Today in History - July 15

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668        Jul 15, Constantine II (37), emperor of Byzantium, died.
    (MC, 7/15/02)

1099        Jul 15, Jerusalem fell to the crusaders who slaughtered the Jewish and Muslim inhabitants. The dead numbered about 3,000.
    (V.D.-H.K.p.109)(HN, 7/15/98)(SSFC, 4/13/03, p.E3)

1174        Jul 15, Baldwin (13), son of Amalric I, was crowned Baldwin IV, king of Jerusalem.
    (ON, 6/07, p.5)

1205        Jul 15, Pope Innocent III decreed that the Jews were doomed to perpetual servitude and subjugation due to crucifixion of Jesus.
    (MC, 7/15/02)

1410        Jul 15, Lithuanian-Polish forces defeated the Teutonic Knights at the Battle of Tannenberg, Prussia, thereby halting the Knights’ eastward expansion along the Baltic and hastening their decline. Vytautas and Jogaila with hired mercenaries from Belarus along with Tartars and Czechs defeated the Teutonic Knights between Grunvald (Zalgiriai) and Tannenberg southeast of Malburg. Grand Master Ulrich von Jungingen and many of his nobles were killed. The war officially ended with the Treaty of Thorn in which the Knights gave up Zemaitija to Vytautas.
    (COE)(H of L, 1931, p.52)(DrEE, 11/9/96, p.6)

1471        Jul 15, Eskender (d.1494), Emperor of Ethiopia, was born. Eskender was killed at age 22 fighting the Maya, a vanished ethnic group known for using poisoned arrows.
    (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskender)

1542        Jul 15, In 2007 an expert on the "Mona Lisa" says he had ascertained with certainty that Lisa Gherardini (b.1479), the symbol of feminine mystique, died on this day, and was buried at the Sant'Orsola convent in central Florence where she spent her final days.
    (AFP, 1/19/07)

1573        Jul 15, Inigo Jones (d.1652), father of English classical architecture, was born in London.  He restored St. Paul's Cathedral.
    (AM, Mar/Apr 97 p.14)(MC, 7/15/02)

1606        Jul 15, The painter Rembrandt (d.1669) Harmenszoom van Rizn (Rijn), was born in Leiden, Netherlands. His paintings included "Old Woman Cutting Her Nails," "Night Watch," "Self Portrait Leaning Forward" (1628), "Two Studies of Saskia Asleep" (1635-1637), "Jupiter and Antiope" (1659) and "Aristotle Contemplating the Bust of Homer." He started making etchings in the 1620s when the medium was barely a 100 years old.
    (WSJ, 10/1/96, p.A20)(SFC, 10/12/96, p.E3)(SFC, 5/17/97, p.E1)(AP, 7/15/97)

1663        Jul 15, King Charles II of England granted John Clarke a charter for the colony of Rhode Island guaranteeing freedom of worship. He granted the charter giving the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations an elected governor and legislature. Roger Williams (1603-1683) authored the Rhode Island and Providence Plantation Charter, which stated that religion and conscience should never be restrained by civil supremacy.
    (http://avalon.law.yale.edu/17th_century/ri04.asp)(AH, 4/07, p.21)

1685        Jul 15, James Scott, the Duke of Monmouth and illegitimate son of Charles II, was executed on Tower Hill in England, after his army was defeated at Sedgemoor.
    (HN, 7/15/98)(MC, 7/15/02)

1700        Jul 15, Johann Christoph Richter, composer, was born.
    (MC, 7/15/02)

1741        Jul 15, George Steller, an observer with Vitus Bering (1680-1741), claimed to see the American mainland (Alaska). Bering, a Danish-born mariner, was on an exploratory mission on behalf of Russia.
    (WSJ, 9/12/00, p.A24)(SFEC, 3/23/97, p.T5)(ON, 2/06, p.2)

1779        Jul 15, Clement Moore, founder of the General Theological Seminary in New York City, was born.
    (HN, 7/15/98)

1782        Jul 15, Farinelli (77), Italian castrato, died.
    (MC, 7/15/02)

1788        Jul 15, Louis XVI jailed 12 deputies who protest new judicial reforms.
    (HN, 7/15/98)

1789        Jul 15, The electors of Paris set up a "Commune" to live without the authority of the government.
    (HN, 7/15/98)

1796        Jul 15, Thomas Bulfinch, historian and mythologist (The Age of Fable), was born.
    (HN, 7/15/01)

1806        Jul 15, Lieutenant Zebulon Pike began his famous western expedition from Fort Belle Fountaine, near St. Louis, Missouri. Pike was the US Army officer who in 1805 led an exploring party in search of the source of the Mississippi River.
    (HN, 7/15/99)(MC, 7/15/02)

1813        Jul 15, Napoleon Bonaparte's representatives met with the Allies in Prague to discuss peace terms.
    (HN, 7/15/98)

1815        Jul 15, Napoleon Bonaparte was captured by the British Navy at Rochefort, France, while attempting to escape to America.
    (ON, 4/06, p.5)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon)

1830        Jul 15, 3 Indian tribes, Sioux, Sauk & Fox, signed a treaty giving the US most of Minnesota, Iowa & Missouri.
    (MC, 7/15/02)

1834        Jul 15, Lord Napier of England arrived at Macao, China as the first chief superintendent of trade.
    (HN, 7/15/98)

1836        Jul 15, William Winter, drama critic and essayist for The New York Times, was born.
    (HN, 7/15/98)

1850        Jul 15, Mother Francis Xavier Cabrini, the first American canonized saint, was born.
    (HN, 7/15/98)

1857        Jul 15, British women and children were murdered in the second Cawnpore Massacre during the Indian Mutiny.
    (HN, 7/15/98)
1857        Jul 15, Carl Czerny (66), Austrian pianist, composer, died.
    (MC, 7/15/02)

1862        Jul 15, Lt. Isaac Brown took the Confederate ironclad C.S.S. Arkansas into the Mississippi River and engaged 3 Union ships near Vicksburg. The CSS Arkansas vs. USS Carondelet and Queen of the West engaged at Yazoo River.
    (ON, 10/02, p.12)(MC, 7/15/02)

1863        Jul 15, Confederate raider Bill Anderson and his Bushwackers attacked Huntsville, Missouri, stealing $45,000 from the local bank.
    (HN, 7/15/99)

1868        Jul 15, William Thomas Morton (b.1819), dentist, died in NYC. He was responsible for the first successful public demonstration of ether as an inhalation anesthetic. Morton's accomplishment was the key factor to the medical and scientific pursuit that we now refer to as anesthesiology.
    (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Thomas_Green_Morton)
1868        Jul 15, The Torrent sank in Alaska’s Cook Inlet after tidal currents, among the world's most powerful, rammed it into a reef south of the Kenai Peninsula. About 130 Army soldiers had come north on the Torrent to build the first US military fort in south-central Alaska. About 20 sailors and 15 of the soldiers wives and children were also on board. All 155 people on board survived. Remnants of the wreckage were found in 2007.
    (AP, 10/8/07)(www.adn.com/life/story/9364436p-9278126c.html)

1869        Jul 15, Margarine was patented by Hippolye Mega-Mouriss for use by French Navy.
    (MC, 7/15/02)

1870        Jul 15, Georgia became the last of the Confederate states to be admitted to the Union.
    (AP, 7/15/97)
1870        Jul 15, Manitoba entered confederation as the fifth Canadian province.
    (AP, 7/15/07)

1883        Jul 15, Tom Thumb (44), famous small person (40"), died of a stroke.
    (MC, 7/15/02)

1895        Jul 15, Ex-prime minister of Bulgaria Stephen Stambulov was murdered by Macedonian rebels.
    (HN, 7/15/98)

1895        Jul 15, Stephen Stambulov, ex-prime minister of Bulgaria was murdered by Macedonian rebels.
    (HN, 7/15/98)

1897        Jul 15, The gold-laden ship Excelsior from Alaska landed in San Francisco. Seattle mayor W.D. Wood was visiting and immediately resigned his job, hired a ship, and organized an expedition from SF to the Yukon territory.
    (WSJ, 7/17/97, p.A20)
1897        Jul 15, W. Sheldon of NY patented a seed counter for retail seed sales.
    (SFC, 4/13/05, p.G4)

