Today in History - July 1
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70CE Jul 1, Roman
Emperor Titus assaulted the walls of Jerusalem with battering rams.
(MC, 7/1/02)
96CE Jul 1, Vespasian, a Roman
Army leader, was hailed as a Roman Emperor by the Egyptian legions.
(HN, 7/1/98)
1097 Jul 1, The 1st Crusaders
defeated Sultan Kilidj Arslan of Nicea.
(MC, 7/1/02)
1200 Jul 1, Sunglasses were
invented in China.
(MC, 7/1/02)
1390 Jul 1, A French and Genovese
armada sailed out against Barbary pirates.
(MC, 7/1/02)
1517 Jul 1, The 1st burning of
Protestants at stake in Netherlands.
(MC, 7/1/02)
1523 Jul 1, Hendrik Voes, Flemish
priest, church reformer, was burned at stake along with John of
Esschen, Flemish priest, church reformer.
(MC, 7/1/02)
1535 Jul 1, Sir Thomas More went
on trial in England for treason.
(MC, 7/1/02)
1543 Jul 1, England and Scotland
signed the peace of Greenwich.
(HN, 7/1/98)
1569 Jul 1, The Lublin Union was
signed and direct rule over Lithuania was passed to Poland. Lithuania
maintained certain ministers, laws, money and an army. The territories
of Volinija, Kiev and Podolija were transferred to Polish rule.
(H of L, 1931, p.72-74)(LC, 1998, p.20)
1569 Jul 1, Latvia Parliament
accepted the Union of Lublin and was incorporated into Poland.
(MC, 7/1/02)
1596 Jul 1, An English fleet under
the Earl of Essex, Lord Howard of Effingham and Francis Vere captured
and sacked Cadiz, Spain.
(HN, 7/1/98)
1646 Jul 1, Gottfried Von Leibniz
(Leibnitz, d.1716), German philosopher and mathematician, was born.
(HN, 7/1/98)(WUD, 1994, p.819)
1656 Jul 1, The 1st Quakers, Mary
Fisher and Ann Austin, arrived in Boston and were promptly arrested.
(MC, 7/1/02)
1690 Jul 1, England's Protestant
King William III of Orange was victorious over his father-in-law, the
Catholic King James II (from Scot) in Battle of Boyne (in Ireland).
This touched off three centuries of religious bloodshed. Protestants
took over the Irish Parliament. This marked the beginning of the annual
Drumcree parade, held by the Loyal Orange Lodge on the first Sunday of
July. Due to calendar changes in 1752 this later became commemorated on
Jul 12.
(PC, 1992, p.265)(WSJ, 7/11/96, p.A1)(SFEC,
12/22/96, Z1 p.6)(SFEC, 7/4/99, p.A18)
1690 Jul 1, Led by Marshall
Luxembourg, the French defeated the forces of the Grand Alliance at
Fleurus in the Netherlands.
(HN, 7/1/98)
1776 Jul 1, The Continental
Congress, sitting as a committee, met on July 1, 1776, to debate a
resolution submitted by Virginia delegate Richard Henry Lee on June 7.
The resolution stated that the United Colonies "are, and of right ought
to be, free and independent States." The committee voted for the motion
and, on July 2 in formal session took the final vote for independence.
(HNQ, 7/1/99)
1776 Jul 1, The British fleet
anchored off Sandy Hook in New York Bay.
(WSJ, 11/16/99, p.A28)
1777 Jul 1, British troops
departed from their base at the Bouquet river to head toward
Ticonderoga, New York.
(HN, 7/1/00)
1784 Jul 1, Wilhelm Friedmann Bach
(73), composer (Sinfonias 64), died.
(MC, 7/1/02)
1798 Jul 1, Napoleon Bonaparte
took Alexandria, Egypt. In 1962 J.C. Herold authored "Bonaparte in
Egypt." A corps of 150 civilian artists and scientists traveled with
Napoleon’s troops to Egypt. In 2007 Nina Burleigh authored “Mirage:
Napoleon’s Scientists and the Unveiling of Egypt.”
(SFC, 9/11/97, p.E3)(HN, 7/1/98)(ON, 12/99,
p.4)(SFC, 12/14/07, p.E3)
1804 Jul 1, George Sand
(Amandine-Aurore Lucille Dupin de Francueil, d.1876), French novelist,
was born in Paris. She wrote some 80 novels that included “Consuelo”
(1842) and “La Comtesse de Rudolstadt” (1843). In 1975 Curtis Cate
published the biography: "George Sand." "I would rather believe that
God did not exist than believe that He was indifferent."
(WUD, 1994, p.1265)(HN, 7/1/01) (AP, 10/17/98)(HN,
7/1/01)(Econ, 7/31/04, p.72)
1818 Jul 1, Ignaz Semmelweis
(d.1865), Hungarian gynecologist, was born. He later connected childbed
fever to doctors who spread of germs due to their failure to wash their
hands. In 2003 Sherwin B. Nuland authored "The Doctors' Plague: Germs,
Childbed Fever and the Strange Story of Ignac Semmelweis."
(MC, 7/1/02)(SSFC, 11/23/03, p.M3)
1823 Jul 1, The United Provinces
of Central America (Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and San
Salvador) gained independence from Mexico. The union dissolved by 1840.
(PC, 1992, p.393)(ON, 12/99, p.5)
1838 Jul 1, Charles Darwin
presented a paper on his theory of evolution to the Linnea Society in
London.
(HN, 7/1/01)
1847 Jul 1, The faces of founding
fathers Benjamin Franklin and George Washington were pictured on the
first U.S. government-sponsored postage stamps. Following a
Congressional directive, the Post Office issued a Franklin five-cent
stamp and a Washington 10-cent stamp.
(HNQ, 5/16/98)(HN, 7/1/98)
1848 Jul 1, Ranald MacDonald
(1824-1894), a Chinook-Scottish sailor, separated from an American
whaling ship and arrived at Rishiri Island off Hokkaido, Japan. He was
imprisoned for virtually his whole 10-month stay. In 2003 Frederik L.
Schodt authored "Native American in the Land of the Shogun: Ranald
MacDonald and the Opening of Japan."
(SSFC, 7/12/03, p.M3)(Econ, 12/22/07, p.63)
1858 Jul 1, The Darwin-Wallace
theory of evolution was 1st read at a meeting of the Linnaean Society
of London.
(NH, 2/02, p.76)
1860 Jul 1, Charles Goodyear
(b.1800), inventor or the vulcanization process for rubber, died. In
2002 Charles Slack authored "Noble Obsession" an account of his quest
to develop a form of rubber impervious to high temperatures.
(WSJ, 7/31/02,
p.D10)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Goodyear)
1861 Jul 1, The US War Department
decreed that Kansas and Tennessee were to be canvassed for volunteers.
(MC, 7/1/02)
1862 Jul 1, Abraham Lincoln
instituted an income tax to pay for the Civil War. The US Internal
Revenue Service (IRS) was founded. Internal Revenue Law imposed federal
taxes on inheritance, tobacco & a progressive rate on incomes over
$600.
(SFC, 11/2/96, p.D1)(WSJ, 12/15/95, p.A-1)(MC,
7/1/02)
1862 Jul 1, The US Congress
outlawed polygamy for the 1st time. The Morrill Anti-Bigamy Act, signed
by Pres. Lincoln, made polygamy illegal in American territories. It led
to the prosecution of over 1300 Mormons. It also granted large tracts
of public land to the states with the directive to sell for the support
of institutions teaching the mechanical and agricultural arts. It also
obligated state male university students to military training. The
education initiative resulted in 68 land-grant colleges.
(SFEM, 6/28/98, p.39)(SFEM, 1/30/00, p.8,14)(HNQ,
10/6/02)(MC, 7/1/02)
1862 Jul 1, In day 7 of the 7 Days
Battle Union artillery stopped a Confederate attack at Malvern Hill,
Virginia. Casualties totaled: US 15,249 and CS 17,583.
(HN, 7/1/98)(MC, 7/1/02)
1862 Jul 1, Czar Alexander II
granted Jews the right to publish books.
(MC, 7/1/02)
1863 Jul 1, The opening
shot at the Battle of Gettysburg was at 7:30 a.m. In the first day's
fighting at Gettysburg, Federal forces retreated through the town and
dug in at Cemetery Ridge and Cemetery Hill. Gen. Robert E. Lee's
ordered Lt. Gen. Richard Ewell, "Take the hill if practicable, but do
not bring on a general engagement..." Books on the campaign included
"The Gettysburg Campaign, A Study in Command," by Edwin B. Coddington
and "Gettysburg: Culp's Hill and Cemetery Hill," by Harry W. Pfanz. The
novel "While Gods and Generals" by Jeff Shaara, son of Michael Shaara,
describes the years leading up to the battle.
(HFA, '96, p.32)(AP, 7/1/97)(SFEC, 6/21/98,
p.D5)(HN, 7/1/98)
1863 Jul 1, John Fulton Reynolds
(42), Union general, died in battle at Gettysburg.
(MC, 7/1/02)
1863 Jul 1, The Dutch abolished
slavery in Suriname. The Dutch were among the last Europeans to abolish
slavery.
(AP, 7/2/03)
1864 Jul 1, Battle of Petersburg,
VA, began.
(MC, 7/1/02)
1867 Jul 1, Canada became a
self-governing dominion of Great Britain as the British North America
Act took effect. The Dominion of Canada included New Brunswick, Nova
Scotia, Ontario and Quebec. A dispute with Manitoba on territory in
northwest Ontario was settled in 1889 on behalf of Ontario. John
Alexander Macdonald became the 1st prime minister.
(AP,
7/1/97)(www.canadiana.org/citm/themes/constitution/constitution13_e.html)
1873 Jul 1, Prince Edward Island
became the 7th Canadian province.
(MC, 7/1/02)
1874 Jul 1, The 1st US zoo opened
in Philadelphia.
(MC, 7/1/02)
1878 Jul 1, Treaty of Berlin
divided Africa for colonization. [see Jul 13]
(MC, 7/1/02)
1882 Jul 1, Susan Glaspell
(d.1948), novelist and playwright, author of "Alison’s House," was born.
(WUD, 1994 p.600)(HN, 7/1/98)
1884 Jul 1, Allan Pinkerton
(b.1819) founder of the Pinkerton Agency, died in Chicago. In 1996
James Mackay authored “Allan Pinkerton.”
(http://aotw.org/officers.php?officer_id=918)(ON,
7/06, p.12)
1892 Jul 1, James M. Cain
(d.1977), fiction writer, was born in Annapolis, Maryland. His work
included "The Postman Always Rings Twice" and "Mildred Pierce." As a
member of the "hard-boiled" school of crime fiction of the 1930s and
1940s he is often associated with the equally popular writers Dashiell
Hammett and Raymond Chandler.
