Today in History - March 23

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752CE        Mar 23, Pope Stephen II was elected to succeed Pope Zacharias; however, Stephen died 4 days later.
    (AP, 3/23/97)(PTA, 1980, p.184)

1026        Mar 23, Koenraad II (Conrad II) crowned himself king of Italy.
    (SS, 3/23/02)

1066        Mar 23, The 18th recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. Haley’s Comet was seen and soon after depicted on the Bayeux Tapestry. The 230-foot tapestry was created by craftsmen working for a Norman Bishop to depict the 1066 Norman invasion. In 2005 Andrew Bridgeford authored “1066: The Hidden History in the Bayeux Tapestry.”
    (SS, 3/23/02)(NH, 7/98, p.78)(WSJ, 4/22/05, p.W6)

1153        Mar 23, Treaty of Konstanz between Frederik I "Barbarossa" and Pope Eugene III.
    (SS, 3/23/02)

1169        Mar 23, Shirkuh,  Kurd General, vizier of Cairo, Saladin's uncle, died.
    (SS, 3/23/02)

1237        Mar 23, Jan of Brienne, King of Jerusalem, Emperor of Constantinople, died.
    (SS, 3/23/02)

1330        Mar 23, Riga surrendered to the Livonian Order.
    (LHC, 3/23/03)

1369        Mar 23, Pedro the Cruel, King and tyrant of Castile and Leon, was murdered. Enrique, the illegitimate son of Alfonso XI of Castile, killed his half brother Pedro I in the Castilian civil war and became King Enrique I "the Bastard" of Castile.
    (SS, 3/23/02)(Reuters, 12/23/06)

1490        Mar 23, 1st dated edition of Maimonides "Mishna Torah" was published.
    (SS, 3/23/02)

1555        Mar 23, Julius III (67), born as Giovanni M. del Monte, Pope (1550-55), died. He was succeeded by Marcellus II and then by Paul IV.
    (TL-MB, 1988, p.19)(SS, 3/23/02)

1657        Mar 23, France and England formed an alliance against Spain.
    (HN, 3/23/98)

1568        Mar 23, Treaty of Longjumeau: French Huguenots went on strike.
    (SS, 3/23/02)

1579        Mar 23, Friesland joined the Union of Utrecht.
    (SS, 3/23/02)

1593        Mar 23, English Congressionalist Henry Barrow was accused of slander.
    (SS, 3/23/02)

1599        Mar 23, Thomas Selle, composer, was born.
    (SS, 3/23/02)

1630        Mar 23, French troops occupied Pinerolo, Piedmont.
    (SS, 3/23/02)

1638        Mar 23, Frederik Ruysch, Dutch anatomist, was born.
    (SS, 3/23/02)

1699        Mar 23, John Bartram, naturalist, explorer, father of American botany, was born.
    (SS, 3/23/02)

1708        Mar 23, English pretender to the throne James III landed at Firth of Forth.
    (SS, 3/23/02)

1736        Mar 23, Iman Willem Falck, Dutch Governor of Ceylon (1765-83), was born.
    (SS, 3/23/02)

1743        Mar 23, George Frideric Handel's oratorio "Messiah" had its London premiere. During the "Hallelujah Chorus," Britain's King George II, who was in attendance, stood up — followed by the entire audience.
    (AP, 3/23/08)

1749        Mar 23, Hugo Franz Karl Alexander von Kerpen, composer, was born.
    (SS, 3/23/02)
1749        Mar 23, Pierre-Simon Laplace (d.1827), French mathematician, astronomer, physicist, was born.
    (WSJ, 2/19/98, p.A20)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre-Simon_Laplace)

1750        Mar 23, Johannes Matthias Sperger, composer, was born.
    (SS, 3/23/02)

1752        Mar 23, Pope Stephen II was elected to succeed Zacharias. He died 2 days later.
    (MC, 3/23/02)

1761        Mar 23, John W. de Winter, Dutch Vice-Admiral (Battle at Kamperduin), was born.
    (SS, 3/23/02)

1769        Mar 23, William Smith, geologist (Strata Identified by Organized Fossils), was born.
    (SS, 3/23/02)

11775        Mar 23, In a speech to the Virginia Provincial Convention, assembled at Henrico Church in Richmond, American revolutionary Patrick Henry made his famous plea for independence from Britain, saying, "Give me liberty, or give me death!"
    (AP, 3/23/97)(AH, 2/06, p.50)

1791        Mar 23, Etta Palm, a Dutch champion of woman's rights, set up a group of women's clubs called the Confederation of the Friends of Truth.
    (HN, 3/23/99)

1792        Mar 23, Franz Joseph Haydn's "Symphony No. 94 in G Major," also known as the "Surprise Symphony," was performed publicly for the first time, in London.
    (AP, 3/23/97)

1794        Mar 23, Josiah Pierson patented a "cold-header" (rivet) machine.
    (SS, 3/23/02)
1794        Mar 23, Lieutenant-General Tadeusz Kosciusko returned to Poland.
    (SS, 3/23/02)

1806        Mar 23, Explorers Lewis and Clark, having reached the Pacific coast, began their journey back East. Lewis and Clark reached the Pacific Coast. [see Mar 21]
    (AP, 3/23/97)(HN, 3/23/98)

1808        Mar 23, Napoleon's brother Joseph took the throne of Spain.
    (SS, 3/23/02)

1823        Mar 23, Schuyler Colfax, (R) 17th US Vice President (1869-73), was born.
    (SS, 3/23/02)

1835        Mar 23, Charles Darwin reached Los Arenales in the Andes.
    (SS, 3/23/02)

1836        Mar 23, Coin Press was invented by Franklin Beale.
    (SS, 3/23/02)

1839        Mar 23, 1st recorded use of "OK" [oll korrect] was in Boston's Morning Post.
    (SS, 3/23/02)

1840        Mar 23, Draper took 1st successful photo of the Moon (daguerreotype).
    (SS, 3/23/02)

1842        Mar 23, Stendhal [Marie-Henri Beyle], French author (b.1783), died at 59.
    (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stendhal)

1848        Mar 23, Hungary proclaimed its independence of Austria.
    (HN, 3/23/99)

1849        Mar 23, Battle of Novara (King Charles Albert of Sardinia vs. Italian republic). Austria’s Gen. Radetzky (83) crushed the Piedmontese forces. Charles Albert abdicated and was succeeded by his son, Victor Emmanuel II, who reigned until 1861.
    (PCh, 1992, p.449)(SS, 3/23/02)

1857        Mar 23, Culinary expert Fannie Farmer was born in Boston.
    (AP, 3/23/07)
1857        Mar 23, Elisha Otis installed the first modern passenger elevator in the 5-story Haughwout and Co. building at 488 Broadway in New York City.
    (www.theelevatormuseum.org/h/h-2.htm)(ON, 5/05, p.12)

1858        Mar 23, Eleazer A. Gardner of Philadelphia patented the cable street car, which ran on overhead cables.
    (HN, 3/23/98)

1861        Mar 23, London's 1st tramcars, designed by Mr. Train of New York, began operating.
    (SS, 3/23/02)

1862        Mar 23, Battle of Kernstown, Va., began. Winchester, Va., was another embattled town. Confederate General Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson faced his only defeat at the Battle of Kernstown, Va., as he began his Valley Campaign.
    (HN, 3/23/98)(HN, 3/23/99)(SS, 3/23/02)

1864        Mar 23, Encounter at Camden, AR.
    (SS, 3/23/02)

1865        Mar 23, General Sherman and Cox's troops reached Goldsboro, NC.
    (SS, 3/23/02)

1867        Mar 23, Congress passed a 2nd Reconstruction Act over President Johnson's veto.
    (SS, 3/23/02)

1868        Mar 23, Gov. Henry Haight signed an act that created the Univ. of California and wed the insolvent College of California to the state with the promised backing of 150,000 acres of federal land. The line "Westward the course of empire takes its way" from a 1752 poem by Irish Bishop Berkeley had earlier inspired the founders of Berkeley, Ca., to name their city and university after Berkeley.
    (SFEC, 4/18/99, Z1 p.2)
1868        Mar 23, University of California was founded in Oakland, CA. Legislator John W. Dwinelle helped establish the Univ. of California and Dwinelle Hall was named for him. The first chancellor was Clark Kerr, for whom the Clark Kerr campus was named. Its first president was Henry Durant for whom Durant Hall was named. Its 8th president was Benjamin Ide Wheeler and the 17th president was Robert Gordon Sproul, for whom Sproul Plaza was named. Later the Haas family of SF contributed $23.75 million on behalf of Walter A. Haas Sr., who ran Levi Strauss & Co. for several decades. The Doreen B. Townsend Center for the Humanities was started with a $5 million pledge from Ms. Townsend, a UC alumna.
    (SFC, 12/30/96, p.A15)(SS, 3/23/02)

