Today in History - March 13

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483        Mar 13, St. Felix began his reign as Catholic Pope.
    (HN, 3/13/98)

607        Mar 13, The 12th recorded passage of Halley's Comet occurred.
    (HN, 3/13/98)

1194        Mar 13, Richard I, King of England, landed at Sandwich and immediately prepared to march north to recover his castles.
    (ON, 8/07, p.9)

1401          Mar 13, The 1st Samogitian uprising supported by Vytautas took place against the German knights. (LHC, 3/13/03)

1519        Mar 13, The Spaniards under Cortez landed at Veracruz. Cortez landed in Mexico with 10 stallions, 5 mares and a foal.
    (SFEC,11/9/97, p.T5)(SFC, 9/2/96, p.A3)(HN, 3/13/98)

1564          Mar 13, Zigmantas Augustas gave over to Poland his rights to Lithuania and supported the Warsaw parliament recess and summons for the 1st representatives on talks regarding union.
    (LHC, 3/13/03)

1569        Mar 13, Count of Anjou defeated the Huguenots at the Battle of Jarnac. Louis Conde, French prince, co-leader of Huguenots, died in battle.
    (MC, 3/13/02)

1599        Mar 13, Johannes Berchmans, Jesuit, saint, was born in Belgium.
    (MC, 3/13/02)(de Winkler Prins encyclopedia)

1610        Mar 13, Galileo published his observations of the night sky under the title “Siderius Nuncius” (Starry Messenger).
    (CW, Spring ‘99, p.36)

1615        Mar 13, Innocent XII, Roman Catholic Pope, was born.
    (HN, 3/13/98)

1634        Mar 13, Academie Francaise was established. Its task was to preserve the purity of the French language, which included maintaining a dictionary. Members came to be known as the “immortals” and by 1998 they were struggling with masculine nouns of positions held by women who desired feminine endings.
    (SFC, 1/17/98, p.A12)(MC, 3/13/02)

1639        Mar 13, Cambridge College was re-named Harvard University for clergyman John Harvard.
    (AP, 3/13/98)(MC, 3/13/02)

1656        Mar 13, Jews were denied the right to build a synagogue in New Amsterdam.
    (MC, 3/13/02)

1660        Mar 13, A statute was passed limiting the sale of slaves in the colony of Virginia.
    (HN, 3/13/99)

1677        Mar 13, Massachusetts gained title to Maine for $6,000.
    (MC, 3/13/02)

1716        Mar 13, Georg Gabriel Schutz (46), composer, died.
    (MC, 3/13/02)

1733        Mar 13, Joseph Priestly (d.1804), English chemist, author and clergyman, was born. He is credited with the discovery of oxygen.
    (HN, 3/13/99)(WUD, 1994 p.1142)

1741        Mar 13, Jozef II, arch duke of Austria, Roman Catholic German emperor (1765-90), was born.
    (MC, 3/13/02)

1744        Mar 13, David Allan, Scottish painter, was born.
    (MC, 3/13/02)

1752        Mar 13, Josef Reicha, composer, was born.
    (MC, 3/13/02)

1764        Mar 13, Charles Earl Grey (Whig), British Prime Minister (1830-1834), was born.
    (HN, 3/13/98)(MC, 3/13/02)

1777        Mar 13, Congress ordered its European envoys to appeal to high-ranking foreign officers to send troops to reinforce the American army.
    (HN, 3/13/99)

1781        Mar 13, Astronomer William Herschel discovered the planet Uranus, which he named 'Georgium Sidus,' in honor of George III. He initially though it was a comet. It is the 7th planet from the sun and revolves around the sun every 84.02 years. It is 14.6 time the size of Earth and has five satellites.
    (AHD, p.1408)(HFA, '96, p.26)(AP, 3/13/98)(HN, 3/13/99)(MC, 3/13/02)

1797        Mar 13, Cherubini's opera "Medee," premiered in Paris.
    (MC, 3/13/02)

1798        Mar 13, Abigail Powers Fillmore, First Lady, was born.
    (HN, 3/13/98)

1835        Mar 13, Charles Darwin departed Valparaiso for Andes crossing.
    (MC, 3/13/02)

1846        Mar 13, Friedrich Hebbel's "Maria Magdalena," premiered in Konigsberg.
    (MC, 3/13/02)

1848        Mar 13, Metternich was overthrown by a mob in Vienna. This ended his career as foreign minister of Austria and Emp. Francis I elevated him to the rank of prince.
    (ON, 5/04, p.4)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lajos_Kossuth)

1852        Mar 13, Uncle Sam made his debut as a cartoon character in the New  York Lantern.
    (AP, 3/13/98)

1855        Mar 13, Percival Lowell (d.1916), astronomer, was born. He predicted the discovery of the planet Pluto. He also wrote “The Soul of the Far East” and “Occult Japan.” He predicted the existence of a planet behind Neptune before Pluto was discovered by Tombaugh in 1930.
    (NH, 12/96, p.22)(HN, 3/13/99)

1861        Mar 13, Jefferson Davis signed a bill authorizing slaves to be used as soldiers for the Confederacy.
    (HN, 3/13/98)

1868        Mar 13, The impeachment trial of President Andrew Johnson began in the U.S. Senate.
    (AP, 3/13/97)(ON, 9/01, p.7)

1869        Mar 13, Arkansas legislature passed anti-Klan law.
    (MC, 3/13/02)

1872        Mar 13, Oswald Garrison Villard, American journalist, was born.
    (MC, 3/13/02)

1881        Mar 13, Alexander II (b.1818), Tsar of Russia, was assassinated. A bomb was thrown at him near his palace by the anarchist group People’s Will led by Sophia Perovskaya. He was succeeded by his son Alexander III (36). A wave of repression and persecution followed. In 2005 Edvard Radzinsky authored the biography “Alexander II: The Last Great Tsar.”
    (PCh, 1992, p.557)(WSJ, 4/17/03, p.D8)(WSJ, 10/27/05, p.D7)

1982        Mar 13, At the Massacre of Rio Negro 130 [177] Achi Maya women and children were killed by Xococ patrolmen. On Nov 30, 1998, three Xococ pro-government fighters, Carlos Chen, Pedro Gonzalez and Fermin Lajuj, were sentenced to death for their war crimes in the massacre. In 2003 the PBS documentary "Discovering Dominga" told the story of a Mayan girl who survived the massacre and her struggle to discover what happened to her family.
    (SFC, 12/1/98, p.A11)(SFC, 1/18/99, p.A11)(SFC, 7/14/00, p.A11)(SFC, 7/4/03, p.E3)

1883        Mar 13, Sergei Degaev (26) shot and killed Lt. Col. Georgii Sudeikin, security chief of Czar Alexander III. The 2 men had conspired to undermine both the government and the Revolutionary People’s Will. Degaev fled Russia to the US where he earned a Ph.D. in mathematics at Johns Hopkins and became the 1st math prof. At the new Univ. of South Dakota, where he taught until he died in 1921. In 2003 Richard Pipes authored “The Degaev Affair.”
    (WSJ, 4/17/03, p.D8)

1884        Mar 13, US Congress adopted Eastern Standard Time for the District of Columbia.
    (AP, 3/13/07)
1884        Mar 13, Siege of Khartoum, Sudan, began. Gen. Gordon ordered a counter-attack at Halfaya and troops rescued some 500 from a Mahdist assault.
    (ON, 4/02, p.10)(MC, 3/13/02)

1886        Mar 13, Albert William Stevens, balloonist and photographer, was born.
    (HN, 3/13/01)

1887        Mar 13, Chester Greenwood of Maine patented earmuffs.
    (MC, 3/13/02)

1888        Mar 13, Great Blizzard of 1888 raged. During the blizzard a cattle drover killed his biggest ox, gutted it, and crawled inside to survive the freeze.
    (SFEC, 1/25/98, Z1 p.8)(MC, 3/13/02)

1892        Mar 13, Janet Flanner, writer ("Letter from Paris"), was born.
    (HN, 3/13/01)

1894        Mar 13, The Dynamite Squadron of ships, purchased and outfitted in the US, steamed into the harbor of Rio de Janeiro. Rebel sailors immediately surrendered in exchange for safe passage to Argentina aboard Portuguese warships. The rebellion ended a weeks later when the rebel flagship, Aquidbada, was captured off Desterro by the American crew of the Nictheroy, the former Morgan steamship El Cid.
    (ON, 12/06, p.12)

1896          Mar 13, The 1st telephone station in Vilnius began operating.
    (LHC, 3/13/03)

1898        Mar 13, The ship New York, built in Philadelphia in 1888 as the T.F. Oaks,  was caught in the surf of Half Moon Bay and broke up after a few days. It was 259 days out of Hong Kong and all 22 aboard under Capt. Thomas Peabody made it to shore. Most of the cargo was lost.
    (Ind, 4/6/02, 5A)