(HN, 7/1/98)(iUniv. 7/1/00)
1893 Jul 1, Pres. Cleveland
underwent a secret oral surgery aboard the yacht Oneida for a cancerous
growth in his upper palate.
(ON, 10/99, p.11)
1896 Jul 1, Harriet Beecher Stowe
(85), US author (Uncle Tom's Cabin), died.
(MC, 7/1/02)
1898 Jul 1, American troops took
San Juan Hill and El Caney, Cuba, from the Spaniards. During the
Spanish-American War, Theodore Roosevelt and his "Rough Riders" waged a
victorious assault on San Juan Hill in SE Cuba. Lieutenant Colonel
Theodore Roosevelt was unsatisfied with the lack of clear orders and
decided to lead a charge up San Juan Hill himself. At first, Regular
troops were resistant to following a volunteer officer, but Assistant
Secretary of the Navy Roosevelt and his eager Rough Riders managed to
rally enough troops and convince enough officers to charge. By
nightfall, the Spaniards had retreated and the heights overlooking
Santiago were in American hands. The black Buffalo Soldiers captured
San Juan Hill. As the Rough Riders shipped off to war the band played:
"There’ll Be A Hot Time in the Old Town Tonight."
(WUD, 1994, p.1267)(AP, 7/1/97)(SFEC, 4/5/98,
p.C14)(HNPD, 7/1/99)
1898 Jul 1, Major Gen. Joseph
Wheeler (63) led a cavalry division in the Battle of San Juan Hill. As
a Confederate brigadier and then major general, "Fightin' Joe" Wheeler
commanded the cavalry of the Confederate Army of Mississippi and,
later, the Army of Tennessee. Captured in May 1865, he went on to have
a prosperous postwar life, serving as a US congressman for eight terms.
After his Spanish-American War service, Wheeler retired from the army
as a brigadier general of US Regulars. When he died in January 1906, he
was interred in Arlington National Cemetery.
(HNQ, 2/13/02)
1898 Jul 1, The US Congress passed
legislation regarding bankruptcy. The Bankruptcy Act of 1898, also
known as the "Nelson Act," was the first Act of Congress involving
bankruptcy that gave companies an option of being protected from
creditors. Previous attempts at federal bankruptcy laws had lasted at
most a few years.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bankruptcy_Act_of_1898)
1898 Jul 1, China leased the New
Territories and 235 adjacent islands to Britain on a 99-year lease.
(SFEC, 11/10/96, Par p.14)(SFC, 3/11/97,
p.A12)(SFEC, 6/22/97, p.A14)(SFC, 7/1/97, p.A8)
1899 Jul 1, Reverend Thomas
Dorsey, father of gospel music, was born.
(HN, 7/1/98)
1899 Jul 1, Charles Laughton,
actor (Mutiny on Bounty, Spartacus), was born in England.
(MC, 7/1/02)
1899 Jul 1, Gideon Society was
established to place bibles in hotels.
(MC, 7/1/02)
1902 Jul 1, William Wyler
(d.1981), film director (The Best Years of Our Lives, Ben Hur), was
born.
(HN, 7/1/01)(SFC, 7/8/02, p.D2)
1902 Jul 1, Start of Sherlock
Holmes "Disappearance of Lady Frances Carfax."
(MC, 7/1/02)
1903 Jul 1, Amy Johnson, English
aviator, was born.
(HN, 7/1/01)
1903 Jul 1, The 1st Tour de France
bicycle race began.
(MC, 7/1/02)
1907 Jul 1, World's 1st air force
was established as part of the US Army.
(MC, 7/1/02)
1907 Jul 1, The Asiatic
Registration Act became law in the province of Transvaal, SA.
(ON, 9/03, p.1)
1908 Jul 1, Estee Lauder, CEO of
Estee Lauder's cosmetics, was born.
(MC, 7/1/02)
1911 Jul 1, A proclamation removed
"Dei Gratia" from Canada's coins.
(MC, 7/1/02)
1912 Jul 1, Drama critic Harriet
Quimby (b.1875) took a passenger up in her new Blériot monoplane
from Boston to fly over Dorchester Bay at the Harvard-Boston Aviation
Meet. As she descended for landing, the plane went into a dive and,
without seat belts, she and her passenger were thrown out into the
shallow water of the bay, where they struck the muddy bottom and were
crushed to death. Quimby was the first American to receive a pilot's
license (1911) and was the first woman to solo across the English
Channel (1912). Her interest in flight was piqued at an aviation meet
in 1910.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harriet_Quimby)(HNPD,
7/31/98)(ON, 1/00, p.11)
1913 Jul 1, Serbia and Greece
declared war on Bulgaria.
(MC, 7/1/02)
1915 Jul 1, Willie Dixon, blues
musician, was born.
(HN, 7/1/01)
1915 Jul 1, Jean Stafford,
American writer (The Mountain Lion), was born.
(HN, 7/1/01)
1916 Jul 1, Olivia DeHavilland
(Academy Award-winning actress: To Each His Own [1946], The Heiress
[1949]; Gone with the Wind), was born.
(MC, 7/1/02)
1916 Jul 1, Dwight D. Eisenhower
married Mary "Mamie" Geneva Doud in Denver.
(AP, 7/1/97)
1916 Jul 1, Roland Robert Tuck,
London, British Spitfire ace during World War II who shot down 29 enemy
planes Tuck's hard-won flying skill and a remarkable run of good
fortune contributed to victory in the Battle of Britain, was born.
(HN, 7/1/98)
1916 Jul 1, At 7:30AM, a 5 day,
continuous, British artillery bombardment of German lines stopped, and
11 British divisions (100,000 men) went "over the top" toward the
Germans. By 9AM 22,000 were dead & another 40,000 were wounded in
what became known as the Battle of the Somme. These attacks continued
for another five months, costing the British over one million killed
& wounded.
(MC, 7/1/02)
1916 Jul 1, British court martial
was held for the Dublin Easter uprising.
(MC, 7/1/02)
1917 Jul 1, The 1893 upper
jaw cancer operation for President Grover Cleveland remained a secret
until July 1, 1917, when the doctor who performed the operation
revealed the story.
(HNQ, 11/6/99)
1924 Jul 1, A regular
transcontinental airmail service formed between NYC and SF.
(MC, 7/1/02)
1928 Jul 1, Avery Hopwood
(b.1882), US playwright, died in France. He left a bequest to the Univ.
of Michigan that established the Avery and Julie Hopwood Awards in
Creative Writing.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avery_Hopwood)(LSA,
Fall/02, p.3)
1929 Jul 1, The US Immigration law
of 1924 went into effect.
(MC, 7/1/02)
1931 Jul 1, Ice vending machines
were introduced in LA.
(MC, 7/1/02)
1932 Jul 1, New York Gov. Franklin
D. Roosevelt was nominated for president at the Democratic convention
in Chicago.
(AP, 7/1/07)
1933 Jul 1, Strauss-Hofmannsthal
opera "Arabella," premiered in Dresden.
(MC, 7/1/02)
1933 Jul 1, German Nazi regime
decreed married women should not work.
(MC, 7/1/02)
1934 Jul 1, Sydney Pollack, film
director (Tootsie, Presumed Innocent, The Firm, Out of Africa), was
born in Lafayette, Indiana.
(www.nndb.com/people/772/000023703/)
1934 Jul 1, Jamie Farr (Jameel
Farah) (actor: M*A*S*H, The Blackboard Jungle, Scrooged, Cannonball
Run, With Six You Get Egg Roll), was born.
(MC, 7/1/02)
1934 Jul 1, The 1st x-ray photo of
entire body was made in Rochester, NY.
(MC, 7/1/02)
1937 Jul 1, Rev. Martin Niemoeller
(Bekennende Kirche) was arrested in Germany.
(MC, 7/1/02)
1937 Jul 1, Spanish bishops
supported Franco & fascists.
(MC, 7/1/02)
1940 Jul 1, Australia refused
entry to Dutch Jewish refugees.
(MC, 7/1/02)
1941 Jul 1, Commercial black and
white television broadcasting began in the US under approval by the
FCC. NBC’s New York station was the 1st to transition from radio to TV.
“Truth or Consequences” with host Ralph Edwards became the 1st
commercial TV show for NBC. WW II disrupted TV’s progress. “Truth or
Consequences” prospered on radio and returned to TV in
1950.
(http://www.tvhistory.tv/History%20of%20TV.htm)(SFC,
11/17/05, p.B5)
1942 Jul 1, Genevieve Bujold,
actress (King of Hearts, Choose Me, Coma), was born in Montreal.
(MC, 7/1/02)
1942 Jul 1, German troops captured
Sebastopol, Crimea, in the Soviet Union.
(HN, 7/1/98)
1943 Jul 1, "Pay-as-you-go" income
tax withholding began.
(AP, 7/1/97)
1944 Jul 1, Delegates from 44
countries began meeting at Bretton Woods, N.H., where they agreed to
establish the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. The US
hosted an international conference at Bretton Woods, N.H., to deal with
international monetary and financial problems. The talks resulted in
the creation of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World
Bank in 1945. The agreement was a gold exchange standard and only the
US was required to convert its currency into gold at a fixed rate, and
only foreign central banks were allowed the privilege of redemption. In
1983 Michael Moffitt authored “The World’s Money: Int’l. Banking from
Bretton Woods to the Brink of Insolvency.” In 1997 Catherine Caufield
wrote "Masters of Illusion: The World Bank and the Poverty of Nations."
(SFC, 1/13/98, p.A4)(WSJ, 10/15/98, p.A22)(AP,
7/1/04)(WM, 1983, p.13)
1944 Jul 1, Over 2500 were killed
in London and SE England by German flying bombs.
(MC, 7/1/02)
1944 Jul 1, Count Claus von
Stauffenberg was promoted to colonel.
(MC, 7/1/02)
1945 Jul 1, New York established
the New York State Commission Against Discrimination to prevent
discrimination in employment because of race, creed or natural origin;
it was the first such agency in the United States.
(HN, 7/1/98)
1946 Jul 1, Deborah Harry (singer:
group: Blondie: The Tide is High, Rapture, Heart of Glass, Sunday
Girl), was born.
(MC, 7/1/02)
1946 Jul 1, Ron Silver, actor
(Reversal of Fortune, Entity, Silkwood, Best Friends), was born in NYC.
(MC, 7/1/02)
1946 Jul 1, The United States
exploded a 20-kiloton atomic bomb near Bikini Atoll in the Marshall
Islands in the Pacific Ocean. The energy released by any one of the ten
or so major earthquakes every year is about 1,000 times as much as the
Bikini atomic bomb.
