israeli troops began to arrive to assist in
rescue efforts.
(SFC, 8/8/98, p.A1)(SFEC, 8/9/98, p.A1)(SFC,
8/10/98, p.A13)
1998 Aug 8, Pres. Clinton in
weekly radio address vowed the bombers of 2 US embassies in Africa
would be brought to justice, "no matter how long it takes or where
it takes us.''
(AP, 8/8/99)
1998 Aug 9, Americans, Kenyans
and Tanzanians held church and memorial services to mourn those
killed in bombing attacks on two U.S. embassies.
(AP, 8/9/99)
1998 Sep 21, In Dar es Salaam
Mustafa Mahmoud Said Ahmen of Egypt and Rashid Saleh Hemed of
Tanzania were charged with murder in connection with the bombing of
the US Embassy.
(SFC, 9/22/98, p.A6)
1998 Sep 23, Transparency
Int’l, an int’l. good-government advocacy group, said that Cameroon
is viewed as the most corrupt of the 85 countries rated. Nigeria,
Tanzania, Honduras and Paraguay filled out the bottom five. Denmark,
Finland and Sweden were seen as having the cleanest political
systems.
(WSJ, 9/23/98, p.B17)
1998 Oct 24, A shipment of
10,000 books bound for Tanzania and Zanzibar left SF. The shipment
was based on a donation by Berkeley Prof. Ed Ferguson with help from
the Int’l. Longshore and Warehouse Union.
(SFC, 10/23/98, p.A23)
1998 Nov 11, It was reported
that Pfizer and the Edna McConnell Clark Foundation initiated a $66
million effort to attack trachoma, a disease of the eye caused by
chlamydia. A one-gram dose of zithromax given once a year would
treat the disease. Focus was to be on Ghana, Mali, Morocco, Tanzania
and Vietnam.
(SFC, 11/11/98, p.D6)
1998 Dec 16, Federal
prosecutors in NYC charged 5 men in the Aug 7 bombing of the
American Embassy in Tanzania. Mustafa Mohamed Fadhil of Egypt,
Khalfan Khamis Mohamed and Ahmed Khalfan Ghailani of Tanzania, and
Fahid Mohammed Ally Msalam and Sheik Ahmed Salim Swedan of Kenya. A
6th man, “Ahmed the German,” detonated the explosive device and was
killed.
(SFC, 12/17/98, p.C2)
1998 Rick Ridgeway authored
“The Shadow of Kilimanjaro,” an account of his trek from the top of
the mountain, through the Tsavo national park and to the shores of
the Indian Ocean.
(SFEC, 10/11/98, p.T8)
1999 Jan 19, In Burundi rebels
based in Tanzania killed 59 civilians in Makamba. In Muresi Hill 76
civilians were killed.
(SFC, 1/29/99, p.E9)
1999 Mar 30, Tanzania arrested
a former Rwanda army officer suspected in the killing of 10 Belgian
peacekeepers in 1994. The officer was freed Mar 29 by a UN war
crimes tribunal.
(WSJ, 3/31/99, p.A1)
1999 Sep 1, In Tanzania a
charter plane carrying 10 American tourists from Serengeti National
Park crashed on Mount Meru. 12 people were confirmed dead.
(SFC, 9/2/99, p.A15)(WSJ, 9/3/99, p.A1)
1999 Oct 14, Former Pres.
Julius Nyerere (77) died in London from a massive stroke. He was
called Mwalimu, the Swahili word for teacher.
(SFC, 10/14/99, p.A14)(SFC, 10/15/99, p.D7)
1999 Nov 22, In Tanzania it was
reported that some 500 people per day were fleeing into the country
from Burundi as fighting in Burundi intensified.
(SFC, 11/23/99, p.A16)
1999 Dec 6, In Tanzania a UN
court convicted Georges Rutaganda on 3 of 8 charges of genocide
against Tutsis committed when he was vice president of the
Interhamwe death squads in Rwanda in 1994.
(SFC, 12/7/99, p.B2)
1999-2003 Carla Del Ponte, a Swiss prosecutor,
served as chief prosecutor of the Rwandan tribunal based in
Tanzania.
(Econ, 1/24/09, p.89)
2000 Feb 21, In Tanzania
African presidents and European ministers appealed to Burundi's
leaders to negotiate a swift end to the civil war.
(SFC, 2/22/00, p.A9)
2000 Oct 5, In Tanzania 18
people died and 39 were injured as a bus swerved to avoid a
presidential motorcade and hit a crowd of people.
(WSJ, 10/6/00, p.A1)
2000 Oct 29, In Tanzania
elections were held. The leader of Zanzibar charged that ballots
were kept from opposition strongholds. Police later fired on
protesters and officials agreed to rerun voting in 16 of 50
districts.
(WSJ, 10/30/00, p.A1)(WSJ, 10/31/00, p.A1)
2000 Nov 6, In Zanzibar the
ruling Chama Cha Mapinduzi won 34 of the 50 seats in the House of
Representatives. The opposition Civic United Front took the
remaining 16 seats.
(SFC, 11/7/00, p.B2)
2000 Nov 8, In Tanzania the
National Electoral Commission announced that Pres. Benjamin Mkapa
had won the Oct 29 multi-party elections with 71.7% of the vote. In
Zanzibar Amani Karume was declared president.
