Today in History - August 25

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79CE        Aug 25, Gaius Plinius Secundus, [Plinius Maior], Roman admiral, writer, died in the eruption of Mount Vesuvius. [see Aug 24]
    (MC, 8/25/02)

325        Aug 25, Council of Nicaea ended with adoption of the Nicene Creed establishing the doctrine of the Holy Trinity. The Council also decreed that priests cannot marry after their ordination.
    (MC, 8/25/02)(SFC, 3/16/02, p.A3)

383        Aug 25, Flavius Gratianus (25), Emperor of Rome (375-383), was murdered.
    (MC, 8/25/02)

357        Aug 25, Flavius Claudius Julianus, the cousin of Constantius, beat the Alamanni in a Battle at Strasbourg. Chonodomarius was caught.
    (PCh, 1992, p.48)(HN, 8/25/99)

882        Aug 25, Louis III (19), King of France (879-82), died.
    (MC, 8/25/02)

1212        Aug 25, Children's crusaders under Nicolas (10) reached Genoa.
    (MC, 8/25/02)

1270        Aug 25, King Louis IX (56), King of France (1226-70), died on The Eighth Crusade, which was decimated by the Plague.
    (PCh, 1992, p.114)(V.D.-H.K.p.110)(MC, 8/25/02)

1330        Aug 25,   Anti-Pope Nicolaas V overthrew himself.
    (MC, 8/25/02)

1346        Aug 25, Edward III of England defeated Philip VI's army at the Battle of Crecy in France. The English overcame the French at the Battle of Crecy. The longbow proved instrumental in the victory as French knights on horseback outnumbered the British 3 to 1. At the end of the battle 1,542 French lords and knights were killed along with 20,000 soldiers. The English lost 2 knights and 80 men. [see Aug 26]
    (WSJ, 8/3/98, p.A12)(HN, 8/25/98)

1425        Aug 25,   Countess Jacoba of Bavaria escaped from jail.
    (chblue.com, 8/25/01)

1499        Aug 25, Battle at Sapienza: An Ottoman fleet beat Venetians.
    (chblue.com, 8/25/01)

1530        Aug 25, Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible), 1st tsar of Russia (1533-84), was born.
    (MC, 8/25/02)(http://www.ilstu.edu/~jmalli1/)

1540        Aug 25, Explorer Hernando de Alarcon traveled up the Colorado River.
    (MC, 8/25/02)

1566        Aug 25, Iconoclastic fury began in the Dutch province of Utrecht. Fanatical Calvinists instigated religious riots in the Netherlands.
    (chblue.com, 8/25/01)(TL-MB, 1988, p.21)

1580        Aug 25, Spain defeated Portugal in the Battle of Alcantara.
    (chblue.com, 8/25/01)

1609        Aug 25, Galileo demonstrated his 1st telescope to Venetian lawmakers. Galileo Galilei had improved the newly invented telescope and pointed it at the moon.
    (V.D.-H.K.p.200)(Econ, 8/15/09, p.12)

1628        Aug 25, There was as assault on sultan of Mantarams of Batavia (the former name of Djakarta, Indonesia).
    (chblue.com, 8/25/01)(WUD, 1994 p.420)

1689        Aug 25, Battle at Charleroi: Spanish and English armies chased the French.
    (MC, 8/25/02)
1689        Aug 25, The Iroquois took Montreal.
    (MC, 8/25/02)

1698        Aug 25, Czar Peter the Great returned to Moscow after his trip through West-Europe.
    (MC, 8/25/02)

1718        Aug 25, Hundreds of French colonists arrived in Louisiana, with some of them settling in present-day New Orleans.
    (AP, 8/25/97)

1744        Aug 25, Johann G. von Herder, German philosopher, theologist, poet, was born.
    (MC, 8/25/02)

1758        Aug 25, The Prussian army defeated the invading Russians at the Battle of Zorndorf. Thousands were killed.
    (HN, 8/25/98)(chblue.com, 8/25/01)

1765        Aug 25, In protest over the stamp tax, American colonists sacked and burned the home of Massachusetts governor Thomas Hutchinson. In 1774 he was exiled to Britain. In 1974 Bernard Bailyn authored “The Ordeal of Thomas Hutchinson.”
    (HN, 8/25/98)(WSJ, 8/25/07, p.P9)