1900        Mar 13, George Seferis (d.1991), Greek poet, was born.
    (HN, 3/13/01)

1901        Mar 13, Benjamin Harrison (67), 23rd president of the United States (1889-1893), died in Indianapolis.
    (AP, 3/13/97)(MC, 3/13/02)

1905        Mar 13, Margaretha Zelle made her debut as the oriental dancer “Mata Hari,” in Paris.
    (WSJ, 1/16/97, p.A16)(AP, 3/13/97)

1906        Mar 13, Susan B. Anthony (b.1820), abolitionist and advocate of black suffrage as well as the rights of women to vote, died at age 85. Eleanor Roosevelt suggested that Susan B. Anthony should be added to the four faces of Mount Rushmore.  Eleanor Roosevelt later suggested that social reformer and woman suffrage leader Susan B. Anthony should be included with the images of Washington, Jefferson, Lincoln, and Theodore Roosevelt, but her suggestion was not accepted.
    (AP, 3/13/99)(HNQ, 4/17/00)

1908        Mar 13, Walter Annenberg (d.2002), publisher (Triangle-TV Guide), Ambassador to GB, was born in Milwaukee, the 6th of 9 children.
    (SFC, 10/2/02, p.A2)(AP, 3/13/08)
1908        Mar 13, Jerusalem's inhabitants saw their first automobile owned by Charles Glidden of Boston.
    (HN, 3/13/98)

1911        Mar 13, LaFayette Ron Hubbard (L. Ron Hubbard, d.1986), sci-fi writer, scientologist founder of Scientology (Dyanetics), was born.
    (SFC, 2/12/01, p.A13)(MC, 3/13/02)
1911        Mar 13, The Supreme Court approved the corporate tax law.
    (HN, 3/13/98)

1913        Mar 13, William J. Casey, headed CIA during Iran Contra scandal (1981-87), was born.
    (MC, 3/13/02)
1913        Mar 13, Kansas legislature approved censorship of motion pictures.
    (MC, 3/13/02)

1913        Mar 15, Lewis Robert Wasserman (d.2002) was born in Cleveland. In 1946 Dr. Jules Stein (d.1981), founder of Music Corp. of America hired Lew Wasserman as director of advertising and public relations. Wasserman went on to expand the company as MCA Inc. into a major entertainment conglomerate.
    (SFC, 6/4/02, p.A18)

1915        Mar 13, Dodgers manager Wilbert Robinson tried to catch a baseball dropped from an airplane, but the pilot substituted a grapefruit.
    (MC, 3/13/02)
1915        Mar 13, The Germans repelled a British Expeditionary Force attack at the battle of Neuve Chapelle in France.
    (HN, 3/13/99)

1918        Mar 13, Women were scheduled to march in the St. Patrick's Day Parade in New York due to a shortage of men.
    (HN, 3/13/98)

1920        Mar 13, The Kapp Putsch took place, involving a group of Freikorps troops who gained control of Berlin and installed Wolfgang Kapp (a right-wing journalist) as chancellor. The national government fled to Stuttgart and called for a general strike. The strike crippled Germany's ravaged economy and the Kapp government collapsed after only four days on March 17.
    (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weimar_Republic)

1921        Mar 13, Mongolia (formerly Outer Mongolia) declared independence from China.
    (HN, 3/13/98)(MC, 3/13/02)

1922        Mar 13, George Bernard Shaw’s "Back to Methusaleh V," premiered in NYC.
    (MC, 3/13/02)

1923        Mar 13, Lee de Forest demonstrated his sound-on-film moving pictures in NYC.
    (MC, 3/13/02)

1924        Mar 13, The Reichstag was dissolved for the fifth time in German history.
    (HN, 3/13/98)

1925        Mar 13, The Tennessee legislature passed the Butler Bill which prohibited the teaching of evolution in the public schools. [see Mar 21,23]
    (Nat. Hist., 4/96, p.74-76)(AP, 3/13/97)

1928        Mar 13, Rudolph Friml's musical "Three Musketeers," premiered in NYC.
    (MC, 3/13/02)
1928        Mar 13, In California hundreds of people died when the San Francisquito Valley was inundated with water after the St. Francis Dam burst just before midnight on March 12.
    (AP, 3/13/08)

1930        Mar 13, The Lowell Observatory in Arizona announced Clyde Tombaugh’s Feb 18 discovery of a new planet, later named Pluto.
    (HN, 3/13/98)(NH, 6/03, p.20)

1931        Mar 13, Rosalind Elias, mezzo-soprano, was born in Lowell, Mass.
    (MC, 3/13/02)

1932        Mar 13, Hindenburg won 49.6% of the vote in the German presidential election, Hitler won 30.1%, and the rest of the votes went to other candidates. Since Hindenburg did not win a majority, a run-off election was set for April.
    (www.fff.org/freedom/fd0403a.asp)

1933        Mar 13, Banks began to re-open after a holiday declared by President Roosevelt.
    (AP, 3/13/97)
1933        Mar 13, In Germany Wagner’s opera “Die Meistersinger” was used to celebrate the first Nazi-dominated Reichstag and became the Third Reich’s national festival opera.
    (WSJ, 8/2/96, p.A10)(AP, 3/13/97)
1933        Mar 13, Josef Goebbels became Nazi minister of Information and Propaganda.
    (MC, 3/13/02)

1935        Mar 13, Driving tests were introduced in Great Britain.
    (MC, 3/13/02)
1935        Mar 13, Three-thousand-year-old archives were found in Jerusalem confirming biblical history.
    (HN, 3/13/98)

1936         Mar 13, The first meeting of the Friday the 13th Club founded by Philip Klein, advertising executive, was held. Klein requested that the club self-destruct before the year 2001.
    (SFEC, 10/13/96, Parade p.19) (AP, 3/13/97)
1936        Mar 13, William Alexander Coulter (b.1849), Irish-born maritime artist, died, in Ca.
    (SFC, 7/4/05, p.B1)(www.edanhughes.com/biography.cfm?ArtistID=145)

1938        Mar 13, Clarence S. Darrow (80), famed attorney in the Scopes Monkey Trial, died in Chicago.
    (AP, 3/13/98)(MC, 3/13/02)

1940        Mar 13, The 105-day war between Russia and Finland ended with the signing of a treaty in Moscow. Finland capitulated conditionally to Soviet terms, but maintains its independence. Some 27,000 Finnish soldiers were killed and 43,000 wounded in a population of 3.7 million. The Soviet Union put its losses at 217,500 dead or wounded.
    (HN, 3/13/01)(AP, 11/30/09)

1941        Mar 13, Hitler issued an edict calling for an invasion of the USSR
    (HN, 3/13/98)

1942        Mar 13, Julia Flikke of the Nurse Corps became the first woman colonel in the U.S. Army.
    (HN, 3/13/98)

1943        Mar 13, There was a failed assassination attempt on Hitler during the Smolensk-Rastenburg flight.
    (MC, 3/13/02)
1943        Mar 13, Germans closed the Krakow ghetto in Poland.
    (HN, 3/13/98)
1943        Mar 13, Japanese forces ended their attack on the American troops on Hill 700 in Bougainville.
    (HN, 3/13/99)

1945        Mar 13, Queen Wilhelmina returned to Netherlands.
    (MC, 3/13/02)
1945        Mar 13, Peru declared war on Germany.
    (HN, 3/13/98)   
   
1947        Mar 13, "The Best Years of Our Lives" won the Academy Award for best picture of 1946; Oscars also went to its director, William Wyler, lead actor Fredric March and supporting actor Harold Russell; Olivia De Havilland won best actress for "To Each His Own"; Anne Baxter won best supporting actress for "The Razor's Edge."
    (SFEC, 3/23/97, DB p.38)(AP, 3/13/97)
1947        Mar 13, The Lerner and Loewe musical "Brigadoon" opened on Broadway for 581 performances.
    (AP, 3/13/97)(MC, 3/13/02)

1951        Mar 13, Israel demanded DM 6.2 billion ($1.5 billion) in German reparations for the cost of caring for war refugees.
    (HN, 3/13/98)(MC, 3/13/02)
1951        Mar 13, Alfred Hugenberg, German RC pres-dir of Krupp, media magnate, died.
    (MC, 3/13/02)

