Today in History - March 12

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604        Mar 12, Gregory I the Great (64), Pope (590-604), died. In 1997 R.A. Markus authored “Gregory the Great and His World.”
    (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I)(WSJ, 4/12/08, p.W8)

1054        Mar 12, Pope Leo IX escaped captivity and returned to Rome.
    (MC, 3/12/02)

1254          Mar 12, Mindaugas granted Christian, Lithuania’s 1st Bishop, lands in Samogitia.
    (LHC, 3/12/03)

1388          Mar 12, Pope Urban VI authorized Poznan’s Bishop Dobrogost to establish a Vilnius archdiocese.
    (LHC, 3/12/03)

1496        Mar 12, Jews were expelled from Syria.
    (HN, 3/12/98)

1507        Mar 12, Cesare Borgia (31), cardinal, soldier, politician, died while fighting alongside his brother, the king of Navarre, in Spain.
    (HN, 3/12/99)(MC, 3/12/02)

1554        Mar 12, Richard Hooker, English theologian, was born. He authored "Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity."
    (HN, 3/12/99)

1569          Mar 12, Zigmantas Augustas broke away from Lithuania and attached Volinija and Palenki to Poland.
    (LHC, 3/12/03)

1587        Mar 12, Peter Wentworth, English parliament leader, was confined in London Tower. [see Mar 1]
    (MC, 3/12/02)

1622        Mar 12, Ignatius of Loyola (founder of the Jesuits) was declared a saint.
    (MC, 3/12/02)

1642        Mar 12, Abel Tasman became the 1st European to land in New Zealand. [see Nov 24, Dec 13]
    (MC, 3/12/02)

1664        Mar 12, England’s King Charles II granted land in the New World, known as New Netherland (later New Jersey), to his brother James, the Duke of York.
    (HN, 3/12/98)(AP, 3/12/08)

1689        Mar 12, Former English King James II landed in Ireland.
    (MC, 3/12/02)

1737        Mar 12, Galileo's body was moved to Church of Santa Croce in Florence, Italy.
    (MC, 3/12/02)

1755        Mar 12, The 1st steam engine in America was installed to pump water from a mine.
    (MC, 3/12/02)

1773        Mar 12, Jeanne Baptiste Pointe de Sable settled what is now known as Chicago.
    (MC, 3/12/02)

1799        Mar 12, Austria declared war on France.
    (MC, 3/12/02)

1809        Mar 12, Great Britain signed a treaty with Persia forcing the French out of the country.
    (HN, 3/12/99)

1824        Mar 12, Gustav Robert Kirchoff, physicist, was born in Prussia.
    (HN, 3/12/98)(MC, 3/12/02)    

1831        Mar 12, Clement Studebaker, auto maker, was born.
    (HN, 3/12/98)

1832        Mar 12, Charles Boycott, estate manager who caused boycotts, was born in Ireland.
    (MC, 3/12/02)

1835        Mar 12, Simon Newcomb, US scientist, mathematician, astronomer, was born.
    (MC, 3/12/02)

1857        Mar 12, The opera "Simon Boccanegra," by Giuseppe Verdi, premiered in Venice, Italy.
    (AP, 3/12/07)

1858        Mar 12, Adolph Simon Ochs, publisher of The New York Times, was born.
    (HN, 3/12/01)

1860        Mar 12, US Congress accepted the Pre-emption Bill. It provided free land in West for colonists.
    (MC, 3/12/02)

1862        Mar 12, Jane Delano (d.1919), nurse, teacher and founder of the American Red Cross, was born in Montour Falls, New York. She helped the American Red Cross Nursing Service to be recognized as the nursing reserve for the Army and Navy.
    (www.wordiq.com/definition/Jane_Delano)

1863        Mar 12, President Jefferson Davis delivered his State of the Confederacy address.
    (HN, 3/12/98)
1863        May 12, The Battle of Raymond, Miss., was fought.
    (SC, internet, 5/12/97)

1864        Mar 12, Ulysses S. Grant became commander in chief of the Union armies in the American Civil War.
    (AP, 3/12/07)

1877        Mar 12, In Philadelphia the first department store, The Grand Depot, opened. John Wanamaker turned an abandoned railway depot into one of the world’s 1st department stores.
    (HN, 3/12/98)(Econ, 4/2/05, p.11)(ON, 12/05, p.5)

1879        Mar 12, The British Zulu War began. Colonel Henry Evelyn Wood had expected little trouble as his cavalry ascended Holbane Mountain. What he got was a Zulu army, 22,000 men strong.
    (HN, 3/12/98)

1884        Mar 12, Mississippi established the first U.S. state college for women.
    (HN, 3/12/98)

1890        Mar 12, Vasav Nijinsky (d.1950), Russian dancer, was born. He was considered the world's greatest ballet dancer. [see Feb 28]
    (HN, 3/12/99)
1890        May 12, Louisiana legalized prize fighting.
    (SC, internet, 5/12/97)

1894        Mar 12, Coca-Cola was sold in bottles for the first time.
    (HN, 3/12/98)

1903        Mar 12, The Czar of Russia issued a decree providing for nominal freedom of religion throughout his territory.
    (HN, 3/12/98)

1909        Mar 12, British Parliament increased naval appropriations for Britain.
    (HN, 3/12/98)

1911        Mar 12, Dr. Fletcher of Rockefeller Institute discovered the cause of infantile paralysis.
    (HN, 3/12/98)
1911        Mar 12, Gustavo Diaz Ordaz, president of Mexico, was born.
    (HN, 3/12/98)

1912        Mar 12, Juliette Gordon Low organized the Girl Guides, which later became the Girl Scouts of America, at the 1848 Andrew Low House in Savannah, Ga. The US Congress chartered the Girl Scouts in 1950.
    (SFEC,11/30/97, p.T5)(USAT, 3/23/04, p.1D)(AP, 3/12/08)
1912        Mar 12, Capt. Albert Berry performed the 1st parachute jump from an airplane.
    (MC, 3/12/02)

1914        Mar 12, George Westinghouse (67), US engineer (Westinghouse Electric), died.
    (MC, 3/12/02)

1917        Mar 12, Russian troops mutinied in the "February Revolution." [see Mar 8]
    (HN, 3/12/99)

1918        Mar 12, Vladimir I. Lenin published his reasons for moving the capital from St. Petersburg to Moscow.
    (WSJ, 9/20/04, p.A20)

1922        Mar 12, Jack Kerouac, American novelist, was born. He wrote "On the Road."
    (HN, 3/12/99)

1925        Mar 12, Leo Esaki, [Esaki Reona], physicist (Tunnel effect-Nobel 1973), was born in Japan.
    (MC, 3/12/02)
1925        Mar 12, Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen died. Morris Abraham Cohen (d.1970 at 83) had been the right-hand man to Dr. Sen and the story was told in 1998 by Daniel S. Levy in his book "Two-Gun Cohen."
    (AP, 3/12/98)(SFEC, 4/12/98, Par p.20)

1928        Mar 12, Edward Albee, American dramatist who wrote "Who's Afraid of Virginia Wolf," was born.
    (HN, 3/12/00)
1928        Mar 12, In Santa Paula, Ventura County, Ca., the 3-year-old St. Francis dam collapsed just before midnight. By the next day some 450 people were killed.
    (SFC, 9/22/01, p.A3)(PCh, 1992, p.791)

1930        Mar 12, Indian political and spiritual leader Mohandas K. Gandhi began a 200-mile march to the sea to protest a British tax on salt. The march symbolized his defiance of British Rule over India.
    (HN, 3/12/98)(AP, 3/12/98)

1932        Mar 12, Ivar Kreuger (b.1880), the so-called "Swedish Match King," committed suicide in Paris, leaving behind a financial empire that turned out to be worthless. The “Kreuger crash’ shook Wall Street and led to a 1933 Securities Act, which strengthened disclosure requirements for all companies selling stock. In 1961 Robert Shaplen authored “Kreuger, Genius and Swindler.” In 2009 Frank Partnoy authored “The Match King.”
    (AP, 3/12/99)(Econ, 12/22/07, p.115)(WSJ, 4/17/09, p.A11)

1933        Mar 12, President Roosevelt delivered the first of his radio "fireside chats," telling Americans what was being done to deal with the nation's economic crisis.
    (AP, 3/12/98)
1933        Mar 12, Hindenburg dropped the flag of the German Republic and ordered that the swastika and empire banner be flown side by side.
    (HN, 3/12/98)