(SFC, 11/9/00, p.C5)(WSJ, 11/8/00, p.A1)
2000 Nov 22, In Tanzania the
state power company, Tanesco, announced rationing measures with
power cuts 8-16 hours per day until March. $61 million in bills were
unpaid, mostly from government offices.
(SFC, 11/23/00, p.D6)
2001 Jan 3, In Tanzania 6 armed
men attacked a ferry with 50 passengers in Lake Tanganyika and 3
were shot to death including a 3-year-old girl. Male passengers were
ordered to jump into the lake and 5 bodies were later recovered. 20
were feared drowned. 5 gunmen were later arrested
(SFC, 1/8/01, p.A10)(SFC, 1/9/01, p.A15)
2001 Jan 15, In East Africa the
presidents of Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda formed a regional
partnership, reviving one that collapsed in 1978.
(SFC, 1/16/01, p.A10)
2001 Jan 28, Weekend clashes in
Zanzibar (Tanzania) killed 39 opposition supporters as protesters
demanded new elections.
(WSJ, 1/29/01, p.A1)(Econ, 12/13/03, p.43)
2001 Jan 29, Tanzanian police
regained control in Zanzibar following weekend street battles that
left 40 people dead.
(WSJ, 1/30/01, p.A1)
2001 Jun 15, The US cancelled
$16 million of Tanzania’s debt and committed to canceling the
remaining $10 million by the end of the year.
(SFC, 6/16/01, p.A7)
2002 Jun 20, In northern
Tanzania more than 30 people may have suffocated deep inside a
tanzanite mine in northern Tanzania after an oxygen pump failed.
(AP, 6/20/02)
2002 Jun 24, In central
Tanzania a passenger train rolled backward into an oncoming freight
train, killing at least 288 people.
(AP, 6/24/02)(AP, 6/25/02)(AP, 6/28/03)
2002 Jul 5, The United States
has forgiven all of the remaining $21.3 million in debt owed by the
Tanzanian government, the U.S embassy said.
(AP, 7/5/02)
2002 Nov 17, In the Mbeya
region of southwestern Tanzania at least 19 prisoners died from
suffocation in an overcrowded jail cell.
(AP, 11/19/02)
2003 Mar 3, In Tanzania
a new U.S. Embassy opened in Dar Es Salaam, replacing the one
destroyed 4 ½ years ago when terrorists launched attacks.
(AP, 3/4/03)
2003 Jul 7, In northwestern
Tanzania a bus rolled several times after one of its front tires
burst, killing at least 19 people and injuring 23 others.
(AP, 7/8/03)
2003 Nov 5, Two buses collided
in northern Tanzania, killing at least 25 people.
(AP, 11/5/03)
2004 Jan 3, In Tanzania life
expectancy was 43 years and the infant mortality rate was one of the
highest in the world.
(Econ, 1/3/04, p.34)
2004 Jul 15, In Tanzania the
International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) sentenced former
finance minister Emmanuel Ndindabahizi to life imprisonment for his
role in the east African country's 1994 genocide.
(AP, 7/15/04)
2004 Jul 25, Pakistan arrested
Ahmed Khalfan Ghailani, a Tanzanian al-Qaida suspect, wanted by the
United States in the 1998 bombings at U.S. embassies in Kenya and
Tanzania.
(AP, 7/29/04)
2004 Jul, In Tanzania over
10,000 flamingos died at the Lake Manyara National Park. Officials
were puzzled and no other wildlife appeared affected.
(SFC, 7/24/04, p.B10)
2004 Aug 4, In southern
Tanzania some 22 villagers appeared in court on charges of killing 7
people who allegedly practiced witchcraft. Villagers said the
witches cut off the sexual organs of dead villagers and used them to
concoct charms intended to bring good harvests and fortune.
(AP, 8/5/04)
2004 Nov 20, Fifteen African
presidents and UN chief Kofi Annan signed a common declaration in
Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, to promote peace and security in the Great
Lakes region.
(AFP, 11/20/04)
2004 Some 50,000 Barabaig, a
remnant of the Datoga people, lived in central Tanzania. They were
semi-nomadic herders by tradition, but since 1961 the government had
appropriated much of their traditional grazing land for agricultural
development.
(NG, 7/04, p.80)
2004 Dr. Frank Artress and his
wife Susan Gustafson, formerly from Modesto, Ca., established the
Foundation for African Medicine and Education (FAME) in Tanzania.
Their decision to work in Africa followed a spiritual transformation
during a climb on Mt. Kilimanjaro, during which Artress was rescued
by his native crew.
(SSFC, 5/4/08, p.A17)(www.fameafrica.org)
2005 Apr 27, A UN tribunal in
Tanzania sentenced Mika Muhimana, a former local government official
in western Rwanda, to imprisonment for the rest of his life for
shooting to death and raping mostly Tutsi victims during the 1994
genocide.
(AP, 4/28/05)
2005 May 20, British scientists
reported the discovery of a new species of monkey in Tanzania, the
Lophocebus kipunji.
(SFC, 5/21/05, p.A1)
2005 Oct 16, In Tanzania 4
British tourists and a Canadian pilot who were killed in a weekend
plane crash in the western part of the country.