1954        Mar 13, Viet Minh General Giap opened an assault on French forces at Dien Bien Phu, Vietnam. In 2010 Ted Morgan (aka Sanche Armand Gabriel de Gramont) authored “Valley of Death: The Tragedy at Dien Bien Phu That Led America into the Vietnam War.”
    (HN, 3/14/98)(Econ, 4/3/04, p.86)(Econ, 2/20/10, p.80)

1957        Mar 13, The FBI arrested Jimmy Hoffa on bribery charges.
    (HN, 3/13/98)
1957        Mar 13, Bloody battles followed an anti-Batista demonstration in Havana, Cuba.
    (MC, 3/13/02)

1960        Mar 13, NFL's Chicago Cardinals moved to St Louis.
    (MC, 3/13/02)

1961        Mar 13, Pablo Picasso (79) married his model Jacqueline Rocque (37).
    (MC, 3/13/02)

1962        Mar 13, John F. Kennedy met Cameroon President Ahmadou Ahidjo.
    (HN, 3/13/98)

1963        Mar 13, China invited  Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev to visit Peking.
    (HN, 3/13/98)

1964        Mar 13, Some 38 residents of a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Queens failed to respond to the cries of Kitty Genovese, 28, as she was being stabbed to death.
    (AP, 3/13/97)

1968        Mar 13, Atlantic Richfield Company (ARCO) and Humble Oil and Refining Company (now Exxon Company, U.S.A.) announced the discovery of oil on Alaska’s North Slope (Prudhoe Bay). The oil companies soon began efforts to construct a pipeline, but work was suspended due to environmental concerns.
    (AH, 2/05, p.14)(www.alyeska-pipe.com/Pipelinefacts/Chronology.html)

1969        Mar 13, In Vietnam Navy Lt. John Kerry rescued Jim Rassman on the Bay Hap River while under Viet Cong fire. In 2004 Kerry became the Democratic nominee for President.
    (SSFC, 2/8/04, p.A1)
1969        Mar 13, The Apollo 9 astronauts splashed down, ending a mission that included the successful testing of the lunar module.
    (AP, 3/13/97)

1970        Mar 13, Cambodia ordered Hanoi and Viet Cong troops to get out.
    (HN, 3/13/98)

1971        Mar 13, Rockwell Kent (b.1882), artist, illustrator and printmaker, died in New York. He was a member of the rugged realist school of landscape painters. In the 1930s he created a set of illustrations for "Moby Dick." In 1960 he donated 80 paintings and 800 watercolors to the people of the Soviet Union.
    (WSJ, 8/15/00, p.A24)(SFC, 8/25/01, p.D12)

1973        Mar 13, George Norman skipped out of Denver on a 2-year sentence for embezzling more than $500,000 from the now defunct Rocky Mountain Bank. He evaded arrest for 23 years and made millions by legal means until his capture in Knoxville, Tenn., in 1996.
    (SFC, 11/26/96, p.A8)

1974        Mar 13, The Dow Jones dropped to 577.60.
    (WSJ, 7/22/96, p.B1)(http://tinyurl.com/4uu3s9)

1975        Mar 13, Bernard Slade's "Same Time, Next Year," premiered in NYC. In 1978 it was made into a film starring Ellen Burstyn and Alan Alda.
    (www.theatredb.com/QShow.php?sid=s1314)

1976        Mar 13, In California a jury convicted 4 Black Muslims for 3 murders and 4 assaults out of a total of 23 Bay Area crimes that included 14 murders. Jessie Lee Cooks, Larry Craig Green, Manuel Moore and J.C.X. Simon were given life sentences.
    (SFEC, 3/1/98, p.W22)

1979        Mar 13, European Monetary System (EMS) entered into force.
    (http://europa.eu.int/abc/history/1961/index_en.htm)

1980        Mar 13, Ford Motor Chairman Henry Ford II announced he was stepping down.
    (AP, 3/13/00)
1980        Mar 13, A jury in Winamac, Ind., found Ford Motor Company innocent of reckless homicide in the fiery deaths of three young women riding in a Ford Pinto.
    (AP, 3/13/00)

1981        Mar 13, Pres. Reagan granted Atlanta $1.5 million to search for the murderer of some 20 black children.
    (http://tinyurl.com/3ytusv)
1981        Mar 13, In the Poletown case the Michigan Supreme Court allowed Detroit to take 1,000 homes and 600 businesses to make way for a General Motors Corp. plant. The decision was overturned in 2004 when the court ruled that state and local governments may not take property from one private owner and give it to another purely for the purpose of economic development.
    (WSJ, 7/30/04, p.A6)(www.hoover.org/publications/policyreview/2920831.html)

1982        Mar 13, In Guatemala at the Massacre of Rio Negro 177 Achi Maya women and children were killed by Xococ patrolmen. On Nov 30, 1998, three Xococ pro-government fighters, Carlos Chen, Pedro Gonzalez and Fermin Lajuj, were sentenced to death for their war crimes in the massacre. In 2003 the PBS documentary "Discovering Dominga" told the story of a Mayan girl who survived the massacre and her struggle to discover what happened to her family. In 2008 5 former paramilitary members were sentenced to 780 years each in prison for massacring 26 people at Rio Negro.
    (SFC, 12/1/98, p.A11)(SFC, 1/18/99, p.A11)(SFC, 7/14/00, p.A11)(SFC, 7/4/03, p.E3)(AP, 5/30/08)

1983        Mar 13, "Woman of the Year" closed at Palace Theater NYC after 770 performances.
    (www.ibdb.com/production.asp?id=4104)

1985        Mar 13, Konstantin Chernenko was buried near the Kremlin Wall in Moscow. Mikhail Gorbachev became the new leader of the Soviet Union. He oversaw the dismantling of the Soviet nuclear arms stockpile and the end of the Soviet Union itself.
    (HN, 3/13/99)

1986        Mar 13, The US submarine Nathaniel Green was severely damaged when it ran aground in the Irish Sea. It was deactivated in May, 1986.
    (http://navysite.de/ssbn/ssbn636.htm)

1987        Mar 13, John Gotti was acquitted of racketeering.
    (HN, 3/13/98)
1987        Mar 13, The president of Ecuador announced his country had suspended payments on its foreign debt after earthquakes killed hundreds of people and ruptured the country's main oil pipeline. The quake destroyed nearly 25 miles of oil pipeline.
    (AP, 3/13/97)(SFC, 5/1/03, A8)
1987        Mar 13, Gerald Moore (b.1899), pianist, died in England. The book: “Am I Too Loud?, Memoirs of Gerald Moore” was published in 1962.
    (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald_Moore)

1988        Mar 13, Yielding to student protests, the board of trustees of Gallaudet University in Washington, D.C., a liberal arts college for the hearing-impaired, chose I. King Jordan to become the school's first deaf president, replacing Elisabeth Ann Zinser, a hearing woman..
    (AP, 3/13/98)
1988        Mar 13, John Curtis Holmes, former porn star, died of an AIDS-related illness. In 2003 the film "Wonderland" starred Val Kilmer as Holmes.
    (ST, 10/17/03, p.22H)(http://tinyurl.com/4whfj)

1989        Mar 13, The U.S. Food and Drug Administration began a quarantine of all fruit imported from Chile after traces of cyanide were found in two Chilean grapes.
    (AP, 3/13/99)
1989        Mar 13, The space shuttle Discovery blasted off from Cape Canaveral, Fla., on a five-day mission.
    (AP, 3/13/99)
1989        Mar 13, In Canada a transformer failure on one of the main power transmission lines in the HydroQuebec system precipitated a catastrophic collapse of the entire power grid. The string of events that produced the collapse took only 90 seconds from start to finish. There was no time for any meaningful intervention. The transformer failure was a direct consequence of ground induced currents from a space weather disturbance high in the atmosphere. 6 million people lost electrical power for 9 or more hours.
    (www.windows.ucar.edu/spaceweather/blackout.html)

1990        Mar 13, President Bush lifted trade sanctions against Nicaragua in a show of support for President-elect Violeta Chamorro.
    (AP, 3/13/00)
1990        Mar 13, The Soviet Congress of People's Deputies approved Mikhail S. Gorbachev's proposals for a multiparty political system headed by a powerful president.
    (AP, 3/13/00)
1990        Mar 13, Bruno Bettelheim (86), Austrian-US psychoanalyst, committed suicide. His books included "The Empty Fortress" (1967), on infantile autism and "the Use of Enchantment" (1976), a study of fairy tales. In 1996 Richard Pollak wrote: "The Creation of Dr. B: A Biography of Bruno Bettelheim." In 2002 Theron Raines authored "Rising to the Light: A Portrait of Bruno Bettelheim."
    (SFC, 12/29/96, BR p.1)(SSFC, 9/8/02, p.M4)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruno_Bettelheim)