1880        Mar 23, John Stevens of Neenah, Wis., patented the grain crushing mill. This mill allowed flour production to increase by 70 percent.
    (HN, 3/23/98)

1881        Mar 23, Hermann Staudinger, chemist, plastics researcher (Nobel '53), was born in Germany.
    (SS, 3/23/02)
1881        Mar 23, Roger Martin du Guard, French novelist (Les Thibault-Nobel 1937), was born.
    (SS, 3/23/02)
1881        Mar 23, Boers and Britain signed a peace accord. This ended the 1st Boer war.
    (SS, 3/23/02)
1881        Mar 23, Gas lamp set fire to Nice, France, opera house and 70 died.
    (SS, 3/23/02)

1887        Mar 23, Juan Gris, cubist painter (Still Life Before an Open Window), was born in Spain.
    (SS, 3/23/02)
1887        Mar 23, Felix Felixovitch Yussupov (Youssoupoff), Russian prince, murderer of Rasputin, was born.
    (SS, 3/23/02)

1888        Mar 23, Morrison R. Waite (b.1816), US Supreme Court Chief Justice (1874-1888), died after serving for 14 years. He interpreted constitutional amendments after the Civil War.
    (SFC, 9/6/05, p.A4)(www.oyez.org/oyez/resource/legal_entity/43/)

1889        Mar 23, President Harrison opened Oklahoma for white colonization.
    (SS, 3/23/02)

1896        Mar 23, Umberto Giordano's opera "Andrea Chénier" premiered in Milan.
    (SS, 3/23/02)

1898        Mar 23, Georgios Grivas, Greek General, opposition leader on Cyprus, was born.
    (SS, 3/23/02)

1900        Mar 23, Erich Fromm (d.1980), German-American psychologist (Sane Society), was born in Frankfurt, Germany. He wrote "The Sane Society." “Modern man thinks he loses something, time, when he does not do things quickly. Yet he does not know what to do with the time he gains, except kill it.”
    (AP, 4/21/97)(HN, 3/23/99)(SS, 3/23/02)

1901        Mar 23, Dame Nellie Melba revealed the secret of her now famous toast.
    (SS, 3/23/02)
1901        Mar 23, The world learned that Boers were starving to death in British concentration camps.
    (HN, 3/23/98)
1901        Mar 23, A group of U.S. Army soldier led by Brig. Gen. Frederick Funston captured Emilio Aguinaldo, the leader of the Philippine Insurrection of 1899.
    (HN, 3/23/99)

1902        Mar 23, Kálmán Tisza (71), premier of Hungary (1875-90), died.
    (SS, 3/23/02)

1903        Mar 23, The Wright brothers obtained an airplane patent.
    (HN, 3/23/98)

1907        Mar 23, Daniele Bovet, Swiss-born Italian pharmacologist, was born.
    (HN, 3/23/01)

1908        Mar 23, Joan Crawford, American actress, was born. She is best known for her role in Mildred Pierce.
    (HN, 3/23/99)
1908        Mar 23, In San Francisco Durham White Stevens (56), Japan’s foreign advisor to Korea, was shot by a Korean nationalist. Stevens died 2 days later from internal injuries. Chang In Hwan and Chun Myung Un had attacked Stevens as he approached the ferry landing. Chun was released from prison in June, 1908, and fled the country. Chang was convicted of 2nd degree manslaughter and sentenced to 25 years in prison. He was paroled after 10 years.
    (AH, 10/07, p.54-58)

1909        Mar 23, Theodore Roosevelt began an African safari sponsored by the Smithsonian Institution and National Geographic Society.
    (HN, 3/23/98)
1909        Mar 23, British Lt. Shackleton found the magnetic South Pole.
    (HN, 3/23/98)

1910        Mar 23, Akira Kurosawa, Japanese film director (Living, Rashomon, The Seven Samurai), was born in Tokyo, Japan.
    (HN, 3/23/01)(SS, 3/23/02)
1910        Mar 23, 1st race at Los Angeles Motordrome (1st US auto speedway).
    (SS, 3/23/02)

1912        Mar 23, Werner von Braun, rocket expert (I Aim at the Stars), was born in  Wirsitz, Germany. He led the development of the V-2 rocket during World War II.
    (HN, 3/23/99)(SS, 3/23/02)
1912        Mar 23, Dixie Cup was invented.
    (SS, 3/23/02)

1913        Mar 23, A strong tornado swept through Omaha, Neb., on Easter Sunday leaving over 100 fatalities and millions of dollars in damage.
    (SFC, 3/23/09, p.D8)

1915        Mar 23, Zion Mule Corp. formed.
    (SS, 3/23/02)

1917        Mar 23, A 4 day series of tornadoes killed 211 in Midwest US.
    (SS, 3/23/02)
1917        Mar 23, Austrian Emperor Charles I made a peace proposal to French President Poincare.
    (HN, 3/23/98)

1918        Mar 23, Alick Wickham dove 200' into Australia's Yarra River.
    (SS, 3/23/02)
1918        Mar 23, Crépy-en-Laonnoise: German artillery shelled Paris France and 256 were killed. The Paris bombs were named "Thick Bertha's Dike" (nickname for the widow Krupp).
    (SS, 3/23/02)
1918        Mar 23, Germany became the 1st country to recognize the independence of Lithuania. This was based on the Lithuanian legislative act of Dec 11, 1917.
    (LHC, 3/23/03)

1919        Mar 23, Benito Mussolini founded his Fascist political movement in Milan, Italy. [see Feb 23]
    (AP, 3/23/97)
1919        Mar 23, Bashkir ASSR (Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic) in the RSFSR (Russian Socialist Federal Soviet Republic) was constituted.
    (SS, 3/23/02)
1919        Mar 23, Moscow's Politburo-Central Committee formed.
    (SS, 3/23/02)

1920        Mar 23, Britain denounced the U.S. because of their delay in joining the League of Nations.
    (HN, 3/23/98)
1920        Mar 23, The Perserikatan Communist of India (PKI) political party formed.
    (SS, 3/23/02)

1921        Mar 23, Arthur G. Hamilton set a new parachute record, safely jumping 24,400 feet.
    (HN, 3/23/98)

1922        Mar 23, 1st airplane landed at the US Capitol in Washington DC.
    (SS, 3/23/02)

1923        Mar 23, Frank Silver and Irving Conn released "Yes, We Have No Bananas."
    (SS, 3/23/02)

1925        Mar 23, Tennessee became the 1st state to outlaw teaching the theory of evolution. Tennessee’s Governor Austin Peay said, "the very integrity of the Bible in its statement of man’s divine creation is denied by any theory that man descended or has ascended from any lower order of animals." [see Mar 13,21]
    (SS, 3/23/02)(MC, 3/23/02)
1925        Mar 23, Aleksei Kuropatkin (76), Russian General, minister of War, died.
    (SS, 3/23/02)

1927        Mar 23, Captain Hawthorne Gray set a new balloon record soaring to 28,510 feet.
    (HN, 3/23/98)

1929        Mar 23, Sir Roger Bannister, the first man to run the mile in less than four minutes (May 6, 1954), was born in England.
    (HN, 3/23/99)(SS, 3/23/02)
1929        Mar 23, The 1st telephone installed in White House.
    (SS, 3/23/02)

1932        Mar 23, The executive committee of the DAR (Daughters of the American Revolution) ruled to exclude blacks from appearing at Constitution Hall.
    (WSJ, 4/3/97, p.A19)
1932        Mar 23, Britain warned Ireland that the loyalty oath was mandatory.
    (HN, 3/23/98)

1933        Mar 23, Kroll Opera in Berlin opened.
    (SS, 3/23/02)
1933        Mar 23, The German Reichstag adopted the Enabling Act, which effectively granted Adolf Hitler dictatorial legislative powers, i.e. the power to rule by decree.
    (AP, 3/23/97)(WSJ, 11/26/96, p.A16)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enabling_act)

1935        Mar 23, France, Italy and Britain agreed to present a unified front in response to Germany.
    (HN, 3/23/98)