(AFP, 10/18/05)
2005 Oct 30, Zanzibar police
and ruling party militia chased opposition supporters through the
streets as voters chose between the socialists who have ruled
semiautonomous state for more than 30 years and an opposition group
promising wholesale change. Voting in national and regional
elections on mainland Tanzania was postponed to Dec. 18 because of a
vice presidential candidate's death. Official results named
incumbent Amani Karume of the ruling Party of the Revolution (CCM)
the winner with 53% of the vote.
(AP, 10/30/05)(Econ, 11/5/05, p.51)
2005 Nov 1, Police surrounded
opposition headquarters and clashed with protesters on the
semiautonomous archipelago of Zanzibar (Tanzania) as the ruling
party was declared the winner of presidential and parliamentary
elections. 9 people died in related violence and the opposition made
allegations of rigging.
(AP, 11/1/05)(WSJ, 11/2/05, p.A1)
2005 Nov 8, Callixte
Kalimanzira (52), a suspected leader of Rwanda's 1994 genocide,
surrendered in Tanzania to the international court trying the
architects of the slaughter.
(AP, 11/8/05)
2005 Nov 14, In Tanzania
Calixte Kalimanzira, a man who served as Rwanda's interior minister
during the slaughter of more than half a million people in 1994,
pleaded not guilty to three counts of genocide and crimes against
humanity.
(AP, 11/14/05)
2005 Dec 7, A UN court in
Tanzania trying masterminds of Rwanda's genocide convicted Paul
Bisengimana, former mayor of Gikoro, for abetting the 1994
slaughter, but dropped three counts including genocide.
(AP, 12/07/05)
2005 Dec 13, A UN tribunal
convicted former Lt. Col. Aloys Simba, a retired Rwandan army
officer, of genocide and sentenced him to 25 years in prison for
participating in the slaughter of ethnic minority Tutsi.
(AP, 12/13/05)
2005 Dec 14, Tanzania voted for
president and Parliament. Jakaya Kikwete took 80% of the vote. The
ruling party of the Revolution (CCM) won 206 of 232 parliamentary
seats.
(WSJ, 12/15/05, p.A1)(Econ, 1/7/06, p.50)
2005 Dec 18, In Tanzania the
national election commission said Jakaya Kikwete, candidate for the
ruling Revolutionary Party, won the presidential election with 80%
of the vote.
(AP, 12/18/05)(Econ, 9/30/06, p.57)
2005 The population of Tanzania
was about 36 million with 45% Christian and 35% Muslim.
(Econ, 11/5/05, p.51)
2006 Jan 1, East African
leaders said that millions of people in the region faced hunger
because poor rains had affected vital crops and pasture. Burundi,
Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia and Tanzania faced acute food shortages.
(AP, 1/1/06)
2006 Jan 4, In Tanzania rocks
and boulders tumbled down Mount Kilimanjaro and crashed into tents
where tourists were sleeping, killing 3 American climbers and
seriously injuring 2.
(AP, 1/5/06)
2006 Feb 18, Conservation
officials said a searing drought in Kenya and neighboring Tanzania
has killed dozens of hippopotamuses and other wild animals, and
disrupted the annual migration of wildebeests and zebras between the
two East African nations.
(AP, 2/20/06)
2006 Apr 29, Scientists tried
to discover why hundreds of dolphins washed up dead on a beach
popular with tourists on the northern coast of Zanzibar.
(AP, 4/29/06)
2006 Jun 9, In northern
Tanzania an overloaded bus plunged off a bridge and into a river
gorge, killing at least 54 people.
(AP, 6/9/06)
2006 Sep 15, Tanzania’s energy
minister said ongoing drought in east Africa has forced Tanzania to
impose power cuts seven days a week.
(AP, 9/15/06)
2006 Oct 17, The United States
said it plans to take in about 10,000 Burundian refugees from
Tanzania, many of whom fled their landlocked nation as far back as
1972.
(Reuters, 10/18/06)
2006 Nov 24, France said it
will give Tanzania 46 million euros (60 million dollars) to fund
development projects in the east African nation over the next five
years.
(AFP, 11/24/06)
2006 Nov 30, The East African
Community (EAC) said Rwanda and Burundi have been accepted as
members, expanding the regional economic bloc to five nations. The
EAC previously grouped Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania, which hoped to
transform the region into a political federation.
(AP, 11/30/06)
2006 Dec 14, In Tanzania Joseph
Nzabirinda (49), a former youth organizer accused in Rwanda's 1994
genocide, pleaded guilty to one count of murder before a UN war
crimes court, becoming only the seventh defendant to admit his
guilt. Amnesty International expressed serious concern that the
court has been one-sided in its prosecutions and decried its
proposed transfer of cases to the Rwandan judicial system.
(AFP, 12/14/06)
2006 Dec 15, In Kenya 11
African heads of state attending the 2nd International Conference on
the Great Lakes Region signed a landmark $2 billion
(1.5-billion-euro) security and development pact to forestall fresh
violence in the area.
(AFP, 12/15/06)
2006 In the waters off East
Africa unmarked fishing ships carried 23mm anti-aircraft guns and
fished illegally impacting the local fishermen of Kenya, Somalia and
Tanzania. Fish stocks fell as coral reefs were ripped, and
numberless dolphins and turtles were getting snagged.