1991        Mar 13, President Bush, during a visit to Ottawa, Canada, warned Iran against seizing Iraqi territory in the aftermath of the Persian Gulf War.
    (AP, 3/13/01)
1991        Mar 13, Exxon pleaded guilty to criminal charges and agreed to pay $100 million fine in a $1.1 billion settlement of the Exxon Valdez oil spill. The deal fell apart when the Alaska House rejected it. A new settlement was reached later.
    (www.epa.gov/history/topics/valdez/02.htm)(HN, 3/13/98)(AP, 3/13/01)

1992         Mar 13, The U.N. Security Council stood firm in its demand that Iraq comply totally with Gulf War cease-fire resolutions, rebuffing an appeal for leniency from Saddam Hussein's special envoy, deputy prime minister Tariq Aziz.
    (AP, 3/13/97)
1992        Mar 13, Some 498 died in an earthquake at Erzincan, Turkey.
    (www.uwm.edu/Dept/Geosciences/qketour/qkexampl/qk990817.html)

1993        Mar 13, A deadly blizzard paralyzed much of the East Coast, leaving more than 100 dead in its wake. Syracuse, NY, was covered with fresh snow 43 inches thick.
    (AP, 3/13/98)(SFC, 3/13/09, p.D8)
1993        Mar 13, The Russian Congress adjourned after a session that seriously weakened President Boris Yeltsin's power.
    (AP, 3/13/98)

1994        Mar 13, A South African diplomat took over as leader of Bophuthatswana as the black homeland's president, Lucas Mangope, was deposed.
    (AP, 3/13/99)
1994        Mar 13, The Israeli Cabinet outlawed two Jewish extremist groups, Kach and Kahane Lives, branding them terrorist organizations.
    (AP, 3/13/99)

1995        Mar 13, Two Americans working for U.S. defense contractors in Kuwait, David Daliberti and William Barloon, were seized by Iraq after they strayed across the border; sentenced to eight years in prison, both were freed the following July.
    (AP, 3/13/00)
1995        Mar 13, Istanbul police killed at least 15 Alawi (Alevi) demonstrators.
    (http://tinyurl.com/byu4j)

1996        Mar 13, World leaders, including President Clinton, held a summit in Sharm El-Sheik, Egypt, where they vowed unequivocal support for the Mideast peace process.
    (AP, 3/13/97)
1996        Mar 13, Liggett, the nation's fifth-largest tobacco company, made history by settling a private class-action lawsuit alleging cigarette makers manipulated nicotine to hook smokers. Liggett became the first tobacco company to acknowledge that cigarettes are addictive and cause cancer. In 1997 Bennet LeBow, owner of Liggett, revealed that Philip Morris had agreed to pay $10 million per year in legal fees while he kept silent.
    (AP, 3/15/97)(SFC, 7/22/97, p.A2)
1996        Mar 13, Thomas Hamilton (43) killed 16 kindergarten children, a teacher and himself in a classroom in Dunblane, Scotland.
    (WSJ, 3/14/96, p.A-1)(AP, 3/13/01)

1997        Mar 13, Eddie DeBartolo, owner of the SF 49ers, was awarded a Louisiana casino license one day after paying former Gov. Edwin Edwards $400,000 in cash.
    (SFC, 4/12/00, p.A5)
1997        Mar 13, The UN General Assembly voted 130 to 2 for Israel to abandon its plan to build new Jewish housing on Arab land.
    (SFC, 3/14/97, p.A12)
1997        Mar 13, In Australia it was revealed that the 1995 award-winning autobiography of an Aboriginal woman, “My Own Sweet Time, “ was actually written by a 47-year-old white man in Sidney named Leon Carmen.
    (SFC, 3/14/97, p.A16)
1997        Mar 13, A Jordanian soldier fired on Israeli junior high school girls on a field trip, killing seven of them. The soldier, Cpl. Ahmed Daqamseh, was later sentenced by a military court to life in prison.
    (SFC, 3/14/97, p.A13)(AP, 3/13/98)
1997        Mar 13, Four masked, suspected Islamic gunmen opened fire in a Christian village in southern Egypt and killed 14 men before escaping.
    (SFC, 3/14/97, p.A16)(AP, 3/13/98)

1998        Mar 13, US Sergeant Major Gene McKinney (47), once the Army's top enlisted man, was cleared on 18 of 19 charges brought against him by women who said he pressured them for sex. He was convicted for obstruction of justice for trying to persuade his chief accuser to lie. McKinney was reprimanded and demoted by one rank.
    (SFC, 3/14/98, p.A1)(WSJ, 3/17/98, p.A1)(AP, 3/13/99)
1998        Mar 13, U.S. Rep. Joseph P. Kennedy II, D-Mass., announced he would not seek a seventh term.
    (AP, 3/13/99)
1998        Mar 13, Canada legalized the growing of industrial hemp
    (SFC, 3/14/98, p.A10)
1998        Mar 13, Israeli and Palestinian troops made a joint effort to end four days of protests over the killing of West Bank workers.
    (SFC, 3/14/98, p.A9)
1998        Mar 13, In Korea Pres. Kim Dae-Jung approved an amnesty that cleared the records of 0f 5.5 million Koreans and freed scores of political prisoners. He also planned to release 2,300 prison inmates who spent over 2 decades in jail for supporting North Korea.
    (SFC, 3/13/98, p.A14)
1998        Mar 13, In Kosovo 40,000 ethnic Albanians protested against Serbia.
    (SFC, 3/14/98, p.A8)

1999        Mar 13, Evander Holyfield, the WBA and IBF champion, and Lennox Lewis, the WBC champion, kept their respective titles after fighting to a controversial draw in New York.
    (AP, 3/13/00)
1999        Mar 13, It was reported that Nasa measurements showed ice sheets in the low-lying areas of Greenland were melting at the rate of 3-feet per year.
    (SFC, 3/13/99, p.A6)(AP, 3/13/00)
1999        Mar 13, Garson Kanin, playwright and film director, died in New York at age 86.
    (SFEC, 3/14/99, p.D8)
1999        Mar 13, In Indonesia the National Front Party of prime minister Mahathir Mohamad won elections in oil-rich Sabah state with 25 of the 48 seats.
    (SFEC, 3/14/99, p.A8)
1999        Mar 13, In Kosovo 2 bombs struck in Podujevo and 1 in Kosovska Mitrovica killing 6 people and wounding 58. The state TV blamed the Albanians, who in turn blamed the Serbs.
    (SFEC, 3/14/99, p.A17)
1999        Mar 13, Serb government forces destroyed more than 25 homes of ethnic Albanians in Kosovo, apparently in retaliation for the killing of Serb civilians.
    (AP, 3/13/00)
1999        Mar 13, In Turkey 13 people were killed in a bomb attack on a shopping center in the Goztepe section of Istanbul.
    (SFEC, 3/14/99, p.A24)
1999        Mar 13, In Zimbabwe three Americans appeared in court on charges of terrorism, espionage and sabotage against Pres. Kabila. They had been tortured and pictures with the names: Gary George Blanchfield, Jona Lamonte-Dixon, and Joseph Pettijohn were displayed. The men were associated with Harvestfield Ministries in Indianapolis.
    (SFC, 3/13/99, p.A13)(SFC, 3/15/99, p.A8)(WSJ, 3/15/99, p.A1)

2000        Mar 13, A quarter century after the end of the Vietnam War, US Defense Secretary William Cohen arrived in Hanoi to push the pace of reconciliation.
    (AP, 3/13/01)
2000        Mar 13, CBS began filming its “Survivor” show on the Malaysian island of Pulau Tiga. Filming lasted to April 20 and the last survivor was to be awarded a $1 million prize.
    (SFC, 6/2/00, p.C15)
2000        Mar 13, The Tribune Co. bought the LA Times in a $6.5 billion merger with the Times Mirror Co. This ended 119 years of ownership of the LA Times by the Otis and Chandler families.
    (SFC, 3/14/00, p.A1)
2000        Mar 13, In Costa Rica 2 American women were found shot to death near Cabhuita. Emily Howell of Kentucky and Emily Eagen of Michigan were attacked while driving an SUV. A 16-year-old boy was later arrested and 2 other suspects were sought. Jorge Alberto Urbina (19) was arrested Mar 28. The 16-year-old was sentenced to 14 ½ years in prison.
    (SFC, 3/15/00, p.A10)(SFC, 3/28/00, p.A12)(SFC, 3/29/00, p.A15)(SFC, 7/28/00, p.A12)
2000        Mar 13, In Japan the government reported that the economy swung back into recession at the end of 1999.
    (SFC, 3/13/00, p.A11)
2000        Mar 13, In Taiwan the Taipei market dropped 617 points in fear of an election win by Democratic Progressive Party candidate Chen Shui-bian.
    (SFC, 3/14/00, p.A8)
2000        Mar 13, In Mongolia the Red Cross reported that winter blizzards had killed over 1 million head of livestock and that some 300,000 people were short of food. The dead animal number was soon raised to 1.8 million, or 1 in every 15 in the nation.
    (SFC, 3/14/00, p.A10)(SFC, 3/27/00, p.A12)