1936        Mar 23, Italy, Austria and Hungary signed Pact of Rome.
    (SS, 3/23/02)

1937        Mar 23, Los Angeles Railway Co. started using PCC streetcars. PCC's are streetcars that were originally designed under the direction of the Electric Railway Presidents' Conference Committee, in an attempt by 25 U.S. and Canadian transit companies to develop a standardized streetcar whose many improvements would help to reverse the decline in transit use that had begun in the 1920's. The committee's efforts began in late 1929, and the first cars were put into service in New York in October 1936.
    (SS, 3/23/02)(Internet)

1940        Mar 23, 1st radio broadcast of "Truth or Consequences" on CBS.
    (SS, 3/23/02)
1940        Mar 23, The All-India Muslim League called for a Muslim homeland.
    (SS, 3/23/02)

1942        Mar 23, During World War II, the U.S. government began moving Japanese-Americans from their West Coast homes to detention centers.
    (AP, 3/23/97)
1942        Mar 23, The Japanese occupied the Andaman Islands in the Indian Ocean.
    (HN, 3/23/98)(SS, 3/23/02)
1942        Mar 23, Some 2,500 Jews of Lublin were massacred or deported.
    (SS, 3/23/02)

1943        Mar 23, Germans counter attacked US lines in Tunisia.
    (SS, 3/23/02)

1944        Mar 23, Nicholas Alkemade fell 5,500 meter without a parachute and lived. [see Mar 25]
    (SS, 3/23/02)
1944        Mar 23, A bomb assassination against Southern Tirol congregation in Rome killed 33.
    (SS, 3/23/02)

1945        Mar 23, Premier Winston Churchill visited Montgomery's headquarter in Straelen.
    (SS, 3/23/02)
1945        Mar 23, British 7th Black Watch crossed the Rhine.
    (SS, 3/23/02)
1945        Mar 23, Largest operation in Pacific war: 1,500 US Navy ships bombed Okinawa.
    (SS, 3/23/02)

1946        Mar 23, W. Averell Harriman was chosen as the U.S. Ambassador to Britain.
    (HN, 3/23/98)

1948        Mar 23, John Cunningham set a world altitude record at 54,492' (18,133 meters).
    (SS, 3/23/02)

1949        Mar 23, Sidney Kingsley's "Detective Story" premiered in NYC.
    (SS, 3/23/02)
1949        Mar 23, Israel signed a ceasefire agreement with Lebanon.
    (www.wikipedia.org)

1950        Mar 23, At the Academy Awards, "All the King's Men" won best picture of 1949; its star, Broderick Crawford, won best actor. Olivia de Havilland won best actress for "The Heiress."
    (AP, 3/23/00)
1950        Mar 23, "Great to Be Alive" opened at Winter Garden Theater in NYC for 52 performances.
    (SS, 3/23/02)
1950        Mar 23, UN World Meteorological Organization was established.
    (SS, 3/23/02)
1950        Mar 23, Sophocles Venizelos formed liberal Greeks government.
    (SS, 3/23/02)

1951        Mar 23, U.S. paratroopers descended from flying boxcars in a surprise attack in Korea.
    (HN, 3/23/98)
1951        Mar 23, Wages in France increased 11%.
    (SS, 3/23/02)

1953        Mar 23, Raoul Dufy, French fauve painter, died.
    (WSJ, 5/4/99, p.A20)(MC, 3/23/02)

1956        Mar 23, Pakistan became an independent republic within the British Commonwealth. Officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Pakistan became the first Islamic republic,
    (HFA, '96, p.26)(AHD, p.943)(AP, 3/23/97) (HN, 3/23/98)
1956        Mar 23, Soviet students protested the campaign to desanctify Stalin.
    (HN, 3/23/98)

1957        Mar 23, US army sold its last homing pigeons.
    (SS, 3/23/02)

1960        Mar 23, Explorer 8 failed to reach Earth orbit.
    (SS, 3/23/02)

1962        Mar 23, Pres. John F. Kennedy visited San Francisco and spoke at UC Berkeley on the 100th anniversary of the Morrill Act. “For this university and so many other universities across our country owe their birth to the most extraordinary piece of legislation this country has ever adopted, and that is the Morrill Act, signed by President Abraham Lincoln in the darkest and most uncertain days of the Civil War, which set before the country the opportunity to build the great land grant colleges of which this is so distinguished a part. Six years later this university obtained its Charter.”
    (http://tinyurl.com/6fbdog)
1962        Mar 23, William DeWitt bought the Cincinnati Reds for $4,625,000.
    (SS, 3/23/02)

1964        Mar 23, The UNCTAD 1 world conference opened in Geneva.
    (SS, 3/23/02)
1964        Mar 23, Peter Lorre (59), actor (Casino Royale), died.
    (SS, 3/23/02)

1965        Mar 23, Police in Casablanca, Morocco, cracked down on students and workers campaigning for social justice and about 100 were killed. In the 1970s the “March 23 movement” for social rights was named for this day.
    (SFC, 4/13/01, p.A14)(SS, 3/23/02)
1965        Mar 23, America's first two-person space flight began as Gemini 3 blasted off from Cape Kennedy with astronauts Virgil I. Grissom and John W. Young aboard for a nearly five-hour flight. Young sneaked a corned beef sandwich on board, for which he was later reprimanded.
    (AP, 3/23/08)

1966        Mar 23, The 1st official meeting after 400 years of Catholic and Anglican Church.
    (SS, 3/23/02)

1967        Mar 23, Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. called the Vietnam War the biggest obstacle to the civil rights movement.
    (HN, 3/23/98)

1968        Mar 23, Reverend Walter Fauntroy became the 1st non-voting congressional delegate from Washington DC, since Reconstruction.
    (www.thehistorymakers.com/timeline/index.asp?string=1968)

1969        Mar 23, The teenage crusade Rally for Decency in Miami drew some 30,000. Teenagers organized the rally after Jim Morrison (24), the lead singer of The Doors rock group, was charged with indecent exposure during a concert in Miami on March 1.
    (http://forum.johndensmore.com/lofiversion/index.php/t2673.html)

1970        Mar 23, Mafia "Boss" Carlo Gambino was arrested for plotting to steal $3 million.
    (HN, 3/23/98)
1970        Mar 23, US performed the Shaper nuclear test in Nevada.
    (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Mandrel)

1971        Mar 23, The US Congress proposed the 26th Amendment lowering the voting age from 21 to 18. It was ratified on July 1, 1971. A similar law in 1970 had been challenged in court.
    (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty-sixth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution)
1971        Mar 23, USSR performed underground nuclear test.
    (www.atomicforum.org/russia/russiantesting.html)
1971        Mar 23, In Argentina General Alehandro Lanusse seized power in a bloodless coup from General Roberto Levingston. He proceeded to re-establish ties with China and allowed Juan Domingo Peron to return to Argentina after 17 years of forced exile.
    (SFC, 8/27/96, p.A17)(WUD, 1994, p. 1688)

1972        Mar 23, Pres. Nixon discussed his orders to undermine Chilean democracy after the leak of corporate papers revealing collaboration between ITT and the CIA to rollback the election of socialist leader Salvador Allende.
    (www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB110/index.htm)

1973        Mar 23, US performed a nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.
    (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Toggle)
1973        Mar 23, After a 5½ year run, soap "Love is a Many Splendored Thing" ended.
    (www.tv.com/love-is-a-many-splendored-thing/show/3273/summary.html)
1973        Mar 23, Yoko Ono was granted permanent residence in US. John Lennon was given a final order to leave the US within 60 days, while Yoko was allowed to remain indefinitely.
    (http://specialsections.absoluteelsewhere.net/LennonLoreLegacy/nutopia.html)

1976        Mar 23, The  International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, adopted in 1948, went into effect  three months after the 35th nation ratified it.
    (www.unhchr.ch/html/menu6/2/fs2.htm)

1978        Mar 23, The US performed nuclear test at Nevada Test Site.
    (www.iss.niiit.ru/ksenia/catal_nt/3_8.htm)
1978        Mar 23, UNIFIL forces arrived in Lebanon setting up headquarters in Naqoura. In response to Israel’s invasion, the UN Security Council passed Resolution 425 and Resolution 426 calling for the withdrawal of Israeli forces from Lebanon. The UN Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) was created to enforce this mandate, and restore peace and sovereignty to Lebanon.
    (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978_South_Lebanon_conflict)

1979        Mar 23, Paul McCartney and Wings released "Goodnight Tonight."
    (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goodnight_Tonight)