(Econ, 8/5/06, p.43)
2007 Jan 5, UN
Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon appointed Tanzania's Foreign Minister
Asha-Rose Migiro to the deputy secretary-general post at the UN,
calling her a highly respected leader and outstanding manager who
has championed the developing world. A senior UN official said the
United Nations has investigated more than 300 members of UN
peacekeeping missions for alleged sexual exploitation and abuse
during the past three years and more than half were fired or sent
home.
(AP, 1/6/07)
2007 Feb 14, In Dar es Salaam,
Tanzania, a conference of Anglican leaders opened as the 77
million-member church struggled with a potentially disastrous fight
over the Bible and sexuality.
(AP, 2/14/07)
2007 Feb 14, In Dar es Salaam,
Tanzania, a conference of Anglican leaders opened as the 77
million-member church struggled with a potentially disastrous fight
over the Bible and sexuality.
(AP, 2/14/07)
2007 Feb 19, Anglican leaders
in Tanzania demanded that the US Episcopal Church unequivocally bar
official prayers for gay couples and the consecration of more gay
bishops to undo the damage that North Americans have caused the
Anglican family.
(AP, 2/20/07)
2007 Feb 26, The World Vision
humanitarian group said that more than 50% of children in refugee
camps around Africa's volatile Great Lakes area have experienced
some form of sexual abuse. The data, collected in camps in the
Burundi, Congo (DRC), Tanzania, northern Uganda and Rwanda, said
widespread poverty made children vulnerable to abuses.
(AFP, 2/27/07)
2007 Mar 15, A defiant
Zimbabwean President Robert Mugabe told his critics of his
government to "go hang" themselves in his first response to the
arrest and assault of opposition chief Morgan Tsvangirai. Tanzanian
President Jakaya Kikwete went into talks with Mugabe following
growing international condemnation of the crackdown on opposition
demonstrators.
(AFP, 3/15/07)
2007 Mar 28, In Tanzania 14
Southern African leaders meet for a two-day extraordinary summit on
economic and political regional woes spurred by crises in Zimbabwe
and the Democratic Republic of Congo.
(AFP, 3/28/07)
2007 Mar 29, In Tanzania
African leaders rallied around President Robert Mugabe of Zimbabwe,
ignoring calls for tougher action against him and suggesting
dialogue as the solution to his country's deepening political
crisis.
(Reuters, 3/29/07)
2007 Apr 13, In Tanzania the
International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) ordered that
Michel Bagaragaza, the former head of Rwanda's national tea
industry, be tried by a court in the Netherlands. He was accused of
involvement in Rwanda’s 1994 mass slaughter. In Sep, 2009,
Bagaragaza (64) pleaded guilty to complicity in the slaughter. In
Nov he was sentenced to 8 years in prison.
(AFP, 4/13/07)(AP, 9/17/09)(AP, 11/5/09)
2007 May 18, A group of 88
Burundians who have lived as refugees in neighboring Tanzania for up
to 35 years became the first of some 8,500 to head to the US for a
new life.
(AP, 5/19/07)
2007 May 21, In Tanzania the
appeals court of the UN-backed Rwandan genocide tribunal upheld a
life sentence for Mika Muhimana (57), convicted on multiple counts
of rape and murder. Muhimana, a Hutu, was accused of involvement in
the rape of nearly 30 women from the minority Tutsi tribe during
Rwanda's 1994 genocide.
(AFP, 5/21/07)
2007 Jun 4, The TED
organization (Technology, Entertainment, Design) gathered in
Tanzania for a 4 day session to discuss ideas for helping the poor
of Africa.
(Econ, 6/23/07,
p.55)(www.ted.com/pages/view/id/49)
2007 Jun 4, The Institute for
Democracy in South Africa (IDASA) said a study of mortality patterns
in South Africa, Malawi, Namibia, Zambia, Tanzania and Senegal
indicated Africa's HIV/AIDS crisis was reaching deep into elected
governments.
(Reuters, 6/4/07)
2007 Jun 12, It was reported
that the Hadzabe tribe of Tanzania, numbering fewer than 1,500,
faced a hastening extinction following a government deal to lease
2,500 square miles of tribal hunting land to members of the UAR
royal family. Schools, roads and other projects were offered in
compensation.
(SFC, 6/12/07, p.A20)
2007 Jun 19, President Jakaya
Kikwete said Tanzania will shut camps housing 150,000 refugees from
Burundi by the end of this year as the war in the neighbouring
central African country is over.
(AFP, 6/19/07)
2007 Jul 25, State television
reported that Zimbabwe is to import 200,000 tons of the staple maize
from Tanzania to avert widespread food shortages following a poor
harvest. An international rights group said Zimbabwe's government
routinely arrests and tortures women's rights activists as part of a
crackdown on protests against President Mugabe and his policies.
(AP, 7/25/07)
2007 Jul, Rwanda and Burundi
became members of the East African Community (EAC), which included
Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda.
(AP, 11/17/07)(Econ, 9/5/09, p.52)
2007 Aug 3, In Tanzania
Darfur's fractious rebel groups gathered for talks aimed at
hammering out a united front, following UN approval of a beefed up
peacekeeping mission in the Sudanese region.
(AP, 8/3/07)
2007 Aug 5, Darfur's fractious
rebel groups held a third day of reconciliation talks in Tanzania in
a bid to present a united front at future peace talks with Khartoum.
(AP, 8/5/07)
2007 Aug 6, In Tanzania
Darfur's rebel groups concluded four days of talks by agreeing on a
common platform to soon enter final peace negotiations with the
Sudanese government.