1901        Jul 15, Over 74,000 Pittsburgh steel workers went on strike.
    (HN, 7/15/98)

1904        Jul 15, Dorothy Fields, songwriter, was born.
    (HN, 7/15/01)
1904        Jul 15, Anton Pavlovich Chekhov (44), Russian writer (Uncle Vanya), died of tuberculosis. Chekhov wrote his play "The Cherry Orchard" in this year. In 1998 Donald Rayfield published "Anton Chekhov: A Life." An assay of his plays was written by Maurice Vallency: "The Breaking string." Vladimir Nabokov examined his short stories in "Lectures on Russian Literature." In 1988 V.S. Pritchett wrote a biography. In 1998 Philip Callow published "Chekhov: The Hidden Ground," and Donald Rayfield published "Anton Chekhov: A Life." In 1999 Peter Constantine translated and published "Undiscovered Chekhov: Thirty-Eight New Stories."
    (WUD, 1994, p.252)(WSJ, 11/5/97, p.A20)(WSJ, 3/9/98, p.A16)(SFEC, 5/31/98, p.8)(SFEC, 2/14/99, BR p.6)(MC, 7/15/02)

1906        Jul 15, Richard W. Armour, humorist, author of "Twisted Tales from Shakespeare," was born.
    (HN, 7/15/98)

1907        Jul 15, The London Electrobus Company began picking up passengers in the world’s biggest trials of battery-powered buses. The service collapsed in 1909. It suffered from an investment scam led by Baron de Martigny, a Canadian music-hall artist, the front man for Edward Lehwess, a German lawyer and con-artist. In 1906 Lehwess had sold the company a worthless patent that caused investors to demand the return of some 80,000 pounds.
    (Econ, 9/8/07, TQ p.10)

1912        Jul 15, British National Health Insurance Act went into effect.
    (MC, 7/15/02)

1913        Jul 15, Hammond Innes, English novelist, was born.
    (HN, 7/15/01)

1914        Jul 15, Gavin Maxwell, Scottish writer and naturalist (Ring of Bright Water), was born.
    (HN, 7/15/01)
1914        Jul 15, Mexican president Huerta fled with 2 million pesos to Europe.
    (MC, 7/15/02)

1916        Jul 15, The Boeing Co., originally known as Pacific Aero Products, was founded in Seattle by William Boeing.
    (AP, 7/15/97)

1917        Jul 15, Robert Conquest, English author (Back to Life), was born.
    (MC, 7/15/02)

1918        Jul 15, The Second Battle of the Marne began during World War I.
    (AP, 7/15/97)

1919        Jul 15, Iris Murdoch (d.1999), philosopher-novelist, was born in Dublin. She wrote 28 novels and in 1998 published "Existentialists and Mystics," a collection of writings from 1950 to the 1980s. Herein she tried to "recover the moral dimension of art."
    (WSJ, 2/17/98, p.A20)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iris_Murdoch)(SFC, 2/9/99, p.A20)

1922        Jul 15, 1st duck-billed platypus was publicly exhibited in US at a NY zoo.
    (MC, 7/15/02)

1929        Jul 15, Hugo Von Hofmannsthal, playwright, poet, died.
    (MC, 7/15/02)

1933        Jul 15, Julian Bream, guitarist, was born.
    (MC, 7/15/02)
1933        Jul 15, Wiley Post began the 1st solo flight around world.
    (MC, 7/15/02)(ON, 12/03, p.12)

1937        Jul 15, Japanese attacked the Marco Polo Bridge and invaded China.
    (MC, 7/15/02)

1941        Jul 15, Florey and Heatley presented freeze dried mold cultures (Penicillin).
    (MC, 7/15/02)

1942        Jul 15, The first supply flight from India to China over the 'Hump' was flown to help China's war effort.
    (HN, 7/15/99)

1944        Jul 15, In Amsterdam Anne Frank (1929-1945) entered this in her diary: "In spite of everything I still believe that people are really good at heart." In 1998 5 additional pages to her diary were reported. She died of typhoid in the spring of 1945 at the Bergen-Belson concentration camp.
    (AP, 8/4/98)(SFC, 8/19/98, p.A16)
1944        Jul 15, Greenwich Observatory was damaged by German V1 rocket.
    (MC, 7/15/02)

1946        Jul 15, Linda Ronstadt (singer: group: The Stone Poneys: Different Drum; solo: Blue Bayou, You're No Good, When Will I Be Loved, It's So Easy, Ooh Baby Baby, Hurt So Bad; actress: Pirates of Penzance), was born in Tucson, Arizona.
    (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_Ronstadt)

1947        Jul 15, Convertibility of British sterling into US dollars, negotiated as part of a $5 billion US loan to Britain in 1946, came into effect. It caused an immediate run on the pound and was abandoned on August 20.
    (WSJ, 6/20/08, p.A11)

1948        Jul 15, President Truman was nominated for another term of office by the Democratic National Convention in Philadelphia.
    (AP, 7/15/97)
1948        Jul 15, John J. Pershing (87), [Black Jack], US general (Mexico, WW I), died.
    (MC, 7/15/02)

1952        Jul 15, Jesse Ventura, [James Janos], wrestler, actor, politician (MN Governor), was born.
    (MC, 7/15/02)

1953        Jul 15, Jean-Bertrand Aristide, president of Haiti (1991, 1994-1995 ), was born.
    (MC, 7/15/02)

1954        Jul 15, The Boeing “Dash 80,” a prototype of the 707, made its first test flight.
    (NPub, 2002, p.17)

1957        Jul 15, James M. Cox (b.1870), 3-time Ohio governor and founder of Cox Enterprises, died. Cox was defeated in the 1920 Presidential Election by fellow Ohioan Senator Warren G. Harding of Marion, Ohio. He left his family a business that included broadcast properties and a string of newspapers.
    (WSJ, 6/2/07, p.A5)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_M._Cox)

1958        Jul 15, President Eisenhower ordered 5,000 U.S. Marines to Lebanon, at the request of that country's president, Camille Chamoun, in the face of a perceived threat by Muslim rebels; to help end a short-lived civil war.
    (SFEC, 4/13/97, p.T8)(AP, 7/15/98)(HN, 7/15/98)

1960        Jul 15, John F. Kennedy accepted the Democratic nomination for president of the United States.
    (HN, 7/15/98)
1960        Jul 15, Lawrence Mervil Tibbett (63), baritone, died after surgery.
    (MC, 7/15/02)

1961        Jul 15, Spain accepted equal rights for men and women.
    (MC, 7/15/02)

1964        Jul 15, The Republican National Convention was held at the Cow Palace in Daly City, Ca. It elected Barry Goldwater as its presidential candidate. John Chancellor was ejected from the convention for blocking an aisle during a demonstration by the delegates. Here Goldwater proclaimed "Extremism in defense of liberty is no vice."
    (SFC, 7/13/96, p.A5)(WSJ, 8/5/96, p.A10)(AP, 7/15/97)

1965        Jul 15, US scientists displayed close-up photographs of the planet Mars taken by "Mariner Four." It passed over Mars at an altitude of 6,000 feet.
    (AP, 7/15/00)

1967        Jul 15, In Alaska a major blizzard caught 7 climbers high on Mount McKinley (Denali). Five of 12 climbers managed to reach safety, but 7 were caught and froze to death. In 2007 James M. Tabor’s: “Forever on the Mountain: The Truth Behind One of Mountaineering's Most Controversial and Mysterious Disasters,” was published.
    (WSJ, 1/17/07, p.D6)

1968        Jul 15, Commercial air travel began between US & USSR.
    (www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1968/1968%20-%201275.html)
1968        Jul 15, Intel was founded. Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore had left Fairchild Semiconductor to form NM Electronics in Mountain View, Ca. In 1997 Tim Jackson published "Inside Intel: Andrew Grove and the Rise of the World’s Most Powerful Chip Company." Grove joined Intel in this year and became its president in 1979. They bought the rights to the name Intel from Intelco fro $15,000.
    (SFEC,10/26/97, BR p.3)(SFEC,12/21/97, p.A2)(SFC, 10/11/00, p.A6)(SFC, 7/16/03, p.B1)