2001        Mar 13, Pres. Bush backed off from seeking reductions in carbon dioxide emissions due to projected higher energy costs from a shift from coal to natural gas.
    (SFC, 3/14/01, p.A1)
2001        Mar 13, Ahmed Ressam, an Algerian national who was arrested with a carload of explosives just before New Year's Eve 1999, went on trial in Los Angeles on charges of plotting to bomb Seattle and other U.S. cities during the millennium celebrations. He was convicted of terrorism the following month.
    (AP, 3/13/02)
2001        Mar 13, In China four writers were detained a few months after they had formed the New Youth Study Group for discussing political change in China. In 2003 Xu Wei (28) and Jin Haike (26) were sentenced to 10 years in prison for subverting state power. Yang Zili (32) and Zhang Honghai (29) were sentenced to 8 years.
    (SFC, 5/30/03, p.A16)
2001        Mar 13, In Costa Rica Shannon Martin (23), a student from Topeka, Kan., was stabbed to death, after she left a nightclub in Golfito, 100 miles south of San Jose. In 2003 Kattia Cruz, 28, and Luis Alberto Castro, 38, were found guilty of murder and sentenced to 15 years in prison for the killing.
    (AP, 11/25/03)
2001        Mar 13, France announced its first case of foot-and-mouth disease, prompting the U.S. Department of Agriculture to suspend imports of livestock and fresh meat from the European Union.
    (SFC, 3/14/01, p.A1)(AP, 3/13/02)
2001        Mar 13, Japan’s Nikkei Stock Average fell 351 to 11,819, a 16-year low.
    (WSJ, 3/14/01, p.A14)
2001        Mar 13, In Indonesia supporters and opponents of Pres. Wahid staged protests as police clashed with students who threw rocks and gasoline bombs in Jakarta.
    (SFC, 3/14/01, p.A9)
2001        Mar 13, North Korea cancelled negotiations with South Korea due to Pres. Bush’s toughened stance on the North.
    (SFC, 3/14/01, p.A10)

2002        Mar 13, President Bush declared at a news conference that Iraqi President Saddam Hussein was a menace "and we're going to deal with him," and said Osama bin Laden had been reduced to a marginal figure in the war on terrorism.
    (AP, 3/13/07)
2002        Mar 13, The US Senate rejected higher fuel economy standards for cars.
    (SFC, 3/14/02, p.A1)
2002        Mar 13, Pres. Mubarek of Egypt said he would press Iraq to readmit UN weapons inspectors and had received indications of agreement.
    (SFC, 3/14/02, p.A6)
2002        Mar 13, In India a high-court panel ruled that no religious ceremony may be held in Ayodhya at the 67-acre site of the former Babri Masjid mosque, destroyed by Hindus in 1992. Mahant Paramhans Ramchandra, head of the Ram temple movement, vowed to defy the court order.
    (SFC, 3/14/02, p.A7)(SFC, 3/15/02, p.A16)
2002        Mar 13, In Indonesia Sjahril Sabirin, governor of the central bank, was convicted of corruption and sentenced to 3 years in prison. In 1999 some $80 million intended for the bailout of PT Bank Bali was used to help finance the election campaign of then Pres. Habibie.
    (WSJ, 3/14/02, p.A10)
2002        Mar 13, Palestinians set off a bomb next to an Israeli tank escorting a convoy in Gaza and 3 Israelis were killed. 2 Palestinians stabbed an Israeli husband and wife in Nachliel. An Italian photographer was killed by fire from an Israeli tank.
    (SFC, 3/14/02, p.A6)(WSJ, 3/14/02, p.A1)
2002        Mar 13, In Zimbabwe Pres. Mugabe was declared the winner with 1.6 million votes to Tsvangirai’s 1.2 mil. The opposition apposed the results and many observers described the process as deeply flawed.
    (SFC, 3/14/02, p.A7)

2003        Mar 13, Forced into a diplomatic retreat, U.S. officials said President Bush might delay a vote on his troubled United Nations resolution or even drop it, and fight Iraq without the international body's backing.
    (AP, 3/13/04)
2003        Mar 13, The Senate voted 64-33 to ban a procedure that critics called partial birth abortion.
    (AP, 3/13/04)
2003        Mar 13, In Alaska Robert Sorlie of Norway won the Iditarod Trail Sled Dog race in nine days, 15 hours, 47 minutes.
    (AP, 3/13/04)
2004        Mar 13 Iran froze inspections of its nuclear facilities after the U.N. atomic agency censured Tehran for hiding suspect activities. Tehran relented two days later.
    (AP, 3/12/05)
2003        Mar 13, Israeli soldiers mistakenly killed 2 Israeli security guards.
    (SFC, 3/14/03, p.A13)
2003        Mar 13, Nepal and Maoist rebels agreed to release all prisoners of war and set guidelines for peace.
    (WSJ, 3/14/03, p.A1)
2003        Mar 13, The UN Human Rights chief excoriated the US Guantanamo policy. He said the world shouldn't have territory "where no law applies."
    (WSJ, 3/14/03, p.A1)

2004        Mar 13, Near Barstow, California, robotic vehicles began a 200-mile road race sponsored by DARPA. The Pentagon sponsored race ended without a winner, as none of the autonomous vehicles built by the 15 qualifying teams was able to travel farther than 7 miles from the starting line.
    (SFC, 3/13/04, p.A1)(AP, 3/14/04)
2004        Mar 13, In Afghanistan Taliban armed with rockets and heavy machine guns attacked a government office near the Afghan-Pakistan border, sparking a firefight that killed one Afghan soldier and three Taliban.
    (AP, 3/14/04)
2004        Mar 13 Iran froze inspections of its nuclear facilities after the U.N. atomic agency censured Tehran for hiding suspect activities. Tehran relented two days later.
    (AP, 3/12/05)
2004        Mar 13, In Tikrit, Iraq, a roadside bomb killed two American soldiers and wounded three. 3 American soldiers died in two bomb explosions in Baghdad. A 4th died from his injuries the next morning.
    (AP, 3/13/04)(AP, 3/14/04)
2004        Mar 13, Israeli soldiers shot and killed two Palestinian militants in an off-limits military zone between Israel and the Gaza Strip.
    (AP, 3/13/04)
2004        Mar 13, In Pakistan the India cricket team beat a Pakistan team at Karachi's National Stadium in a match that came down to the final ball.
    (SSFC, 3/14/04, p.A15)

2005        Mar 13, The Disney Corp. board of directors named Robert Iger to succeed Michael Eisner in October.
    (WSJ, 3/14/05, p.A1)
2005        Mar 13, In southern Brazil a tourist-filled bus crashed into a logging truck, killing seven people and injuring at least 20.
    (AP, 3/13/05)
2005        Mar 13, Paul Schaefer (83), former head of a secretive German colony in southern Chile, was flown to Santiago after his arrest in Argentina. Schaefer founded Colonia Dignidad, or Dignity Colony, a commune-like enclave in 1961, and is accused in the disappearance of a dissident under dictator Gen. Augusto Pinochet.
    (AP, 3/13/05)
2005        Mar 13, In India at least 19 people were killed and 15 injured when a bus skidded off a mountain road into a deep gorge in Uttaranchal.
    (AP, 3/13/05)
2005        Mar 13, Israel's Cabinet adopted a report on the state's complicity in setting up 105 illegal West Bank settlement outposts and decided to dismantle 24 of them.
    (AP, 3/13/05)
2005        Mar 13, Kyrgyzstan held parliamentary runoff elections amid rising tension over signs the longtime leader plans to extend his rule beyond constitutional limits. President Askar Akayev (60) won an overwhelmingly loyal Parliament in runoff elections. The opposition won 6 of 75 seats and said the vote was riddled with abuses.
    (AP, 3/14/05)(SFC, 3/15/05, p.A3)
2005        Mar 13, Vigilantes in Oaxaca, Mexico, killed a state police officer setting him on fire in revenge for the shooting of a taxi driver in a barroom brawl.
    (AP, 3/13/05)
2005        Mar 13, Saudi police killed an alleged Islamic militant and arrested three others in a shootout at a suspected terror cell hideout in the Red Sea city of Jiddah.
    (AP, 3/13/05)
2005        Mar 13, In Musina, South Africa, thousands of protesters held an 18-hour vigil on the border with Zimbabwe to demonstrate against mounting repression in the neighboring country two weeks before a key parliamentary election there.
    (AP, 3/13/05)
2005        Mar 13, Pope John Paul II was released from the hospital and returned to his Vatican apartment overlooking St. Peter's Square.
    (AP, 3/13/06)
2005        Mar 13, Venezuela announced that it would seize parts of 4 large estates, some 270,000 acres of farmland, after finding irregularities in their ownership status.
    (WSJ, 3/15/05, p.A18)