1934        Mar 12, Josip Broz (Tito of Yugoslavia) was freed from jail.
    (MC, 3/12/02)

1935        Mar 12-1935 Mar 25, Colorado dust storms killed 6 people, suffocated livestock and covered the ground with up to 6 feet of dust.
    (SFC, 3/19/09, p.D8)

1938        Mar 12, John Ross, poet, historian and author, was born. He celebrated his 60th birthday in SF with friends at the Cafe Babar with much gusto and brouhaha.
    (EW)
1938        Mar 12, Germany invaded Austria after the Austrian Nazi Party invited German troops. The union came to be know as the Anschluss. Hitler took over Austria, as his mission to restore his homeland to the Third Reich, and a chunk of Czechoslovakia. The Nazis took over Austria and expelled all Jews and other political opponents from the universities.
    (WUD, 1994, p.1682)(TL, 1988, p.111)(TMC, 1994, p.1938)(StuAus, April '95, p.18)(HN, 3/12/98)(AP, 3/12/98)

1939        Mar 12, Pope Pius XII was formally crowned in ceremonies at the Vatican.
    (HN, 3/12/98)(AP, 3/12/98)

1940        Mar 12, Finland surrendered to Russia. Finland and the Soviet Union concluded an armistice during World War II. Fighting between the two countries flared again the following year.
    (HN, 3/12/98)(AP, 3/12/98)

1942        Mar 12, Salvatore "the Bull" Gravano, mobster (testified against John Gotti), was born.
    (MC, 3/12/02)

1944        Mar 12, Great Britain barred all travel to neutral Ireland, which was suspected of collaborating with Nazi Germany.
    (HN, 3/12/99)

1945        Mar 12, NY became the 1st state to prohibit discrimination by race and creed in employment.
    (MC, 3/12/02)
1945        Mar 12, Italy's Communist Party (CPI) called for armed uprising in Italy.
    (MC, 3/12/02)
1945        Mar 12, In Amsterdam 30 people were executed by Nazi occupiers.
    (MC, 3/12/02)
1945        Mar 12, USSR returned Transylvania to Romania.
    (MC, 3/12/02)
1945        Mar 12, Anne Frank, author of "The Diary of Anne Frank," died at Bergen-Belsen concentration camp a month before it was liberated. When the British arrived in April, they found more than 10,000 unburied corpses. Some 14,000 of the prisoners found at the camp died within a few days.
    (SFEC, 1/5/97, p.B8)(HNQ, 4/13/00)(HN, 3/12/01)

1946        Mar 12, Patricia Hampl, poet and memoirist (A Romantic Education, Virgin Time), was born.
    (HN, 3/12/01)
1946        Mar 12, Liza Minnelli, actress and singer, was born. She was the daughter of actress Judy Garland and director Vincente Minnelli.
    (SFEC, 1/26/97 Par, p.22)

1947        Mar 12, Pres. Truman outlined the Truman Doctrine of economic and military aid to nations threatened by Communism. The doctrine was intended to speed recovery of Mediterranean countries He specifically requested aid for Greece and Turkey to resist Communism.
    (EWH, 1968, p.1207)(AP, 3/12/98)(MC, 3/12/02)

1948        Mar 12, In Alaska 24 merchant marines and six crewmen were flying from China to New York City, when their DC-4 slammed into Mount Sanford killing all 30. Pilots Kevin McGregor and Marc Millican discovered some mummified remains in 1999 while recovering artifacts to identify the wreckage they had found two years earlier.
    (AP, 8/17/08)

1951        Mar 12, "Dennis the Menace," created by cartoonist Hank Ketcham, made its syndicated debut in 16 newspapers.
    (AP, 3/12/01)
1951        Mar 12, Communist troops were driven out of Seoul.
    (MC, 3/12/02)

1957        Mar 12, German DR accepted 22 Russian armed divisions.
    (MC, 3/12/02)
1957        Mar 12, In Israel Rudolf Kasztner, hailed by admirers as a Holocaust hero for saving thousands of Jews, was assassinated by Jewish extremists. Critics had reviled him as a collaborator who "sold his soul." Kasztner, a Zionist leader in Hungary during World War II, headed the Relief and Rescue Committee, a small Jewish group that negotiated with Nazi officials to rescue Hungarian Jews in exchange for money, goods and military equipment.
    (AP, 7/23/07)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Kastner)

1959        Mar 12, The US House joined the Senate in approving the statehood of Hawaii.
    (http://modern-us-history.suite101.com/article.cfm/hawaii_becomes_the_50th_state)

1963        Mar 12, US House granted former British Prime Minister Winston Churchill honorary U.S. citizenship.
    (MC, 3/12/02)

1964        Mar 12, Malcolm X resigned from Nation of Islam. [see Mar 8]
    (MC, 3/12/02)

1965        Mar 12, Edward "Teddy" Deegan was found dead in an alley in Chelsea, Mass. A week later an FBI memo named 6 men, including Vincent J. Flemmi and Joseph "The Animal" Barboza, as the killers. Barboza became a star witness and provided false testimony to convict 4 innocent men. The New England Mafia shotgunned Barboza in SF in 1976. Over the next 3 decades FBI informants in Boston murdered over 20 people.
    (SSFC, 7/28/02, p.A5)(SFC, 11/21/03, p.A3)

1968        Mar 12, President Lyndon Johnson won the New Hampshire Democratic primary, but a strong second-place showing by anti-war Senator Eugene McCarthy of Minnesota played a role in Johnson's decision not to seek re-election. Johnson won over Eugene McCarthy 49.6 to 41.9%. Republican Richard Nixon won the New Hampshire primary over Nelson Rockefeller 77.6 to 10.8%.
    (SSFC, 1/25/04, p.A19)(AP, 3/12/08)
1968        Mar 12, A Miami-bound flight was commandeered to Cuba.
    (SFC, 3/14/03, p.E8)
1968        Mar 12, The British-ruled African island of Mauritius became an independent country within the Commonwealth of Nations and many Europeans left the country. GDP per person was about $200. By 2008 it rose to $7,000 per person.
    (SFC, 6/24/96, p.A8)(SFC, 7/1/97, p.A9)(SSFC, 12/9/01, p.C9)(AP, 3/12/08)(Econ, 10/18/08, p.58)

1969        Mar 12, Paul McCartney married Linda Eastman in London.
    (AP, 3/12/98)

1972        Mar 12, “The Limits to Growth: A Report for the Club of Rome’s Project on the Predicament of Mankind." was presented publicly at the Smithsonian Institute in Washington. It was translated into 30 languages and 10 million copies of the book were sold, helping the Club of Rome gain the world stage. Donella Meadows (1941-2001) Dennis L. Meadows, Jorgen Randers, and William W. Behrens III co-authored the report.
    (SFC, 2/21/01, p.A22)(www.clubofrome.at/peccei/limits.html)
1972        Mar 12, The U.K. and China agreed to establish a full diplomatic relationship. China, newly admitted to the UN, said it wanted Hong Kong back.
    (SFEC, 6/22/97, p.A14)(SFC, 7/1/97, p.A8)(HN, 3/12/98)

1973        Mar 12, Argentina held elections. Pres. Gen’l. Lanusse (1918-1996) called elections and the Peronists led by Hector Campora (1909-1980) and Vicente Solano Lima returned to power.
    (http://openweb.tvnews.vanderbilt.edu/1973-3/1973-03-12-CBS-8.html)(SFC, 8/27/96, p.A17)(WSJ, 11/14/96, p.A20)

1974          Mar 12, Bundy victim Donna Manson (b.1954) disappeared from Evergreen State College in Olympia, Wa.
    (www.doenetwork.org/cases/565dfwa.html)
1974        Mar 12, Billy Fox, Protestant Dublin MP, was assassinated.
    (MC, 3/12/02)
1974        Mar 12, The Russian Mars 6 went into orbit and the lander transmitted atmospheric data during descent before failing.
    (SFC, 11/19/96, p.B1)

1975        Mar 12, Maurice Stans, former Nixon Cabinet member, pleaded guilty to three counts of violating the reporting sections of the Federal Election Campaign Act and two counts of accepting illegal campaign contributions. He was fined $5,000.
    (SFC, 11/6/98, p.D5)(http://tinyurl.com/45uwm3)