1786        Aug 25, Ludwig I (d.1868), King of Bavaria, was born. He later had an affair with international courtesan, Lola Montez.
    (MC, 8/25/02)

1789        Aug 25, Mary Ball Washington, mother of George, died.
    (MC, 8/25/02)

1802        Aug 25, Toussaint L'Ouverture was imprisoned in Fort de Joux, Jura, France.
    (MC, 8/25/02)

1804        Aug 25, In England Alice Meynell became the 1st woman jockey.
    (chblue.com, 8/25/01)

1814        Aug 25, British forces destroyed the Library of Congress, containing some 3,000 books.
    (MC, 8/25/02)

1819        Aug 25, Allan Pinkerton (d.1884) was born in Glasgow, Scotland. He fled Scotland in 1842 to avoid capture for his involvement with the revolutionary group called the Chartists. He later founded a Chicago detective agency and worked as Abe Lincoln's bodyguard.
    (www.crimelibrary.com/gangsters2/pinkerton/)
1819        Aug 25, Scotsman James Watt (b.1736), Scottish inventor, died. His 1775 improved steam engine advanced coal mining and made the Industrial Revolution possible.
    (ON, 6/10, p.5)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt)

1822        Aug 25, F. William Herschel (85), German astronomer (discovered Uranus), died.
    (MC, 8/25/02)

1825        Aug 25, Uruguay declared its independence from Brazil.
    (AP, 8/25/97)

1829        Aug 25, Pres. Jackson made an offer to buy Texas, but the Mexican government refused.
    (chblue.com, 8/25/01)

1830        Aug 25, The "Tom Thumb" steam locomotive, designed by Peter Cooper, ran its famous race with a horse-drawn car. The horse won because the engine, which had been ahead, broke down. [see Sep 18]
    (HN, 8/25/98)(ON, 1/01, p.12)
1830        Aug 25, Belgium rebelled against Netherlands.
    (chblue.com, 8/25/01)

1835        Aug 25, Ann Rutledge (22), said to be Lincoln's true love, died in Ill.
    (MC, 8/25/02)

1836         Aug 25, Bret Harte (d.1902), American author and journalist (Outcasts of Poker Flat), was born in Albany, NY. "The only sure thing about luck is that it will change." [1839 also given as a birth date]
    (WUD, 1994 p.648)(AP, 4/2/98)(SFEC, 9/3/00, BR p.6)

1845        Aug 25, Ludwig II (d.1886), King of Bavaria (1864-86), was born at Nymphenburg. He was also called the "Mad King" for his extravagant castles.
    (HN, 1/7/99)(SFEC, 4/9/00, p.T4)(MC, 8/25/02)

1857        Aug 25, The California gold rush town of Columbia burned down in a 2nd fire that was blamed on a Chinese cook. Miners soon evicted all Chinese from the town.
    (SFEM, 3/12/00, p.T6)(CVG, Vol 16, p.24,34)

1862        Aug 25, US Secretary of War authorized Gen. Rufus Saxton to arm 5,000 slaves.
    (chblue.com, 8/25/01)
1862        Aug 25, Union and Confederate troops skirmished at Waterloo Bridge, Virginia, during the Second Bull Run Campaign.
    (HN, 8/25/98)

1864        Aug 25, Confederate General A.P. Hill pushed back Union General Winfield Scott Hancock from Reams Station where his army had spent several days destroying railroad tracks. With Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia stubbornly clinging to Petersburg, Ulysses S. Grant decided to cut its vital rail lines. To perform the surgery, he selected one of the North's proven heroes--'Hancock the Superb.'
    (HN, 8/25/98)
1864        Aug 25, A combination rail and ferry service became available from SF to Alameda, Ca.
    (chblue.com, 8/25/01)

1867        Aug 25, Michael Faraday (b.1791), discoverer of electromagnetic induction (1831), died. In 2004 James Hamilton authored “A Life of Discovery: Michael Faraday, Giant of the Scientific Revolution.”
    (www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/faraday_michael.shtml)(WSJ, 12/14/04, p.D10)

1875        Aug 25, Captain Matthew Webb (1848-1883) became the first person to swim across the English Channel, traveling from Dover, England, to Calais, France, in 21 hours and 45 min. Swimming the Channel entails about 35 miles of swimming due to currents in waters that are 55 to 65 degrees Fahrenheit.
    (AP, 8/25/97)(HN, 8/25/98)(ON, 2/05, p.12)