2006        Mar 13, The US Agriculture Dept. confirmed that a cow in Alabama had tested positive for mad cow disease. The animal had not entered the food supply for people of animals. This case of the disease, as well as one from Texas in 2005, was later reported as atypical.
    (SFC, 3/14/06, p.A3)(SFC, 6/12/06, p.A6)
2006        Mar 13, Deadly tornadoes raked the Midwest while wildfires scorched the Texas Panhandle.
    (AP, 3/13/07)
2006        Mar 13, The Cleveland Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inducted Black Sabboth, Blondie, Miles Davis, Lynyrd Skynyrd and the Sex Pistols at a ceremony in NYC.
    (SFC, 3/14/06, p.A2)
2006        Mar 13, The National Gay and Lesbian Task Force announced a merger with the Institute for Welcoming Resources, a religious group representing 1,400 Protestant organizations that unconditionally welcome gays and lesbians.
    (SFC, 3/14/06, p.A2)
2006        Mar 13, US Credit-card issuer Capital One Financial Corp. said it has agreed to buy North Fork Bancorp. Inc. in a stock and cash deal worth about $14.6 billion.
    (AP, 3/13/06)
2006        Mar 13, The McClatchy Co. said it has reached a deal to buy Knight Ridder Inc., the second-largest U.S. newspaper publisher, for about $4.5 billion in cash and stock. McClatchy will also assume about $2 billion in Knight Ridder's debt.
    (AP, 3/13/06)
2006        Mar 13, South Korea’s Kia Motors Corp. said it will build a $1.2 billion factory in West Point, Ga., its first in the US. Toyota said it will build a plant in Lafayette, Ind.
    (SFC, 3/14/06, p.D3)
2006        Mar 13, Heart researchers said clogging of arteries by plaque was reversed through aggressive use of an anticholesterol statin.
    (WSJ, 3/14/06, p.A1)
2006        Mar 13, Peter Tomarken (63), former host of the 1980s TV game show "Press Your Luck," and his wife, Kathleen Abigail Tomarken (41), were killed along with 2 others when their small plane crashed into Santa Monica Bay, Ca.
    (www.eonline.com/News/Items/0,1,18559,00.html?fdnews)
2006        Mar 13, Maureen Stapleton (b.1925), film and stage actress, died in Lenox, Mass.
    (SFC, 3/14/06, p.B5)
2006        Mar 13, Abdul Rahim Wardak, Afghanistan's defense minister, said the national army will be fully operational within four to five years and ready to take over more responsibility for security from international troops.
    (Reuters, 3/13/06)
2006        Mar 13, A UN agency said bird flu has been found at two sites in Afghanistan and there's a high risk that tests could prove it to be the deadly H5N1 strain.
    (AP, 3/13/06)
2006        Mar 13, Bangladesh riot police fired tear gas in Dhaka to disperse hundreds of stone-throwing activists who tried to march in support of a general strike.
    (AP, 3/13/06)
2006        Mar 13, Rana Abdel Rahim Koleilat (39), a fugitive bank executive wanted for questioning in the U.N. probe of former Lebanese Prime Minister Rafik Hariri's assassination, was arrested in Brazil on an unrelated charge. She offered officers up to $200,000 to release her and was arrested on a charge of attempted bribery. In 2003 Koleilat made headlines in Lebanon and Europe in connection with questions about her role in the disappearance of $300 million from the private Medina Bank where she worked. The funds' disappearance was the worst financial scandal at a Lebanese bank since the country's 1975-90 civil war.
    (AP, 3/13/06)
2006        Mar 13, Defense Secretary John Reid said Britain will cut its forces in Iraq by 10 percent, a reduction of about 800 troops, by May because Iraqi security forces are becoming more capable of handling security.
    (AP, 3/13/06)
2006        Mar 13, In London 6 men participated in a drug trial and soon became seriously ill. The men had been given does of TGN1412, a monoclonal antibody developed by TeGenero AG of Wuerzburg, Germany, for treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases and leukemia.
    (AP, 3/16/06)(Econ, 4/8/06, p.78)
2006        Mar 13, Newly inaugurated President Michelle Bachelet said that all Chileans older than 60 will immediately begin receiving free care at public hospitals.
    (AP, 3/13/06)
2006        Mar 13, News reports said the world industrial-standards association has rejected China's controversial wireless encryption standard for global use.
    (AP, 3/13/06)
2006        Mar 13, Liu Zhijun, China’s minister of railways, announced $25 billion plans to build two new high-speed train lines linking Shanghai with Beijing (1320km) and another linking Shanghai and Hangzhou (175km). Plans included the use of magnetic levitation technology that can reach speeds of 260 mph.
    (AP, 3/13/06)(Econ, 3/25/06, p.69)
2006        Mar 13, Germany's public sector strikes entered their sixth week developing into a test of union strength and exposing cracks between the parties in Chancellor Angela Merkel's coalition government.
    (AP, 3/13/06)
2006        Mar 13, Merck KGaA, a maker of pharmaceuticals and specialty chemicals, launched a 15-billion-euro (18-billion-dollar) hostile takeover bid for Berlin-based rival Schering, opening the way for a bitter bidding battle.
    (AP, 3/13/06)
2006        Mar 13, Indonesia's state-run oil and gas company Pertamina and Exxon Mobil Corp. agreed to jointly operate the country's largest untapped oil field, ending a five-year dispute that had shaken foreign investors' confidence in the sprawling archipelago.
    (AP, 3/13/06)
2006        Mar 13, Iranian lawmakers approved spending $15 million to investigate alleged American intervention in the country.
    (AP, 3/13/06)
2006        Mar 13, Iraqi officials received a report alleging that American soldiers had killed a family of 4 in the Khasir Abyad area, about 6 miles north of Mahmoudiya. Police found four hanged men dangling from electricity pylons in a Baghdad Shiite slum, hours after car bombs and mortars shells ripped through teeming market streets, killing at least 58 people and wounding more than 200. An armed group that says it was created with government backing to drive al-Qaida fighters out of a restive Iraqi province claimed that it had killed five top members of the terrorist group. 2 US soldiers assigned to the 2nd Brigade Combat Team of the 28th Infantry Division, Pennsylvania Army National Guard, were killed in fighting in Anbar province.
    (AP, 3/13/06)(AP, 3/15/06)(AP, 7/1/06)
2006        Mar 13, The Tokyo Stock Exchange said shares of disgraced Japanese Internet startup Livedoor Co. will be delisted from the exchange next month over alleged securities law violations.
    (AP, 3/13/06)
2006        Mar 13, Leaders of Lebanon's rival factions resumed talks after a weeklong break in an attempt to agree on the biggest issues that divide the country, the fate of the pro-Syrian president and the U.N. call for Hezbollah's disarmament.
    (AP, 3/13/06)
2006        Mar 13, Mexico’s attorney general said he will close a special prosecutor's office dedicated to investigating atrocities committed by the government during its two-decade campaign to weed out suspected guerrillas and leftists.
    (AP, 3/13/06)
2006        Mar 13, Myanmar reported its first case of the deadly H5N1 strain of bird flu.
    (AP, 3/13/06)
2006        Mar 13, Nepal's royal government offered amnesty, cash, jobs and land to communist rebels who surrender in the next three months.
    (AP, 3/13/06)
2006        Mar 13, In Nigeria and official report said ethnic and religious fighting, land disputes and communal conflicts have driven more than three million Nigerians from their homes since the return to democracy in 1999.
    (Reuters, 3/13/06)
2006        Mar 13, A Spanish judge indicted 32 people for allegedly plotting to drive a truck packed with explosives into a courthouse that has been the hub for anti-terrorism investigations. Authorities suspected that Mohamed Achraf was planning to ram a truck loaded with 1,100 pounds of explosives into the court in downtown Madrid.
    (AP, 3/21/06)
2006        Mar 13, Jan Egeland, the UN humanitarian chief, said increasing violence has left hundreds of thousands of civilians in Sudan's Darfur region without food and facing the prospect of widespread disease and death within weeks.
    (AP, 3/13/06)
2006        Mar 13, Pope Benedict XVI and Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak held talks at the Vatican about Iran, Iraq and the prospects for lasting peace in the Middle East.
    (AP, 3/13/06)