1971        Jul 15, President Nixon announced he would visit the People's Republic of China to seek a "normalization of relations."
    (AP, 7/15/97)

1974        Jul 15, A military coup took place on Cyprus and archbishop-president Makarios fled. Nikos Giorgiades Sampson (d.2001 at 66) served as president for 8 days following the military coup that overthrew Archbishop Makarios. PM Bulent Ecevit ordered Turkish troops to invade Cyprus following the Greek Cypriot coup.
    (www.cyprus-conflict.net/Greek%20v%20Turk%20narr%20-%201974.htm)

1975        Jul 15, Three American astronauts blasted off aboard an Apollo spaceship hours after two Soviet cosmonauts were launched aboard a Soyuz spacecraft for a mission that included a linkup of the two ships in orbit.
    (AP, 7/15/97)

1976        Jul 15, School Children in Chowchilla, CA. were kidnapped by 3 young men, Richard (22) and James Schoenfeld (24) and Newhall Woods (24). The 26 children were herded into a moving van that was buried in a quarry near Livermore, Ca. and held for $5 million ransom. The children escaped after 16 hours and their captors were captured within 2 weeks. The men were sentenced to life in prison.
    (SFC, 7/14/96, Z1 p.1)(AP, 7/15/97)
1976        Jul 15, Indonesia passed a law providing for annexation of East Timor, which the President of Indonesia signed on 17 July. East Timor became the 27th province of the Republic of Indonesia. The act was not recognized by the UN.
    (G&M, 1/31/96, p.A-9)(www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/timor-bkg.htm)

1978        Jul 15, President Carter, in West Germany for an economic summit, presided over a "town meeting" during which he fielded questions from about 1,000 Berliners.
    (AP, 7/15/04)
1978        Jul 15, Bob Dylan performed before some 200,000 fans at Blackbushe Airport, England, in the largest open-air concert audience at the time (for a single artist).
    (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackbushe_Airport)

1979        Jul 15, President Carter delivered his "malaise" speech in which he lamented what he called a "crisis of confidence" in America.
    (AP, 7/15/97)

1983        Jun 15, The US Supreme Court struck down state & local restrictions on abortion.
    (www.rtl.org/html/hot_topics_html/supreme_court_decisions.html)
1983        Jul 15, In France a bomb explodes in front of the THY counter at Orly airport. 8 people were killed and more than sixty injured. A 29 years old Syrian-Armenian named Varadjian Garbidjian confessed to having planted the bomb. He admitted that the bomb was intended to have exploded once the plane was airborne.
    (http://armenians-1915.blogspot.com/2006/12/1273-this-month-in-history-armenian.html)

1985        Jul 15, A gaunt-looking Rock Hudson appeared at a news conference with actress Doris Day to promote her cable television program. It was later revealed Hudson was suffering from AIDS.
    (AP, 7/15/99)

1987        Jul 15, Former National Security Adviser John Poindexter testified at the Iran-Contra hearings that he had never told President Reagan about using Iranian arms sales money for the Contras in order to protect the president from possible political embarrassment.
    (AP, 7/15/97)
1987        Jul 15, Izzatullah Wasifi (29) was arrested at Caesars Palace in Las Vegas for selling 650 grams (23 ounces) of heroin. Prosecutors said the drugs were worth $2 million on the street. Wasifi served three years and eight months in prison before winning parole. In 2007 Wasifi, a long time friend of Afghan Pres. Hamid Karzai, was appointed as general-director of Afghanistan’s General Independent Administration of Anti-Corruption and Bribery.
    (AP, 3/9/07)
1987        Jul 15, In South Africa Ashley Kriel, an anti-apartheid activist was killed. Police officer Jeffrey Benzien later confessed to the killing and was absolved by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission in 1999.
    (SFC, 2/19/99, p.B12)(www.doj.gov.za/trc/decisions/1999/99_benzien.html)
1987        Jul 15, Taiwan ended 37 years of martial law.
    (www.gio.gov.tw/taiwan-website/5-gp/rights/politics_01.htm)

1988        Jul 15, The leadership of the Teamsters Union chose William J. McCarthy to fill out the remaining term of the late Jackie Presser as president, narrowly rejecting Secretary-Treasurer Weldon Mathis, Presser's hand-picked successor.
    (AP, 7/15/98)

1989        Jul 15, Leaders of the seven major industrial democracies, meeting in Paris, voiced support for democracy behind the Iron Curtain and condemned repression in China.
    (AP, 7/15/99)

1990        Jul 15, Soviet President Mikhail S. Gorbachev and visiting West German Chancellor Helmut Kohl held talks on the issue of a united Germany’s membership in NATO.
    (AP, 7/15/00)
1990        Jul 15, East Germany opened its borders fully to Jews from the former Soviet republics.
    (Econ, 5/7/05, p.48)
1990        Jul 15, Tens of thousands of people marched in Moscow to protest the Communist Party’s control of the government, the army and the KGB.
    (AP, 7/15/00)

1991        Jul 15, Group of Seven leaders opened their 17th annual economic summit in London, plunging into debate over aid to the Soviet Union.
    (AP, 7/15/01)
1991        Jul 15, Actor and game-show host Bernard Whalen Convy (57) died in Los Angeles, Ca., of a brain tumor. Early in his career, Convy was a member of a singing trio named the Cheers. Their “Black Denim Trousers” was a top-ten hit (1955). He was born July 23, 1933 in St. Louis, Missouri.
    (www.imdb.com/name/nm0176622/)

1992        Jul 15, Arkansas Gov. Bill Clinton claimed the Democratic presidential nomination at the party's convention in New York City.
    (AP, 7/15/97)

1993        Jul 15, Authorities in Los Angeles announced eight arrests in connection with an alleged plot by white supremacists to ignite a race war by bombing a black church and killing prominent black Americans. Christopher Fisher, leader of the Fourth Reich Skinheads, was later sentenced to more than 8 years in federal prison while defendant Carl Daniel Boese was sentenced to nearly 5 years in prison; both had pleaded guilty to arson and conspiracy charges.
    (AP, 7/15/03)

1994        Jul 15, During a baseball game between the Cleveland Indians and the Chicago White Sox in Chicago's Comiskey Park, umpire Dave Phillips ordered the bat of Albert Belle of the Indians to be removed from the game for later examination for illegal cork. The bat was then stolen by pitcher Jason Grimsley, who crawled through air ducts to take it. The Indians won the game 3-2 and later returned the bat under umpire threats and Belle was given a 10-game suspension that was reduced to 7 games.
    (SFEC, 4/11/99, p.A3)
1994        Jul 15, Microsoft Corp. reached a settlement with the Justice Department, promising to end practices it used to corner the market for personal computer software programs. In a consent decree with the Justice Dept. Microsoft agreed to change contracts with PC makers and other software companies ending the government's antitrust investigation.
    (AP, 7/15/99)(WSJ, 4/4/00, p.A16)

1995        Jul 15, A 19-year-old sales clerk was rescued after being buried in the rubble of a collapsed shopping mall in Seoul, South Korea, for 16 days.
    (AP, 7/15/00)