(DD-EVTT, p.76)(WUD, 1994, p.147)(AP, 7/1/97)
1947 Jul 1, The Willem Ruys, later
Achille Lauro, a 192m long passenger ship, was launched.
(MC, 7/1/02)
1948 Jul 1, Brooklyn's Roy
Campanella debuted as catcher.
(MC, 7/1/02)
1948 Jul 1, New York International
Airport at Idlewild, later renamed John F. Kennedy International
Airport, was officially opened.
(AP, 7/1/98)
1948 Jul 1, The fare on New York
City subways doubled from a nickel to ten cents.
(AP, 7/1/98)
1948 Jul 1, Charles D. Harrold,
radio pioneer, died in Oakland, Ca. He broadcast the 1st radio
entertainment program in 1912.
(TV)
1950 Jul 1, American ground troops
arrived in South Korea to stem the tide of the advancing North Korean
army.
(HN, 7/1/98)
1950 Jul 1, The EPU came into
being, by agreement of the country members of the Organization for
European Economic Cooperation (OEEC). The latter had replaced the
original Committee of European Economic Cooperation (CEEC), in April,
1948, and is an organization of European recipients of U.S. economic
assistance.
(www.eagletraders.com)
1952 Jul 1, Dan Aykroyd (comedian,
actor: Driving Miss Daisy, Grosse Point Blank, Coneheads, Saturday
Night Live, Dragnet, Ghostbusters, The Blues Brothers), was born.
(MC, 7/1/02)
1956 Jul 1, Elvis Presley appeared
on Steve Allen Show wearing a tuxedo.
(MC, 7/1/02)
1957 Jul 1, The International
Geophysical Year, an 18-month global scientific study, began. 12
nations established over 60 stations in Antarctica. The beginning of
international cooperation in Antarctica and the start of the process by
which Antarctica becomes "non-national."
(AP, 7/1/07)(http://tinyurl.com/337joj)
1959 Jul 1, Israeli Knesset agreed
to weapon sales to West Germany.
(MC, 7/1/02)
1960 Jul 1, Fidel Castro
nationalized Esso, Shell & Texaco in Cuba.
(MC, 7/1/02)
1960 Jul 1, Ghana became an
independent republic within the British Commonwealth and Kwama N.
Nkrumah became the 1st president.
(PC, 1992, p.973)
1960 Jul 1, French and Italian
Somaliland gained independence and united with the Somali Republic.
(PC, 1992, p.973)(Econ, 7/4/09, p.44)
1960 Jul 1, USSR shot down a US
RB-47 reconnaissance plane.
(MC, 7/1/02)
1961 Jul 1, Carl Lewis (Olympic
Gold Medalist: 100 meter & 200 meter sprints, long jump & 4x100
meter relay [1984]; 100 meter in 9.93 seconds, a world record, long
jump, 4x100 meter relay [1988], long jump and 4x100 relay [1992];
Olympic Hall of Famer; AP Male Athlete of the Year [1983, 1984]), was
born.
(MC, 7/1/02)
1961 Jul 1, Diana Frances Spencer,
the princess of Wales, was born near Sandringham, England. She died
August, 1997, in a car crash in Paris at age 36.
(AP, 7/1/98)
1961 Jul 1, British troops landed
in Kuwait to aid against Iraqi threats.
(HN, 7/1/98)
1961 Jul 1, Louis-Ferdinand Celine
(b.1894), French physician, author, anti-Semite, died. His books
included “Journey to the End of Night” (1932).
(www.kirjasto.sci.fi/lfceline.htm)(WSJ, 9/23/06,
p.P8)
1962 Jul 1, Some 6 million of a
total Algerian electorate of 6.5 million cast their ballots in the
referendum on independence. The vote was nearly unanimous. De Gaulle
pronounced Algeria an independent country on July 3. The Provisional
Executive, however, proclaimed July 5, the 132nd anniversary of the
French entry into Algeria, as the day of national independence.
(www.onwar.com/aced/data/alpha/falgeria1954.htm)
1963 Jul 1, The U.S. Post Office
inaugurated its five-digit ZIP codes. The Zoning Improvement Plan was
initially developed by Robert Aurand Moon (d.2001 at 83).
(AP, 7/1/97)(HN, 7/1/98)(SFC, 4/16/01, p.A22)
1964 Jul 1, Pierre Monteux (89),
French-US conductor (Concert Bldg Orch), died.
(MC, 7/1/02)
1966 Jul 1, The Medicare federal
insurance program went into effect.
(AP, 7/1/97)
1966 Jul 1, The U.S. Marines
launched Operation Holt in an attempt to finish off a Vietcong
battalion in Thua Thien Province in Vietnam.
(HN, 7/1/98)
1967 Jul 1, "Funny Girl" closed at
Winter Garden Theater in NYC after 1348 performances.
(MC, 7/1/02)
1967 Jul 1, Beatles' "Sgt Pepper's
Lonely Hearts Club Band," went #1 for 15 weeks.
(MC, 7/1/02)
1968 Jul 1, The Band released
their "Music From Big Pink" album. It features one of their best-known
songs, "The Weight."
(WSJ, 12/15/99,
p.A20)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_from_Big_Pink)
1968 Jul 1, The United States,
Britain, the Soviet Union and 58 other nations signed the Nuclear
Non-Proliferation Treaty. India refused to sign.
(AP, 7/1/97)(SFC, 5/28/98,
p.A9)(http://tinyurl.com/d5cf45)
1968 Jul 1, Dominica’s left-wing
government brought in the Seditious and Undesirable Publications Act to
suppress dissent. Eugenia Charles led the opposition to get it
withdrawn and was made the leader of the Dominica Free Party.
(Econ, 9/17/05,
p.90)(http://tinyurl.com/l5lh6m)
1969 Jul 1, Britain's Prince
Charles was invested as the Prince of Wales.
(AP, 7/1/99)
1969 Jul 1, The Tokyo Stock Price
Index (TOPIX) was inaugurated.
(WSJ, 3/15/07, p.C1)
1970 Jul 1, In Guatemala Gen.
Carlos Arana Osorio (1918-2003), a hard-line conservative of the
National Liberation Movement, began serving as president and continued
to 1974. He expanded efforts to bring armed rebels under control and
prosecuted student radicals. He declared a state of siege in his 1st
year.
(AP, 12/6/03)(SFC, 12/8/03,
p.A20)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Manuel_Arana_Osorio)
1971 Jul 1, President Nixon
ordered chief of staff H. R. Haldeman to have the Brookings Institute
burglarized. Nixon met with Haldeman and Kissinger and told them:
"We’re up against an enemy, a conspiracy, that (sic) are using any
means."
(www.historycommons.org/context.jsp?item=a063071nixonburglaries)(SFC,
11/23/96, p.A6)
1971 Jul 1, The US Post Office
Department was transformed into the US Postal Service as an independent
establishment of the executive branch of the Government of the United
States. The US government changed the Post Office to a quasi-government
body with a mandate to be financially self-sustaining.
(SFEC, 9/29/96,
C13)(http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blmailus5.htm)(AP,
7/1/01)
1971 Jul 1, The state of
Washington became the 1st US state to ban sex discrimination.
(http://amiannoying.com/(S(01543u55fxileom1lbr04z2u))/view.aspx?ID=6957)
1971 Jul 1, Great Britain and
Argentina signed an accord on sea and air links to the Falkland
Islands, which later caused a war (1982).
(www.bartleby.com/67/2791.html)
1972 Jul 1, Ms. Magazine published
its first regular issue. Ms. was launched as a "one-shot" sample insert
in New York Magazine in December 1971. The first stand-alone issue
appeared in January 1972.
(www.msmagazine.com/about.asp)
1972 Jul 1, "Hair" closed at
Biltmore Theater in NYC after 1750 performances.
(www.geocities.com/hairpages/hairhistory.html)
1972 Jul 1, The first Rainbow
Gathering began in Colorado’s Roosevelt National Forest. It has been
held annually in the United States from July 1 - 7 every year on
National Forest land.
(SFC, 7/4/97,
p.A3)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow_Gathering)
1973 Jul 1, The rock opera "Jesus
Christ Superstar" closed at the Mark Hellinger Theater on Broadway. It
closed July 1, 1973 after 711 performances.
(www.ronaldbrucemeyer.com/rants/1012b-almanac.htm)
1973 Jul 1, The US Army began its
All-Volunteer Force (AVF). Gen. Walter T. Kerwin Jr. (1917-2008) was
the architect of the program.
(www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2003/07/20030701-11.html)(SSFC,
7/20/08, p.B6)
1973 Jul 1, Maryland declared that
only a marriage between a man and a woman is valid in the state.
(SFC, 9/19/07, p.A3)(http://tinyurl.com/5ygqvd)
1974 Jul 1, Juan D. Peron
(b.1895), president of Argentina (1946-55, 73-74), died. Isabel Peron
succeeded her husband Juan as president.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Per%C3%B3n)
1975 Jul 1, Cesar Chavez and sixty
supporters of the UFW embarked on a thousand-mile march across
California to rally the state’s farm workers.
(SFEM, 4/13/97, p.23)
1975 Jul 1, Shelley Robertson, a
Bundy victim, disappeared in Colorado. Her body was found on August
21,1975, in a mine in Berthoud Pass, Colorado.
(www.crimenews2000.com/memorial/00052902pg8.htm)
1975 Jul 1, Eamon Molloy, a
Belfast IRA member, disappeared after being branded a traitor. His body
was recovered in 1999. His mother-in-law vanished from the Divis Flats
in Belfast in March 1972. Jean McConville (37) was a widowed mother of
10. His brother, Anthony, was shot dead by loyalists in June 1975.
(http://tinyurl.com/3o6v79)(http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/355041.stm)
1975 Jul 1, Thailand and China
signed a formal agreement on diplomatic relations.
(www.thaiembdc.org/politics/foreign/diprelat.htm)
1979 Jul 1, The Susan B. Anthony
dollar was issued. It was the 1st US coin to honor a woman. It was not
widely accepted and production stopped in 1981. The 1st coin was struck
Feb 2 in San Francisco.
(WSJ, 7/12/96, p.B5B)(MC, 7/1/02)(SFC, 1/30/04, p.E6)
1980 Jul 1, "O Canada" was
proclaimed the national anthem of Canada.
(CFA, '96, p.48)(AP, 7/1/97)
1980 Jul 1, Charles Percy Snow
(b.1905), British writer (Friends & Associates), died.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._P._Snow)
1981 Jul 1, Tim Giago, an Oglala
Sioux writer from the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in South Dakota,
launched The Lakota Times, the first independently owned Indian
newspaper in the US.