1880        Aug 25, Robert E. Stolz (d.1976), Austrian composer, conductor, was born. He initially auditioned under Johann Strauss and later became conductor at the Theater-an-der-Wien.
    (WSJ, 12/28/99, p.A16)(MC, 8/25/02)

1891        Aug 25, Luis Iruarrizaga Aguirre, composer, was born.
    (MC, 8/25/02)

1900        Aug 25, Philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche (55) died in Weimar, Germany. In 1999 Ronald Taylor translated into English the book "Nietzsche and Wagner" by Joachim Köhler. In 2002 Taylor translated Joachim Kohler’s "Zarathustra’s Secret: The Interior Life of Friedrich Nietzsche." In 2004 Georges Liebert authored "Nietzsche and Music."
    (WSJ, 2/4/99, p.A20)(AP, 8/25/00)(SSFC, 6/9/02, p.M5)(WSJ, 1/28/04, p.D6)

1901        Aug 25, Clara Maass (25), army nurse, sacrificed her life to prove that the mosquito carries yellow fever.
    (MC, 8/25/02)

1908        Aug 25, The National Association of Colored Nurses was formed.
    (chblue.com, 8/25/01)

1909        Aug 25, Ruby Keeler, dancer (Dames, 42nd Street), was born in Halifax, NS.
    (MC, 8/25/02)

1911        Aug 25, Jacopo Napoli, composer, was born.
    (MC, 8/25/02)

1912        Aug 25,  An aircraft recovered from a spin for the 1st time.
    (chblue.com, 8/25/01)
1912        Aug 25,  Different nationalities battled with each other in Macedonia.
    (chblue.com, 8/25/01)

1913        Aug 25, Walt Kelly, cartoonist who created the comic strip "Pogo," was born.
    (HN, 8/25/98)

1914        Aug 25, German army began 6 week plundering of Leuven, Belgium. German Zeppelins bombed Antwerp, Belgium, and 10 died.
    (MC, 8/25/02)
1914        Aug 25, German troops marched into France and pushed the French army to the Sedan.
    (MC, 8/25/02)

1916        Aug 25, The National Park Service was established within the Department of the Interior by the Organic Act. Horace Albright and Stephen Mather helped persuade the US Congress to establish the organization.
    (AP, 8/25/97)(www.nps.gov/legacy/organic-act.htm)(http://tinyurl.com/mr6gc)
1916        Aug 25, Erich Von Stroheim Jr, actor, director (Napoleon, Sunset Blvd), was born.
    (MC, 8/25/02)
1916        Aug 25, Van Johnson (d.2008), film actor, was born in Newport, RI.
    (SFC, 12/13/08, p.A5)

1918        Aug 25, Leonard Bernstein, conductor and composer who initiated the television series "Young People's Concerts," was born in Lawrence, MA.
    (WUD, 1994, p.141)(HN, 8/25/98)(MC, 8/25/02)

1919        Aug 25, George C. Wallace, governor of Alabama and presidential candidate who led the fight to keep segregation in the South, was born in Clio, Ala.
    (HN, 8/25/98)(MC, 8/25/02)
1919        Aug 25, The 1st scheduled passenger service by airplane between Paris and London.
    (MC, 8/25/02)

1921        Aug 25, Brian Moore, Irish novelist, was born. His work included "The Lonely Passion of Judith Hearne."
    (HN, 8/25/00)
1921        Aug 25, The United States, which never ratified the Versailles Treaty ending World War I, finally signed a peace treaty with Germany.
    (AP, 8/25/97)(HN, 8/25/98)

1924        Aug 25,  An international maritime treaty was drawn.
    (chblue.com, 8/25/01)

1925        Aug 25, Asa Philip Randolph (36) began to organize the Pullman Sleeping Car Porters’ Union.
    (PCh, 1992, p.768)(HN, 8/25/98)(SFC, 12/3/98, p.A3)
1925        Aug 25,  Last Belgian troops vacated Duisburg.
    (chblue.com, 8/25/01)
1925        Aug 25, Uruguay became independent.
    (HFA, '96, p.36)