(AFP, 8/6/07)
2007 Sep 1, The population of
Tanzania was about 39 million, with a GDP per head of $860.
(Econ, 9/1/07, p.44)
2007 Nov 14, The EU reached an
accord with the East African Community (EAC) states of Burundi,
Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda. They will enjoy duty free, quota
free access to the EU for all products, except sugar and rice, from
January 1. Originally established in 1967, the EAC collapsed a
decade later amid diverging economic philosophies. It was
resurrected in 2000 as Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda agreed to create
an EU-style common market for their 90 million citizens. Rwanda and
Burundi became members in July this year.
(AP, 11/17/07)(Econ, 9/5/09, p.52)
2007 Dec 28, Tanzania's
ambassador to South Africa and his wife were attacked by armed
robbers at a farewell dinner hosted for them in the capital
Pretoria.
(AFP, 12/29/07)
2007 Uganda began construction
of the $860 Million Bujagali Dam for hydroelectric power from Lake
Victoria water. About 55% of lower water levels on Lake Victoria
were attributed dams built by the Ugandan government. This severely
impacted farmers fishermen in adjoining Kenya and Tanzania as well
as Uganda.
(SFC, 6/24/08, p.A14)
2008 Feb 7, Tanzania's PM
Edward Lowassa and two Cabinet ministers resigned over a corruption
scandal involving a contract with a nonexistent firm supposedly
based in the US. Pres. Jakaya Kikwete dissolved the entire Cabinet
as a result.
(AP, 2/8/08)
2008 Feb 17, US President
George W. Bush discussed the bloody conflict in neighboring Kenya
with Tanzania's Pres. Jakaya Kikwete before showering him with
praise and signing over a $700 million development grant.
(Reuters, 2/17/08)
2008 Feb 18, President Bush
handed out hugs and bed nets in Tanzania's rural north, saying the
US is part of a new international effort to provide enough mosquito
netting to protect every child between one and five from contracting
malaria in this east African nation.
(AP, 2/18/08)
2008 Feb 18, Callixte
Nzabonimana (55), Rwanda’s former youth and sport minister, was
arrested in the town of Kigoma, Tanzania. He faced trial for
participating in the 1994 genocide. The trial of Nzabonimana,
described by prosecutors as "the Butcher of Gitarama," began at the
International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) in Tanzania on Nov
9, 2009.
(Reuters, 2/19/08)(AFP, 11/9/09)
2008 Feb 28, Kenya's rival
politicians, aided by AU chairman Jakaya Kikwete, signed a
power-sharing agreement and shook hands after weeks of bitter
negotiations on how to end the country's deadly postelection crisis.
(AP, 2/28/08)(Econ, 3/1/08, p.49)
2008 Mar 18, The World Food
Program (WFP) made a six million dollar appeal to feed some 90,000
Burundian refugees in Tanzania who expect to return to the central
African country in 2008.
(AP, 3/18/08)
2008 Mar 28, In northeastern
Tanzania 75 miners were missing and believed to have died in mines
following heavy rains.
(AP, 3/29/08)
2008 Apr 13, In Tanzania about
1,000 people cheered and marched with a team of 80 athletes and a
Cabinet minister participating in the Olympic torch relay, the
flame's only stop in Africa.
(AP, 4/13/08)
2008 Jun 8, In Tanzania a
growing criminal trade in albino body parts was reported to have led
to 19 killings over the past year. By the end of the year at least
35 albinos were reportedly murdered to supply witch doctors with
limbs, organs and hair for their potions.
(SSFC, 6/8/08, p.A22)(Econ, 1/17/09, p.50)
2008 Jul 16, The United States
signed a pair of agreements to boost trade and investment ties with
countries in southern and eastern Africa. These included the Trade,
Investment and Development Cooperation Agreement with the Southern
Africa Customs Union (SACU), which includes Botswana, Lesotho,
Namibia, South Africa and Swaziland; and the Trade Investment and
Framework Agreement (TIFA) with the East African Community, which
includes Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda.
(Reuters, 7/17/08)
2008 Sep 24, In Tanzania the
International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) sentenced Simeon
Nchamihigo, Rwanda’s former deputy prosecutor, to life in prison for
his role in Rwanda's 1994 genocide.
(Reuters, 9/24/08)
2008 Oct 1, In central Tanzania
a stampede at an overcrowded dance hall in Tabora killed 20 children
and left 50 others injured as they celebrated the Islamic Eid
al-Fitr festival.
(AP, 10/2/08)
2008 Dec 2, In Tanzania Simon
Bikindi, Rwandan singer-songwriter, was sentenced to 15 years in
prison by the Tanzania-based UN war crimes court for inciting the
killings of ethnic Tutsis during the 1994 genocide. In 2010 a court
upheld his 15 year sentence. The time Bikindi has already spent in
prison since his arrest in July 2001 will be deducted from the 15
years.
(AFP, 12/2/08)(AFP, 3/18/10)
2008 Dec, Tanganyika Oil was
acquired by a subsidiary of China Petroleum & Chemical Corp.
(Sinopec) for $2 billion.
(Econ, 6/27/09, p.72)
2009 Feb 15, China and Tanzania
signed cooperation agreements worth millions of dollars during a
visit by President Hu Jintao to this east African country aimed to
reinforce ties.