1977        Mar 12, The Commission on Judicial Appointments confirmed Rose Elizabeth Bird (40) as California’s 25th chief justice and the 1st woman to sit on the state’s Supreme Court. She was sworn in on March 26.
    (SFC, 3/8/02, p.G8)
1977        Mar 12, Egypt's Anwar Sadat pledged to regain Arab territory from Israel.
    (http://tinyurl.com/37jrq9)

1980        Mar 12, A Chicago jury found John Wayne Gacy Jr. guilty of the murders of 33 men and boys. The next day, Gacy was sentenced to death; he was executed in 1994.
    (AP, 3/12/00)

1984        Mar 12, Lebanese President Gemayel opened the second meeting in five years calling for the end to nine-years of war.
    (HN, 3/12/98)

1985        Mar 12, The US and the USSR began arms control talks in Geneva.
    (HN, 3/12/98)
1985        Mar 12, Conductor Eugene Ormandy (85), director of the Philadelphia Philharmonic for more than four decades, died.
    (AP, 3/12/05)

1986        Mar 12, Susan Butcher won the 1,158 mile Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race in Alaska.
    (www.newmorningtv.tv/dailyalmanac_031204.jsp)

1987        Mar 12, "Les Miserables" opened on Broadway. It was written by Alain Boublil and Claude-Michel Schonberg.
    (AP, 3/12/98)(www.jimsdeli.com/theater/1997-before/les-miserables.htm)

1988        Mar 12, Rev. Jesse Jackson won the Democratic precinct caucuses in his native South Carolina.
    (AP, 3/12/98)
1988        Mar 12, Romare Bearden (b.1911), North Carolina-born African American artist, died in NY. He depicted black culture and history and transferred his collages to prints using a variety of techniques. In 2004 Jan Greenberg authored "Romare Bearden: Collage of Memories."
    (SFC, 3/24/04, p.E1)(www.courses.vcu.edu/ENG-mam/bio5.htm)

1989        Mar 12, Some 2,500 veterans and supporters marched at the Art Institute of Chicago to demand that officials remove an American flag placed on the floor as part of a student's exhibit.
    (AP, 3/12/99)
1989        Mar 12, In India the National Liberation Front of Tripura (NLFT) was formed with Dhananjoy Reang (former Vice-President of the Tripura National Volunteers) as its "chairman."
    (www.crwflags.com/fotw/Flags/in-tri.html)

1990        Mar 12, Vice President Quayle met in Santiago, Chile, with Nicaraguan President Daniel Ortega, who promised to peacefully relinquish power to Violeta Chamorro, the U.S.-backed candidate who had won Nicaragua's presidential election.
    (AP, 3/12/00)

1991        Mar 12, Secretary of State James A. Baker met with Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Shamir and a Palestinian delegation as he continued a fact-finding mission.
    (AP, 3/12/01)
1991        Mar 12, General H. Norman Schwarzkopf, the victorious commander of allied forces in the Gulf War, visited Kuwait.
    (AP, 3/12/01)

1992        Mar 12, The U.N. Security Council stood firm in its demand that Iraq comply totally with Gulf War cease-fire resolutions, rebuffing an appeal for leniency from Saddam Hussein's special envoy, deputy prime minister Tariq Aziz.
    (AP, 3/12/02)
1992        Mar 12, This issue of Rolling Stone magazine contained an article by Tom Curtis that outlined a theory for the origin of AIDS based on the Wister vaccine developed by Hilary Koprowski and given to some 300,000 people in the Belgian Congo between 1957-1960.
    (SSFC, 1/14/01, p.A14)
1992        Mar 12, Efraim Banaca Velasquez, a guerilla leader in Guatemala married to an American lawyer (Jennifer Harbury), disappeared and was later murdered. Secret US government files later disclosed that the Guatemalan colonel, Julio Roberto Alpirez, oversaw the interrogation and debriefing and that he was on CIA payroll. A suit filed by Harbury in 1995 against a list of US officials was dismissed in 1999 and reinstated in 2000 on appeal.
    (SFC, 5/4/96, p.A-6)(SFEC, 11/17/96, p.C13)(SFC, 3/18/97, p.A10)(SFC, 3/19/02, p.A4)

1993        Mar 12, Janet Reno was sworn in as the first US female attorney general.
    (AP, 3/12/98)
1993        Mar 12, In Bombay (Mumbai), India, 13 bombs exploded killing 257 people. Abu Salem, alleged terrorist mastermind, Mafia boss and one of India's most wanted men, was arrested in Portugal in 2002. Salem was accused by Indian police of being involved in the country's worst bombing attack, as well as a string of murder and extortion cases. More than 100 people, most of them Muslims, were accused of involvement in the attacks. In 2006 4 family members were found guilty in the first verdict in the prosecution of India's deadliest terror attack. Asgar Yusuf Mukadam and Shahnawaz Qureshi were convicted for murdering 10 people in one of the bombings. Abdul Turk (40) was convicted of leaving an explosives-laden jeep in a crowded shopping and residential area of Mumbai, killing 113 people and injuring scores. In 2007 Parvez Shaikh, Mushtaq Tarani and Abdul Ghani Turk were sentenced to death for planting explosives in Mumbai. Also sentenced to death were Asgar Muqadam and Shahnawaz Qureshi for  involvement in placing bombs at a cinema in Mumbai and Shoaib Ghansar for involvement in the bombing at the Zaveri Bazaar. Yakub Memon was sentenced to death for playing a key role in procuring the weapons and explosives used in the serial attacks.
    (AP, 3/12/98)(AP, 9/20/02)(AP, 9/12/06)(AP, 9/18/06)(AP, 9/19/06)(AP, 7/18/07)(AP, 7/19/07)
    (AP, 7/27/07)

1994        Mar 12, Secretary of State Warren Christopher held discussions with Chinese leaders in Beijing that were marked by blunt exchanges on human rights.
    (AP, 3/12/99)
1994        Mar 12, The Anglican Church of England ordained its first (33) women priests.
    (AP, 3/12/98)(SFC, 5/19/00, p.D7)

1995        Mar 12, President Clinton declared 39 California counties disaster areas after storms and floods battered two-thirds of the state.
    (AP, 3/12/00)
1995        Mar 12, Gordon B. Hinckley (1910-2008), a grandson of Mormon pioneers, took over as president and prophet of the Mormon church.
    (AP, 1/28/08)
1995        Mar 12, World leaders wound up a weeklong summit in Copenhagen, Denmark, committing themselves to fighting poverty, but differing on how to do so.
    (AP, 3/12/00)

1996        Mar 12, Pres. Clinton signed the Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity Act, better known as the Helms-Burton Act. It shut off visas to executives and shareholders of firms doing business in Cuba on property confiscated from Americans.
    (SFC, 8/22/96, p.E4)(http://tinyurl.com/lgpgt)
1996        Mar 12, Republican Bob Dole swept the seven "Super Tuesday" primaries, gaining a virtual lock on the GOP presidential nomination.
    (AP, 3/12/01)
1996        Mar 12, Rioting forced the closure of a US copper mine (82% owned by Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold) in Trimika, Indonesia. At least three people were killed and dozens injured as the army restored order.
    (WSJ, 3/14/96, p.A-15)

1997        Mar 12, Authorities in Los Angeles arrested Mikail Markhasev as a suspect in the shooting death of Bill Cosby's son, Ennis, almost two months earlier. Markhasev, who later admitted his guilt, is serving a life sentence without possibility of parole.
    (AP, 3/12/02)
1997        Mar 12, Edward DeBartolo Jr. handed over $400,000 to former Louisiana Gov. Edwin Edwards at the SF Airport in order to clinch a riverboat gambling license.
    (SFC, 3/28/00, p.A3)(SFC, 4/12/00, p.A5)