1996        Jul 15, Republican presidential candidate Bob Dole picked New York congresswoman Susan Molinari to deliver the keynote address at the upcoming GOP convention.
    (AP, 7/15/97)
1996        Jul 15, Arkansas Gov. Guy Tucker stepped down following a felony conviction in the Whitewater scandal. Lt. Gov. Mike Huckabee became governor.
    (WSJ, 1/2/97, p.R2)(Econ, 2/3/07, p.33)
1996        Jul 15, The stock market took a tumble. The Nasdaq index dropped 43.11 points, its 2nd largest decline since 10/19/87 when it dropped 46.12 points.
    (SFC, 7/16/96, p.A1)
1996        Jul 15 MSNBC, a 24-hour all-news network, made its debut on cable and the Internet.
    (AP, 7/15/97)
1996        Jul 15, An Algerian court sentenced 128 Muslim militants to death in absentia for their involvement in guerilla activities. Another 67 were sentenced in absentia to life imprisonment.
    (SFC, 7/16/96, p.A7)
1996        Jul 15, A Belgian plane, Lockheed C-130, crashed during landing in the Netherlands and killed 32 people.
    (WSJ, 7/16/96, p.A1)
1996        Jul 15, In India 58 Hindu pilgrims died in stampedes during religious festivals at Ujjain, 465 miles south of New Delhi, and Hardwar, 125 miles north.
    (WSJ, 7/16/96, p.A1)
1996        Jul 15, In Israel/Palestine 135,000 Jewish settlers live in the West Bank and 5,000 live in Gaza. About 160,000 Israelis live in east Jerusalem, captured from Jordan in 1967 and then annexed. New settlements were being planned.
    (SFC, 7/15/96, p.A10)
1996        Jul 15, In Nicaragua 6 soldiers were killed and one injured in an ambush in central Matagalpa province.
    (SFC, 7/16/96, p.A7)

1997        Jul 15, Marine biologists diving from the Johnson Sea Link in the Gulf of Mexico discovered what appeared to be a new species of worm of the family polychaetes. The worms lived on top of frozen mounds of gas hydrates.
    (SFC, 7/30/97, p.A11)
1997        Jul 15, Gianni Versace, Italian fashion designer, was shot to death outside his home in Miami Beach, Fla. Police searched for Andrew Philip Cunanan, 27, of San Diego as the primary suspect. Suspected serial killer Andrew Phillip Cunanan, was found dead eight days later. In 1999 Maureen Orth authored "Vulgar Favors: Andrew Cunanan, Gianni Versace and the Largest Failed Manhunt in US History."
    (SFC, 7/17/97, p.A1)(AP, 7/15/98)(SFEC, 3/28/99, p.D9)
1997        Jul 15, In Algeria Abassi Madani, former leader of the Islamic Salvation Front, was released after serving 5 years of a 12 year sentence.
    (SFC, 7/16/97, p.C12)
1997        Jul 15, In Algeria a court condemned 24 Muslim militants to death for their involvement in guerrilla activities.
    (SFC, 7/16/97, p.A10)
1997        Jul 15-1997 Jul 20, In Colombia a right-wing death squad under Carlos Castano killed at least 49 suspected guerrilla sympathizers in Mapiripan, Meta province. In 1998 2 army sergeants, Juan Carlos Gamarra and Jose Miller Urena, were linked to the massacre. In 2001 Gen. Jaime Humberto Uscategui was given a 40-month sentence for failing to defend the town. In 2009 a court convicted Uscategui of murder and sentenced him to 40 years in prison for his role in the notorious massacre.
    (SFC, 2/14/98, p.A8)(SFC, 7/11/98, p.A11)(SFC, 2/14/01, p.A16)(http://tinyurl.com/coyuh)(AP, 11/26/09)
1997        Jul 15, The Czech trade deficit was labeled as the largest in the world relative to its economy.
    (SFC, 7/16/97, p.A1)
1997        Jul 15, In Liberia pres. candidate Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf (58), a banker and UN official, led a women’s solidarity march. She had recently emerged as the leading rival of warlord Charles Taylor.
    (SFC, 7/16/97, p.A9)(SFC, 7/19/97, p.A9)
1997        Jul 15, In Northern Ireland pro-British militants shot and killed Bernadette Martin while she slept beside her Protestant boyfriend.
    (SFEC,10/26/97, p.A20)
1997        Jul 15, In Serbia Slobodan Milosevic was elected president of the Yugoslav federation in a vote that opposition parties said was illegal.
    (SFC, 7/16/97, p.C12)
1997        Jul 15, Eastern Slavonia was scheduled to be handed over to Croatian authorities. It had been seized by the Serbs in 1991. [see Jan 15, 1998]
    (SFC, 1/22/96, p.C1)

1998        Jul 15, The Congressional Budget Office estimated federal surpluses of $1.55 trillion over the next decade.
    (AP, 7/15/99)
1998        Jul 15, Direct flights between the US and Cuba resumed after 2 years. US authorities expanded a "security zone" to include most of the Florida coast to prevent anti-Castro protestors from entering Cuban waters.
    (SFC, 7/16/98, p.A10)
1998        cJul 15, Richard Butler, chief of UNSCOM, ordered Scott Ritter in mid-July to place a listening device in Baghdad to enable the Americans to eavesdrop on Saddam Hussein.
    (SFEC, 1/10/99, p.A24)
1998        Jul 15, Three days of ceremonies to bury Russia's last czar and his family, who were killed by the Bolsheviks, began in the city of Yekaterinburg.
    (AP, 7/15/99)
1998        Jul 15, Sudanese rebels declared a 3 month cease fire to allow food shipments to reach hundreds of thousands hungry people in the southwest.
    (WSJ, 7/16/98, p.A1)
1998        Jul 15, It was reported that Sweden’s highest administrative court ruled that anyone can read “sacred documents” of the Church of Scientology. 150 confidential pages of the “sacred documents” were restricted to only some 350 of 8 million Scientologists. Copies were given to the Swedish parliament by a Church enemy and made public. Scientology asserts, and the US agrees, that copyright was violated. The case may wind up in the European Court of Justice.
    (SFC, 7/15/98, p.A8)(http://tinyurl.com/oq3lr)

1999        Jul 15, The Seattle Mariners played their first game in their new home, Safeco Field, losing to the San Diego Padres, 3-to-2.
    (AP, 7/15/00)
1999        Jul 15, The Clinton administration conceded that workers exposed to beryllium deserved compensation for induced beryllium disease. Some 26,000 workers had been exposed over the last 50 years and there were an estimated 500 to 1000 cases of the disease.
    (SFC, 7/16/99, p.A5)
1999        Jul 15, The US House voted to give Congress a pay raise of $4,600 in January and to double the next president's salary to $400,000.
    (WSJ, 7/16/99, p.A1)
1999        Jul 15, The Religious Liberty Protection Act was signed by 107 House Democrats and 199 Republicans. It said local and state officials must bend their rules to accommodate religious claims.
    (SFC, 8/14/99, p.C14)
1999        Jul 15, Pres. Clinton met with Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak for the beginning of 5 days of talks.
    (SFC, 7/16/99, p.A10)
1999        Jul 15, In Indonesia final election results showed Megawati's PDI-P party winning 34% of 122 million votes with Golgar at 22%.
    (SFC, 7/16/99, p.A10)

2000        Jul 15, Lennox Lewis stopped Francois Botha at 2:39 of the second round to retain his WBC and IBF heavyweight titles in London.
    (AP, 7/15/01)
2000        Jul 15, Former Rhode Island governor and longtime US senator John O. Pastore died at age 93.
    (AP, 7/15/01)
2000        Jul 15, From China it was reported that an attack force of 700,000 ducks and chickens, trained to hunt and eat insects at the sound of a whistle, were placed in the locust-plagued fields of Xinjiang province.
    (SFC, 7/15/00, p.A24)
2000        Jul 15, In Colombia 13 police officers were executed by rebels following their surrender to a missile attack in Roncesvalles.
    (SFC, 7/17/00, p.A13)
2000        Jul 15, Iran test-fired an upgraded version of its 800-mil range, Shabab-3 missile.
    (SFEC, 7/16/00, p.B9)
2000        Jul 15, In Sierra Leone UN troops freed 222 Indian peacekeepers and 11 military observers held by rebels since May 1. One Indian peacekeeper was killed and 7 others injured.
    (SFEC, 7/16/00, p.B9)(SFC, 7/18/00, p.A12)