(AFP, 2/15/09)
2009 Feb 27, A UN tribunal in
Tanzania convicted a former Rwandan military chaplain of attempted
rape and genocide for crimes that included killing people who had
sought refuge in a seminary. The three-judge panel sentenced
Emmanuel Rukundo (50) to 25 years in prison. Rukundo will only serve
17 and half years because the judges gave him credit for the seven
and a half years he has already spent in detention.
(AP, 2/27/09)
2009 Mar 29, In central
Tanzania a goods train hit a stationary passenger train, killing at
least 15 people.
(AP, 3/29/09)
2009 Apr 6, In Zambia western
nations and lending agencies meeting in Lusaka agreed a financing
package of more than $1 billion to improve infrastructure in
southern and central Africa at an investment conference meant to
expand transport links and trade. Britain said it would separately
provide 100 million pounds ($149.2 million) to transform the
region's infrastructure to increase trade and mitigate the effects
of the global financial crisis. New projects will link businesses in
8 African countries: Tanzania, the Democratic Republic of Congo,
Zambia, Malawi, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique and South Africa.
(AP, 4/6/09)
2009 Apr 29, In Tanzania huge
blasts rocked an ammunition dump at an army camp in the coastal city
of Dar es Salaam. More than a dozen people were killed.
(AP, 4/29/09)(SFC, 2/18/11, p.A2)
2009 Jun 22, In Tanzania a UN
court, trying alleged masterminds of Rwanda's 1994 genocide,
sentenced former interior minister Callixte Kalimanzira (56) to 30
years in prison for tricking thousands of people to hide on a hill,
only to watch them get slaughtered by militias.
(AP, 6/22/09)
2009 Jul 9, The UN passed a
resolution extending the lifetime of the International Criminal
Tribunal for Rwanda to next year. The latest extension is the second
for the Tanzania-based court which had originally been scheduled
wind up its lower court cases by December 2008, but had its life
extended to December 2009.
(AFP, 7/9/09)
2009 Jul 14, In Tanzania
Tharcisse Renzaho, the former prefect of Rwandan capital Kigali, was
sentenced to life for genocide-related crimes by the UN-backed war
crimes court trying masterminds of the country's 1994 massacre.
(AFP, 7/14/09)
2009 Jul 26, In Tanzania a bus
crashed into a truck in Korogwe killing 33 people.
(SSFC, 7/26/09, p.A2)
2009 Aug 22, In Tanzania a fire
ripped through a dormitory in the rural Iringa district, killing 12
schoolgirls and wounding 23 others. Preliminary investigations
indicated the fire was caused by a candle after a student fell
asleep studying.
(AP, 8/24/09)
2009 Oct 30, The BBC said Anton
Turner (38), a British guide working on a children's television show
in Tanzania, was killed after being charged by an elephant. The show
"Serious Explorers" followed David Livingstone's famous 19th-century
trek across the African continent.
(AP, 10/31/09)
2009 Nov 11, In Tanzania a
landslide followed a night of heavy rains and killed 11 children and
9 adults near Mt. Kilimanjaro.
(AP, 11/12/09)
2009 Nov 17, A judge in
Tanzania said the prosecution failed to prove its case against
Father Hormisdas Nsengimana (55). He was alleged to have been at the
center of a group of Hutu extremists that planned and carried out
targeted attacks in Nyanza in 1994. Nsengimana was head of College
Christ-Roi, a prestigious Catholic school in the southern Rwandan
town. Judge Eric Mose ordered his immediate release from the UN
detention facility in Arusha. He had been imprisoned for seven years
since his 2002 arrest in Cameroon.
(AP, 11/17/09)
2009 Nov 18, In Uganda a new 12
million dollar family planning drive was launched in Kampala
highlighting how Obama administration funding has revamped a
contraception drive in Africa and developing states. Uganda,
Ethiopia, Nigeria, Senegal, Tanzania and Kenya will share in the
12-million dollar funding, but international organizations still
have to persuade certain African governments that it is in their
interest to curb population growth.
(AFP, 11/18/09)
2009 Nov 20, In Tanzania
members of the East Africa Community (Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda,
Tanzania, Uganda) signed a common market agreement in Arusha,
headquarters of the EAC.
(http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-11/21/content_12513712.htm)
2009 Nov 30, Interpol and the
Kenya Wildlife Service said African authorities over the last 3
months had raided shops, intercepted vehicles at checkpoints and
used sniffer dogs to detect and seize over 3,800 pounds (1,768kg) of
illegal elephant ivory in a six-nation operation. This involved the
wildlife authorities, police and customs departments of Burundi,
Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda.
(AP, 11/30/09)
2009 Dec 10, In Tanzania an
undersea cable to the archipelago of Zanzibar failed. The government
vowed to have it restored by Feb 20, 2010.
(SSFC, 1/24/10, p.M3)
2009 Dec 17, Oxfam said some
areas of East Africa had received less than 5% of the normal
November rains and that many people are malnourished in Uganda,
Tanzania, Somalia, Kenya and Ethiopia. It was the sixth failed rainy
season for war-ravaged Somalia and the worst drought there for 20
years. The European Commission announced that it would immediately
release an extra $75 million to fund emergency relief for
drought-stricken areas of East Africa. It estimated that 16 million
people will need aid in the coming months.