1998        Mar 12, The Senate passed the ISTEA legislation, a $214 billion, 6-year bill called the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act.
    (SFC, 3/12/98, p.A1)
1998        Mar 12, The government reported the rate of new cancer cases among Americans had inched down for the first time; so 70,000 fewer people than expected were diagnosed between 1992 and 1995.
    (AP, 3/12/99)
1998        Mar 12, Beatrice Wood, ceramist, died at age 105. She was called "Mama of Dada" for her liaisons with Marcel Duchamp, Henri-Pierre Roche and others associated with the Dada movement of the early 20th century. A 1993 documentary was made titled: "Beatrice Wood: The Mama of Dada."
    (SFC, 3/14/98, p.A19)
1998        Mar 12, Manuel Pineiro (b.1934), the leader of Cuba’s intelligence apparatus, died in a car crash at age 63.
    (SFC, 3/14/98, p.A19)
1998        Mar 12, China agree to sign a UN pact on civil and political rights.
    (WSJ, 3/13/98, p.A1)
1998        Mar 12, In Indonesia students continued protests against Suharto and violent clashes with police broke out in Surabaya.
    (WSJ, 3/13/98, p.A1)
1998        Mar 12, A 22-part documentary on Israel’s 50-year history was being shown by state television. Rightwing politicians complained that it was too sympathetic to the Palestinians.
    (SFC, 3/13/98, p.A13)
1998        Mar 12, In Japan Yoshio Sugiyama (46), a Finance Ministry official, hanged himself following a widening investigation in corruption.
    (SFC, 3/13/98, p.A12)
1998        Mar 12, Serbian leaders proposed talks for autonomy in Kosovo, but residents dismissed the offer.
    (SFC, 3/13/98, p.A12)

1999        Mar 12, It was reported that scientists had developed a device to shoot streams of atoms in any direction. Atoms from a Bose-Einstein condensate were propelled with pulsating lasers.
    (SFC, 3/12/99, p.A6)
1999        Mar 12, Yehudi Menuhin, violinist, died at age 82 in Berlin.
    (SFC, 3/13/99, p.A1)
1999        Mar 12, Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic formally joined NATO in a ceremony at Independence, Mo., where Pres. Truman announced in 1949 the formation of the Atlantic alliance for defense against the Soviet bloc.
    (SFC, 3/11/99, p.C14)

2000        Mar 12, A $100 million ICO Global Communications satellite fell into the Pacific following a sea launch aboard a Russian-Ukrainian rocket.
    (SFC, 3/13/00, p.A11)
2000        Mar 12, Elections were held in El Salvador. The FMLN won 31 of the 84 assembly seats in Congress. ARENA was left with only 29 seats. 78 of 262 city elections were also won by the FMLN along with 8 of 14 provincial capitals.
    (SFC, 3/14/00, p.A8)
2000        Mar 12, In Iran Saeed Hajjarian, a member of the municipal council of Tehran and a supporter of Pres. Khatami, was shot and wounded by gunmen on a motorcycle.
    (SFC, 3/13/00, p.A10)
2000        Mar 12, In Mexico police captured Jesus Labra, leader of the Arellano Felix drug organization at a soccer game in Tijuana.
    (SFC, 3/13/00, p.11)
2000        Mar 12, In Morocco some 500,000 Muslim fundamentalist marched in Casablanca in opposition to the government's plan to extend women's rights. In Rabat another 200-300,000 people marched in support of the plan.
    (SFC, 3/13/00, p.A11)
2000        Mar 12, In Mozambique the death toll from flooding reached 492 and urgent shipments of seeds were being organized.
    (SFC, 3/13/00, p.A11)
2000        Mar 12, In Rome Pope John Paul II begged for God's forgiveness for sins committed or condoned by Roman Catholics over the last 2,000 years, including wrongs inflicted on Jews, women and minorities.
    (SFC, 3/13/00, p.A1)(AP, 3/12/01)
2000        Mar 12, In Russia agents captured Salman Raduyev, a Chechen warlord.
    (SFC, 3/14/00, p.A8)
2000        Mar 12, In Spain the conservative Popular Party under Prime Minister Jose Maria Aznar won the general election with 44.7% of the vote. The party won 183 of the 350 seats in Congress of Deputies.
    (SFC, 3/13/00, p.A10)

2001        Mar 12, A US Navy fighter dropped an errant 500-pound bomb in Kuwait that hit an observation post and killed five Americans and one New Zealander. Cmdr. David Zimmerman was later reprimanded and relieved of command.
    (SFC, 3/13/01, p.A1)(SFC, 5/23/01, p.C4)(AP, 3/12/02)
2001        Mar 12, The DJIA fell 436 to 10,208. The Nasdaq fell 129 to 1923. The 61% Nasdaq drop since Mar 10, 2000, was the largest in its 30 year history.
    (SFC, 3/13/01, p.A1)
2001        Mar 12, An anonymous donor pledged a no-strings-attached $360 million to Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) of Troy, NY, the largest donation to a university in US history.
    (SFC, 3/13/01, p.A4)
2001        Mar 12, Morton Downey Jr. (68), abrasive, chain-smoking, pioneer host of "Trash TV" talk shows, died. "The Morton Downey Show" premiered in NYC in 1987.
    (SFC, 3/14/01, p.A20)(AP, 3/12/02)
2001        Mar 12, Robert Ludlum (73), suspense novelist, died in Naples, Fla. His books included "The Scarlatti Inheritance," "The Chancellor Manuscript," the Bourne trilogy, "The Matlock Paper," "Trevayne" and others.
    (SFC, 3/13/01, p.A25)(AP, 3/12/02)
2001        Mar 12, In Guatemala Judge Hugo Martinez of Senahu was hacked to death and burned by a mob after he ruled that there was not sufficient evidence to hold 2 rape suspects.
    (SFC, 3/14/01, p.C12)
2001        Mar 12, In India Bangaru Laxman, president of the Bharatiya Janata Party, resigned following video taped images of bribery.
    (SFC, 3/14/01, p.C12)
2001        Mar 12, In Indonesia Pres. Wahid insisted he would not step down and warned that his ouster would lead to the disintegration of the country as over 10,000 demonstrated in Jakarta for his ouster. The main stock index fell 5% and the rupiah fell 12%.
    (SFC, 3/13/01, p.A15)
2001        Mar 12, Israel sealed off the city of Ramallah, the unofficial seat of the Palestinian Authority.
    (SFC, 3/13/01, p.A15)
2001        Mar 12, In Mexico the Fox administration announced its " Plan Puebla-Panama," an effort to close the economic gap between the north and poorer south.
    (SFC, 3/13/01, p.A16)
2001        Mar 12, In Mexico Zapatista rebels invaded the Naha nature preserve in southern Chiapas, home of Lacandon Indians, and took over some 250 acres of the 7,500-acre preserve.
    (SFC, 3/13/01, p.A16)
2001        Mar 12, Russia and Iran signed agreements to increase their military and economic cooperation.
    (SFC, 3/13/01, p.A16)
2001        Mar 12, In Uganda elections were held. Pres. Museveni (56) was challenged by Kizza Besigye (44), a retired army colonel. Vote-rigging charges marred the elections. Museveni won with 69.3% to Besigye’s 27.8%. Reports were made that 12 million ballots were counted with only 10.6 million registered to vote.
    (SSFC, 3/11/01, p.D4)(WSJ, 3/13/01, p.A1)(SFC, 3/14/01, p.C12)(SFC, 3/15/01, p.A13)
2001        Mar 12, Yugoslavia and Nato agreed to use their forces to squeeze Albanian rebels from separate flanks as the rebels signed a cease-fire.
    (SFC, 3/13/01, p.A15)

2002        Mar 12, The Bush administration announced a 5-color code system to alert Americans on the danger level posed by terrorists. Homeland security chief Tom Ridge announced that America was at yellow alert as he unveiled a color-coded system for terror warnings.
    (SFC, 3/13/02, p.A1)(AP, 3/12/07)
2002        Mar 12, In Houston a jury found Andrea Pia Yates (37) guilty of capital murder for drowning her 5 children. On Mar 15 she was sentenced to life in prison. Her conviction was overturned in 2005 by an appeals court which ruled a prosecution expert witness gave false testimony at her trial. In 2006 a jury found her not guilty by reason of insanity.
    (SFC, 3/13/02, p.A1)(SFC, 3/16/02, p.A1)(SFC, 7/27/06, p.A3)
2002        Mar 12, Martin Buser captured his fourth victory in the Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race.
    (AP, 3/12/07)
2002        Mar 12, The space shuttle Columbia returned to Earth, ending the Hubble Space Telescope repair mission.
    (AP, 3/12/07)
2002        Mar 12, In Lynbrook, NY, Rev. Lawrence Penzes (50) was shot dead at Our Lady of Peace Church on Long Island along with Mrs. Eileen Tosner (73) sitting in a pew. Penzes (b.1952), ordained in 1978, was shot in the back as he turned to sit just after finishing the homily next to the altar. Long Island police soon captured mentally-deranged Peter J. Troy (34), who had fired at least six shots from a.22-caliber rifle.
    (SFC, 3/13/02, p.A7)(www.safran-arts.com/42day/history/h4mar/h4mar12.html#deaths)
2002        Mar 12, Spyros Kyprianou (69), former Cyprus president (1977-1988), died of pelvic cancer.
    (SFC, 3/13/02, p.A26)
2002        Mar 12, In Jordan US VP Cheney met with King Abdullah II, who expressed concern over any possible strike against Iraq.
    (SFC, 3/13/02, p.A11)
2002        Mar 12, Israeli forces took control of Ramallah. 35 Palestinians were killed in the last 24 hours along with 7 Israelis.
    (SFC, 3/13/02, p.A1)(WSJ, 3/13/02, p.A1)
2002        Mar 12, The UN Security Council endorsed a Palestinian state for the 1st time and called for an immediate cease-fire.
    (SFC, 3/13/02, p.A1)