1926        Aug 25,  Pavlos Kountouriotis became president of Greece.
    (www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWpavlos.htm)
1926        Aug 25, Thomas Moran (b.1837), American painter, was born in Bolton, England. His paintings of Yellowstone helped persuade Congress to designate it a national park. Moran painted "The Valley of the Cuernavaca." The painting was stolen around 1975 from the National Museum of American Art in Washington DC. It was recovered in 1995 at an auction house not far from the museum. Moran was best known for works on the Grand Canyon and Yellowstone National Park. Steven Good in Denver compiled a catalogue raisonne on Moran and verified the above work.
    (WSJ, 5/11/95, p. A-14)(SFC,10/15/97, p.D3)

1927        Aug 25, Althea Gibson (d.2003), Wimbledon's 1st black tennis champion (1957), was born in Silver, SC.
    (HN, 8/25/98)(WSJ, 9/29/03, p.A1)

1928        Aug 25, An expedition led by Richard E. Byrd set sail from Hoboken, N.J., on its journey to Antarctica.
    (AP, 8/25/08)

1929        Aug 25, Graf Zeppelin passed over SF for LA following a trans-Pacific voyage.
    (SSFC, 8/22/04, p.F8)

1930        Aug 25, Sean Connery, Scottish actor famous for playing the character James Bond in the Ian Flemming movie series, was born in Edinburgh, Scotland. Connery is well noted actor as James Bond in many of the Bond movies.  He has acted in more serious film roles since retiring from the 007 series which won him great accolades including an Oscar (Academy Award-winning actor: The  Untouchables [1987]; The Rock, First Knight, The Hunt  for Red October, Highlander, Rising Sun, Outland, The  Longest Day; "Bond. James Bond.": Dr. No, From Russia with  Love, Goldfinger, Thunderball, You Only Live Twice, Diamonds  are Forever)
    (HN, 8/25/98)(MC, 8/25/02)
1930        Aug 25, Siegfried Wagner (61), conductor, composer, son of Richard Wagner, died.
    (MC, 8/25/02)

1931        Aug 25, Regis Philbin, later TV host (Who Wants to be a Millionaire), was born in NYC.
    (SSFC, 12/31/06, Par p.22)

1932        Aug 25, Anatoli Yakovlevich Kartashov, Russian cosmonaut, was born.
    (MC, 8/25/02)
1932        Aug 25,  Amelia Earhart completed a transcontinental flight.
    (chblue.com, 8/25/01)

1933        Aug 25, Wayne Shorter, jazz saxophonist and composer, was born.
    (HN, 8/25/00)
1933        Aug 25, Tom Skerritt, actor (Ryan's Four, Alien, Big Bad Mama, Pickett Fences), was born in Detroit, Mich.
    (MC, 8/25/02)

1937        Aug 25, Pullman signed a contract with the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, one of the first substantive victories for black workers. [see Oct 1]
    (SFC, 12/3/98, p.A3)
1937        Aug 25, Japanese fleet blockaded the Chinese coast.
    (MC, 8/25/02)

1938        Aug 25, Frederick Forsyth, author of thrillers, was born. His work included "The Day of the Jackal" (1971) and "The Odessa File."
    (HN, 8/25/00)

1940        Aug 25, The first parachute wedding ceremony was performed by Rev. Homer Tomlinson at the New York City World’s Fair for Arno Rudolphi and Ann Hayward. The minister, bride and groom, best man, maid of honor and four musicians were all suspended from parachutes.
    (HN, 8/25/00)
1940        Aug 25, Jose Van Dam, bass-baritone, was born in Brussels, Belgium.
    (MC, 8/25/02)
1940        Aug 25, The 1st (British) night bombing of Germany was over Berlin.
    (MC, 8/25/02)

1941        Aug 25, British and Soviet forces entered Iran, opening up a route to supply the Soviet Union.
    (HN, 8/25/98)
1941        Aug 25, German troops conquered Novgorod, Leningrad.
    (MC, 8/25/02)

1942        Aug 25,  German SS began transporting Jews of Maastricht, Neth.
    (chblue.com, 8/25/01)
1942        Aug 25, W. van Daalen, opposition leader on Celebes, was beheaded.
    (MC, 8/25/02)