(AP, 12/17/09)
2009 The population of Tanzania
was about 41 million.
(http://indexmundi.com/tanzania/population.html)
2010 Feb 11, In Tanzania a UN
tribunal found former Rwandan Lt. Col. Tharcisse Muvunyi guilty of
exhorting a crowd to kill Tutsis and destroy their homes during the
1994 genocide that ripped through the Central African nation. He was
sentenced to 15 years in prison.
(AP, 2/11/10)
2010 Feb 25, In Arusha,
Tanzania, the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR),
found lieutenant colonel Ephrem Setako (60) guilty of genocide,
crimes against humanity and murder. "The Chamber found that Setako
ordered the killings on 25 April 1994 of 30 to 40 Tutsis at Mukamira
military camp in Ruhengeri prefecture and around 10 other Tutsis
there on 11 May 1994."
(Reuters, 2/25/10)
2010 May 14, Four African
countries (Ethiopia, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda) signed a new treaty
on the equitable sharing of the Nile waters despite strong
opposition from Egypt and Sudan, who have the lion's share of the
river waters. The new agreement, the Nile Basin Cooperative
Framework, is to replace a 1959 accord between Egypt and Sudan that
gives them control of more than 90 percent of the water flow.
Egyptian Foreign Minister Ahmed Abul Gheit warned at the weekend
that Cairo's water rights were a "red line" and threatened legal
action if a partial deal is reached.
(AFP, 5/14/10)
2010 Jul 1, The international
court in Tanzania investigating Rwanda's 1994 genocide said it has
sentenced Yussuf Munyakazi (75), a father of 13, to 25 years in jail
for killing thousands of people. He was found guilty of "genocide
and extermination" involving Tutsis who had sought refuge in
Catholic churches.
(AFP, 7/1/10)
2010 Jul 13, Tanzanian lawyer
Jwani Mwaikusa was shot in Dar es Salaam. He was a defense lawyer
for a UN tribunal that tries suspects in Rwanda's 1994 genocide.
Police said his nephew and a neighbor were also killed.
(AP, 7/15/10)
2010 Jul 31, The Tanzanian
island of Zanzibar voted to form a unity government after
October elections in an effort to avoid a repeat of previous
electoral violence that killed dozens of people.
(AP, 8/1/10)
2010 Aug 3, In Arusha,
Tanzania, the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR),
found Dominique Ntawukulilyayo (68) guilty of genocide and sentenced
him to 25 years of imprisonment. Prosecutors said Ntawukulilyayo in
1994 had transported soldiers to a hill where thousands of refugee
Tutsis had gathered after he promised to feed and protect them. The
soldiers joined other assailants in an attack, leaving possibly
thousands of Tutsis dead.
(Reuters, 8/3/10)
2010 Aug 5, In Tanzania 20
school children were feared drowned and 20 rescued after a boat they
were traveling in capsized on the Tanzanian side of Lake Victoria.
(AP, 8/6/10)
2010 Aug 26, Interpol said
police have seized about 10 metric tons of counterfeit medicines and
arrested 80 people in a sweep across eastern Africa. Authorities
across Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda and Zanzibar took
part in the bust.
(Reuters, 8/26/10)
2010 Sep 3, In Accra, Ghana,
Standard Bank Africa announced at an agricultural forum a 100
million dollar scheme to reach some 750,000 small scale farmers in
Ghana, Mozambique, Tanzania and Uganda in a bid to boost output.
(AFP, 9/4/10)
2010 Sep 29, In Tanzania a hot
air balloon carrying tourists over Serengeti National Park crashed,
killing an American and a Danish tourist and wounding eight others.
(AP, 10/1/10)
2010 Oct 31, Tanzania's ruling
party, which has been in power for close to half a century, faced an
energized opposition in national elections, following corruption
scandals that have undermined the government's popularity. On Nov 5
election officials said Tanzania's Pres. Jakaya Kikwete won a 2nd
term in office with 61% of the vote. In Zanzibar Ali Mohammed Shein
(62) won the election with 50.1% of the vote. He was sworn in as
president on Nov 3.
(AP, 10/31/10)(AP, 11/3/10)(AP, 11/6/10)
2010 Nov 1, In Tanzania Gasper
Kanyarukiga, a former Rwandan businessman, was found guilty of
ordering bulldozers in 1994 to demolish the Nyange Church where
2,000 Tutsis had sought shelter. Judge Taghrid Hikmet said he
intentionally participated in the genocidal act and sentenced him to
30 years in prison.
(AP, 11/1/10)
2010 Dec 6, In Tanzania the
International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda handed down a life
sentence to Ildephonse Hategekimana, a lieutenant from the former
Rwandan army, after finding him guilty of genocide, murder and rape
in the 1994 massacre of Tutsis.
(AP, 12/6/10)
2011 Jan, Tanzania arrested
Mohamed Mohamed of Kenya for his role in the July 11, 2010, bombings
that killed 76 people in the Ugandan capital Kampala. In 2011
Tanzania’s Kisutu court granted an application to extradite the
suspect to Uganda to face justice.
(AP, 7/2/11)
2011 Feb 17, In Tanzania an
ammunition depot exploded in Dar Es Salaam killing at least 25
people and sent thousands into a stadium for safety.