2003        Mar 12, Elizabeth Smart, the 15-year-old girl who'd vanished from her bedroom nine months earlier, was found alive in a Salt Lake City suburb with two drifters.
    (AP, 3/12/04)
2003        Mar 12, In Iowa David England, president of Des Moines Area Community College, was arrested along with his wife, son and daughter for conspiracy to manufacture and deliver marijuana.
    (SSFC, 3/23/03, p.C4)
2003        Mar 12, Howard Fast (b.1914), historical fiction author, died in Old. Greenwich, Conn. His books included "Citizen Tom Paine" (1943), "Freedom Road" (1944), "Spartacus" (1953) and "The Naked God" (1957).
    (SFC, 3/13/03, p.A21)
2003        Mar 12, Lynne Thigpen (54), actress, died in Los Angeles.
    (AP, 3/12/04)
2003        Mar 12, In Afghanistan an ambush on a US convoy prompted aircraft fire that killed 5 enemy fighters.
    (SFC, 3/14/03, p.A9)
2003        Mar 12, Britain proposed compromise language giving Saddam Hussein until Mar 17 to take 6 concrete disarmament steps.
    (WSJ, 3/13/03, p.A1)
2003        Mar 12, It was reported that the Congo Ebola outbreak was decimating the gorilla population with up to 800 lost at the Lossi sanctuary. The ape population of west equatorial Africa had fallen 50% since 1983 due to hunting and Ebola.
    (WSJ, 3/12/03, p.A1)(WSJ, 4/7/03, p.A1)
2003        Mar 12, In Nigeria tribal fighting began between the Ijaw and Itsekiri.
    (SFC, 3/21/03, p.A9)
2003        Mar 12, Serbia's PM Zoran Djindjic was assassinated in Belgrade. A group called "The Hague Brotherhood"  was later implicated along with the paramilitary group Unit for Special Operations. [see Mar 24].
    (SFC, 4/9/03, p.A7)

2004        Mar 12, An FBI proposal was made public to require all broadband Internet providers to support easy wiretapping.
    (SFC, 3/13/04, p.C2)
2004        Mar 12, In Fresno, Ca., Marcus Wesson (57) was arrested on suspicion of killing 9 family members, aged 1-24. He lived a bizarre life of polygamy and incest, even fathering two of his victims with his own daughters. In 2005 Wesson was convicted on 9 counts of murder and sentenced to death. In 2009 reporter Alysia Sofios authored “Where Hope Begins: One Family's Journey Out of Tragedy-and the Reporter Who Helped Them Make It.”
    (AP, 3/14/04)(SSFC, 3/14/04, p.A1)(SFC, 6/18/05, p.B7)(SFC, 7/28/05, p.B4)(SFC, 9/14/09, p.A1)
2004        Mar 12, Chinese state media reported that a 1,930-mile railway project to link China and Europe was announced by Kanat Zhangaskin, vice president of the Kazakhstan National Railway Co.
    (AP, 3/12/04)
2004        Mar 12, Haiti's new prime minister, Gerard Latortue, was sworn into office. US Marines killed two men during a patrol in Haiti and said they were gunmen who had previously fired on the Marines, although their weapons were never recovered. Witnesses said the dead were bystanders.
    (AP, 3/14/04)(AP, 3/12/05)
2004        Mar 12, Ivory Coast's ruling party accused opposition groups of plotting with rebels to overthrow the government, and it called on militant youth supporters to "mobilize" in defense.
    (AP, 3/12/04)
2004        Mar 12, South Korean markets plunged and finance officials scrambled to emergency policy meetings after President Roh Moo-hyun was stripped of his executive powers in an unprecedented impeachment for illegal electioneering. Roh's powers were reinstated by South Korea's Constitutional Court the following May.
    (WSJ, 3/12/04, p.A1)(AP, 3/12/05)
2004        Mar 12, Millions of Spaniards marched to protest train bombings the day before that killed 191 people.
    (AP, 3/12/05)
2004        Mar 12, In Qamishli, Syria, spectators inside the stadium were crushed in a stampede to escape an attack by rival fans and at least 5 people were killed. A riot broke out the next day during funeral services for 3 of the dead. The soccer riots spread to 3 other towns over the next few days and left 25 people dead and more than 100 injured in Kurdish areas of northern Syria.
    (AP, 3/13/04)(AP, 3/19/04)
2004        Mar 12, Somchai Neelapaichit, Thailand human rights lawyer, was kidnapped in Bangkok and never heard from again. 2 days before he vanished he had formally accused the police of torturing 5 Muslim men in custody.
    (Econ, 3/14/09, p.46)

2005        Mar 12, Brian Nichols, suspected in the slayings of a judge and three other people, surrendered to authorities in suburban Atlanta after allegedly holding Ashley Smith hostage in her own apartment.
    (AP, 3/12/06)
2005        Mar 12, It was reported that Bernardo Huberman, researcher at Hewlett-Packard, had described software called Tycoon for directing computons on computing grids. He used the term “computon” to describe a packet of electromagnetic energy.
    (Econ, 3/12/05, TQ p.6)
2005        Mar 12, In Brookfield, Wisconsin, Terry Ratzmann (44) opened fire with a handgun during an evangelical church service at a suburban Milwaukee hotel, killing 7 people before taking his own life.
    (AP, 3/13/05)(SFC, 3/14/05, p.A1)
2005        Mar 12, Algeria's minister for energy and mines said OPEC has reached its production limit, and trying to stretch output by one million barrels per day isn't likely to lower oil prices.
    (AP, 3/12/05)
2005        Mar 12, Britain's governing Labour Party claimed victory for pushing through its contentious anti-terrorism law after an acrimonious two-day debate in Parliament.
    (AP, 3/12/05)
2005        Mar 12, Ayman Nour, Egyptian opposition leader and presidential hopeful, walked out of Cairo's central security headquarters and was whisked to the shoulders of his supporters after posting bail.
    (AP, 3/12/05)
2005        Mar 12, Customers of the German Edeka supermarket chain will soon be able to pay for their shopping by placing their finger on a scanner at the check-out, saving up to 40 seconds spent scrabbling for coins or cards.
    (Reuters, 3/12/05)
2005        Mar 12, In Greece Karolos Papoulias (75), a former foreign minister, was sworn as the nation’s 6th president.
    (AP, 3/12/05)
2005        Mar 12, Donald Tsang, career bureaucrat, took office as interim leader of Hong Kong.
    (SSFC, 3/13/05, p.A16)
2005        Mar 12, In India 16 people were drowned and nine were feared dead in Gujarat when a bus fell into a canal after the driver lost control.
    (AP, 3/13/05)
2005        Mar 12, In Iraq gunmen shot to death three policemen and wounded a 4th at a funeral procession in the northern city of Mosul. 2 US security contractors were killed by a roadside bomb south of Baghdad.
    (AP, 3/12/05)(WSJ, 3/14/05, p.A1)
2005        Mar 12, It was reported that Lebanese have been switching their savings from Lebanese pounds to the safety of the dollar for fear the local currency will collapse, as it did during the war. The Central Bank has unloaded hundreds of millions of dollars to shore up the pound.
    (AP, 3/12/05)
2005        Mar 12, The Hamas militant group announced it will participate in Palestinian parliamentary elections.
    (AP, 3/12/05)
2005        Mar 12, In Portugal Jose Socrates was sworn in as PM vowing to keep friendly ties with the US despite naming a foreign minister who has compared Pres. Bush to Adolf Hitler.
    (AP, 3/12/05)
2005        Mar 12, Spanish police said they had cracked a money-laundering operation worth up to 250 million euros ($335.8 million) which might have links to YUKOS, but had not specified what those links might be.
    (AP, 3/13/05)
2005        Mar 12, In Lenzerheide, Switzerland, Bode Miller became the first American in 22 years to win skiing's overall World Cup title.
    (AP, 3/12/06)
2005        Mar 12, Turkish authorities closed the Bosporus Strait to maritime traffic after a roll-on-roll-off (ro-ro) vessel carrying 7 tanker trucks loaded with 138 tons of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) sank in the narrow waterway, which separates the European and Asian sides of Istanbul.
    (AP, 3/13/05)
2005        Mar 12, Ukraine withdrew 150 servicemen from Iraq, starting a gradual pullout that officials have said will be completed by October.
    (AP, 3/12/05)
2005        Mar 12, In central Vietnam an express passenger train derailed, killing at least 11 people and injuring some 200.
    (Reuters, 3/12/05)