2001        Jul 15, In Bangladesh PM Sheikh Hasina left office. Pres. Shahabuddin Ahmad appointed Latifur Rahman to head a caretaker administration. At least 4 people were killed in street clashes.
    (SFC, 7/16/01, p.A9)
2001        Jul 15, China's President Jiang Zemin arrived in Russia to sign a friendship treaty, the first between the former Communist rivals in more than 50 years.
    (SFC, 7/16/01, p.A9)(AP, 7/14/02)
2001        Jul 15, In Colombia FARC guerrillas kidnapped Alam Jara, former governor of Meta state.
    (SFC, 7/17/01, p.A7)
2001        Jul 15, In Israel PM Sharon and his Cabinet decided to build new towns in the Halutza Sands region of the Negev Desert. Shimon Peres met with Arafat in Cairo and a gun battle in Hebron left 20 Palestinians wounded.
    (SFC, 7/16/01, p.A8)
2001        Jul 15, Gen. Pervez Musharraf of Pakistan met with PM Atal Bihari Vajpayee and talked on issues including, Kashmir, trade, terrorism and nuclear safeguards. They also agreed to continue discussions for a 2nd day.
    (SFC, 7/16/01, p.A12)
2001        Jul 15, In South Korea landslides and flooding killed at least 40 people.
    (SFC, 7/16/01, p.A9)

2002        Jul 15, The US Senate voted  97-0 for a bill to crack down on corporate accounting abuses.
    (WSJ, 7/16/02, p.A1)
2002        Jul 15, John Walker Lindh agreed to serve 20 years in prison for fighting in Afghanistan in a plea bargain with the government. He was sentenced to 20 years in prison on Oct 4.
    (WSJ, 7/16/02, p.A1)(SFC, 10/5/02, p.A1)
2002        Jul 15, A federal agency approved Navy plans for a sonar system to search out enemy submarines despite potential injury to whales and dolphins.
    (SFC, 7/16/02, p.A1)
2002        Jul 15, In Stanton, Ca., Samantha Runnion (5) was kidnapped. Her body was found the next day in Riverside county. An autopsy revealed that she had been sexually abused and died from a crushed abdomen. A sample of DNA was also found under her fingernail. On July 19 police arrested Alejandro Avila (27), previously acquitted for child molestation. In 2005 Avila was convicted of kidnapping, murder and sexual assault. On May 16 a jury called for the death penalty. He was sentenced to death on July 22.
    (SFC, 7/17/02, p.A2)(SFC, 7/20/02, p.A1)(SFC, 4/29/05, p.A4)(SFC, 5/17/05, p.B8)(SFC, 7/23/05, p.B7)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samantha_Runnion)
2002        Jul 15, A Canadian National freight train derailed and caught fire near Allenton, Wisc., and 34 of 107 cars jumped the tracks.
    (SFC, 7/16/02, p.A4)
2002        Jul 15, Osama bin Laden is alive and planning another attack on the United States, said an Arab journalist with close ties to the militant's associates.
    (Reuters, 7/15/02)
2002        Jul 15, Pfizer Corp. agreed to buy Pharmacia Corp. for stock valued at $60 billion.
    (WSJ, 7/15/02, p.A1)
2002        Jul 15, In Mexico farmers ended their protest of a proposed new airport for Mexico City and released 19 hostages after the government promised to reconsider construction terms.
    (SFC, 7/16/02, p.A5)
2002        Jul 15, In Nigeria women occupying a ChevronTexaco oil terminal agreed to end their eight-day siege after the company offered to hire at least 25 villagers and to build schools, electrical and water systems.
    (AP, 7/15/02)
2002        Jul 15, A court in Pakistan sentenced British-born Islamic militant Sheikh Ahmed Omar Saeed to death for the kidnap and murder of U.S. reporter Daniel Pearl, drawing a threat of reprisals and calls for Muslims to respond. A Pakistani judge convicted four Islamic militants in the kidnap-slaying of Wall Street Journal correspondent Daniel Pearl.
    (Reuters, 7/15/02)(SFC, 7/15/02, p.A1)(AP, 7/15/03)
2002        Jul 15, Nationwide demonstrations in Paraguay called for the ouster of Pres. Luis Gonzalez Macchi, who imposed a state of emergency.
    (SFC, 7/16/02, p.A4)(SFC, 7/17/02, p.A9)
2002        Jul 15, Philippine gunmen shot dead four supporters of candidates as Filipinos voted in local community elections after a bloody campaign that left scores of people dead. The 90 day election campaign left 71 people dead.
    (Reuters, 7/15/02)

2003        Jul 15, The American League beat the National League in the All-Star Game 7-6.
    (AP, 7/15/04)
2003        Jul 15, Scott McClellan assumed his duties as White House press secretary.
    (AP, 7/15/04)
2003        Jul 15, The Bush administration reported that this year's deficit will reach $445 billion. The Bush administration dramatically raised its budget deficit projections to $455 billion for the current fiscal year and $475 billion for the next, record levels fed by the limp economy, tax cuts and the battle against terrorism.
    (SFC, 7/16/03, p.A1)(AP, 7/15/04)
2003        Jul 15, Tex Schramm (83), who turned the Dallas Cowboys into "America's Team," died in Dallas.
    (AP, 7/15/04)
2003        Jul 15, Elisabeth Welch (99), American-born singer, died in London.
    (AP, 7/15/04)
2003        Jul 15, Four US crew members were killed in a fiery crash of a Navy helicopter in Italy.
    (AP, 7/16/03)
2003        Jul 15, Chad began pumping oil to Cameroon, part of a project to help alleviate crushing poverty in the two countries. The 4.2 billion project was funded by the World Bank on the condition that the oil money be used for development. Pres. Idris Deby later diverted the money to the general budget and for weapons.
    (AP, 7/16/03)(SFC, 12/21/07, p.A31)
2003        Jul 15, Roberto Bolano (b.1953), Chilean author, died in Spain. His novel “2666” was published posthumously in 2006. In 2007 his novel “The Savage Detectives” (1998) was made available in English.
    (www.absoluteastronomy.com/enc3/roberto_bola%C3%B1o)(SSFC, 4/1/07, p.M1)
2003        Jul 15, The Colombian government and right-wing paramilitary fighters agreed to begin peace talks.
    (AP, 7/16/03)
2003        Jul 15, In India health officials reported that mosquito-borne encephalitis had killed at least 110 children in Andhra Pradesh over the last 6 weeks.
    (WSJ, 7/16/03, p.A1)
2003        Jul 15, Montserrat's governor declared the Caribbean island a disaster zone, days after a volcanic eruption spewed clouds of rock and ash over the British territory.
    (AP, 7/16/03)
2003        Jul 15, Officials reported that Syrian troops had begun dismantling bases in Lebanon.
    (SFC, 7/16/03, p.A3)

2004        Jul 15, President Bush signed into law a measure imposing mandatory prison terms for criminals who use identity theft in committing terrorist acts and other offenses.
    (AP, 7/15/05)
2004        Jul 15, The Senate approved a plan to pay tobacco farmers $12 billion to give up federal quotas propping up their prices.
    (AP, 7/15/05)
2004        Jul 15, The new $650 million, 4.4-mile Las Vegas Monorail began operations with stops at 7 stations between Sahara and Tropicana avenues.
    (SSFC, 7/25/04, p.D2)
2004        Jul 15, Scientists reported that excess carbon dioxide spilled into the air by humans over the past 2 centuries has been taken up by the oceans. They warned that a continuation of this process could damage the ability of ocean creatures to make their shells.
    (SFC, 7/16/04, p.A4)
2004        Jul 15, The Gates Foundation announced a $44.7 million award at the AIDS Conference in Bangkok to a consortium of TB and AIDS researchers. The 2 diseases were often linked. A UN report cited 7 countries as the hardest hit by the AIDS pandemic: Zimbabwe, Swaziland, Lesotho, Zambia, Malawi, the Central African Republic and Mozambique.
    (WSJ, 7/15/04, p.B1)(SFC, 7/16/04, p.A6)
2004        Jul 15, Retired Air Force Gen. Charles W. Sweeney, who piloted the plane that dropped the atomic bomb on Nagasaki in the final days of World War II, died in Boston at age 84.
    (AP, 7/15/05)
2004        Jul 15, In Kumbakonam, southern India, a short circuit ignited a thatched roof and fire raged through the Lord Krishna Middle School, killing 94 children and injuring more than 100. The children were trapped inside a locked building. In 2006 an inquiry commission found that a mixture of avarice, dishonesty and a blatant disregard of safety standards caused the devastating fire.
    (AP, 7/17/04)(SFC, 7/17/04, p.A3)(Reuters, 9/4/06)
2004        Jul 15, In Iraq attackers detonated a car bomb near police and government buildings in the western city of Haditha, killing 10 people. PM Alawi announced the formation of a new national security agency to fight the insurgency.
    (AP, 7/15/04)(SFC, 7/16/04, p.A12)
2004        Jul 15, Israel said it will spend $11.1 million to change completed portions of its West Bank barrier, building new roads, underpasses and tunnels to try to ease Palestinian conditions.
    (AP, 7/15/04)
2004        Jul 15, In western Nepal 11 suspected Maoist rebels including two local leaders were killed in armed clashes with security forces.
    (AFP, 7/15/04)
2004        Jul 15, In Tanzania the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) sentenced former finance minister Emmanuel Ndindabahizi to life imprisonment for his role in the east African country's 1994 genocide.
    (AP, 7/15/04)
2004        Jul 15, Thailand officials said avian flu had been detected in 10 of its 76 provinces.
    (SFC, 7/16/04, p.A3)