1980        Mar 23, The deposed Shah of Iran arrived in Egypt.
    (http://openweb.tvnews.vanderbilt.edu/1980-3/1980-03-23-CBS-2.html)

1981        Mar 23, The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that states could require, with some exceptions, parental notification when teen-age girls seek abortions. U.S. Supreme Court upheld a law making statutory rape a crime for men but not women.
    (AP, 3/23/97)(HN, 3/23/98)

1982        Mar 23, Gen’l. Efrain Rios Montt seized power from Pres. Lucas Garcia. Under his 17-month rule the army burned Indian villages and killed thousands of suspected leftists. Montt established the Guatemalan Republican Front (FRG).
    (SFC, 7/31/98, p.D3)(SFC, 11/8/99, p.A10)(SFC, 6/14/01, p.A15)

1983        Mar 23, President Reagan first proposed development of technology to intercept enemy missiles -- a proposal that came to be known as the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), as well as "Star Wars."
    (AP, 3/23/97)
1983        Mar 23, Dr. Barney Clark (62), recipient of a permanent artificial heart, died at the University of Utah Medical Center after 112 days with the device.
    (AP, 3/23/97)

1985        Mar 23, Joshua Silver, Oxford physicist, began contemplating the development of  self adjusting eyeglasses. By 2009 some 30,000 of Silver's specs had been distributed to the poor in 15 countries; his eventual target is 100 million pairs.
    (SSFC, 1/11/09, p.A6)(http://tinyurl.com/96buv9)

1986        Mar 23, In the 6th Golden Raspberry Awards the film “Rambo: First Blood Part II” won.
    (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1985_Golden_Raspberry_Awards)

1987        Mar 23, The American soap opera "Bold and Beautiful" premiered.
    (www.tv.com/the-bold-and-the-beautiful/show/1232/summary.html)
1987        Mar 23, Jerry Collins, a millionaire greyhound racetrack owner, donated $1.3 million to help evangelist Oral Roberts reach his goal of raising $8 million for medical scholarships.
    (AP, 3/23/97)
1987        Mar 23, US offered military protection to Kuwaiti ships in the Persian Gulf.
    (SS, 3/23/02)

1988        Mar 23, President Reagan announced he would visit the Soviet Union for the first time, from May 29 until June 2, for his fourth summit meeting with Soviet leader Mikhail S. Gorbachev.
    (AP, 3/23/98)

1989        Mar 23 Fawn Hall, former secretary to onetime National Security Council aide Oliver North, completed two days of testimony at North’s Iran-Contra trial.
    (AP, 3/23/99)
1989        Mar 23, Joel Steinberg was sentenced to 25 years for killing his adopted daughter.
    (SS, 3/23/02)
1989        Mar 23, Stanley Pons and Martin Fleischmann, Univ. of Utah scientists, claimed they had produced atomic fusion at room temperature.
    (SS, 3/23/02)(WSJ, 9/5/03, p.B1)

1990        Mar 23, Former Exxon Valdez Captain Joseph Hazelwood was sentenced by a judge in Anchorage, Alaska, to help clean up Prince William Sound and pay $50,000 in restitution for his role in the 1989 oil spill.
    (AP, 3/23/00)
1990        Mar 23, Rene Enriquez (56), actor (Hill St Blues), died of pancreatic cancer.
    (www.imdb.com/name/nm0258089/)

1991        Mar 23, In Tennessee 20 tornadoes killed 5 people.
    (SS, 3/23/02)
1991        Mar 23, Iraqi President Saddam Hussein shuffled his Cabinet, but kept in place his hard-line ministers of interior and defense to direct a crackdown on rebellion against his rule. A popular uprising had been prompted by Pres. Bush and 15 of 18 provinces were liberated, but no American help followed and Hussein’s forces crushed the intifada.
    (AP, 3/23/01)(WSJ, 9/10/02, p.A12)

1992        Mar 23, The president of the U.N. Security Council announced that Libya had offered to surrender two men suspected in the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 to the Arab League. Libya reversed itself two days later; however, the suspects surrendered for trial seven years later. One was subsequently convicted, the other found innocent.
    (AP, 3/23/02)
1992        Mar 23, Friedrich A. von Hayek (92), British economist, Nobel winner (1974), died. His books included Road to Serfdom (1944) and “The Constitution of Liberty” (1960). In 2004 Bruce Caldwell authored “Hayek’s Challenge: An Intellectual biography of F.A. Hayek.”
    (SS, 3/23/02)(Econ, 3/6/04, p.74)

1993        Mar 23, In his first formal news conference since taking office, President Clinton suggested restricting the duty assignment of homosexuals in the military as a way of allowing openly gay personnel; however, the idea was quickly abandoned.
    (AP, 3/23/98)
1993        Mar 23, Scientists announced they'd found the renegade gene that causes Huntington's disease.
    (AP, 3/23/98)
1993        Mar 23, Hans Werner Richter (b.1908), German writer, founder (Gruppe 47), died.
    (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Werner_Richter)

1994        Mar 23, Wayne Gretzky broke Gordie Howe’s National Hockey League career record with his 802nd goal.
    (AP, 3/23/99)
1994        Mar 23, Amy Fisher's lover, Joey Buttafuoco, was released from jail after 4 months and 9 days.
    (SS, 3/23/02)
1994        Mar 23, Twenty-three paratroopers were killed when a F-16 fighter jet and C-130 transport collided while landing at Pope Air Force Base in North Carolina and the F-16 skidded into another transport on the ground.
    (AP, 3/23/99)
1994        Mar 23, In Mexico Luis Donaldo Colosio (44), the ruling party's pres. candidate, was murdered while campaigning in Tijuana, Mexico. Mario Aburto later confessed to shooting Colosio twice and was sentenced to a 45-year sentence. The events were later examined by Sebastian Rotella in his book: “Twilight on the Line: Underworlds and Politics at the US-Mexican Border.”
    (WSJ, 12/5/95, p.A-14)(SFC, 4/18/96, p.a-13)(SFC, 8/8/96, p.A8)(SFEC, 1/25/98, BR p.9)
1994        Mar 23, Actress Giulietta Masina (b.1921 ), wife of Federico Felini, died in Rome.
    (AP, 3/23/99)(www.imdb.com/name/nm0556399/)
1994        Mar 23, A Russian Airbus A-310 crashed in Siberia and some 70 people were killed.
    (www.nupi.no/cgi-win/Russland/krono.exe?6223)

1995        Mar 23, "How To Succeed in Business Without Really Trying" opened at the Roy Rodgers NYC for 548 performances.
    (SS, 3/23/02)
1995        Mar 23, Secretary of State Warren Christopher met with Russian Foreign Minister Andrei Kozyrev in Geneva; afterward, Kozyrev said the U.S.-Russia "honeymoon has come to an end," referring to disagreements over Chechnya and nuclear sales to Iran.
    (AP, 3/23/00)
1995        Mar 23, Former Mexican deputy attorney general Mario Ruiz Massieu, brother of slain Francisco, was arrested in Newark N.J. after failing to declare $46,000 in cash.
    (SFC, 3/13/97, p.A14)(SFC, 7/15/98, p.A8)(SFC, 8/28/99, p.A1)

1996        Mar 23, Taiwan held its first direct presidential elections; incumbent Lee Teng-hui was the landslide victor.
    (AP, 3/23/97)

1997        Mar 23, "Mandy Patinkin in Concert" closed at Lyceum Theater NYC.
    (SS, 3/23/02)
1997        Mar 23, In the 17th Golden Raspberry Awards: Striptease won. The Golden Raspberries or Razzies were created by John Wilson in 1980, intended to complement the Academy Awards by dishonoring the worst acting, screenwriting, songwriting, directing, and films that the film industry had to offer.
    (http://tinyurl.com/cotd8)
1997        Mar 23, The American Cancer Society recommended that women begin annual mammograms at age 40.
    (AP, 3/23/98)
1997        Mar 23, In Belarus American diplomat Serge Alexandrov, first secretary at the US embassy in Minsk, was ordered to leave the country for participating in an anti-government march. The Foreign Ministry accused him of being a CIA agent.
    (SFC, 3/25/97, p.A14)
1997        May 23, In Iran presidential elections put conservative speaker Ali Akbar Nateq Nouri against left-leaning cleric Mohammad Khatami.
    (WSJ, 3/20/97, p.A12)
1997        Mar 23, Amid renewed violence, Israel's Cabinet called on the Palestinian Authority to crack down on Islamic militant groups, but stopped short of suspending peace talks.
    (AP, 3/23/98)