2006        Mar 12, Capital One said it was buying North Fork, a NY bank, for $14.6 billion in cash and shares. Capital One was spun off from Virginia’s Signet Bank in 1994 as a pure credit-card company.
    (Econ, 3/18/06, p.69)
2006        Mar 12-2006 Mar 13, Swarms of tornadoes killed at least 10 people across the Midwest states of Indiana, Missouri, Oklahoma, Arkansas, South Dakota, Minnesota and Wisconsin. It caused so much damage in Springfield, Ill., that the mayor compared it to the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina.
    (AP, 3/13/06)
2006        Mar 12, In eastern Afghanistan a roadside bomb exploded as a US armored vehicle drove by, killing four American service members. In Kabul a suicide car bomb exploded into the convoy of an Afghan politician leading reconciliation efforts with the Taliban militia, injuring him and killing four other people.
    (AP, 3/12/06)
2006        Mar 12, Queen Elizabeth II arrived in Australia for a five-day state visit that has reignited the simmering debate over whether she should remain the country's head of state.
    (AP, 3/12/06)
2006        Mar 12, The Cameroon government announced its first case of bird flu, becoming the fourth African country to be struck by the virus. New cases were also reported in Poland and Greece.
    (AP, 3/13/06)
2006        Mar 12, In Colombia supporters of President Alvaro Uribe dominated the congressional elections in which candidates defined themselves by their views of the Colombian leader. Voters in Sucre re-elected Alvaro Garcia to the Senate and Erik Morris to the chamber of Representatives. Both men and another senator from Sucre were later charged with financing right-wing paramilitary groups.
    (AP, 3/13/06)(Econ, 11/18/06, p.40)
2006        Mar 12, El Salvador held elections. The next day the conservative ruling party claimed several victories over former leftist rebels in elections for congressional seats and mayorships across the country.
    (AP, 3/13/06)
2006        Mar 12, Iran said it had ruled out a proposal to move its uranium enrichment program to Russia, further complicating the international dispute over the country's nuclear program.
    (AP, 3/12/06)
2006        Mar 12, The Iraqi Defense and Interior ministries signed an agreement requiring them to conduct all raids jointly, in a bid to stop the operations of alleged death squads masquerading as police commandos. Bomb blasts, rocket and gunfire killed over 50 people in eastern Baghdad’s Sadr City and injured over 200. Gunmen and explosions left 12 Iraqis dead elsewhere in Baghdad.
    (AP, 3/12/06)(AP, 3/13/06)(SFC, 3/13/06, p.A10)(Econ, 3/18/06, p.47)
2006        Mar 12, In Iraq a family of 4 in the Khasir Abyad area, about 6 miles north of Mahmoudiya, were found killed. They included Abeer Qassim al-Janabi, who had been raped and shot in the face, her sister and her parents. A neighbor said the Abeer was 14 years old and her sister 10. In June up to 5 US soldiers of the 502nd Infantry Regiment were placed under investigation for the murders. On June 3 federal prosecutors charged former Army Pfc. Steven Green with the rape and killing of Abeer and her family. In 2007 Sgt. Paul Cortez (24) was sentenced to 100 years in prison for the gang rape and murder. Pfc. Jesse Spielman was sentenced to 110 years in prison. 3 other soldiers who pleaded guilty received sentences of 5 to 100 years. In 2009 Pfc. Steven Green was convicted of rape and murder. On September 4 a Kentucky court sentenced him to 5 consecutive life sentences.
    (SFC, 7/3/06, p.A6)(AP, 7/3/06)(SFC, 2/23/07, p.A3)(SSFC, 8/5/07, p.A16)(AP, 5/22/09)(SFC, 9/5/09, p.A2)
2006        Mar 12, Residents of Iwakuni, a southern Japanese city, voted no in an unprecedented non-binding referendum on whether to host the relocation of an additional US naval air wing.
    (AFP, 3/12/06)
2006        Mar 12, In Jordan 5 Islamic militants were convicted of plotting terrorist attacks on Jordanian intelligence agents, foreign tourists and upscale hotels and sentenced to prison terms ranging from 10 years to life.
    (AP, 3/12/06)
2006        Mar 12, In northwestern Pakistan villagers found the bodies two tribesmen shot dead by suspected Islamic militants, with a note on one of the bodies warning that anyone who spied for the US would meet the same fate.
    (AP, 3/12/06)
2006        Mar 12, In Lahore, Pakistan, skies normally alive with colorful kites to mark a spring festival were largely empty after police arrested 1,400 people over three days to enforce a ban imposed because of a series of fatal accidents.
    (AP, 3/12/06)
2006        Mar 12, African Union mediators presented cease-fire proposals for the conflict in Sudan's Darfur region, asking rebels and the Sudanese government to work together to end military activity against relief supply routes and refugee camps.
    (AP, 3/12/06)
2006        Mar 12, Tens of thousands of opposition supporters marched in Taipei to protest the Taiwanese president's decision to abolish a committee responsible for unification with rival China.
    (AP, 3/12/06)