2005        Jul 15, A US federal appeals court ruled that a Guantanamo detainee who once was Osama bin Laden's driver could be tried by military tribunal. However, the Supreme Court in June 2006 struck down the tribunals, saying they violated U.S. and international law.
    (AP, 7/15/06)
2005        Jul 15, In SF District Court federal prosecutors in the BALCO case dropped 40 of 42 indictments against 3 men accused of providing performance-enhancing drugs to elite athletes.
    (SFC, 7/16/05, p.A1)
2005        Jul 15, Bankrupt Enron Corp. agreed to pay up to 1.52 billion dollars to settle charges of market manipulation during the energy crisis that hit California and other western US states in 2000 and 2001.
    (AFP, 7/16/05)
2005        Jul 15, California Gov. Schwarzenegger said he would quit his 2nd job as editor of two bodybuilding magazines following criticism of the lucrative moonlighting. Following this he soon severed ties with the Arnold Classic, a premier bodybuilding event.
    (SFC, 7/15/05, p.A1)(SFC, 7/23/05, p.A1)
2005        Jul 15, Suspected Taliban gunmen kidnapped and hanged a pro-government tribal leader in southern Afghanistan. Agha Jan was kidnapped the previous day with his two sons, brother and two nephews from his home in southern Zabul province. The relatives were released unharmed. Suspected Taliban fighters raided a police post in southern Afghanistan, killing 7 policemen and losing 5 of their own men.
    (AP, 7/15/05)(AP, 7/16/05)
2005        Jul 15, Officials said heavy rains and flash floods have killed 20 people and inundated tens of thousands of homes in Bulgaria and Romania.
    (AP, 7/15/05)
2005        Jul 15, An official said police in Egypt said they had arrested Magdy el-Nashar (33), an Egyptian biochemist, sought in the probe of the London bombings. He was taken into custody upon his arrival in Cairo from abroad.
    (AP, 7/15/05)   
2005        Jul 15, Hurricane Emily blew over Grenada and gathered force in the eastern Caribbean with winds of 135 mph. At least one person was killed.
    (AP, 7/15/05)
2005        Jul 15, In India hardline Hindu activists broke the windows of a cinema, burned posters and shouted "traitor" in protests against leading actor Salman Khan who Indian media said had boasted of links with the underworld.
    (Reuters, 7/15/05)
2005        Jul 15, Indonesian authorities said 3 people had died of suspected bird flu in the last 10 days. They had no contact with poultry and raised concern over human-to-human transmission. A small farm nearby was hit by the virus a few months earlier. This raised the regionwide deaths from bird flu to 57, mostly in Thailand and Vietnam
    (WSJ, 7/18/05, p.A10)(WSJ, 7/22/05, p.A10)
2005        Jul 15, In Iraq a frenzy of attacks killed at least 30 people in 12 suicide bombings. 2 US Marines were killed in a roadside bombing near the Jordanian border. A suicide car bomb exploded on a bridge overlooking the home of President Jalal Talabani, killing three of his guards. In Nasiriyah, judge Nurredin Ahmed, a Kurd from the northern oil centre of Kirkuk, was shot dead at his home. Akram Ahmed Rasul al-Bayati, a major general in the old regime's disbanded military, and his son Ali, a policeman, were killed after being arrested by police commandos on July 10.
    (AP, 7/16/05)(AFP, 7/16/05)(SFC, 7/16/05, p.A3)
2005        Jul 15, The Israeli military launched an airstrike at a van carrying a group of Hamas militants and a cache of homemade rockets in a Gaza City street, killing 4 people.
    (AP, 7/15/05)
2005        Jul 15, Two Japanese tankers collided in the Pacific Ocean off the central Japan coast, sparking a blaze that killed one sailor and left five others missing.
    (AP, 7/15/05)
2005        Jul 15, Nepal's king appointed a dozen loyalists to ministerial jobs.
    (AP, 7/15/05)
2005        Jul 15, In Serbia a court convicted 4 former members of the Avengers, a Serbian paramilitary force, of abducting 16 Muslims from a bus in October, 1992, and taking them to Bosnia to be tortured and executed. The men in custody, Djordje Sevic and Dragutin Dragicevic, got 15 and 20 years respectively. Two others, Milan Lukic and Oliver Krsmanovic, were on the run and were tried in absentia, and received 20-year jail terms
    (AP, 7/16/05)
2005        Jul 15, In South Africa a passenger bus plunged down a ravine near the southcentral coast, killing at least 24 people.
    (AP, 7/15/05)
2005        Jul 15, Thailand's government, reeling from bold attacks by suspected separatists in the Muslim-dominated south, granted PM Thaksin Shinawatra sweeping powers to tap phones, directly command security forces and order curfews.
    (AP, 7/15/05)