1998        Mar 23, In the 70th Academy Awards the film Titanic tied the record by winning 11 Oscars including best picture and best director (James Cameron) and song ("My Heart Will Go On"). Helen Hunt and Jack Nicholson won the best actor awards and Kim Bassinger and Robin Williams won the best supporting actors awards.
    (SFC, 3/24/98, p.A1)(AP, 3/23/08)
1998        Mar 23, Pres. Clinton visited Ghana, the first nation where Peace Corps volunteers were sent. He hailed “the new face of Africa” as he opened a historic six-nation.
    (SFC, 3/21/98, p.A13)(AP, 3/23/99)
1998        Mar 23, The U.S. Supreme Court allowed term limits for state lawmakers.
    (AP, 3/23/99)
1998        Mar 23, The California State Supreme Court ruled that the Boy Scouts were a private organization and not subject to the state’s anti-discrimination laws.
    (SFC, 3/24/98, p.A1)
1998        Mar 23, In California a LA Fire Dept. helicopter crashed while transporting an injured 12-year-old girl to a hospital. The girl and 3 others were killed.
    (SFC, 3/24/98, p.A3)
1998        Mar 23, In Pakistan rival groups clashed in Karachi and 17 people were killed.
    (SFEC, 4/5/98, p.T14)
1998        Mar 23, Serbian and Albanian leaders agree to allow ethnic Albanians into the state university system in Kosovo.
    (SFC, 3/24/98, p.A10)
1998        Mar 23, In South Korea the president ordered the pay of 930,000 public servants cut to raise funds for the unemployed.
    (WSJ, 3/24/98, p.A1)
1998        Mar 23, Pres. Yeltsin fired his entire cabinet. Some cabinet members were ordered to stay until replacements were named. He named Sergei Kiriyenko (35), an energy minister, as acting premier.
    (SFC, 3/23/98, p.A1)(WSJ, 3/24/98, p.A1)

1999        Mar 23, The US Senate voted 58-41 to support US participation in a NATO bombing of Serbia.
    (WSJ, 3/24/99, p.A1)
1999        Mar 23, NATO Secretary-General Javier Solana gave the formal go-ahead for airstrikes against Serbian targets following the failure of Kosovo peace talks.
    (AP, 3/23/00)
1999        Mar 23, Japanese navy ships fired warning shots at 2 suspected North Korean spy vessels that entered its waters 180 miles northwest of Tokyo.
    (WSJ, 3/24/99, p.A1)
1999        Mar 23, In Paraguay vice president Luis Maria Argana was shot to death in Asuncion. Paraguay later tried without success to extradite Lino Oviedo from Argentina for involvement in the assassination.
    (WSJ, 3/24/99, p.A1)(SFC, 9/4/99, p.A13)
1999        Mar 23, Russia's Prime Minister Primakov turned his plane home and cancelled talks in Washington following the NATO decision to bomb Serbia.
    (WSJ, 3/24/99, p.A21)

2000        Mar 23, President Clinton visited the western Indian village of Nayla.
    (AP, 3/23/01)
2000        Mar 23, In a first, Speaker Dennis Hastert named a Catholic priest, the Reverend Daniel Coughlin, as the new House chaplain.
    (AP, 3/23/01)
2000        Mar 23, Researchers reported that a blood test for C-reactive protein could serve as a good indicator for heart attack risk.
    (SFC, 3/23/00, p.A4)
2000        Mar 23, Scientists reported that the genetic code of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, had been decoded. 60% of the flies 13,600 genes are identical to human genes.
    (SFC, 3/24/00, p.A2)
2000        Mar 23, A 776-foot Greek cargo ship, Leader L, sank in the Atlantic 400 miles off of Bermuda. 31 Filipino crew members were forced into life boats. 13 men were rescued with Canadian Sea King helicopters. 6 bodies were found and 12 were presumed dead as the ship pulled down one life raft.
    (SFC, 3/24/00, p.D3)(SFC, 3/25/00, p.A12)(WSJ, 3/27/00, p.A1)
2000        Mar 23, Horst Koehler (57) of Germany, president of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, became the new president of the 182-nation IMF following endorsement by the 24-member board of directors.
    (SFC, 3/24/00, p.D4)
2000        Mar 23, Germany completed a $5 billion agreement on how to allocate funds among surviving forced laborers and other workers in Hitler's concentration camps.
    (SFC, 3/24/00, p.A12)
2000        Mar 23, Pope John Paul the Second paid his respects at Yad Vashem, Israel’s Holocaust memorial.
    (AP, 3/23/01)
2000        Mar 23, Pakistan announced that local elections would begin in Dec.
    (SFC, 3/24/00, p.A12)
2000        Mar 23, Russia's food supply was threatened with a virulent strain of potato blight and live-stock feed shortages were forecast.
    (WSJ, 3/23/00, p.A1)
2000        Mar 23, In Rwanda Pres. Pasteur Bizimungu resigned following a month long debate on ethnic tensions and corruption. In 2004 Bizimungu was sentenced to 15 years for inciting violence after a falling out with Kagame.
    (SFC, 3/24/00, p.D3)(WSJ, 6/8/04, p.A1)
2000        Mar 23, In Taiwan Lee Teng-hui resigned as leader of the ruling Nationalist Party.
    (SFC, 3/24/00, p.D3)

2001        Mar 23, It was reported that the Bush administration had removed the CIA as a broker between Israeli and Palestinian security services.
    (SFC, 3/23/01, p.D4)
2001        Mar 23, Mississippi Gov. Ronnie Musgrove signed a law that mandated public schools to display “In God We Trust” in classrooms, cafeterias and auditoriums.
    (SFC, 3/24/01, p.C1)
2001        Mar 23, Newspaper columnist Rowland Evans died in Washington D.C. at age 79.
    (AP, 3/23/02)
2001        Mar 23, David McTaggart (68), founder of Greenpeace Int’l., was killed in a car crash in Umbria, Italy.
    (SFC, 3/24/01, p.A22)(AP, 3/23/02)
2001        Mar 23, In Britain Prime Minister Blair ordered the creation of 2-square-mile killing zones around every farm infected with hoof-and-mouth disease as the number of daily cases escalated.
    (SFC, 3/24/01, p.A10)
2001        Mar 23, It was reported that 22 Guam teenagers had committed suicide over the past 26 months. Members of a secretive club called Prestigious Angels promised to kill themselves if their friends would follow.
    (SFC, 3/23/01, p.D6)
2001        Mar 23, In Indonesia attacks by Dayaks in Central Kalimantan left at least 12 people dead.
    (SFC, 3/24/01, p.A12)
2001        Mar 23, Moscow expelled 4 US diplomats for “activities incompatible with their status.” Russia said it was expelling 50 U.S. diplomats in retaliation for the expulsion of 50 Russians by the U.S.
    (SFC, 3/24/01, p.A10)(AP, 3/23/02)
2001        Mar 23, Russia's orbiting 135-ton Mir space station ended its 15-year odyssey with a fiery plunge into the South Pacific between Chile and New Zealand.
    (SFC, 3/23/01, p.A1)(AP, 3/23/02)

2002        Mar 23, The History Channel hosted it’s 4th annual Harry Awards, named after Herodotus, for the best historical film of 2001.
    (WSJ, 3/18/02, p.A16)
2002        Mar 23, Irina Slutskaya captured her first world title, defeating four-time champion Michelle Kwan at the World Figure Skating Championships in Nagano, Japan.
    (AP, 3/23/03)
2002        Mar 23, Pres. Bush met with Pres. Toledo in Lima, Peru, and called for a “war without quarter” against terrorism and drug trafficking in the region. 18 demonstrators were arrested.
    (SSFC, 3/24/02, p.A17)
2002        Mar 23, It was reported a the Air Force Academy had implicated 38 cadets in a drug scandal that began in Dec 2000.
    (SFC, 3/23/02, p.A4)
2002        Mar 23, Eileen Farrell (82), opera and pop soprano, died in New Jersey. In 1999 Brian Kellow co-wrote her biography “Can’t Help Singing.”
    (SFC, 3/25/02, p.B5)
2002        Mar 23, Girls in Afghanistan celebrated their return to school for the first time in years.
    (AP, 3/23/03)
2002        Mar 23, In Pakistan members of the Alliance for Restoration of Democracy were arrested and a rally for the ouster of Pres. Musharraf was blocked.
    (SSFC, 3/24/02, p.A22)