(SSFC, 12/23/07, p.F1)
1981 Jul 1, The Symphony in F by
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (K.19a), discovered in 1980, debuted in Munich.
(http://tinyurl.com/2lunn3)
1981 Jul 1, The "Wonderland
Murders" took place at 4763 Wonderland in the Hollywood Hills. Ronald
Launius, William Deverell, Barbara Richardson and Joy Miller were
murdered. The killings were said to have occurred in retaliation for a
drug robbery 2 nights earlier. Federal prosecutors unveiled in
indictment in 2000 against Eddie Nash, a former nightclub owner,
Gregory DeWitt Diles, his bodyguard, and porn star John Curtis Holmes.
Holmes (d.1988) was later released. Holmes died in 1988 of an
AIDS-related illness. In 2003 the film "Wonderland" starred Val Kilmer
as Holmes.
(SFEC, 5/21/00, p.B5)(ST, 10/17/03, p.22H)
1982 Jul 1, In NYC Sun Myung Moon
wed 2,075 Unification Church couples at Madison Square Garden.
(http://hoopedia.nba.com/index.php/Madison_Square_Garden)
1982 Jul 1, Cal Ripken (b.1960),
drafted as a pitcher in 1981, began playing his shortstop position for
the Baltimore Orioles. By Sep 20, 1998 he had played a record 2,632
consecutive games.
(http://tinyurl.com/2um6o6)(SFC, 9/21/98, p.A1)
1982 Jul 1, General Reynaldo
Bignone (b.1928) was sworn in as president of Argentina.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reynaldo_Bignone)
1983 Jul 1, Buckminster Fuller
(87), visionary and inventor, died in LA. He dubbed our planet
"Spaceship Earth." He was the creator of the geodesic dome and the
dymaxion motor car. He founded the World Game Institute to help solve
global problems through deployment of military resources.
(SFC, 4/10/96, p.D-3)(SFC, 4/15/96, D-1)(NH, 7/96,
p.10)
1984 Jul 1, Hollywood imposed its
PG-13 rating to cover the middle ground between "PG" for parental
Guidance and "R" for restricted movies.
(SFEC,11/2/97, DB p.55)(http://tinyurl.com/2o8j3o)
1987 Jul 1, President Reagan
nominated federal appeals court judge Robert H. Bork to the Supreme
Court, setting off a tempestuous confirmation process that ended with
Bork's rejection in October by the Senate.
(AP, 7/1/97)(MC, 7/1/02)
1988 Jul 1, A four-day national
conference of Soviet Communist Party members ended in Moscow, with
Mikhail S. Gorbachev winning approval for sweeping changes.
(AP, 7/1/98)
1989 Jul 1, The NY State
Legislature passed the Staten Island secession bill.
(http://tinyurl.com/htf9r)
1989 Jul 1, "Playboy" magazine
founder Hugh Hefner married Kimberley Faye Conrad at his mansion in Los
Angeles. The couple separated in 1998.
(AP, 7/1/99)
1989 Jul 1, The 1987 Montreal
Protocol, an international treaty dealing with ozone-destroying
pollutants, went into effect. The treaty sought to cut in half
production of chemicals posing the greatest risk to ozone.
(HNQ, 8/11/99)(NYT, 10/8/04, p.A16)
1990 Jul 1, East Germans lined up
to obtain West German deutsche marks as a state treaty unifying the
monetary and economic systems of the two Germanys went into effect.
(AP, 7/1/00)
1991 Jul 1, President Bush
nominated federal appeals court judge Clarence Thomas to the US Supreme
Court, beginning a confirmation process marked by allegations of sexual
harassment.
(AP, 7/1/01)
1991 Jul 1, Actor Michael Landon
died in Malibu, California, at age 54.
(AP, 7/1/01)
1992 Jul 1, California issued its
first state IOU's since the Great Depression as a budget standoff left
the state cashless on the first day of its fiscal year.
(AP, 7/1/97)
1993 Jul 1, The space shuttle
Endeavour returned from a 10-day mission.
(AP, 7/1/98)
1993 Jul 1, Gunman Gian Luigi
Ferri opened fire with automatic weapons at the law offices of Petit
& Martin at 101 California St. He killed 8 people, wounded six and
then committed suicide.
(SFC, 1/31/97, p.A20)(SFC, 5/7/97, p.A17)(AP, 7/1/98)
1994 Jul 1, Brazil adopted the
Real Plan, named for a new currency fixed to the US dollar with a
"crawling peg."
(WSJ, 4/26/96, p.A-15)(WSJ, 6/12/97, p.A19)
1994 Jul 1, PLO chairman Yasser
Arafat drove from Egypt into Gaza, returning to Palestinian land after
27 years in exile.
(AP, 7/1/99)
1995 Jul 1, "Kiss of the Spider
Woman" closed at Broadhurst in NYC after 904 performances.
(www.chitarivera.com/productions/kiss_of_the_spider_woman.htm)
1995 Jul 1, Wolfman Jack (57),
rock-and-roll disc jockey, died in Belvidere, North Carolina.
(AP, 7/1/00)
1995 Jul 1, Russian President
Boris Yeltsin’s government survived a critical no-confidence vote.
(AP, 7/1/00)
1996 Jul 1, Placido Domingo became
artistic director of Washington National Opera (f.1956).
(www.dc-opera.org/aboutcompany/placidodomingo.asp)
1996 Jul 1, President Clinton
declared an emergency in drought-stricken parts of the Southwest.
(AP, 7/1/97)
1996 Jul 1, Twelve members of an
Arizona anti-government group, the Viper Militia, were charged with
plotting to blow up government buildings. The group was infiltrated by
Drew Nolan, an agent for the Federal Bureau of Alcohol Tobacco and
Firearms (ATF).
(AP, 7/1/97)(SFEC,11/30/97, p.A11)
1996 Jul 1, Actress Margaux
Hemingway was found dead in her Santa Monica, California, apartment;
she was 41.
(AP, 7/1/01)
1996 Jul 1, The world’s first
voluntary suicide law was scheduled to go into effect in Australia. The
Rights of the Terminally Ill Act originated in Darwin.
(WSJ, 6/27/96, p.A18)
1996 Jul 1, Draugas, the
Lithuanian daily newspaper published in Chicago, issued its first
English version edition and planned a weekly English edition. The first
subscribed edition was planned for Aug 31.
(Dr, 7/96, V1#1, p.3)
1996 Jul 1, In Bulgaria there was
sharp increases in taxes, excise duties and electricity and fuel prices.
(SFC, 7/2/96, p.A10)
1996 Jul 1, In China a new
regulation went into effect that called for films co-produced with
foreigners to apply for approval from the State Council before filming
begins.
(WP, 6/29/96, p.F3)
1996 Jul 1, In Sri Lanka Tamil
Tiger separatists ambushed an army patrol and killed 29 soldiers while
losing at least 35 of their own.
(SFC, 7/2/96, p.A10)
1996 Jul 1, In Uganda rebels
fighting for the return of Idi Amin killed 11 people in a nightclub in
Koboko.
(SFC, 7/2/96, p.A10)
1997 Jul 1, Nevada Athletic
Commission suspended Mike Tyson for biting Holyfield.
(www.lasvegassun.com/sports/boxing/htfight/)
1997 Jul 1, Film star Robert
Mitchum died at 79 (b.1917) in Santa Barbara County, Calif.
(SFC, 7/2/97, p.A1)(AP, 7/1/98)
1997 Jul 1, Hong Kong reverted to
Chinese rule after 156 years as a British colony. Britain relinquished
Hong Kong as a colonial territory, and China became master. Many rights
were guaranteed for 50 years under a Sino-British treaty.
(WSJ, 11/14/94, p.A9)(SFC, 5/30/96, p.A9)(AP, 7/1/98)
1997 Jul 1, Two Israeli soldiers
were injured by a pipe bomb and 15 Palestinians were wounded by rubber
bullets in Hebron in disturbances after an Israeli women, Tatiana
Susskin (25), distributed leaflets with the Prophet Mohammed depicted
as a pig stomping on the Koran.
(SFC, 7/2/97, p.A8)(SFC, 7/5/97, p.A10)
1997 Jul 1, In the UK a new
handgun law took effect as a result of the 1996 massacre at the school
in Dunblane, Scotland.
(SFEC, 6/29/97, p.A13)
1997 Jul 1, In Russia the grave
site of 9,000 victims in the Karelia Forest at Medvezhyegorsk was
opened. In Oct-Nov, 1937, a 3-man panel under Stalin, the "Osobaya
Troika," signed death sentences that were sent to thousands of gulags
across Russia and led to the massacre. A monument was planned.
(SFC, 7/17/97, p.A10)
1997 Jul 1, Thailand let its
currency, the baht, float and it devalued about 20%. This event marked
the beginning of the Asian economic crises. In 1999 Thailand sought to
extradite Rakesh Saxena, a currency trader, from Canada for his role in
an alleged fraud that drained over $2 billion from the Bangkok Bank of
Commerce, which led to the devaluation of the baht. Pin Chakkaphak was
blamed for the collapse of the currency and fled Asia. He was ordered
back from Britain in 2001 to face accounting and theft charges.
(SFC, 7/3/97, p.D4)(WSJ, 7/21/97, p.A1)(SFEC,
5/31/98, p.D1)(WSJ, 5/7/99, p.A1)(SFC, 3/9/01, p.A16)(Econ, 3/25/06,
p.80)
1998 Jul 1, Pres. Clinton in
Guilin and Shanghai, China, said to the Chinese that the environment
must not be sacrificed for economic growth. China was reported to have
the top ten of the world’s most polluted cities. Clinton urged his
Chinese hosts to also open markets and battle corruption.
(SFC, 7/2/98, p.A1,14)(AP, 7/1/99)
1998 Jul 1, Florida fires closed a
125-mile section of I-95.
(SFC, 7/2/98, p.A3)
1998 Jul 1, The European Central
Bank was inaugurated with headquarters in Frankfurt under Pres. Wim
Duisenberg.
(SFC, 5/1/98, p.A18)(SFC, 7/2/98, p.C3)
1998 Jul 1, The UN imposed
sanctions on Unita-held areas in Angola due to the former rebels
refusal to abide by a 1994 peace accord.
(WSJ, 7/2/98, p.A1)
1998 Jul 1, In the Congo Etienne
Tshisekedi, opposition leader, was freed from internal exile and
returned to the capital.
(SFC, 7/2/98, p.C2)
1998 Jul 1, In England the
memorial museum to Princess Diana opened on what would have been her
37th birthday at Althorp House, Great Brington.
(SFC, 7/2/98, p.A18)
1998 Jul 1, In South Korea Pres.
Kim Dae Jung ordered the release of political prisoners. Some 500
prisoners were expected to be released by Aug 15, the 50th anniversary
of the end of Japanese occupation.