2007        Mar 13, Attorney General Alberto Gonzales admitted mistakes in how the Justice Department handled the dismissal of eight federal prosecutors but said he wouldn't resign.
    (AP, 3/13/08)
2007        Mar 13, Federal agents in Connecticut raided New Haven police headquarters and charged the head of the narcotics division with stealing thousands of dollars planted by the FBI during sting operations.
    (AP, 3/14/07)
2007        Mar 13, In Alaska Lance Mackey won the Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race, in nine days, five hours, eight minutes.
    (AP, 3/13/08)
2007        Mar 13, New Mexico got an official state neckwear, a real Western icon, the bolo tie.
    (AP, 3/13/07)
2007        Mar 13, The US Mortgage Bankers Association reported that 13% of subprime borrowers were behind in their payments. It was estimated that 13% of all adjustable rate mortgages originated between 2004 and 2006 and were headed for repossession in the next few years.
    (Econ, 3/24/07, p.79)
2007        Mar 13, Viacom filed a $1 billion suit against YouTube and parent company Google, to stop the publication of Viacom videos without authorization.
    (SFC, 3/14/07, p.A1)
2007        Mar 13, Environmental group Greenpeace launched a fresh attack on genetically modified maize developed by US biotech giant Monsanto, saying that rats fed on one version developed liver and kidney problems.
    (Reuters, 3/13/07)
2007        Mar 13, Scientists reported the discovery of what appear to be sea-size bodies of liquid, probably methane or ethane, on the surface of Titan, Saturn's largest moon, with one about as big as Montana.
    (AP, 3/13/07)
2007        Mar 13, Entrepreneur Marc Hodosh (34) was named senior director of the Archon Genomics X Prize. His job was to offer $10 million to the first team of researchers that can accurately map the genetic codes of 100 people in 10 days for a cost of $10,000 or less per genome. The competition was launched in 2006 year by the nonprofit X Prize Foundation of Santa Monica, Calif., which also has sponsored races to build commercial spacecraft and fuel-efficient cars.
    (http://tinyurl.com/2vfp9b)(Econ, 12/8/07, p.94)
2007        Mar 13, In Boston Raymond Echavarria (23) dragged his ex-girlfriend, Xiomara Rhodes (21) into an elevator in the office building where she worked and ignited a can of gasoline. Investigators treated the slaying as a murder-suicide.
    (SFC, 3/16/07, p.A8)
2007        Mar 13, A suicide bomber crossed the border from Pakistan into southern Afghanistan and blew himself up in a crowded pedestrian area, killing three civilians and wounding eight.
    (AP, 3/13/07)
2007        Mar 13, Australia and Japan signed a groundbreaking defense pact in Tokyo that the leaders of both countries stressed was not aimed at reining in China, but the road ahead for a two-way trade deal looked rougher.
    (AP, 3/13/07)
2007        Mar 13, The British government published its climate-change bill.
    (Econ, 3/17/07, p.60)
2007        Mar 13, Brazil announced that it will build a wall on a small portion of its border with Paraguay in an effort to combat contraband and smuggling.
    (AP, 3/13/07)
2007        Mar 13, Canada said it had the highest population growth rate among G-8 industrialized nations between 2001 and 2006, thanks to the arrival of 1.2 million immigrants.
    (AP, 3/13/07)
2007        Mar 13, In Colombia Trino Luna, the governor of Magdalena province, surrendered to federal prosecutors, becoming the first opposition politician arrested as part of the widening scandal over links between the country's political elite and far-right militias.
    (AP, 3/13/07)
2007        Mar 13, Some 20 lawmakers fired last week by Ecuador's top electoral court for allegedly interfering with plans for a constitutional referendum forced their way past dozens of police guarding Congress and took up their seats.
    (AP, 3/13/07)
2007        Mar 13, Five Europeans, kidnapped in Ethiopia and held captive for 13 days, were released in good health in Eritrea. 8 Ethiopians kidnapped with the group were still missing.
    (AP, 3/14/07)(WSJ, 3/14/07, p.A1)
2007        Mar 13, France's highest court rejected as unlawful the first marriage by a gay couple in France, annulling the union of the two men.
    (AP, 3/13/07)
2007        Mar 13, Iraq's Shiite prime minister made a groundbreaking and unannounced visit to Ramadi, the Sunni insurgent stronghold in Anbar province. A roadside bomb hit a minibus carrying Industry Ministry employees in northern Baghdad, killing two workers and wounding six. In Suwayrah police dragged two bodies out of Tigris River. The bodies showed signs of torture. In Kut gunmen killed Ibrahim Sasa, an interpreter working for coalition troops.
    (AP, 3/13/07)
2007        Mar 13, In Jamaica Cricket’s World Cup began with the 1st match between Pakistan  and the West Indies. The ICC Cricket World Cup was hosted by the West Indies from March 13 to April 28, 2007.
    (http://edition.cnn.com/2007/SPORT/03/12/cricket.schedule/index.html)
2007        Mar 13, In Mexico Pres. Bush met with Pres. Felipe Calderon in Merida. Bush sought to soothe strained ties by promising to prod Congress to overhaul tough US immigration policies, but Mexican President Felipe Calderon criticized US plans for a 700-mile border fence. Hundreds of demonstrators marched to the US Embassy in Mexico City, attacking riot police with concrete blocks, metal bars and tearing down barricades to protest Bush's visit.
    (AP, 3/14/07)(AP, 3/13/08)
2007        Mar 13, A Hamas military commander was killed in a shootout with Fatah gunmen shortly before the leaders of the two groups met to try to bridge their differences over a power-sharing deal.
    (AP, 3/13/07)
2007        Mar 13, Russian President Vladimir Putin and Pope Benedict XVI met for the highest-level Kremlin-Vatican talks in more than three years, focusing on easing tension between Roman Catholics and Orthodox Christians and finding common ground in denouncing intolerance and extremism.
    (AP, 3/13/07)
2007        Mar 13, In Serbia former customs chief Mihalj Kertes, a key aide to late President Slobodan Milosevic, was charged for allegedly siphoning off millions of dollars of state money.
    (AP, 3/17/07)
2007        Mar 13, Somalia's president came under mortar attack in his palace, hours after arriving for a rare visit to the increasingly violent capital, witnesses said. A 12-year-old boy was killed and three of his siblings were wounded in the shelling.
    (AP, 3/13/07)
2007        Mar 13, Alice Amafo, Suriname's youngest-ever Cabinet member, resigned amid reports she used thousands of dollars in government funds to pay for her 30th birthday party.
    (AP, 3/13/07)
2007        Mar 13, Vietnam's former deputy trade minister and his son went on trial for accepting bribes for quotas to export textiles to the US, in a major graft case with 14 defendants.
    (AP, 3/13/07)