2007        Mar 12, President Bush's message of goodwill in Latin America ran into a wall in Guatemala as he defended his efforts to establish a temporary worker program but gave no ground on the deportation of illegal workers.
    (AP, 3/12/07)
2007        Mar 12, US lawmakers responded angrily over a weekend announcement by Texas-based Halliburton, a US oil services giant, that it is shifting its corporate headquarters to Dubai.
    (AP, 3/12/07)
2007        Mar 12, Peter Smith, the highest-ranking American at UNESCO, sent a letter to director Koichiro Matsuura saying that fierce opposition to his reforms and the "negative climate" forced him to quit. Smith had served as associate director general for education. French business magazine Capital recently reported that Smith, a former Republican congressman from Vermont, had awarded seven contracts worth a total of $2 million to Washington-based Navigant Consulting without proper oversight from UNESCO's Executive Board.
    (AP, 3/16/07)
2007        Mar 12, A New Jersey a jury reversed an earlier verdict and hit Merck with a total of $47.5 million in damages in a Vioxx case of an Idaho postal worker. To date Merck had won 9 cases lost 5 over its former arthritis pill.
    (SFC, 3/13/07, p.A9)
2007        Mar 12, In California a federal district court issued a preliminary injunction on the sale and planting of genetically modified alfalfa, Roundup Ready alfalfa, marketed by Monsanto.
    (WSJ, 3/13/07, p.B5)
2007        Mar 12, New Mexico’s Gov. Bill Richardson signed a bill that outlawed cockfighting. This left Louisiana as the only state to allow organized cockfighting.
    (WSJ, 3/13/07, p.A4)
2007        Mar 12, New Century Financial Corp. , the largest independent U.S. subprime mortgage lender, said its lenders plan to halt financing, pushing the company closer to bankruptcy amid dwindling cash and $8.4 billion in obligations that could come due immediately.
    (Reuters, 3/12/07)
2007        Mar 12, New Jersey based Schering-Plough Corp. said it will buy the pharmaceuticals division of Akzo Nobel NV for 11 billion euros ($14.5 billion) in cash, acquiring the Organon brand of birth control and strengthening its drug pipeline with an anti-schizophrenia medication.
    (AP, 3/12/07)
2007        Mar 12, R.E.M. and Van Halen were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
    (AP, 3/12/08)
2007        Mar 12, Firefighters in Southern California faced another day of scorching heat and dry weather as they tried to corral a wind-whipped blaze that had already damaged two homes amid what is shaping up to be one of the driest years yet.
    (AP, 3/12/07)
2007        Mar 12, In southern Afghanistan NATO and Afghan troops clashed with suspected insurgents, shortly before calling in an airstrike on a compound that left two militants dead.
    (AP, 3/12/07)
2007        Mar 12, Australia's Muslims announced plans to form a political party to fight what they call growing Islamophobia spawned by the so-called war on terror.
    (AP, 3/12/07)
2007        Mar 12, In outback Australia floodwaters flowed into the world's largest ephemeral lake, triggering a once-in-a-decade explosion of bird and fish life in place of arid salt flats. The Lake Eyre basin itself covers an area bigger than France, Germany and Italy. The basin last topped its maximum five meter depth in 1974.
    (Reuters, 3/12/07)
2007        Mar 12, In Belgium officials said a man last week stole $28 million worth of diamonds from an Antwerp bank. He had been a trusted customer there for a year using a stolen Argentine passport. The bank discovered the theft on March 5, believing that someone took the stones that morning or the previous Friday from a vault used by pawnbrokers and diamond cutters.
    (AP, 3/12/07)
2007        Mar 12, Preah Maha Ghosananda (78), Buddhist spiritual leader of Cambodia, died.
    (Econ, 3/24/07, p.98)
2007        Mar 12, In central China villagers armed with bricks and rocks continued to clash with baton-wielding police over rising bus fares and at least 60 people were injured. A student died from wounds incurred a day earlier.
    (AP, 3/13/07)
2007        Mar 12, Interpol launched an international call for the arrest of Alvaro Araujo Noguera (74), former Colombian congressman and father of Colombia’s former Foreign Minister Maria Consuelo Araujo. He was believed to have fled to Venezuela after being accused of colluding with right-wing paramilitaries to kidnap a political rival.
    (AP, 3/12/07)
2007        Mar 12, In mountainous northern India a bus carrying a wedding party plunged into a gorge, killing at least 18 people and injuring another 27.
    (AP, 3/13/07)
2007        Mar 12, Iran issued a bank note with a nuclear symbol in a move seen as an assertion of its national will in the face of international sanctions over its insistence on enriching uranium.
    (AP, 3/12/07)
2007        Mar 12, Gen. David Petraeus, the top US commander in Iraq, said in a newly released interview that it's "indisputable" Iran is training and arming militants to fight against US-led troops in Iraq. Police found only nine bullet-riddled bodies in Baghdad, apparent victims of Sunni-Shiite reprisal killings.
    (AP, 3/13/07)
2007        Mar 12, Israel confirmed that it  has recalled Tsuriel Raphael, its ambassador to El Salvador, after he was found naked, bound and drunk two weeks earlier.
    (AP, 3/13/07)
2007        Mar 12, In Kuwait a US military contractor was killed and three others injured in an accident that may have involved unexploded ordnance at the largest American military base.
    (AP, 3/12/07)
2007        Mar 12, In Nigeria’s oil region hostage takers released 3 European captives. 2 Croatians and one Montenegrin seized Feb. 18 in Port Harcourt were in good health after their release to state officials.
    (AP, 3/12/07)
2007        Mar 12, In Pakistan lawyers boycotted court proceedings, clashed with riot police, and burned an image of President Gen. Pervez Musharraf in a countrywide protest against the ouster of the country's top judge.
    (AP, 3/12/07)
2007        Mar 12, In Gaza four masked gunmen abducted Alan Johnston, a BBC journalist. He was later reported to be held by the Dughmush clan and was released after several months.
    (AP, 3/13/07)(WSJ, 1/3/07, p.A14)(AP, 3/12/08)
2007        Mar 12, In Puerto Rico union leader Wallis Rivera Rodriguez (51) was allegedly killed because he was going to reveal financial wrongdoing at an apartment complex. In 2009 Jose Juan Viera Morales was extradited from New Jersey to face murder charges and for conspiring to distribute drugs.
    (AP, 12/10/09)(http://tinyurl.com/ycq2d93)
2007        Mar 12, A new party, Just Russia, that promotes itself as an opposition group but supports Vladimir Putin took a prominent place on Russia's political stage after regional elections that further consolidated the president's hold on power.
    (AP, 3/12/07)
2007        Mar 12, Authorities said Spanish police have arrested Brian David Anderson (61), a Canadian man suspected of helping finance Islamist terrorist activities. The Interior Ministry said Anderson is thought to be linked to a New York businessman, Abdul Tawala Ibn Ali Alishtari, 53, who was charged last month with terrorism financing, material support of terrorism and money laundering.
    (AP, 3/12/07)
2007        Mar 12, The Sri Lanka air force bombed a strategic Tamil Tiger jungle base in Thoppigala, killing at least eight rebels, including two senior guerrillas.
    (AP, 3/13/07)
2007        Mar 12, In Suriname Desi Bouterse, a former military dictator, offered his first public apology for the 1982 killings of 15 critics of his military regime, saying he accepted political responsibility for the deaths but denied involvement.
    (AP, 3/12/07)
2007        Mar 12, Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez shadowed his political foil President Bush on a tour of Western Hemisphere nations, stopping in Haiti after passing through Jamaica to promote aid packages and discuss development projects.
    (AP, 3/12/07)

2008        Mar 12, The United States signed agreements with EU members Latvia and Estonia that will enable the tiny Baltic nations to join the U.S. visa waiver program this year.
    (AP, 3/12/08)
2008        Mar 12, The US Treasury said the government turned in a $175.56 billion budget deficit for February, a record for any month. The federal deficit swelled to $263.3 billion in the first five months of this budget year.
    (Reuters, 3/13/08)
2008        Mar 12, The US Treasury said it blacklisted Future Bank of Bahrain because it is controlled by Bank Melli of Iran, which plays a role in financing Tehran’s nuclear and missile programs.
    (WSJ, 3/13/08, p.A3)
2008        Mar 12, NY Gov. Eliot Spitzer announced his resignation effective March 17, completing a stunning fall from power after he was nationally disgraced by links to a high-priced prostitution ring. This put Lt. Gov. David Peterson in place as the nation’s first legally blind governor.
    (AP, 3/12/08)(SFC, 3/12/08, p.A12)
2008        Mar 12, In Alaska Lance Mackey won his second consecutive Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race, completing the 1,100-mile journey in just under 9 1/2 days.
    (AP, 3/12/08)
2008        Mar 12, Howard Metzenbaum (b.1917), self-made millionaire and former Ohio Senator (1976-1995), died in Florida.
    (SFC, 3/13/08, p.A10)
2008        Mar 12, Afghan and international forces attacked Taliban militants as they traveled by motorcycle toward the Pakistan border. The troops employed airstrikes during a four-hour battle and killed 41 militants, including 17 from Nimroz. In southern Afghanistan a suicide car bomber attacked a convoy of Canadian troops, killing a passing civilian and wounding one soldier. In Zabul province, Afghan security forces and NATO troops launched an operation against Chechen fighters meeting in Daychopan district. The ensuing two-hour gun battle left three Chechens dead and six wounded. in Farah province, authorities recovered the dead body of the Pusht Rod district police chief, a day after he was kidnapped along with five other policemen.
    (AP, 3/12/08)(AP, 3/13/08)
2008        Mar 12, US-led forces in Afghanistan fired a missile into Pakistan that killed 4 women and 2 boys. Pakistan lodged a protest the next day with coalition forces in Afghanistan.
    (AP, 3/13/08)(SFC, 3/14/08, p.A17)
2008        Mar 12, In Australia police said a quarter-ton of cocaine with a street value of more than 80 million US dollars has been seized after being shipped in from Southeast Asia.
    (AFP, 3/12/08)
2008        Mar 12, In Austria a dispute began with the opening of "Religion, Flesh and Power," a collection of about 50 paintings, drawings and sculptures, some with homo-erotic themes, by Austrian artist Alfred Hrdlicka (80). Among them is Hrdlicka's rendition of the Last Supper: a large, loosely rendered black and white etching that shows Jesus and his disciples engaging in sex acts on the table where they shared their final meal before Christ's crucifixion.
    (AP, 4/12/08)
2008        Mar 12, Human Rights Watch said in a report that the armies of migrant workers building Beijing's skyscrapers and Olympic venues are being bilked of wages and placed in dangerous conditions. China's foreign minister said Human rights groups that cite the Beijing Games in their criticisms of the Chinese government are violating the Olympic charter.
    (AP, 3/12/08)
2008        Mar 12, In Iraq coalition soldiers killed a young Iraqi girl after firing a warning shot at a woman who "appeared to be signaling to someone" along a road where several bombs had recently been found. Chaldean Catholic Archbishop Paulos Faraj Rahho was found dead near the city of Mosul, where he was kidnapped last month. 3 US soldiers died in a rocket attack on Combat Outpost Adder near Nasiriyah.
    (AP, 3/13/08)
2008        Mar 12, Gaza's Hamas prime minister publicly set his conditions for a cease-fire with Israel to end the fighting that has killed dozens in recent weeks. Ismail Haniyeh demanded an end to Israeli military activity in the Hamas-ruled Gaza Strip, a lifting of Israeli economic sanctions and the opening of Gaza's borders. Hours later Israeli forces killed 4 Palestinian militants in the West Bank. Israeli troops riding in a taxi van pulled up behind the militants' parked Daihatsu and began shooting immediately.
    (AP, 3/12/08)(WSJ, 3/13/08, p.A1)(AP, 4/1/08)
2008        Mar 12, A UN tribunal extended the sentence of Rwandan Roman Catholic priest Athanase Serombawar to life in prison after upholding his war crimes conviction for ordering militiamen to burn and bulldoze a church with 1,500 people inside during the 1994 Rwandan genocide. He was originally sentenced to 15 years in prison.
    (AP, 3/13/08)
2008        Mar 12, Sri Lanka’s defense ministry said at least another 28 Tamil Tiger rebels were killed by security forces in overnight fighting across Sri Lanka's embattled north. Air force fighter jets pounded three suspected rebel bases in Mannar.
    (AFP, 3/12/08)
2008        Mar 12, Turkish troops killed 11 Kurdish rebels during clashes near the border with Iraq.
    (WSJ, 3/13/08, p.A1)