(SFC, 7/2/98, p.A16)
1998 Jul 1, In Sicily Mt. Etna
erupted for 30 minutes.
(SFC, 7/4/98, p.A7)
1998 Jul 1, In Northern Ireland
David Trimble, head of the Ulster Unionist Party, became the first
minister of the new Northern Ireland Assembly. Seamus Mallon was
elected deputy first minister.
(SFC, 7/2/98, p.A14)
1998 Jul 1, In Russia the Duma
approved 9 of 20 economic measures called for by Pres. Yeltsin. The
Russian market reached its lowest level in 25 months.
(SFC, 7/2/98, p.C2)
1999 Jul 1, Exactly six months
before the year 2000, Congress passed legislation to shield businesses
from a potential flood of Y-2-K computer-related lawsuits.
(AP, 7/1/00)
1999 Jul 1, Lawrence Summers was
confirmed as Treasury secretary.
(WSJ, 7/2/99, p.A1)
1999 Jul 1, In Maine the 162
year-old Edwards Dam was broken open by government order to allow fish
to move upstream.
(SFC, 7/2/99, p.A3)
1999 Jul 1, In Maryland some
20,000 fish turned up dead in the tributaries of the Magothy and
Patapsco Rivers. Drought conditions and the build up of phosphorus and
nitrogen was suspected.
(SFC, 7/24/99, p.A8)
1999 Jul 1, Movie director Edward
Dmytryk died in Encino, California, at age 90.
(AP, 7/1/00)
1999 Jul 1, African nationalist
Joshua Nkomo died in Harare, Zimbabwe, at age 82.
(AP, 7/1/00)
1999 Jul 1, Forrest Mars Sr.,
creator of the M&Ms candies, died in Miami at age 95.
(SFC, 7/3/99, p.A21)(AP, 7/1/00)
1999 Jul 1, In Congo fighting
intensified as rebels advanced on key diamond areas near Kabinda and
Miba.
(SFC, 7/2/99, p.A18)
1999 Jul 1, Croatia planned to
file charges against Yugoslavia in The Hague for genocide following its
declaration of independence in 1991.
(SFC, 7/2/99, p.A18)
1999 Jul 1, In France a cable car
gondola in the French Alps crashed and killed 21 [20] people in
Grenoble.
(SFC, 7/1/99, p.A15)(AP, 7/1/00)
1999 Jul 1, In Germany Johannes
Rau (68) was sworn in as the 8th postwar president. He succeeded Roman
Herzog as the symbolic head.
(SFC, 7/2/99, p.A18)
1999 Jul 1, Mexico planned to
introduce a $15 per person entry fee for travel into the country beyond
the border.
(SFEC, 3/7/99, p.A21)
1999 Jul 1, Scotland celebrated
the opening of its 129-member Parliament.
(SFC, 7/2/99, p.A13)
1999 Jul 1, In Turkey Kurdish
rebels killed 3 people in a coffeehouse in Elazig. One of the attackers
was killed by security forces.
(SFC, 7/2/99, p.A18)
2000 Jul 1, Vermont’s civil unions
law, which granted gay couples most of the rights, benefits and
responsibilities of marriage, went into effect.
(AP, 7/1/01)
2000 Jul 1, The Confederate flag
was removed from atop South Carolina’s Statehouse.
(AP, 7/1/01)
2000 Jul 1, In Washington DC
thousands of Tibetans and their supporters rallied to urge the World
Bank to scrap a plan to resettle some 60,000 poor farmers, many of them
Chinese, on traditional Tibetan lands.
(SFEC, 7/2/00, p.A16)
2000 Jul 1, Walter Matthau, actor,
died in Santa Monica, Ca., at age 79.
(SFEC, 7/2/00, p.A1)
2000 Jul 1, Australia adopted the
Goods and Services Tax (GST).
(SMH, 7/1/00)
2000 Jul 1, Canada and Russia
began to allow regular commercial air flights over the North Pole.
(WSJ, 6/8/00, p.A19)
2000 Jul 1, The Oeresund Fixed
Link (Oresund Bridge), the centerpiece of a $3.5 billion, 10-mile rail,
motorway, bridge and tunnel project between Copenhagen and southern
Sweden was scheduled for completion. Danish Queen Margrethe II met with
Swedish King Carl Gustaf XVI on the artificial isle of Peberholm, half
way across.
(WSJ, 5/26/00, p.A20)(SFEC, 6/25/00, p.T3)
2000 Jul 1, In Iran a justice
officials said 3 of 13 Jews tried on charges for spying were acquitted
and that 10 were sentenced to fines, lashes and jail terms from 4 to 13
years. An appeals court later annulled 2 of the 3 convictions against
the defendants and reduce their jail terms.
(SFC, 7/1/00, p.A13)(SFEC, 7/2/00, p.A7)(SFC,
9/22/00, p.A17)
2000 Jul 1-9, In Italy the World
Pride int’l. gay pride festival opened in Rome.
(SFEC, 6/4/00, p.C14)(SFEC, 7/2/00, p.A17)
2000 Jul 1, Lucie Blackman (21), a
British citizen working in Tokyo, became the 8th Western woman to
disappear in the last 5 years. In 2001 police found her remains encased
in concrete near the residence of Joji Obara, a wealthy businessman and
prime suspect. Obara was formally accused Apr 6, 2001. Some 4,800 tapes
were found that linked Obara to some 400 rapes over 25 years [see April
24, 2007]. On Dec 16, 2008, Obara was convicted for the abduction and
dismemberment of Blackman, but acquitted of her murder. The court also
upheld an earlier conviction for the rapes of 9 other women.
(SFC, 10/17/00, p.A13)(SFC, 2/10/01, p.A11)(SSFC,
2/11/01, p.C2)(SFC, 4/7/01, p.A11)(SFC, 4/9/01, p.A7)(AP, 12/16/08)
2001 Jul 1, US Vice President Dick
Cheney rested at home, a day after having a new pacemaker implanted in
his chest.
(AP, 7/1/06)
2001 Jul 1, In the US lower tax
rates went into effect for some middle and upper-income taxpayers.
(SSFC, 7/1/01, p.A10)
2001 Jul 1, In Michigan a state
law went into effect that allowed virtually any gun owner to carry a
concealed weapon in public.
(SFC, 9/12/01, p.C6)
2001 Jul 1, The National
Organization for Women announced in Philadelphia that delegates had
chosen Kim A. Gandy to be its new president, succeeding Patricia
Ireland.
(AP, 7/1/02)
2001 Jul 1, US air strikes at
Kakrak, Afghanistan, killed 54 civilians.
(SSFC, 7/21/02, p.A14)
2001 Jul 1, In China Pres. Jiang
Zemin announced that the Communist Party will allow private businessmen
to become members.
(SFC, 7/2/01, p.A8)
2001 Jul 1, In China parts of the
US spy plane were flown out from Hainan Island.
(WSJ, 7/3/01, p.A1)
2001 Jul 1, In Colombia the body
of Alma Jaramillo, an advisor to a peace group, was found in Morales.
She had been abducted Jun 29. Rightwing paramilitary militia were
blamed.
(SFC, 7/5/01, p.A10)
2001 Jul 1, Israel hit a Syrian
radar site in Lebanon. In the West Bank Israeli helicopters rocketed a
car with 3 Islamic Jihad members. Israeli infantry killed 2 Hamas
members.
(WSJ, 7/2/01, p.A1)(SFC, 7/2/01, p.A8)
2001 Jul 1, In Pakistan a bomb
exploded in a crowded movie theater in Karachi and at least one person
was killed.
(SFC, 7/2/01, p.B1)
2002 Jul 1, It was reported that
the Bush administration had designated 33 toxic waste sites for funding
cuts.
(SFC, 7/1/02, p.A5)
2002 Jul 1, A US district judge in
NY ruled that the federal death penalty is unconstitutional because it
creates undue risk of executing innocent defendants.
(SFC, 7/2/02, p.A3)
2002 Jul 1, A US federal
magistrate recommended a $73 million penalty against Zimbabwe's ruling
party for allegedly torturing and killing political opponents.
(AP, 7/1/02)
2002 Jul 1, Tennesseans found
their government in a partial shutdown after lawmakers failed to pass a
balanced budget over the weekend in a stalemate over how to cover an
$800 million deficit.
(AP, 7/1/02)
2002 Jul 1, Northrup Grumman
agreed to pay $7.8 billion in stock for TRW Corp. [see Feb 22]
(SFC, 7/2/02, p.B1)
2002 Jul 1, In Afghanistan US Air
Force gunship killed 44-48 members of a wedding party in Kakarak,
Uruzgan province, during a major operation to track down Taliban leader
Mullah Mohammad Omar.
(Reuters, 7/2/02)(SFC, 7/2/02, p.A1)(SFC, 7/4/02,
p.A9)(AP, 7/1/03)
2002 Jul 1, A Canadian climber who
had scaled Alaska's Mount McKinley alone died after he fell about 1,000
feet (300 meters) while descending from the peak's upper reaches.
(Reuters, 7/1/02)
2002 Jul 1, Chile's Supreme Court
ruled that former dictator General Augusto Pinochet was suffering from
dementia and dropped all charges against him for human rights
violations during his regime.
(AP, 7/1/03)
2002 Jul 1, In the Hague the
world's first permanent war crimes tribunal officially came into
existence. It was vehemently opposed by the United States.
(AP, 7/1/02)
2002 Jul 1, In southwestern
Hungary a bus carrying Polish pilgrims to a shrine in Bosnia struck a
stone barrier and overturned in a ditch killing 19.
(AP, 7/1/02)
2002 Jul 1, Indonesian police
fired water cannon at about 500 demonstrators who knocked down the
gates of parliament to protest against a decision by MPs to reject an
inquiry into a graft scandal.
(Reuters, 7/1/02)
2002 Jul 1, Jordan reported that
11 people, including a Palestinian-Jordanian who fled the American
bombing on Osama bin Laden's stronghold in Afghanistan, have been
detained in connection with an alleged plot to attack American targets.
(AP, 7/1/02)
2002 Jul 1, In Mozambique health
officials reported that at least 62 people have died of cholera in the
northern province of Cabo Delgado since the latest outbreak of the
disease in February.
(AP, 7/1/02)
2002 Jul 1, In Peru Vladimiro
Montesinos, once one of the country's most feared men, was convicted of
usurping office, the first of more than 70 criminal charges ranging
from arms smuggling to homicide that the ex-spymaster faces.
(AP, 7/1/02)
2002 Jul 1, Philippine government
forces using bomber planes and helicopters attacked suspected Muslim
rebel positions in the southern Philippines, inflicting an undetermined
number of casualties.