2008        Mar 13, The US House Republicans’ campaign committee said it is missing several hundred thousand dollars, and possibly more, after discovering suspected fraudulent activity by former treasurer Christopher Ward, who was dismissed on Jan 28.
    (WSJ, 3/14/08, p.A1)
2008        Mar 13, US gold futures rallied to a record high of $1,000 an ounce, fueled by a combination of a weakening dollar, strong investment demand and inflation fears due to rising crude oil prices.
    (AP, 3/13/08)
2008        Mar 13, The Florida Senate passed a bill that could mean suspensions for students with droopy britches. Orlando Sen. Gary Siplin, a Democrat, has said the fashion statement has a back-story -- it was made popular by rap artists after first appearing among prison inmates as a signal they were looking for sex.
    (Reuters, 3/14/08)
2008        Mar 13, AOL said it will acquire Bebo, a social Web site, for $850 million.
    (SFC, 3/14/08, p.C1)
2008        Mar 13, In Afghanistan a remote-controlled bomb hit a police vehicle in Saydabad district of Wardak province, killing one policeman and wounding four others. A suicide bomber in Kabul targeting US troops killed 6 Afghan civilians.
    (AP, 3/13/08)(SFC, 3/14/08, p.A17)
2008        Mar 13, Canada’s Parliament voted to extend its mission in Afghanistan to 2011, provided NATO supplies more troops and equipment to back up its forces in the volatile south.
    (AP, 3/14/08)
2008        Mar 13, Chad accused Sudan of sending anti-government rebels across their border into its territory as international mediators struggled to broker a fresh peace accord between the two neighbors. The presidents of Chad and Sudan signed a non-aggression pact, vowing not to support rebel attacks against each other, many of which were launched from troubled Darfur.
    (AP, 3/13/08)(AFP, 3/14/08)
2008        Mar 13, Chile said it has agreed to receive 117 Palestine refugees from Iraq who have spent months living in tents along the desert border with Syria.
    (AP, 3/14/08)
2008        Mar 13, In China an avalanche buried 12 workers at a mountainous construction site for a pipeline in the far northwest.
    (AP, 3/13/08)
2008        Mar 13, A human rights group said Chinese sales of assault rifles and other small arms to its ally Sudan have grown rapidly during the Darfur conflict despite a UN arms embargo.
    (Reuters, 3/13/08)
2008        Mar 13, A deployment of 100 Sudanese soldiers arrived in Comoros, ahead of a likely African Union-backed operation against the rebel island of Anjouan.
    (AFP, 3/14/08)
2008        Mar 13, Cuba and Mexico declared their once-chilly relations fully restored, and Cuba's foreign minister said he will soon deliver a formal invitation for Mexico's president to visit the island.
    (AP, 3/14/08)
2008        Mar 13, In Egypt A Muslim Brotherhood leader said more than 90 percent of Egyptian Islamist candidates have been prevented from registering for April local elections due to a crackdown by the regime and a campaign of obstruction.
    (AFP, 3/13/08)
2008        Mar 13, In Ethiopia a bus hit a landmine near the disputed Ethiopian-Eritrean border, killing at least eight people and wounding 27 others.
    (AFP, 3/14/08)
2008        Mar 13, Volkswagen, the biggest European car maker, vowed to become "the best auto manufacturer in the world" and welcomed a looming takeover by luxury sports car maker Porsche.
    (AFP, 3/13/08)
2008        Mar 13, Indian police arrested 100 Tibetan exiles trying to walk to their homeland as part of a major protest ahead of the Beijing Olympics, although the demonstrators vowed the march would go on.
    (AP, 3/13/08)
2008        Mar 13, A parked car bomb exploded in a commercial district of central Baghdad, killing 18 people and wounding 57. 5 members of an Awakening Council were killed when gunmen attacked two separate checkpoints near Tikrit. A female suicide bomber attacked an Awakening Council gathering in the village of Zab outside Kirkuk and 3 people were killed with seven others wounded.
    (AP, 3/13/08)(AP, 3/14/08)
2008        Mar 13, The militant Islamic Jihad group in Gaza fired more than a dozen rockets at southern Israel after Israeli undercover forces killed one of its West Bank leaders, shattering a recent lull in Gaza fighting.
    (AP, 3/13/08)
2008        Mar 13, In central Mexico 6 people were shot and killed inside a private law office in Guadalajara.
    (AP, 3/14/08)
2008        Mar 13, The Dutch parliament voted unanimously to outlaw bestiality and pornography involving animals.
    (AP, 3/14/08)
2008        Mar 13, In Pakistan more than 1,000 tribesmen protested against the killing of eight civilians by Pakistani forces this week in the lawless Bajaur tribal region.
    (AP, 3/13/08)
2008        Mar 13, Serbian President Boris Tadic disbanded parliament and called an early general election for May 11.
    (AP, 3/13/08)

2009        Mar 13, The Obama administration dropped the use of the term “enemy combatant” for suspected terrorists detained at Guantanamo Bay and slightly modified the legal standard used to justify their continued imprisonment.
    (WSJ, 3/14/09, p.A3)
2009        Mar 13, California said it faced a new $8 billion shortfall by July 2010 due to declining tax revenues.
    (WSJ, 3/14/09, p.A1)
2009        Mar 13, Alan W. Livingston (91), the music executive who created Bozo the Clown and signed the Beatles during his tenure as president of Capitol Records, died ion Beverly Hills. He came up with the Bozo the Clown character for the 1946 album "Bozo at the Circus," which became a hit and spawned a cottage industry of merchandise and the television series featuring the wing-haired clown.
    (AP, 3/15/09)
2009        Mar 13, Betsy Blair (85), Oscar-nominated actress and teenage bride (1941-1957) of Gene Kelly, died in London. In the late 1940s Blair took parts in "The Guilt of Janet Ames," and "A Double Life." But her movie career stalled after her enthusiasm for leftist causes landed her on Hollywood's blacklist. The New Jersey-born actress later married film director Karel Reisz.
    (AP, 3/20/09)
2009        Mar 13, Dozens of popular tourist beaches on Australia's northeast coast were declared a disaster zone, with their once-pristine sands fouled by a massive oil and chemical slick. Queensland state's marine safety authority said up to 100 tons of fuel, 250,000 liters, were now believed to have spilled from the Hong Kong-flagged ship Pacific Adventurer amid cyclonic conditions on March 11.
    (AP, 3/13/09)(Econ, 3/21/09, p.45)
2009        Mar 13, Terra Firma, a London-based private equity firm, announced it would buy 90% of Consolidated pastoral Company, the Australian cattle holdings of the Packer family, which encompass 12 million acres of land.
    (Econ, 3/21/09, p.67)
2009        Mar 13, In Bangladesh a fire at Dhaka’s 22-story Bashundhara City mall killed at least 7 people as helicopters plucked survivors from the roof.
    (SFC, 3/14/09, p.A2)
2009        Mar 13, Thousands of people across Britain took part in events for Red Nose Day, with money going towards helping the disadvantaged in Africa and Britain.
    (AFP, 3/13/09)
2009        Mar 13, In Burundi an albino man was murdered and dismembered overnight by suspected smugglers with links to Tanzanian witch doctors, the fourth such case in a month in the central African nation.
    (AFP, 3/13/09)
2009        Mar 13, Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao said Beijing is willing to hold talks with the Dalai Lama if Tibet's exiled spiritual leader abandons his separatist cause, as he defended his government's hard-line policies toward the region.
    (AP, 3/13/09)
2009        Mar 13, In Greece dozens of youths carrying sledgehammers and iron bars smashed cars, banks and storefronts in an upscale district of central Athens. Leaflets identified the attackers as members of local anarchist groups. A similar attack also occurred in the northern city of Thessaloniki, leaving three banks damaged.
    (AP, 3/13/09)
2009        Mar 13, Japan said it could shoot down any threatening object falling toward its territory, after North Korea said a planned rocket launch would send it across Japanese territory.
    (AP, 3/13/09)
2009        Mar 13, In Kyrgyzstan Medet Sadyrkulov, a key opposition figure to Pres. Bakiyev, was killed in an alleged car crash that left him and 2 passengers burned beyond recognition.
    (WSJ, 3/14/09, p.A6)(Econ, 1/9/10, p.45)
2009        Mar 13,  In southern Nigeria an attack took place on Chevron Nigeria Limited’s 16-inch Makaraba-Utonana pipeline. The attack forced Chevron cut its crude oil production by 11,500 barrels per day.
    (AFP, 3/17/09)
2009        Mar 13, Pakistani officials appealed to the opposition to join talks aimed at resolving the country's political crisis, even as police stepped up a crackdown on activists trying to reach the capital for a planned anti-government protest.
    (AP, 3/13/09)
2009        Mar 13, Tristan Anderson (38) of Oakland, Calif., was wounded in the West Bank village of Naalin, during a protest against Israel's separation barrier. He remained in serious condition after undergoing surgery.
    (AP, 3/14/09)
2009        Mar 13, Russia’s Kontinental Management said it has closed for good its Baikal Pulp and Paper Mill, located on the southern edge of Lake Baikal. It halted production in October. The plant has polluted the world's largest freshwater lake with chemical effluent for decades.
    (AP, 3/13/09)
2009        Mar 13, A spokeswoman for Doctors Without Borders says 35 of its foreign staff are leaving Darfur after the abduction of three colleagues.
    (AP, 3/13/09)
2009        Mar 13, The Swiss government said it would cooperate on cases of international tax evasion, breaking with a long-standing tradition of protecting wealthy foreigners accused of hiding billions of dollars in the Alpine nation.
    (AP, 3/13/09)
2009        Mar 13, Taiwan’s economic stimulus package was reported to include a $104 shopping voucher for every one of the island’s 23 million people to be used between the Chinese New year and the end of April. Taipei Mayor Hau Lung-bin added $150 food vouchers for the poor along with job training programs, financial incentives for new hires and loan guarantees for small businesses.
    (SFC, 3/13/09, p.C1)
2009        Mar 13, In Thailand suspected Muslim militants killed 3 soldiers in an ambush in southern Narathiwat province.
    (SFC, 3/14/09, p.A2)
2009        Mar 13, In Uganda a building collapsed in the capital, Kampala, when nearby construction loosened the foundation. At least five people were killed and dozens remained trapped under the rubble.
    (AP, 3/13/09)

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