2003        Mar 23, In the 75th annual Academy Awards "Chicago" won for Best Picture, Roman Polanski for best director (The Pianist), Adrien Brody for best actor (The Pianist), Nicole Kidman for best actress (The Hours), Chris Cooper for best-supporting actor (Adaptation), and Catherine Zeta-Jones for best supporting actress (Chicago).
    (SFC, 3/24/03, p.C5)
2003        Mar 23, Michael Moore criticized Pres. Bush and the US-led war in Iraq during his acceptance speech at the Academy Awards, drawing a partial standing ovation and some jeers from Hollywood's elite.
    (AP, 3/24/03)
2003        Mar 23, A Maryland nurse died 5 days after being vaccinated for smallpox. A 2nd nurse died Mar 27.
    (SFC, 3/26/03, p.A6)(SFC, 3/28/03, p.A7)
2003        Mar 23, Adrian O'Neill Robinson (25) allegedly shot and killed his father (56) in Hamilton, Georgia. He then kidnapped 2 nuns, one of whom was found 3 days later, mutilated in a Norfolk, Va., parking lot. The other nun was found ok.
    (SFC, 3/27/03, p.A7)
2003        Mar 23, US and allied Afghan forces clashed with militiamen loyal to a renegade warlord in a battle that left up to 10 rebels dead. A US Air Force helicopter on a mercy mission to help 2 injured Afghan children crashed in southeastern Afghanistan, killing all 6 people on board.
    (AP, 3/24/03)
2003        Mar 23, In northern Afghanistan flooding and heavy rains killed at least 11 people and damaged hundreds of houses.
    (AP, 3/27/03)
2003        Mar 23, In the 5th day of Operation Iraqi Freedom US-led warplanes and helicopters attacked Republican Guard units defending Baghdad while ground troops advanced to within 50 miles of the Iraqi capital. Pres. Bush put a $75 billion price tag on a down payment for the war. The 507th Maintenance Company was ambushed after it made a wrong turn into Nasiriya; 11 soldiers were killed, seven were captured, including Pfc. Jessica Lynch. Lori Piestewa (23) was killed, with the gruesome distinction of being the first native American in the US army to be killed in combat. Lynch was rescued on April 1, 2003.
    (AP, 3/24/03)(SFC, 4/14/03, p.A1)(www.nativeweb.org/weblog/piestewa/)(AP, 3/23/08)
2003        Mar 23, A US bomb struck a bus at a service area in al-Rutba, Iraq, enroute from Baghdad to Syria. 5 people were killed.
    (SFC, 3/25/03, p.W7)
2003        Mar 23, A British Royal Air Force Tornado jet was shot down by a U.S. Patriot missile in the first reported incident of "friendly" fire in Iraq.
    (AP, 3/23/03)
2003        Mar 23, Arab nations called for an emergency Security Council meeting to demand an end to the US-led war against Iraq and the withdrawal of all invading forces.
    (AP, 3/24/03)
2003        Mar 23, In the CAR Gen. Francois Bozize said Abel Goumba (76), a veteran opposition leader, will oversee daily operations in the government.
    (AP, 3/23/03)
2003        Mar 23, A Chechen referendum strongly approved a new constitution that confirmed Chechnya as part of Russia and endorsed rules for electing a Chechen president and parliament.
    (AP, 3/23/03)(AP, 3/24/03)(SFC, 3/24/03, p.A11)
2003        Mar 23, Iraqi state television showed two men said to have been the US crew of an Apache helicopter forced down during heavy fighting in central Iraq. Iraqi forces captured at least 5 soldiers of an Army maintenance company. US Central Command reported 12 missing. About 20 Americans were captured or killed at Nasiriyah.
    (AP, 3/24/03)(SFC, 3/24/03, p.W1)(WSJ, 3/24/03, p.A1)
2003        Mar 23, In Kashmir gunmen shot to death Abdul Majid Dar, the former leader of Kashmir's largest Islamic rebel group, in what may have been retribution for talks with the Indian government.
    (AP, 3/23/03)
2003        Mar 23, In Nicaragua the party of President Enrique Bolanos abandoned him after months of quarreling over the government's prosecution of his predecessor, a fellow party member.
    (AP, 3/24/03)
2003        Mar 23, Slovenes endorsed membership in NATO and the European Union.
    (AP, 3/23/03)(AP, 3/24/03)

2004        Mar 23, The Bush administration reported that the Medicare Trust Fund would run out of money in 2019, 7 years earlier that projected in 2003.
    (SFC, 3/24/04, p.A1)
2004        Mar 23, Defense Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld and Secretary of State Colin Powell offered a strong defense of the administration's pre-Sept. 11 actions as they testified before a federal commission reviewing the 2001 attacks.
    (AP, 3/23/05)
2004        Mar 23, The US Coast Guard said it had seized over 14.5 tons of cocaine from 3 fishing boats off Mexico and Ecuador over the last 2 months.
    (SFC, 3/24/04, p.B3)
2004        Mar 23, Random House published "Trump: How To Get Rich," by Donald Trump.
    (WSJ, 3/22/04, p.B1)
2004        Mar 23, The Rev. Sun Myung Moon declared himself the Messiah during a ceremony at the Dirksen Building in Wash., DC. Over a dozen US lawmakers attended the reception.
    (SFC, 6/24/04, p.A2)
2004        Mar 23, A Unocal helicopter with 10 on board went missing in the Gulf of Mexico. The Coast Guard found 4 bodies.
    (WSJ, 3/25/04, p.A1)
2004        Mar 23, Joseph Iadone (b.1914), master lute player, died in Connecticut. His few CDs were all on the Lyrichord label (www.lyrichord.com).
    (WSJ, 4/27/04, p.D10)
2004        Mar 23, Chen Zhongwei (74), a Chinese surgeon credited with pioneering the process of reattaching severed limbs, died. Chen successfully reattached the severed right hand of an injured factory worker in 1963, in the first operation of its kind.
    (AP, 3/27/04)
2004        Mar 23, In Iraq gunmen opened fire on a van filled with police recruits south of Baghdad, killing nine. Other assailants shot and killed two policemen, twin brothers, north of the capital.
    (AP, 3/23/04)
2004        Mar 23, Israel threatened the entire Hamas leadership with death as Abdel Aziz Rantisi took command of the group in Gaza.
    (WSJ, 3/24/04, p.A1)
2004        Mar 23, Israeli helicopter gunships fired on gunmen in southern Lebanon, killing two and wounding one.
    (AP, 3/23/04)
2004        Mar 23, A chamber of Venezuela's Supreme Court dealt a blow to opponents of President Hugo Chavez by overruling fellow justices on a petition for recalling him from office.
    (AP, 3/23/04)