(Reuters, 7/1/02)
2002 Jul 1, Bashkirian flight 2937
with 45 Russian children headed for a beach vacation in Spain were
among 71 people killed when their chartered Tupolev airliner slammed
into a Boeing 757 DHL cargo plane over southern Germany. The flights
were under Swiss air control. An onboard device told the pilot to climb
but he followed a controller’s order to dive instead. In 2007 four
employees of a Swiss air traffic control company were convicted of
negligent homicide for the crash of flight 2937.
(AP, 7/2/02)(SFC, 7/2/02, p.A1)(WSJ, 7/2/02,
p.A1)(SFC, 7/3/02, p.A6)(WSJ, 7/9/02, p.A1)(AP, 9/4/07)
2003 Jul 1, The US planned to
suspend $48 million in aid to some 35 countries for failing to meet
this day's deadline for exempting Americans from prosecution before the
new UN int'l. war crimes tribunal.
(SFC, 7/2/03, p.A9)
2003 Jul 1, Bishop Sean O'Malley
was named by Pope John Paul II the new archbishop of Boston, succeeding
Cardinal Bernard Law, who'd resigned in the wake of a clerical sex
abuse scandal.
(AP, 7/1/04)
2003 Jul 1, In Missouri an
employee shot and killed three co-workers and wounded four others at
the Modine Manufacturing plant on the outskirts of Jefferson City, then
drove into town and killed himself in a confrontation with police.
(AP, 7/2/03)
2003 Jul 1, Herbie Mann (73), jazz
flutist, died in Pecos, NM. He was born Apr 16, 1930, as Herbert Jay
Solomon in Brooklyn, NY.
(SFC, 7/3/03, p.A2)
2003 Jul 1, In Iraq US troops
killed 4 people who failed to stop at checkpoints.
(WSJ, 7/2/03, p.A1)(SFC, 7/2/03, p.A14)
2003 Jul 1, At a summit, Israeli
Prime Minister Ariel Sharon and Palestinian PM Mahmoud Abbas
rededicated themselves to peace efforts and spoke of a shared future
for their peoples.
(AP, 7/1/04)
2003 Jul 1, In Hong Kong the
"Article 23" measures targeting crimes against the state drew hundreds
of thousands of people into the streets in a protest that overshadowed
the 6th anniversary of the handover of the territory from Britain to
China.
(AP, 7/1/03)(WSJ, 7/2/03, p.A8)
2003 Jul 1, Roman Abramovich,
Russian billionaire and governor of Chukotka, bought England’s Chelsea
football club in a deal worth £140m ($233m).
(WSJ, 1/10/07,
p.A14)(http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/3036838.stm)
2004 Jul 1, The US Coast Guard
began boarding foreign vessels as int’l. security rules went into
effect.
(SFC, 7/3/04, p.A3)
2004 Jul 1, AB 1627 declared that
beginning on this day each California hospital will be required to make
one written or electronic copy of its charge description master
(chargemaster) available at the hospital’s location or on its Internet
Web site.
(www.oshpd.cahwnet.gov/hid/hospital/chrgmster/index.htm)(WSJ, 12/28/04,
p.A1)
2004 Jul 1, The Cassini spacecraft
sent back photographs of Saturn's shimmering rings.
(AP, 7/1/05)
2004 Jul 1, Marlon Brando (80),
film actor, died in LA. His many films included “On the Waterfront”
(1954), and “The Godfather” (1972). In 2008 Stefan Kanfer authored
“Somebody: The Reckless Life and Remarkable Career of Marlon Brando.”
(http://tinyurl.com/2vfnpa)(SSFC, 12/7/08, Books p.7)
2004 Jul 1, Historic Afghan
elections scheduled for September were delayed because of wrangling
among officials and political parties.
(AP, 7/1/04)
2004 Jul 1, Statistics Canada
counted 31,946,316 Canadians.
(AP, 9/29/04)
2004 Jul 1, Horst Koehler, former
IMF, head was sworn in as Germany's 9th post-war president.
(AP, 7/1/04)
2004 Jul 1, Hundreds of thousands
of people marched in Hong Kong to demand democratic rights from China.
(AP, 7/1/05)
2004 Jul 1, India’s Fiscal
Responsibility and Budget Management Act took effect. It required the
government to cut the fiscal deficit by 0.3% of GDP annually until 2009.
(WSJ, 1/12/05, p.A9)
2004 Jul 1, A defiant Saddam
Hussein rejected charges of war crimes and genocide in a court
appearance, telling a judge "this is all theater, the real criminal is
Bush."
(AP, 7/1/04)
2004 Jul 1, In Iraq US jets
pounded a suspected safehouse of terrorist Abu Musab al-Zarqawi in
Fallujah.
(AP, 7/1/04)
2004 Jul 1, In Ayacucho, Peru,
hundreds of striking teachers burned buildings and looted bank teller
machines during clashes with riot police that injured 34 people and led
to 15 arrests.
(AP, 7/2/04)
2004 Jul 1, Interfax news reported
that the Russian Tax Service is demanding another $3.3 billion from the
Yukos oil company in back taxes for 2001.
(AP, 7/1/04)
2004 Jul 1, Saudi security forces
traded gunfire with militants in a Riyadh, killing one militant and
wounding one. A police officer was killed and two were hurt.
(AP, 7/2/04)
2004 Jul 1, The United Nation's
World Food Program (WFP) began airlifting enriched food from the
Ethiopian capital to Sudan's western Darfur region, where it estimates
1.2 million people will need food aid every month until October. UN
Sec. Gen’l. Kofi Annan visited the area.
(AFP, 7/2/04)(WSJ, 7/2/04, p.A1)
2005 Jul 1, Sandra Day O'Connor,
the first woman on the US Supreme Court and a swing vote on abortion as
well as other contentious issues, announced her retirement.
(AP, 7/1/05)
2005 Jul 1-2005 Jul 2, Federal and
local authorities arrested 27 suspects in the Bay Area in a sex
trafficking operation. Another 18 people were arrested in southern
California during nighttime raids for allegedly conspiring to smuggle
South Korean women into the US to work as prostitutes at massage
parlors and other businesses.
(AP, 7/2/05)(SFC, 7/2/05, p.A1)
2005 Jul 1, In St. Paul some state
offices closed and about 9,000 state employees were jobless after parts
of Minnesota's government shut down for the first time in state
history, leaving most rest stops closed for the Independence Day
weekend. Lawmakers failed to pass even a stopgap plan to keep the
government up and running while negotiators keep working.
(AP, 7/1/05)
2005 Jul 1, In North Dakota a
14-mile, $28 million drainage channel, from Devil’s Lake to the
Sheyenne River, was scheduled to open, but it was held up by heavy
rains. Canada protested that polluted water would end up in Lake
Winnipeg.
(Econ, 7/16/05, p.34)
2005 Jul 1, The Mustang Ranch
bordello reopened east of Reno with the generic name World Famous
Brothel six years after the government shut it down and auctioned off
its buildings and contents.
(AP, 7/1/05)
2005 Jul 1, Song, a low-fare unit
of Delta Airlines, began service from SFO to JFK in NY.
(SFC, 7/2/05, p.C1)
2005 Jul 1, IBM and Microsoft
settled antitrust claims with IMB getting $775 million in cash and $75
million worth of software from Microsoft.
(SFC, 7/2/05, p.C1)
2005 Jul 1, In Detroit Renaldo
"Obie" Benson (69), a member of the legendary Motown singing group the
Four Tops, died.
(AP, 7/2/05)
2005 Jul 1, Luther Vandross (54),
Grammy award winning singer, died in New Jersey.
(AP, 7/2/05)
2005 Jul 1, In eastern
Afghanistan a US airstrike in Kunar province resulted in casualties;
Afghan officials said 48 people were killed, including 25 members of an
extended family attending a wedding celebration; US officials later
confirmed 34 dead. Hundreds of Afghan troops raided a Taliban hide-out
in the mountains of central Afghanistan and 18 rebels and two soldiers
were killed in fierce fighting.
(SFC, 7/7/05, p.A14)(AP, 7/2/05)(AP, 7/1/06)
2005 Jul 1, Canadians celebrated
Canada Day, the 60th anniversary of V-E Day and Canada's role in
liberating the Netherlands, as well as the 100th anniversary of Alberta
and Saskatchewan joining Confederation were all marked with music and
tributes.
(AP, 7/2/05)
2005 Jul 1, China and Russia
issued a declaration demanding respect for the right of all countries
to develop free of outside interference.
(SFC, 7/2/05, p.A14)
2005 Jul 1, In Dagestan, Russia, a
bomb in Makhachkala killed 10 Russian troops.
(WSJ, 7/29/05, p.A11)
2005 Jul 1, Egypt and Israel
signed a commercial agreement committing Egypt to export natural gas to
Israel.
(Econ, 3/28/09,
p.56)(www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Peace/egisgas.html)
2005 Jul 1, An EU directive took
effect banning lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, and 2 types
of brominated flame retardants. Some exceptions were allowed.
(SSFC, 2/27/05, p.E1)
2005 Jul 1, Finland's crippling
paper industry dispute ended but there were lingering fears that the
seven-week shutdown could have wider repercussions beyond the loss of
an estimated 1.5 billion euros ($1.8 billion) in export earnings.
(AP, 7/1/05)
2005 Jul 1, Germany's parliament
voted no confidence in Gerhard Schroeder's government at the
chancellor's own request, setting the stage for new elections amid
economic sluggishness and growing discontent with proposed economic
reforms.
(AP, 7/1/05)
2005 Jul 1, Police in Iceland
charged Jon Asgeir Johannesson, multimillionaire and CEO of Baugur,
with fraud. Baugur was taken private in 2003. In October the Supreme
Court dismissed 32 of 40 charges. A district court acquitted him of the
remaining 8 charges in March, 2006.
(Econ, 7/25/05, p.54)(Econ, 7/1/06, p.A9)(WSJ,
7/11/06, p.A9)
2005 Jul 1, In Iraq gunmen killed
Shiite cleric Kamal Ezz al-Deen al-Ghuraifi, an aide to Iraq's most
influential Shiite cleric, and 2 bodyguards in a drive-by shooting
outside a Baghdad mosque. A suicide bomber detonated his car outside
the party offices of PM Ibrahim al-Jaafari, killing one guard.
(AP, 7/1/05)
2005 Jul 1, The Defense Ministry
gave clearance for the last Italians serving under the military draft
to be discharged, marking the end of a 200-year-old practice.
(AP, 7/1/05)
2005 Jul 1, Italian police
arrested two people accused of creating a "parallel" anti-terrorism
police force that used government money and confidential police
information.