(SFC, 2/18/11, p.A2)
2011 Mar 25, Africa's highest
court on human rights ordered Libya to immediately cease any action
that would result in the loss of life. The order also compelled
Libya to report to the Tanzania-based court within two weeks. The
ruling was not made public until March 30.
(AP, 3/31/11)
2011 May 5, In Vietnam customs
officials intercepted 661 pounds (300 kg) of smuggled African
elephant tusks from Tanzania at a northern port city.
(AP, 5/6/11)
2011 May 17, In Tanzania the
International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda sentenced Maj. Gen.
Augustin Bizimungu to 30 years in prison for ordering killings
during the 1994 genocide. Three other top officers were also
sentenced. Bizimungu was captured in Angola in 2002. The ICTR also
convicted the head of the paramilitary police at the time, Augustin
Ndindiliyimana, of genocide crimes but ordered his release as he had
already spent 11 years in jail.
(AP, 5/17/11)(AFP, 5/17/11)
2011 May 23, India's PM
Manmohan Singh began a six-day trip to Ethiopia and Tanzania, aiming
to strike deeper economic ties with a continent rich in minerals and
commodities, but where Asia's third-largest economy lags far behind
rival China.
(Reuters, 5/23/11)
2011 Jun 3, In Tanzania former
Black Panther Party leader Elmer "Geronimo" Pratt (63), died. Pratt
was convicted in 1972 of being one of two men who robbed and fatally
shot schoolteacher Caroline Olsen on a Santa Monica tennis court in
December 1968. The conviction was overturned after he spent 27 years
in prison for a crime he maintained he did not commit.
(AP, 6/3/11)
2011 Jun 24, In Tanzania the UN
Court trying suspects of the 1994 Rwanda genocide found Pauline
Nyiramasuhuko, a female former government minister, and her son,
Arsene Ntahobali, guilty of war crimes and gave both life sentences,
marking the first time a woman has been convicted of genocide.
(AP, 6/24/11)
2011 Aug 4, Tanzania’s Legal
and Human Rights Center said police brutality has led to the deaths
of 20 people in Tanzania in the first six months of this year. Five
police officers were killed by civilians during the same period.
(AFP, 8/4/11)
2011 Aug 10, Tanzania pledged
300 tons of maize for Somalia's drought-hit people during a visit by
Somali President Sharif Sheikh Ahmed.
(AFP, 8/10/11)
2011 Aug 24, Youths torched a
bar on Tanzania's Zanzibar archipelago in a reported protest against
alcohol sales, the third bar attacked this month on the popular
tourist island.
(AFP, 8/25/11)
2011 Sep 10, The Tanzania
ferry, M.V. Spice Islanders, overcrowded and carrying over 800
people sank in deep sea between the mainland and Pemba Island,
leaving at least 240 people dead. Some 600 people were rescued.
(AP, 9/10/11)(AP, 9/11/11)
2011 Sep 30, Two former Rwandan
ministers were jailed for 30 years by the International Criminal
Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) for involvement in the country's 1994
genocide. Former public service minister Prosper Mugiraneza and his
then trade counterpart Justin Mugenzi were convicted of complicity
to commit genocide and incitement to commit genocide. The
Tanzania-based tribunal acquitted 2 other ministers charged with
similar offences due to lack of evidence.
(AFP, 9/30/11)
2011 Oct 3, The Tanzanian navy
foiled a pirate attack on an offshore oil drilling ship and captured
all seven bandits. The attack on the Ocean Rig Poseidon, owned by
Ocean Rig of Norway, took place as it was carrying out exploration
drilling for Brazilian firm Petrobras.
(AFP, 10/4/11)
2011 Nov 9, Tanzanian
opposition leader Freeman Mbowe surrendered to police. Mbowe, who
heads the CHADEMA party, and scores of supporters staged a Nov 7
demonstration in the northern town of Arusha demanding the release
of one of its officials and that President Jakaya Kikwete step down.
(AFP, 11/9/11)
2011 Nov 10, Tanzanian police
slapped a ban on protests, as the opposition planned to rally for
the release of some of its members and the ruling party prepared its
own counter-demonstration.
(AFP, 11/10/11)
2011 Nov 17, The Tanzania-based
International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) handed down a
15-year jail term for genocide to Gregory Ndahimana (59), a Rwandan
former mayor, who in 1994 failed to stop police bulldozing a church,
burying nearly 2,000 people sheltered inside.
(AFP, 11/17/11)
2011 Nov 21, Tanzania's PM
Mizengo Pinda said eight suspects have been sentenced to death by
hanging for the murder of albinos since a wave of witchcraft
killings erupted in 2007. More than 60 albinos have been murdered in
Tanzania since 2007 and their body parts chopped off to be sold to
witch doctors.
(AFP, 11/21/11)
2011 Dec 1, Amnesty
International urged Ethiopia, Tanzania and Zambia to arrest former
US president George W. Bush for violating international torture
laws, during his African tour this week.
(AFP, 12/1/11)
2011 Dec 14, The Tanzania-based
UN tribunal said it has overturned several convictions against
former Rwandan Ministry of Defense director Col. Theoneste Bagosora.
The court reduced his life sentence to 35 years. Bagosora had been
sentenced in 2008 at the age of 67. The court also reduced the life
sentence of former military commander Anatole Nsengiyumva to 15
years and released him for time served.
(AP, 12/15/11)
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