2006        Jul 15, In a chilly prelude to a Group of Eight (G8) summit in St. Petersburg, President Bush blocked Russia's entry into the World Trade Organization. Russia and the US failed to strike a bilateral deal allowing Russia to join the WTO but agreed to set a deadline to wrap up talks within three months.
    (AP, 7/15/07)(Reuters, 7/15/06)
2006        Jul 15, US authorities extradited Jean Succar Kuri, a Mexican businessman with alleged ties to associates of a powerful state governor, to face charges in Mexico of child pornography, statutory rape and corruption of minors.
    (AP, 7/16/06)
2006        Jul 15, Robert Wilson (64), theater and opera director, opened his $12 million Watermill Center on Long Island, NY. The arts center was setup to host conferences, student workshops and serve as an intercultural exchange.
    (Econ, 7/22/06, p.82)
2006        Jul 15, Phoenix, Ariz., residents were reported to be in fear of 2 serial killers, who have struck in recent months. Six killings were being attributed to the "Baseline Killer," whose name refers to the street where he is believed to have committed his first crimes. The 2nd suspected predator, dubbed the "Serial Shooter," has been definitively linked to the Dec. 29 wounding of one man and authorities believe he could be responsible for a total of five shooting deaths.
    (AP, 7/15/06)
2006        Jul 15, The space shuttle Discovery undocked from the international space station.
    (AP, 7/15/07)
2006        Jul 15, More than 40 insurgents were killed as hundreds of coalition troops, many dropped by helicopter, wrested a desert town from the Taliban and U.S. forces battled militants across southern Afghanistan.
    (AP, 7/16/06)
2006        Jul 15, Arab foreign ministers held an emergency summit in Cairo over Israel's expanding assault on Lebanon, the worst Israeli attack on its neighbor in 24 years.
    (AP, 7/15/06)
2006        Jul 15, A gas explosion in a coal mine in Shanxi province killed at least 50 miners in the Linjiazhuang Coal Mine in Jinzhong. In Hunan province 14 coal miners were killed after rains burst a dam, flooding the pit and collapsing buildings above ground at the Shenjiawan Colliery.
    (AP, 7/17/06)
2006        Jul 15, Thousands of Ecuadorian villagers fled their homes on the slopes of the Tungurahua volcano since it began erupting lava and toxic gases.
    (AP, 7/16/06)
2006        Jul 15, GDP for the Falkland Islands was estimated at $25,000 per head. Fishing licenses around the Falkland Islands generated some $40 million a year. Seismic studies indicated a possible 500,000 barrels of oil in the surrounding waters. Britain insisted that it would not discuss sovereignty of the islands unless its 3,000 citizens there requested it.
    (Econ, 7/15/06, p.38)
2006        Jul 15, In Haiti thousands of demonstrators demanding the return of ousted president Jean-Bertrand Aristide marched to the National Palace, pushing past riot police in a dramatic show of support for the exiled former leader.
    (AP, 7/16/06)
2006        Jul 15, A Honduras newspaper quoted a senior military official that the United States is helping Honduras establish a new military base to combat international drug trafficking in the northeastern province of Gracias a Dios.
    (AP, 7/15/06)
2006        Jul 15, Police investigating Bombay's deadly train bombings swept through several neighborhoods, rounding up more than 300 people for questioning.
    (AP, 7/15/06)
2006        Jul 15, Heavy clashes between Iraqi soldiers and gunmen in downtown Baghdad left 11 people wounded. Provincial police in Ramadi confirmed that gunmen had killed a member of the Iraqi Islamic Party. Gunmen kidnapped Ahmed al-Sammarai, the head of Iraq's Olympic committee, and more than a dozen employees storming a sports conference in Baghdad. The kidnappers wore camouflage Iraqi police uniforms and security guards outside the meeting said they did not interfere because they thought the gunmen were legitimate law enforcement.
    (AP, 7/15/06)(AP, 8/22/08)
2006        Jul 15, Israeli warplanes pounded Hezbollah's south Beirut stronghold and roads around the country killing at least 33 people. At least 12 Lebanese villagers, including women and children, were killed in what appeared to be an Israeli airstrike on a convoy of vehicles fleeing a village near the border with Israel in southern Lebanon. Hezbollah expanded its rocket fire, hitting another of Israel's main cities, and Israel warned that the guerrillas could strike Tel Aviv. At least 88 people have died in Lebanon, most of the them civilians, in the four-day Israeli offensive, sparked by Hezbollah's capture of two Israeli soldiers. On the Israeli side, at least 15 have been killed, four civilians and 11 soldiers.
    (AP, 7/15/06)(SSFC, 7/16/06, p.A1)
2006        Jul 15, Israeli aircraft fired at least one missile at a house in Gaza City. Palestinian rescue workers said two Palestinians were killed and many others wounded. Since the offensive began in Gaza, 86 Palestinians have been killed, many of them gunmen.
    (AP, 7/15/06)
2006        Jul 15, US Middle East envoy David Welch flew into Tripoli for talks with Libyan officials on strengthening economic and financial ties between the two countries.
    (AFP, 7/16/06)
2006        Jul 15, A landslide triggered by monsoon rains swept through a village in northwest Nepal before dawn, killing at least 17 people as they slept.
    (AP, 7/15/06)
2006        Jul 15, In Karachi, Pakistan, hundreds of youths set fire to a Pizza Hut, two gas stations and a dozen vehicles after a funeral for an Islamic Shiite cleric killed in a suicide attack.
    (AP, 7/15/06)
2006        Jul 15, In St. Petersburg, Russia, world leaders tore up a carefully prepared G8 summit agenda and turned their attention to a growing crisis in the Middle East, hoping to reach common ground on ways to stop the fighting. About 150 protesters faced off with police as they tried to exercise their right of assembly.
    (AP, 7/15/06)
2006        Jul 15, The UN Security Council unanimously passed resolution 1718 condemning North Korea's multiple missile launches on July 5 and imposed limited sanctions; a defiant North said it would launch more missiles.
    (AP, 7/16/07)(Econ, 2/28/09, p.63)

2007        Jul 15, The Los Angeles Times reported that about 45 percent of all foreign militants targeting US troops and Iraqi security forces were from Saudi Arabia, 15 percent from Syria and Lebanon, and 10 percent from North Africa.
    (AFP, 7/15/07)
2007        Jul 15, In SF 2 coyotes, a male and female, were shot and killed in Golden Gate Park following recent attacks on leashed dogs.
    (SFC, 7/17/07, p.D1)
2007        Jul 15, In Cheyenne, Wyoming, Robin Munis was shot in the head just after midnight Saturday as she sang with the classic rock and country group Ty and the Twisters. Police searched for David Munis (36), a National Guardsman with sniper training who they suspect shot his wife. Police located David Munis’ pickup truck the next in rural Albany County. As they closed in on the suspect and called for him to surrender, Munis shot himself in the chest. He was flown to Laramie, Wyoming, where he was pronounced dead on July 18th.
    (AP, 7/15/07)(http://tinyurl.com/6669k3)
2007        Jul 15, A roadside bomb killed six Afghans working for a Western security company in the east of the country.
    (Reuters, 7/15/07)
2007        Jul 15, Antun Gudelj (59), a Croatian man charged with killing three police officials in the early days of the 1991 Serb-Croat war, was extradited from Australia to Croatia to face a new trial after an earlier pardon.
    (AP, 7/15/07)
2007        Jul 15, Botswana's President Festus Mogae (67) announced that he is to stand down next year after a decade at the helm of the diamond-rich southern African nation.
    (AFP, 7/15/07)
2007        Jul 15, Britain released without charge 2 suspects in the failed car bomb attacks in London and Glasgow last month.
    (AFP, 7/15/07)
2007        Jul 15, JCDecaux launched a bike rental system in Paris.
    (Econ, 9/22/07, p.76)
2007        Jul 15, A minister said India's southern coastal Kerala state was reeling from an outbreak of mosquito-borne Chikungunya viral fever infections that have claimed 193 lives. Chikungunya, transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito, was first detected in 1955 in Africa and last year caused the deaths of some 200 people on the French Indian ocean island of Reunion. Federal health minister Anbumani Ramadoss told parliament last year that some 1.1 million Indians were infected with Chikungunya.
    (AFP, 7/16/07)
2007        Jul 15, A car bomb packed with explosives detonated in a central Baghdad square, killing 10 people and wounding 25. At least 18 other people were killed including 7 border guards in the northern Kani Khal area and 8 in shootings in the northern cities of Mosul and Kirkuk and several areas south of Baghdad. 22 bullet-riddled bodies were found dumped in various locations of Baghdad, apparently the latest victims of sectarian violence.
    (AP, 7/15/07)(AP, 7/16/07)
2007        Jul 15, Mahmoud Darwish, the world's most recognized Palestinian poet, delivered a stinging tirade against Palestinian infighting in his first public appearance in decades in the Israeli city of Haifa.
    (AP, 7/16/07)
2007        Jul 15, Typhoon Man-yi, one of the most powerful storms to hit Japan in decades, headed away from Tokyo after leaving four people dead or missing.
    (AFP, 7/15/07)
2007        Jul 15, A Libyan foundation confirmed that families of Libyan children infected with AIDS have accepted compensation topping 460 million dollars, which could lead to a death sentence on six foreign medics being lifted.
    (AFP, 7/15/07)
2007        Jul 15, Militants holed up in a Palestinian refugee camp in north Lebanon fired more rockets that landed in farm fields outside the camp as the army bombarded suspected hideouts inside the besieged settlement. Politicians from Lebanon's divided factions held a second day of talks in France to try to ease 8 months of deadlock.
    (AP, 7/15/07)(AFP, 7/15/07)
2007        Jul 15, North Korea confirmed it has shut its nuclear reactor that provides the secretive state with material to make weapons-grade plutonium.
    (Reuters, 7/15/07)
2007        Jul 15, Militants in northwest Pakistan disavowed a peace pact with the government. Suicide attacks and a roadside bomb together killed 44 people and wounded more than 100.
    (AP, 7/15/07)
2007        Jul 15, Marina Pisareva (47), the deputy head of a small Russian division of German media company Bertelsmann AG, was found dead at her summer house near Moscow, possibly stabbed with her own dagger.
    (AP, 7/16/07)
2007        Jul 15, Spanish officials said police investigating a child pornography ring have arrested 66 people and seized computer hard drives containing 48 million photographs and video images. The nationwide sweep came after a 10-month investigation.
    (AP, 7/15/07)
2007        Jul 15, UN and African Union representatives gathered in Tripoli to evaluate Darfur.
    (AP, 7/15/07)