2009        Mar 12, Bernard Madoff pleaded guilty to charges that he carried out an epic fraud that robbed investors around the world of billions of dollars, turning a revered money man into an overnight global disgrace whose name became synonymous with the economic meltdown.
    (AP, 3/12/09)
2009        Mar 12, Texas Gov. Rick Perry announced that he turned down $555 million of federal stimulus funding that would expand the state's unemployment benefits, saying the money would have required the state to keep paying for the expanded benefits after the stimulus money ran out.
    (AP, 3/12/09)
2009        Mar 12, Anthony Doyle, former Chicago police officer, was sentenced to 12 years in prison for racketeering. He was accused of providing information on gangland investigations to reputed mob boss Joseph Lombardo.
    (SFC, 3/13/09, p.A6)
2009        Mar 12, Swiss pharmaceutical giant Roche agreed to pay $46.8 billion to buy the 44 percent of biotech pioneer Genentech that it doesn't already own, ending a long corporate struggle with its US-based cancer drug partner.
    (AP, 3/12/09)
2009        Mar 12, The Pacific Fishery Management Council agreed to extend for a 2nd year the fishing ban of chinook salmon in California and Oregon.
    (SFC, 3/13/09, p.B1)
2009        Mar 12, Leonore Annenberg (b.1918), the widow of billionaire publisher Walter Annenberg (d.2002), died in southern California. She had continued directing the philanthropy of the Annenberg Foundation based in Radnor, a suburb of Philadelphia, Pa.
    (SFC, 3/13/09, p.B8)
2009        Mar 12, The UN refugee agency said Angola is launching a fresh effort to bring back refugees still displaced in neighboring African countries, seven years after the end of the civil war in 2002.
    (AFP, 3/12/09)
2009        Mar 12, Antiguan voters, worried by the fallout from an alleged $8 billion fraud scheme involving R. Allen Stanford, decided between the ruling party and the one that welcomed the Texas financier to the Caribbean nation nearly two decades ago. Preliminary results indicated that Antigua's ruling party will stay in power, but with a narrower margin in parliament.
    (AP, 3/12/09)(AP, 3/13/09)
2009        Mar 12, In Canada 17 people died in the frigid waters off Canada's Atlantic coast after a Sikorsky S-92 helicopter crashed while ferrying workers to an offshore oil platform. It went down about 47 nautical miles southeast of the Newfoundland and Labrador capital of St. John's. One person was rescued.
    (Reuters, 3/12/09)(Reuters, 3/13/09)
2009        Mar 12, China announced plans to assist millions of unemployed migrant workers with increases in grain subsidies and rural infrastructure projects.
    (AP, 3/12/09)
2009        Mar 12, In Germany a scientist accidentally pricked her finger with a needle used to inject the deadly Ebola virus into lab mice. Within 48 hours of the accident, the at-risk scientist, a woman (45) whose identity has not been revealed, was injected with an experimental  vaccine from Canada. After 2 weeks the woman appeared to be healthy. At the time of the accident, she was wearing three layers of protective gloves, and though the needle stuck her, the plunger of the syringe was not pushed so it's not certain the virus entered her bloodstream.
    (AP, 3/27/09)
2009        Mar 12, The leaders of two of Indonesia's biggest political parties signed an agreement on shared goals amid speculation they could join forces against President Yudhoyono.
    (AFP, 3/12/09)
2009        Mar 12, Latvia's parliament approved a new center-right government with Europe's youngest premier as the economic crisis in this Baltic state deepened. A 67-21 vote made PM Valdis Dombrovskis (37) and his 5-party coalition Latvia’s third government in 15 months.
    (AP, 3/12/09)
2009        Mar 12, Liberia’s agriculture ministry said the country has been hit by a 2nd invasion of crop-destroying caterpillars. Over a hundred villages have so far been affected by the plague.
    (AFP, 3/12/09)
2009        Mar 12, Mexico extradited two former US Border Patrol agents accused of taking bribes from migrant smugglers. The US Embassy said Raul Villarreal and Fidel Villarreal allegedly fled to Mexico after they learned US authorities were investigating them in 2006. Two suspected migrant smugglers were also extradited.
    (AP, 3/12/09)
2009        Mar 12, Dutch police arrested Giovanni Strangio (30), an Italian man wanted for the August 15, 2007, mob killings of six people in the western German city of Duisburg.
    (AP, 3/13/09)
2009        Mar 12, Pakistani police clashed with black-suited lawyers and opposition activists after the launch of a cross-country protest rally in defiance of government attempts to stop it. Paramilitary forces backed by jets and helicopter gunships killed 18 militants in a restive Pakistani tribal region bordering Afghanistan. A suspected US missile strike in northwest Pakistan killed at least 24 people, most of them Taliban militants.
    (Reuters, 3/12/09)(AFP, 3/12/09)(AFP, 3/13/09)
2009        Mar 12, The Islamic militant group Hamas made a rare criticism of Palestinian rocket fire on Israel, saying now is the wrong time as truce talks continue.
    (AP, 3/12/09)
2009        Mar 12, Serbia’s war crimes court convicted 13 Serbs of war crimes for the execution style killings of some 200 Croats in 1991 during the Balkan conflicts. 7 former soldiers received the maximum 20-year sentence.
    (SFC, 3/13/09, p.A2)
2009        Mar 12, The Sri Lankan army seized the last remaining medical facility held by separatist Tamil Tiger rebels in the north of the island. The army estimated that fewer than 500 Tigers were still fighting, although they had also forced some civilians to fight as well.
    (AP, 3/12/09)
2009        Mar 12, Thailand's opposition filed a censure motion against PM Abhisit Vejjajiva and five government ministers, accusing them of corruption.
    (AP, 3/12/09)
2009        Mar 12, Turkish warplanes carried out new bombing raids against Kurdish rebel positions in northern Iraq. The strike targeted hideouts of the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) in the Zap-Avashin region of the Kurdish-held autonomous north of Iraq.
    (AFP, 3/13/09)
2009        Mar 12, In Zimbabwe Roy Bennett, a top aide to PM Morgan Tsvangirai, was released on bail after a legal battle that has raised doubts about Zimbabwe's new unity government.
    (AP, 3/12/09)

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