2005        Mar 23, Pres. Bush, Pres. Fox, and PM Paul Martin at a one-day summit in Texas signed a deal that provides for sweeping co-operation between Canada, Mexico and the US on security, economic and health issues. There was no sign of progress on touchy trade disputes. They agreed to boost border security and forge common approaches on everything from cargo inspection to maritime and aviation safety.
    (AP, 3/24/05)
2005        Mar 23, A federal appeals court refused to reinsert Terri Schiavo's feeding tube and the Florida Legislature decided not to intervene in the epic struggle over the brain-damaged woman; Schiavo's parents then filed a request with the Supreme Court.
    (AP, 3/23/06)
2005        Mar 23, Truck driver Tyrone Williams was convicted in a federal court in Houston for his role in the 2003 deaths of 19 illegal immigrants he was smuggling across Texas.
    (AP, 3/23/06)
2005        Mar 23, In Texas City, Texas, an explosion at BP's 1,200-acre plant near Houston killed 15 and injured more than 100 others. BP later acknowledged faulty equipment at the plant.
    (AP, 3/24/05)(SFC, 3/25/05, p.A4)(WSJ, 7/27/05, p.A1)
2005        Mar 23, Chinese President Hu Jintao stepped up pressure on North Korea to return to nuclear talks, telling its visiting premier that dialogue is the only way to settle the dispute.
    (AP, 3/23/05)
2005        Mar 23, Chinese state media reported that already severe water shortages are worsening due to heavy pollution of lakes and aquifers and urban development projects with a big thirst for water, such as lawns and fountains.
    (AP, 3/23/05)
2005        Mar 23, In southern Colombia Communist rebels ambushed a military convoy, killing 10 soldiers in a hail of gunfire and explosions.
    (AP, 3/23/05)
2005        Mar 23, It was reported that Dubai Holding, controlled by the ruler of Dubai, had reached a deal to buy 21,000 rental apartments in the US Sunbelt for $1 billion.
    (WSJ, 3/23/05, p.B6)
2005        Mar 23, Police fired tear gas into Ecuador's Congress before dawn to disperse opposition lawmakers who refused to leave after a legislative session that cut short a debate on candidates for attorney general.
    (AP, 3/23/05)
2005        Mar 23, France presented a U.N. resolution allowing for the prosecution of Sudanese war crimes suspects at the International Criminal Court, forcing the US to choose between accepting a body it opposes or casting a politically damaging veto.
    (AP, 3/23/05)
2005        Mar 23, Iran agreed to extend nuclear talks with EU nations and maintain a suspension of uranium enrichment but insisted it won’t scrap the program.
    (WSJ, 3/24/05, p.A1)
2005        Mar 23, Iraqi commandos backed by US forces raided a suspected guerrilla training camp and reportedly killed 85 fighters. Insurgents said only 11 were killed. 7 Iraqi commandos were killed.
    (AP, 3/23/05)(SFC, 3/25/05, p.A3)
2005        Mar 23, In Lebanon a bomb killed three people in a Christian commercial center, the second attack in an anti-Syrian stronghold in five days.
    (AP, 3/23/05)
2005        Mar 23, In Manila a terror suspect said the southern Philippines has become a major training ground for regional terror group Jemaah Islamiyah, graduating 23 bomb experts just days ago.
    (AP, 3/23/05)
2005        Mar 23, In South Africa some 21,000 Harmony Gold Mining Co. Ltd. mineworkers went on strike after mediation efforts with the union over pay and working conditions failed.
    (AP, 3/24/05)

2006        Mar 23, The US Federal Reserve ceased publication of the M3 monetary aggregate.
    (www.federalreserve.gov/releases/h6/discm3.htm)(Econ, 3/25/06, p.78)
2006        Mar 23, The US CDC said a new form of TB, called Extensively drug resistant TB (XDR-TB), posed challenges to efforts to bring the disease under control.
    (WSJ, 3/24/06, p.B2)
2006        Mar 23, Police took DNA samples from 46 members of the Duke University lacrosse team after a woman hired to dance for a party charged she'd been raped.
    (AP, 3/23/07)(SFC, 4/12/07, p.A2)
2006        Mar 23, General Motors Corp. said that it is raising nearly $9 billion in cash by selling a majority interest in its commercial mortgage division and sprucing up the finances of the auto loan and insurance business the struggling automaker is still trying to sell.
    (AP, 3/23/06)
2006        Mar 23, Sarah Caldwell (82), conductor and opera company director died in Portland, Maine.
    (AP, 3/23/07)
2006        Mar 23, Desmond T. Doss Sr. (87), a conscientious objector whose achievements as a noncombatant earned him a Medal of Honor in World War II, died in Piedmont, Ala.
    (AP, 3/23/07)
2006        Mar 23, In southern Afghanistan a police chief was killed by his own guard. Coalition forces announced the killing of six Taliban members in Oruzgan province.
    (AP, 3/23/06)
2006        Mar 23, In central Afghanistan a huge explosion ripped through a depot of confiscated munitions in a depot in the Jabalussaraj district of Parwan province, killing two people and injuring 45, and damaging scores of houses. Initial investigations indicated the blast was caused by a spark from an electric cable.
    (AP, 3/24/06)
2006        Mar 23, Mike Horn (39) of South Africa and Borge Ousland (43) of Norway completed a 620-mile trek without outside supplies or help from dog sleds to the North Pole after 64 days of walking, skiing, climbing, swimming across ice openings.
    (AP, 3/24/06)
2006        Mar 23, The Australian air force sank a North Korean cargo ship for target practice. It had been seized in 2003 after being used to smuggle heroin into Australia.
    (AP, 3/23/06)
2006        Mar 23, Belarussian protestors camped out for a fifth day in central Minsk as an opposition party leader released from prison declared that President Alexander Lukashenko's regime was at a "dead-end."
    (AFP, 3/23/06)
2006        Mar 23, Stephane Lambiel of Switzerland won his second straight World Figure Skating Championships title, in Calgary, Alberta.
    (AP, 3/23/07)
2006        Mar 23, A Danish soldier was killed by a roadside bomb in southern Iraq. He was the third Danish soldier to die in the conflict.
    (AP, 3/23/06)
2006        Mar 23, German prosecutors said 2 former employees of Siemens AG's Power Generation branch have been charged with offering bribes totaling some 6 million euros ($7.3 million) to secure contracts from Italian gas companies.
    (AP, 3/23/06)
2006        Mar 23, In India Sonia Gandhi, the leader of the governing coalition, stepped down as a member of Parliament amid inter-party feuding over a once-obscure election law and a growing controversy about whether she also held another job.
    (AP, 3/23/06)
2006        Mar 23, US and British troops freed three Christian peace activists in rural Iraq without firing a shot, ending a four-month hostage drama in which an American among the group was shot to death and dumped on a Baghdad street. At least 56 Iraqis died in violence, including a car bombing that killed 25 people in the third major attack on a police lockup in three days. A suicide car bomber detonated his explosives at the entrance to the Interior Ministry Major Crimes unit in Baghdad's central Karradah district, killing 10 civilians and 15 policemen employed there.
    (AP, 3/23/06)
2006        Mar 23, Human rights campaigners said Nigerian separatists have attacked census officials with acid and machetes in a violent campaign for the southeastern region to boycott the headcount. A violent start to Nigeria’s first census in 15 years left at least 10 dead and scores of others injured.
    (AP, 3/23/06)
2006        Mar 23, President Gen. Pervez Musharraf ordered all foreign militants to leave Pakistan or be killed. Pakistan protested the killing by Afghan soldiers of 14 people Pakistan claims were its citizens, the latest source of tension between the neighboring countries amid increasing violence along their rugged border.
    (AP, 3/23/06)
2006        Mar 23, Computer-savvy Philippine protesters took civil disobedience to cyberspace, launching a "virtual sit-in" campaign that urged online activists to overwhelm the police Web site with numerous hits.
    (AP, 3/23/06)
2006        Mar 23, Pope Benedict XVI convened the College of Cardinals for the first time since his election last year, inviting its members to share their concerns about the challenges facing the Catholic Church before adding 15 new members to their ranks.
    (AP, 3/23/06)
2006        Mar 23, The US ambassador said that the US and Venezuela had reached a temporary agreement that will avoid a proposed ban on flights by most US airlines to Venezuela.
    (AP, 3/23/06)