2008        Jul 15, US Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke told Congress the fragile economy is facing "numerous difficulties" including persistent strains in financial markets, rising joblessness and housing problems — despite the Fed's aggressive interest rate reductions and other fortifying steps.
    (AP, 7/15/08)
2008        Jul 15, The SEC said it would immediately move to curb improper short selling in Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac as well as those of 17 financial firms. The move would be effective July 21 and expire after 30 days. The SEC also planned to consider extending the requirements to all stocks traded in the US.
    (WSJ, 7/16/08, p.A1)
2008        Jul 15, Mei Ling Chen (46) of Taiwan was arrested in Sunnyvale, Ca., after customs inspectors at SF Int’l. Airport found $380,000 in counterfeit $100 bills in a package of dried seafood.
    (SFC, 7/18/08, p.B11)
2008        Jul 15, Robin Long (25), a US Army deserter who had fled to Canada in 2005, was deported from British Columbia back to the US.
    (SFC, 7/16/08, p.A9)
2008        Jul 15, General Motors Corp. said it will lay off salaried workers, cut truck production, suspend its dividend and borrow $2 billion to $3 billion to weather a severe downturn in the US market.
    (AP, 7/15/08)
2008        Jul 15, Volkswagen announced that it would build a $1 billion car plant in Chattanooga, Tenn., and expected to open it as soon as 2011.
    (WSJ, 7/30/08, p.C10)(www.youtube.com/watch?v=IiFdSOp19gU)
2008        Jul 15, It was reported that Hawaii’s Oahu island planned to export some 100,000 tons of trash a year to the mainland. At current rates its 200-acre municipal landfill would reach capacity in 15 years. Expanded recycling and a new boiler were also in the works.
    (WSJ, 7/15/08, p.A2)
2008        Jul 15, In California 2 vehicles collided on a bridge and fell into the Delta-Mendota Canal near Westley. 6 farm workers and a septic truck driver died.
    (SFC, 7/16/08, p.B3)(SFC, 7/17/08, p.B2)
2008        Jul 15, Gee Gee Engesser (b.19126), animal trainer and “Blond Bombshell” of the circus, died in Florida.
    (WSJ, 8/23/08, p.A7)
2008        Jul 15, In southwestern Afghanistan air strikes against extremist rebels killed 4 women and 5 children as well as several insurgents. NATO pulled soldiers out of the outpost in Wanat village in northeastern Kunar province, which militants had breached killing 9 US soldiers.
    (AP, 7/16/08)
2008        Jul 15, Tens of thousands of Argentine farmers and government supporters staged dueling protests ahead of a Senate vote on a package of grain-export taxes that generated months of bitter farm strikes.
    (AP, 7/15/08)
2008        Jul 15, In Australia the world's biggest Christian festival opened with a spectacular harbor-side mass for up to 150,000 pilgrims taking part in World Youth Day celebrations in Sydney headed by Pope Benedict XVI.
    (AP, 7/15/08)
2008        Jul 15, Belgium PM Yves Leterme offered King Albert the resignation of his government after he acknowledged he would not make a deadline for a constitutional reform deal despite months of talks. He offered to resign after realizing it would be impossible to resolve deep divisions over increased autonomy for French- and Dutch-speaking Belgians.
    (AP, 7/15/08)
2008        Jul 15, Tropical Storm Bertha headed back out over open ocean and away from the US mainland after it battered Bermuda, knocking out electricity to thousands on the Atlantic tourist island. Bertha entered its 13th day becoming the longest-lived July tropical storm in history.
    (AP, 7/15/08)
2008        Jul 15, China voiced concern over an International Criminal Court prosecutor's decision to seek an arrest warrant for Sudan's president on charges of genocide in the African country's war-torn Darfur region.
    (AP, 7/15/08)
2008        Jul 15, Croatia adopted a law that allows Sunday shopping only over the summer and Christmas holidays. It goes into effect January 1. The law also allows stores in gas, bus and train stations to open on Sundays year-round, along with those in hospitals. Bakeries, newsstands and flower shops are also exempt from the ban.
    (AP, 7/16/08)
2008        Jul 15, The EU agreed to an emergency aid package for its fishing industry to cope with fuel prices.
    (WSJ, 7/17/08, p.A8)
2008        Jul 15, In eastern India at least 20 members of a wedding party were killed when the jeep carrying them plunged into a roadside canal outside Patna, the capital of Bihar state.
    (AP, 7/15/08)
2008        Jul 15, Indonesia's president acknowledged that his country carried out gross human rights abuses during East Timor's 1999 break for independence, but stopped short of offering a full apology and said no one would be prosecuted.
    (AP, 7/15/08)
2008        Jul 15, In Iraq 2 suicide bombers blew themselves up in a crowd of army recruits at the Saad military camp in Baqouba, where devastating attacks persist despite security improvements elsewhere. At least 28 people died. In western Mosul, a bomb near an Iraqi police station killed four Iraqi civilians. Half an hour later, one Iraqi police officer and seven civilians died in a suicide car bombing in the east of the city. Three other bombs in Mosul wounded 15 people. The US military said it had captured the Iranian-trained leader of an explosives cell in Baghdad.
    (AP, 7/15/08)
2008        Jul 15, Israel's Cabinet overwhelmingly approved an emotionally charged deal to trade a Lebanese militant convicted of killing three people for two Israeli soldiers captured by Hezbollah guerrillas and believed to be dead. Israeli troops arrested three Hamas council members in a dawn raid on the West Bank city of Nablus. Witnesses and residents said a total of 12 Hamas members were arrested.
    (AP, 7/15/08)
2008        Jul 15, In Italy a judge in Venice indicted Saber Fadhil Hussein for plotting a terrorist attack on US bases in Iraq using ultra-light aircraft.
    (SFC, 7/16/08, p.A9)
2008        Jul 15, Fishermen across Japan went on a massive one-day strike to protest skyrocketing fuel prices, the latest blow to the country's foundering fishing industry.
    (AP, 7/15/08)
2008        Jul 15, Malaysian police issued an arrest warrant for opposition leader Anwar Ibrahim in connection with a sodomy accusation by a male former aide.
    (AP, 7/15/08)
2008        Jul 15, In South Korea Won Jeong-hwa (34) was arrested and later confessed that she was a spy trained and commissioned by North Korea's intelligence agency. On Oct 15 she was sentenced to five years in prison for spying.
    (AP, 8/27/08)(AP, 10/15/08)
2008        Jul 15, A plan for a referendum on self-determination in Spain's northern Basque Country became law in the region, setting the stage for a confrontation with the government in Madrid which has termed the poll illegal.
    (AP, 7/15/08)
2008        Jul 15, In Sri Lanka fighting reportedly killed a total of 51 rebels and a soldier.
    (AP, 7/16/08)
2008        Jul 15, In Switzerland Hannibal Kadhafi (32), the son of Libya’s leader, was arrested along with his wife Aline at a luxury hotel in Geneva after the servants, a Moroccan and a Tunisian, alleged they had been abused by the couple. The 2-day detention led to reprisals by Libya. Days after Hannibal Kadhafi’s arrest, Swiss businessmen Max Goeldi and Rachid Hamdani were detained in Libya on alleged visa violations. The servants later dropped their legal complaints after receiving some compensation. In November, 2009, Goeldi and Hamdani were handed over to the Swiss embassy in Tripoli. Libya then announced that they would go on trial on accusations of tax evasion and violating residency laws.
    (AP, 9/2/08)(AP, 11/9/09)(AP, 11/12/09)
2008        Jul 15, Taiwan indicted 5 former ministers, who had served under former Pres. Chen Shui-bian, on corruption charges relating to misuse of special expense accounts.
    (SFC, 7/16/08, p.A15)
2008        Jul 15, Turkey’s military said aircraft and artillery units had shelled rebel positions in Sirnak province, killing 22 rebels.
    (AP, 7/15/08)

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