(AP, 7/1/05)
2005 Jul 1, In Northern Ireland a
Protestant construction worker sitting in a truck was shot to death in
an attack in Belfast that police blamed on Protestant extremists.
(AP, 7/2/05)
2005 Jul 1, Russia's defense
minister said that most university military departments will be closed
by 2009, a decision that blocks a widely-used chance to avoid
compulsory military service.
(AP, 7/1/05)
2005 Jul 1, An explosion believed
to have been caused by a remote-controlled bomb ripped through a
Russian military truck at a bath house in Makhachkala, the capital of
Dagestan, killing at least 10 troops.
(AP, 7/1/05)
2005 Jul 1, On the island of
Tobago Kitty Nichole Pepe (14) of Keene, N.Y., was stabbed to death in
the village of Charlottville. On July 4 police arrested a 22-year-old
man in connection with her death. Pepe was the 5th homicide victim on
the island of 55,000 people this year.
(AP, 7/3/05)(AP, 7/5/05)
2005 Jul 1, In Ankara, Turkey, a
suicide bomber who tried to enter the Justice Ministry was shot to
death by police as he fled when metal detectors went off. Police
identified the dead man as Eyup Beyaz, a member of the Revolutionary
People's Liberation Party-Front, or DHKP-C, an outlawed group that aims
to topple the government and replace it with a Marxist one.
(AP, 7/1/05)
2006 Jul 1, New Jersey failed to
approve a budget and Gov. Jon S. Corzine began closing the state
government amid a bitter dispute with fellow Democrats in the Assembly
over his plan to increase the sales tax, threatening to shutter
beaches, parks and possibly casinos in the coming days.
(AP, 7/1/06)(WSJ, 7/3/06, p.A1)(Econ, 7/8/06, p.27)
2006 Jul 1, An estimated 5,000
bikers rode into Hollister, Ca., for the annual 4th of July motorcycle
rally, even though it was officially cancelled last year by the City
Council.
(SSFC, 7/2/06, p.B1)
2006 Jul 1, Thunderstorms forced
NASA to call off the launch of Discovery, delaying the first space
shuttle flight in a year. Discovery was launched three days later, on
July 4.
(AP, 7/1/07)
2006 Jul 1, Phillip Rieff (83),
sociologist and a severe critic of contemporary academic culture, died.
He was best known for his 1966 book “The Triumph of the Therapeutic:
Uses of Faith After Freud.” His final work: “Charisma: The Gift of
Grace, and How It Has Been Taken Away from Us,” was published in 2007.
(WSJ, 2/17/07, p.P12)(http://tinyurl.com/lphph)
2006 Jul 1, In southern
Afghanistan 2 rockets fired by insurgents slammed into the main
coalition military base. The wounded included five American and two
Canadian soldiers, as well as three foreign contract workers. 2 British
soldiers and an Afghan interpreter were killed when their base in
Sangin district in Helmand province came under attack. Afghan forces
killed 11 militants in a separate attack in the same area. A total of
five British troops have been killed since the start of Operation
Mountain Thrust.
(AP, 7/1/06)(AP, 7/2/06)
2006 Jul 1, China’s new $4.2
billion, 710-mile-long railway from Golmud to Lhasa, Tibet, began
operations. Canada’s Bombardier manufactured high-tech cars for the Sky
Train with regulated oxygen levels to cope with 16,500-foot passes.
(SFC, 6/30/06, p.A18)(Reuters, 7/1/06)
2006 Jul 1, It was reported that
Chinese consumers had begun ganging up on retailers by arriving en
masse at pre-arranged times, arranged online, to push for bargain
prices.
(Econ, 7/1/06, p.59)
2006 Jul 1, China reported a new
outbreak of bird flu near Zhongwei in the Ningxia region.
(WSJ, 7/3/06, p.A6)
2006 Jul 1, Sources said East
Timor's outgoing foreign minister Jose Ramos-Horta will head the
government until a new premier is appointed in coming days.
(AFP, 7/1/06)
2006 Jul 1, About 100 Ethiopian
troops entered the Somali border town of Beled-Hawo in eight military
vehicles, the latest sign that Ethiopia might try to bolster this
country's weak interim government as an Islamic militia gains
increasing power.
(AP, 7/1/06)
2006 Jul 1, Finland began its
6-month rotating presidency of the EU.
(www.government.fi/eu/suomi-ja-eu/2006/en.jsp)
2006 Jul 1, Thousands of people
marched through Paris to protest plans to tighten restrictions on
immigration and step up deportations of immigrant families with
children who are in the country illegally.
(AP, 7/2/06)
2006 Jul 1, The 3-week Tour de
France began. 4 favorites, including Ivan Basso and Jan Ullrich, were
barred with 5 others from the cycling competition after their names
popped up in a Spanish probe of a network that allegedly supplied
riders and other athletes with banned drugs and doping know-how.
(AP, 6/30/06)(SFC, 7/1/06, p.D1)
2006 Jul 1, In Gambia a summit of
more than 50 African leaders opened with the aim of pursuing regional
integration, but conflicts in Darfur and Somalia are inevitably topping
the agenda. Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez called on Africa to forge
closer ties with Latin America to combat what he called a threat of
U.S. hegemony.
(AFP, 7/1/06)(Reuters, 7/1/06)
2006 Jul 1, Thousands chanted
slogans and marched through Hong Kong's streets in a pro-democracy
protest, while a pro-Beijing parade also drew a big crowd to mark the
ninth anniversary of the former British colony's return to Chinese rule.
(AP, 7/1/06)
2006 Jul 1, India's PM Manmohan
Singh announced an 835-million-dollar relief package to aid farmers in
the country's main cotton belt where crippling debts and falling prices
have led to thousands of suicides. A court convicted three men of
involvement in a 2002 terrorist attack on a Hindu shrine in western
India that killed 33 people, and it sentenced them to death.
(AP, 7/1/06)(AFP, 7/1/06)
2006 Jul 1, Ryutaro Hashimoto
(68), former Japanese PM (1996-1998), died. He had stood up to the US
in trade negotiations and helped diffuse tensions over US military
bases in Japan.
(AP, 7/1/06)
2006 Jul 1, A parked car bomb
exploded at a popular outdoor market in a Shiite slum in Baghdad,
killing at least 66 people and wounding dozens. It was the bloodiest
attack to hit Iraq since the death of terror leader Abu Musab
al-Zarqawi. Gunmen in Baghdad kidnapped a Sunni female legislator along
with seven of her bodyguards. Iraqi and US authorities freed 495
prisoners from US facilities, completing a mass release announced by
the prime minister last month as part of his national reconciliation
efforts.
(AP, 7/1/06)
2006 Jul 1, Palestinian militants
holding an Israeli soldier issued a new set of demands, calling for the
release of 1,000 prisoners and a halt to Israel's military offensive in
Gaza. But Israel rejected them.
(AP, 7/1/06)
2006 Jul 1, A new law, combined
with a series of bureaucratic bungles, forced some 30% of Russian
liquor stores to close indefinitely because they will have nothing to
sell. The law, which aimed to block counterfeit wine sales, requires
distributors to place new, government-issued excise labels on all wine
and liquor. But a series of delays and misunderstandings has meant few
properly labeled imports will be ready in time.
(AP, 7/1/06)
2006 Jul 1, In Geneva developing
countries emerged from a failed World Trade Organization meeting more
united than ever and warned rich countries not to undermine the
development thrust of the Doha Round of global trade talks.
(AFP, 7/1/06)
2007 Jul 1, Former Gov. Mitt
Romney’s compulsory health plan for Massachusetts went into force.
(Econ, 7/7/07, p.30)
2007 Jul 1, Russian President
Vladimir Putin arrived in Kennebunkport, Maine, for an overnight visit
at the Bush family estate and talks with President Bush.
(AP, 7/2/07)
2007 Jul 1, In California the
price for milk, set by the state Dept. of Food and Agriculture, rose to
$1.98 per gallon, up from $1.06 a year ago.
(SFC, 6/30/07, p.A1)
2007 Jul 1, In NYC a ban on
restaurant cooking with trans fats went into effect.
(SFC, 7/2/07, p.A4)
2007 Jul 1, Virginia became home
of the $3,000 traffic ticket. In an effort to raise money for road
projects, the state started to hit residents who commit serious traffic
offenses with huge civil penalties. Beginning today Virginia added new
civil charges to traffic fines. They range from $750 to $3,000 and will
be added to existing fines and court costs.
(USAT, 7/1/07)
2007 Jul 1, In northeastern Utah a
wildfire burned 46 square miles and killed 3 people working in a
hayfield.
(SFC, 7/2/07, p.A7)
2007 Jul 1, In Oregon the bodies
of David Cheryl Gibbs of the SF Bay Area and priest David Schwartz of
Garden Grove, Ca., last seen on June 8, were found in the wreckage of
their car 60 miles west of Portland. A motorist reported the accident
to 911 on June 8, but emergency crews failed to find the wreck.
(SFC, 7/2/07, p.A1)(SFC, 7/3/07, p.B5)
2007 Jul 1, In Afghanistan a
suicide attacker on foot blew himself up near a convoy of British
forces in Gereshk district. One NATO soldier was killed and several
soldiers and civilians wounded in the attack. A suicide car bomber
killed one Afghan soldier and wounded eight others in the central
province of Wardak.
(AP, 7/1/07)
2007 Jul 1, Argentina’s official
government news agency said President Nestor Kirchner has tapped his
wife to take his place as the ruling coalition candidate in October
presidential elections.
(AP, 7/1/07)
2007 Jul 1, Australian media
reported that PM John Howard is secretly planning to begin withdrawing
Australian troops from Iraq by February 2008. Howard denied the report,
saying the idea was "absurd."
(AFP, 7/1/07)
2007 Jul 1, Miroslav Lajcak,
Slovak diplomat, took over as the EU's High Representative in Bosnia
replacing Dr. Christian Schwarz-Schilling.
(Econ, 6/30/07, p.60)
2007 Jul 1, British police
arrested two people, a 26-year-old man and a 27-year-old woman, on a
major highway in Cheshire, northern England, in a joint swoop by
officers from London and Birmingham, Scotland Yard said in London in
relation to the attack in Glasgow and 2 car bombs in London. A fifth
suspect was arrested in Liverpool. 2 more arrests in the failed car
bombings brought the total to 7.
(AP, 7/1/07)(AP, 7/2/07)
2007 Jul 1, England slammed the
door on smoking in bars, workplaces and public buildings in what
campaigners hail as the biggest boost to public health since the
creation of the National Health Service in 1948.
(AP, 7/1/07)
2007 Jul 1, A 3-day African Union
summit focused on forging a closer federation among the 53 member
states began in the Ghanaian capital Accra.