2007        Mar 23, The US House voted for the first time to clamp a cutoff deadline on the Iraq war, agreeing by a thin margin to pull combat troops out by next year and pushing the new Democratic-led Congress ever closer to a showdown with President Bush.
    (AP, 3/24/07)
2007        Mar 23, Former Interior Department official J. Steven Griles pleaded guilty to obstructing Congress, becoming the highest-ranking Bush administration official convicted in the Jack Abramoff lobbying scandal.
    (Reuters, 3/23/07)
2007        Mar 23, In Florida the aircraft carrier USS John F. Kennedy was decommissioned after nearly 40 years of service.
    (AP, 3/23/07)
2007        Mar 23, Rachel Smith of Tennessee bested 50 other aspiring beauty queens to win the title of Miss USA.
    (AP, 3/24/07)
2007        Mar 23, In California an Alameda County judge released a draft report giving the state 60 days to stop killing fish or shut down pumps that send water to southern California.
    (SFC, 3/24/07, p.A1)
2007        Mar 23, Militants ambushed a convoy carrying Afghan soldiers. In the ensuing clash, three suspected Taliban were killed and six were wounded.
    (AP, 3/24/07)
2007        Mar 23, Australia called on South Africa to pressure Zimbabwe's President Robert Mugabe to quit, saying the 83-year-old leader was a disaster for his country. South Africa defended its policy on Zimbabwe as the only way to approach Mugabe's authoritarian government and said African nations might convene a summit to deal with the crisis.
    (AFP, 3/23/07)(Reuters, 3/23/07)
2007        Mar 23, Brazil's environmental agency approved a $2 billion project to shift the course of a major river in Brazil, a plan bitterly opposed by environmentalists. The Sao Francisco River project is meant to benefit some 12 million poor people by allowing large sections of the country's arid northeast to be irrigated.
    (AP, 3/22/07)
2007        Mar 23, A Brazilian housewife was convicted and sentenced to 19 years in prison for killing her husband, chopping his body into small pieces and frying it. Rosanita Nery dos Santos (52) drugged her husband in his sleep, then stabbed him to death two years ago in Salvador, about 900 miles northeast of Sao Paulo.
    (AP, 3/23/07)
2007        Mar 23, In Colombia Jorge Noguera, Pres. Alvaro Uribe's former spy chief, was freed from jail after a judge ruled his imprisonment for alleged links to far-right militias was illegal on procedural grounds.
    (AP, 3/23/07)
2007        Mar 23, Congo's chief prosecutor issued an arrest warrant for Jean-Pierre Bemba, a former warlord and senator, who took refuge inside a foreign embassy while his personal army and government troops fought in the capital. The head of Congo's army said in a nationally televised address that security forces had regained control of Kinshasa after two days of intense fighting against the militia of a former warlord who lost last year's presidential runoff. An aid group working with hospitals and morgues said more than 100 people died in two days of fighting. EU envoys later said the fighting left 600 dead.
    (AP, 3/23/07)(WSJ, 3/24/07, p.A1)(AP, 3/25/07)(WSJ, 3/28/07, p.A1)
2007        Mar 23, A committee of the European Commission on plant health met to discuss measures to prevent further importation of palm trees infested with Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, an aggressive weevil that has infested palm trees around the Mediterranean.
    (WSJ, 3/24/07, p.A5)
2007        Mar 23, Iranian naval vessels seized 15 British sailors and marines who had boarded a merchant ship in Iraqi waters of the Persian Gulf as part of efforts to protect the Iraqi coastline and its oil terminals; they were held for 13 days.
    (AP, 3/23/07)(AP, 3/23/08)
2007        Mar 23, Iraq's deputy prime minister, a Sunni who crossed the country's sectarian divide to join the Shiite-led government, was wounded in a suicide bombing at a mosque in the courtyard of his home. Nine people were killed. A US soldier on a foot patrol was killed by a roadside bomb south of Baghdad.
    (AP, 3/23/07)(AP, 3/24/07)
2007        Mar 23, A Japanese whaling ship returned to port from Antarctica with a catch of 508 whales, despite having its annual hunt cut short by a deadly fire.
    (AP, 3/23/07)
2007        Mar 23, A human rights group said Kenya has deported more than 100 people from 19 countries to Somalia after they crossed the border between the two countries illegally during fighting earlier this year, and the deportees were subsequently arrested by Ethiopian troops.
    (AP, 3/23/07)
2007        Mar 23, Maoist demonstrators displayed the bodies of 25 slain activists in open trucks to protest their killings in Nepal's restive south. Thousands demonstrated on the streets of the capital Katmandu two days after a fierce battle between the former communist rebels and supporters of an ethnic rights organization left 28 dead and more than 30 wounded in the town of Gaur.
    (AP, 3/23/07)
2007        Mar 23, In southern Nigeria gunmen kidnapped three foreign construction workers, including a Dutch national, in two separate incidents.
    (AP, 3/23/07)
2007        Mar 23, In Pakistan Ali Mohammed Jan Aurakzai, the North West Frontier Province governor, said clashes between Pakistani tribesmen and foreign militants near the Afghan border this week have left up to 160 people dead, including about 130 Uzbek and Chechen fighters. Officials said warring tribesmen and foreign Al-Qaeda militants have agreed to a ceasefire after four days of bloodshed in the border region.
    (AP, 3/23/07)
2007        Mar 23, In Somalia a cargo plane was shot down by a missile during takeoff died. Ten of the crew died in the crash. Rescuers found a wounded crew member and took him to a Mogadishu hospital where he died while being treated. All crew members were either Ukrainian or Belarussian. Egi Azarian, acting head of Belarus-based Transaviaexport, confirmed that the company's plane was shot down.
    (AP, 3/24/07)
2007        Mar 23, A South Korean presidential panel removed a year-old ban on research into the cloning of human embryonic stem cells.
    (AP, 3/23/07)
2007        Mar 23, Sri Lankan troops advanced into territory held by Tamil Tiger rebels, shifting the battle lines to the island's north where the latest death toll on both sides hit 37.
    (AP, 3/23/07)
2007        Mar 23, The United Nations said nearly 800 people have died after a meningitis epidemic spread from Burkina Faso to eight other western African countries since the start of the year. Benin, Chad, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Nigeria and Togo have also been affected to differing degrees.
    (AFP, 3/23/07)

2008        Mar 23, It was reported that 1,195 migrating bison had been culled in Montana after leaving Yellowstone in search of food. The culling was expected to continue through April.
    (SSFC, 3/23/08, p.A4)
2008        Mar 23, Network Solutions, an American network provider, said it had suspended a website that Dutch MP Geert Wilders had reserved to post his anti-Islamic film, which has sparked wide condemnation and fears of a backlash.
    (AP, 3/23/08)
2008        Mar 23, The Alaska Ranger, a 189-foot fishing vessel, sank off the Aleutian Islands, killing the captain and 4 crew members. 42 crew members were rescued. State environmental regulators were notified that the ship was carrying 145,000 gallons of diesel when it sank in deep seas.
    (AP, 3/24/08)(SFC, 10/1/09, p.A6)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FV_Alaska_Ranger)
2008        Mar 23, In Wisconsin Madeline Neumann (11) died of complication from diabetes after her parents prayed in lieu of seeking medical help. Both parents were charged with reckless homicide.
    (SSFC, 7/26/09, p.A12)(www.religionnewsblog.com/21316/madeline-kara-neuman)
2008        Mar 23, In Afghanistan 5 members of an Afghan mine-clearing team were killed.
    (SFC, 3/25/08, p.A3)
2008        Mar 23, China attacked House Speaker Nancy Pelosi for her recent meeting with the Dalai Lama, accusing her and other "human rights police" of double standards and ignoring the truth about the unrest in Tibet. Han residents said some 500 Uighurs protested in Khotan in the northwestern Xinjiang region. A bombing targeted a government building in the town of Gyanbe. Chinese authorities later arrested 9 monks for the bombing.
    (AP, 3/23/08)(SFC, 4/3/08, p.A8)(AFP, 4/13/08)
2008        Mar 23, In Indian Kashmir 4 policemen and a senior member of a hardline Islamic militant group were killed in a fierce gun battle near Srinagar.
    (AP, 3/23/08)
2008        Mar 23, Iranian artillery shelled three border towns in northern Iraq where Iranian Kurdish rebels are believed to be operating.
    (AP, 3/23/08)
2008        Mar 23, In Iraq a suicide car bomber killed at least 13 Iraqi soldiers and wounded dozens more people in Mosul. At least 10 civilians were killed and 20 more were wounded in rocket or mortar blasts in scattered areas of eastern Baghdad. The US-protected Green Zone in Baghdad came under fire from either mortars or rockets, and a round that fell short injured two bystanders. An American financial analyst working for the US Embassy in Baghdad was severely wounded in the rocket attack and died soon after. The overall US death toll in Iraq rose to 4,000 after four soldiers were killed in a roadside bombing in Baghdad.
    (AP, 3/23/08)(AP, 3/24/08)(AP, 3/26/08)
2008        Mar 23, In eastern Japan a person was stabbed to death and at least seven others were hurt by a man who went on a knifing spree at a shopping mall. Police arrested Masahiro Kanagawa (24), who was also wanted over the earlier slaying of a 72-year-old man.
    (AP, 3/23/08)
2008        Mar 23, In Pakistan 25 trucks carrying fuel to US-led forces in Afghanistan were destroyed in a possible bomb attack near the Torkham customs post. At least 50 people were injured.
    (SFC, 3/24/08, p.A12)
2008        Mar 23, Saudi Arabia said inflation reached a 27-year high of 8.7% in February.
    (WSJ, 3/24/08, p.A6)
2008        Mar 23, Serbian PM Vojislav Kostunica accused NATO peacekeepers and UN police of using "snipers and banned ammunition" to quell a Serb riot against Kosovo's independence.
    (AP, 3/23/08)
2008        Mar 23, South Korea's Hyundai Motor said it would begin mass producing hybrid cars next year amid growing demand for fuel-efficient and environmentally friendly vehicles.
    (AP, 3/23/08)
2008        Mar 23, In southeast Turkey Kurdish protesters clashed with police for a 4th day. Two people have been killed In the clashes and dozens injured.
     (WSJ, 3/24/08, p.A1)

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