(AFP, 7/1/07)
2007 Jul 1, A suicide bomber
detonated an explosives-packed truck at a checkpoint at the entrance of
the city of Fallujah, west of Baghdad, killing five policemen. In
eastern Baghdad, a roadside bomb exploded near policemen, killing two.
Gunmen in a vehicle opened fire on a minibus carrying Shiite day
laborers in the mixed district of Saydiyah, killing one passenger and
wounding four. The bullet-riddled body of a senior police commander was
discovered in Basra. Col. Nasser Hamoud, who was in charge of the
city's prisons, had been kidnapped along with three of his guards the
day before. Five US service members were killed in fighting, including
two soldiers who died in attacks in Baghdad and two soldiers and a
Marine who died in fighting in western Anbar province.
(AP, 7/1/07)(AP, 7/2/07)
2007 Jul 1, Israel transferred
millions of dollars worth of tax funds to the new Palestinian
government, allowing it to pay its workers in full for the first time
in a year, while skipping the ones who work for the Islamic Hamas in
Gaza.
(AP, 7/2/07)
2007 Jul 1, Kenya police said 12
suspected criminals and members of a murderous sect were killed over
the last 24 hours, as a fierce crackdown on surging crime intensified.
(AFP, 7/1/07)
2007 Jul 1, In Namibia a seal hunt
started with a planned run of five months saying it wants to save its
fishing industry. The start followed a government announcement that it
would allow the killing of 6,000 adult males and 80,000 pups, up by
20,000 in 2006.
(AP, 7/6/07)
2007 Jul 1, In Peru a passenger
bus crashed into an oncoming truck killing 24 people.
(SFC, 7/2/07, p.A4)
2007 Jul 1, Portugal took over the
rotating EU presidency.
(Econ, 7/7/07, p.14)
2007 Jul 1, The state-run Sunday
Mail said a senator from Zimbabwe's ruling party and 20 business people
have been arrested for flouting a government-imposed ceiling on basic
commodity prices.
(AFP, 7/1/07)
2008 Jul 1, An Alabama jury found
Glaxo and Novartis guilty of drug-price fraud and ordered them to pay
$114 million.
(WSJ, 7/2/08, p.A1)
2008 Jul 1, Nicholas T. Sheley
(28) was arrested in Granite City, Ill., following a manhunt that
extended into Missouri. The ex-convict was suspected in eight recent
grisly slayings. He was suspected of killing, among others, a
93-year-old man, a toddler and a couple whose blood-soaked dogs were
found roaming a motel parking lot.
(AP, 7/2/08)(SFC, 7/11/08, p.A4)
2008 Jul 1, Starbucks, the
Seattle-based coffee retailer, said it would close another 500 stores
in America and reduce its work force by about 7%. The closure of 100
stores had been announced earlier this year. 70% of the stores to close
were opened after 2005.
(Econ, 7/5/08, p.74)
2008 Jul 1, In California the
11-day old Basin Complex Fire in the Los Padres National Forest
threatened the Esalen Institute in Big Sur.
(AP, 7/2/08)
2008 Jul 1, Robert E. Boni
(b.1928), writer and former chief executive of Armco (1985-1989), died.
In 1993 a partnership between Armco and Kawasaki led to the formation
of AK Steel Holding Corp.
(WSJ, 7/19/08, p.A5)
2008 Jul 1, Clay Felker (b.1925),
founder of the New York magazine (1968) and New West magazine (1976),
died in his New York home. From 1994 he taught at UC Berkeley for over
a decade.
(SFC, 7/2/08, p.A2)
2008 Jul 1, In Afghanistan 4
police officers died when their vehicle struck a roadside bomb as they
went to reinforce a checkpost that had come under attack in southern
Uruzgan province. The US-led force said it helped Afghan security
forces kill "several" insurgents in the province and a young girl was
also killed in the fighting. Five Taliban militants died in a clash in
southern Zabul province. Another rebel was killed in southwestern
Nimroz province. Official figures showed June was the deadliest month
for foreign troops in Afghanistan since the 2001 fall of the Taliban
and the second in a row in which casualties exceeded those in Iraq.
(AFP, 7/1/08)
2008 Jul 1, The African Union,
meeting in Egypt, announced that it was extending the mandate of its
force in Somalia for another six months but urged the UN to take over
the peacekeeping mission. The African leaders also called for dialogue
between Zimbabwe's political foes and a national unity government
following President Robert Mugabe's widely discredited reelection.
(AFP, 7/1/08)(AP, 7/2/08)
2008 Jul 1, Josef Branis (66)
fatally shot four relatives in two houses in the Vienna suburb of
Strasshof after being evicted from his sister's Vienna apartment. He
was arrested in August after being on the run for weeks.
(AP, 1/27/09)(www.msnbc.msn.com/id/25495397/)
2008 Jul 1, In China a man armed
with a knife stormed a police station in Shanghai, stabbing officers
inside and killing 6 officers. On September 1 Yang Jia (28) was
sentenced to death for the knife attack. In northwest China 18 miners
were killed in a mine-shaft collapse at the state-owned Huisen
Liangshuijing Coal Mine in Shaanxi province. Yang Jia was executed on
Nov 26.
(AP, 7/1/08)(AP, 7/2/08)(AP, 9/1/08)(AP, 11/26/08)
2008 Jul 1, Gao Wenyuan, the
regional Grassland Work Office's director, told Xinhua News that
Inner Mongolia in north China is mobilizing 33,000 people, including
1,100 technical staff, to wipeout a plague of locusts in the past two
weeks.
(http://english.gov.cn/2008-07/01/content_1032452.htm)
2008 Jul 1, France took over the
rotating presidency of the European Union with high-level meetings and
a ceremony at the Arc de Triomphe.
(AP, 7/1/08)
2008 Jul 1, French officials said
the asbestos-contaminated aircraft carrier Clemenceau, which was towed
half-way across the globe in a failed bid to have it dismantled, will
be broken up by Able UK in Britain. The ship was decommissioned in 1997.
(AFP, 7/1/08)
2008 Jul 1, Munich-based Giesecke
& Devrient, caved in to pressure from the German government to stop
supplying Zimbabwe with special blank paper money. Zimbabwe required
new notes every few weeks as the inflation rate pushed well over one
million percent.
(WSJ, 7/2/08, p.A1)
2008 Jul 1, Iranian state radio
said that at least 25 people were killed and 16 injured in a bus
accident near Tehran.
(AP, 7/1/08)
2008 Jul 1, In Iraq militants
killed seven people in a series of attacks in Iraq's eastern Diyala
province, and a local official said government crackdowns against Sunni
extremists elsewhere in the country were driving them back to the area.
Staffan de Mistura, the UN envoy to Iraq, said it was unlikely that the
country would be able to hold provincial elections by the beginning of
October as planned because lawmakers had failed to approve a new
election law.
(AP, 7/1/08)
2008 Jul 1, Israel closed its
cargo crossings with the Gaza Strip after accusing Palestinian
militants of firing a rocket at southern Israel in violation of a shaky
truce. The Israeli military said its radar detected a rocket launched
from Gaza the previous evening that struck near the communal farm of
Mefalsim.
(AP, 7/1/08)
2008 Jul 1, In Kingston, Jamaica,
39 young American missionaries, from the Georgia-based Adventures in
Missions, were robbed by two gunmen who broke into a Salvation Army
school for the blind where they were volunteering.
(AP, 7/2/08)
2008 Jul 1, In Muslim majority
Indian-held Kashmir authorities reversed a controversial plan to
transfer land to a Hindu shrine as Muslim and Hindu protesters held
massive rallies across the region assailing the state government for
its handling of the politically sensitive issue.
(AP, 7/1/08)
2008 Jul 1, Malaysian opposition
leader Anwar Ibrahim vowed to seize power from a "corrupt" government
at a rally of some 15,000 supporters as he fights back against new
sodomy accusations.
(AFP, 7/2/08)
2008 Jul 1, In Mexico videos
showing Leon police practicing torture techniques on a fellow officer
and dragging another through vomit at the instruction of a US adviser
created an uproar, which has struggled to eliminate torture in law
enforcement.
(AP, 7/2/08)
2008 Jul 1, In Mongolia thousands
of people staged a violent protest in the capital as they voiced
outrage over what they claimed were rigged elections, forcing police to
fire gunshots.
(AP, 7/1/08)
2008 Jul 1, In Myanmar a ferry
named "Myo Pa Pa Tun" sank in the Yway river in the cyclone-battered
Irrawaddy delta, killing 38 people. 44 others were rescued.
(AP, 7/4/08)
2008 Jul 1, A smoking ban went
into effect in cafes, restaurants and bars across the Netherlands, as
the country joins a growing list of European countries to tighten rules
on tobacco use in public places. Smoking marijuana in the Netherlands'
infamous "coffee shops" is still permitted under the new law, as long
the drug is not mixed with tobacco.
(AFP, 7/1/08)
2008 Jul 1, The Nigerian Senate
passed a resolution barring the anti-graft agency EFCC and other
security agents from arresting witnesses who appear before parliament.
The lawmakers passed the resolution following the arrests of an
Austrian contractor and two former ministers on the floor of the Senate
shortly after testifying before a parliamentary hearing on the aviation
sector.
(AFP, 7/2/08)
2008 Jul 1, Pakistani forces
destroyed a major militant compound in the Khyber tribal region. The
site served as key headquarters for the banned Lashkar-e-Islam.
(SFC, 7/2/08, p.A3)
2008 Jul 1, Panama's Supreme Court
overturned a presidential pardon of four Cuban emigres accused of
plotting to kill Fidel Castro, including former CIA operative Luis
Posada Carriles. The court ruled that 180 pardons granted in 2004 by
outgoing President Mireya Moscoso, including those the four Cubans,
were unconstitutional.
(AP, 7/2/08)
2008 Jul 1, Officials said Maoist
rebels in the southern Philippines killed two soldiers in a public
market and torched a cellular phone tower as the latest flare-up in the
40-year-old insurgency showed no sign of abating.
(AP, 7/1/08)
2008 Jul 1, In Sri Lanka fighting
erupted in the Vavuniya and Welioya regions bordering the rebels' de
facto state in the north. The fighting in Vavuniya killed 16 rebels and
one soldier, while in the nearby Welioya region, 11 rebels and one
soldier died.
(AP, 7/2/08)
2008 Jul 1, Thailand’s deputy
prime minister said the Thai government has suspended its decision to
support Cambodia's bid to have an 11th century temple near the Thai
border declared a world landmark. In 1962, the International Court of
Justice awarded the Preah Vihear temple and the land it occupies to
Cambodia.
(AP, 7/1/08)
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