1943        Aug 25, U.S. forces completed the occupation of New Georgia in the Solomon Islands during World War II. Losing Hill 700 to the Japanese meant defeat for the American forces on Bougainville. To the men of the 37th Infantry Division, that was unthinkable.
    (AP, 8/25/97)(HN, 8/25/98)
1943        Aug 25, Lt. Andre Devigny (d.1999 at 82) escaped from a German prison in Lyon, France. He was sentenced to be executed on Aug 28 for assassinating the head of the Fascist Italian secret police. He was captured the next day and escaped again by diving into the Rhone River. In 1957 Robert Bresson made the film "A Man Escaped" based on his story.
    (SFC, 2/19/99, p.E2)
1943        Aug 25, Lord Mountbatten was appointed Supreme Allied Commander in SE Asia.
    (MC, 8/25/02)
1943        Aug 25,  Red Army under Gen Vatutin recaptured Achtyrka.
    (chblue.com, 8/25/01)

1944        Aug 25,  US 12th Army Corp. reached Troyes.
    (chblue.com, 8/25/01)
1944        Aug 25, Paris, occupied since June 1940, was liberated from German occupation by Free French Forces under General Jacques LeClerc and his 2nd Tank division. Although ordered by Adolf Hitler to leave Paris a smoldering ruin, Paris' military governor Major General Dietrich von Cholitz lied to his superiors and left the city's landmarks intact. Retreating German troops massacred 124 of Maille's 500 residents then razed the town, possibly in retaliation for Resistance action in the region.
    (AP, 8/25/97)(HNPD, 8/25/98)(HN, 8/25/98)(AP, 7/16/08)
1944        Aug 25, In France 11 US planes were shot down when a squadron was overwhelmed in a dogfight with 80 German fighters. 5 pilots survived and eluded capture. 2 pilots were captured. The remains of 3 missing were later recovered. In 2008 the remains of Army Air Force 2nd Lt. Ray Packard were identified and returned home.
    (SSFC, 11/16/08, p.B8)
1944        Aug 25, Romania declared war on Germany.
    (AP, 8/25/99)

1945        Aug 25, John Birch, Baptist missionary and US army intelligence specialist, was killed by Chinese Communists. His death is considered the first US death in the struggle against communism.
    (MC, 8/25/02)
1945        Aug 25,  Jewish immigrants were permitted to leave Mauritius for Palestine.
    (chblue.com, 8/25/01)

1947        Aug 25, Marion Carl, US Navy test pilot, set a world speed record of 651 mph in a D-558-I at Muroc Field (later Edwards AFB), Ca. He was shot to death in Oregon by a house robber in 1998 at age 82.
    (SFC, 6/30/98, p.A3)(chblue.com, 8/25/01)

1949        Aug 25, Martin Amis, English novelist, was born. His work included "Money, Time’s Arrow."
    (HN, 8/25/00)
1949        Aug 25, Gene Simmons, musician (group: Kiss: Rock and Roll All Nite, Beth, I Was Made For Lovin' You, Forever; actor: Red Surf,  Runaway, Wanted Dead or Alive), was born.
    (MC, 8/25/02)

1950        Aug 25, President Truman ordered the Army to seize control of the nation’s railroads to avert a strike. The railroads were returned to their owners 2 years later.
    (AP, 8/25/97)(SFC, 10/4/02, p.A17)

1955        Aug 25, Elvis Costello (Declan McManus), musician, songwriter (I'm Not Angry, Less than Zero, Watching the Detectives,  Clubland, Oliver's Army, Every Day I Write the Book, I'm  Your Toy, Party, Party, So Young), was born.
    (MC, 8/25/02)
1955        Aug 25, Last Soviet forces left Austria.
    (MC, 8/25/02)

1956        Aug 25, Alfred C. Kinsey (62), US human sexuality researcher (Kinsey Report), died in Bloomington, Ind.
    (TOH, 1982, p.1956)(AP, 8/25/06)
1956        Aug 25, In South Africa the government ordered over 100,000 non-whites to leave their homes in Johannesburg within a year, in order to make room for whites.
    (EWH, 1968, p.1232)

1957        Aug 25, Prince Suvanna Phuma formed a government in LAOS with the Pathet Lao.
    (MC, 8/25/02)

1958        Aug 25,  The game show "Concentration" premiered on NBC-TV.
    (AP, 8/25/08)
1958        Aug 25, President Eisenhower signed a measure providing pensions for former U.S. presidents and their widows.
    (AP, 8/25/08)
1958        Aug 25, Momofuku Ando (48), head of Japan’s Nissin Food Products, announced that he had finally perfected his flash-frying method and therefore invented the instant noodle.
    (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Momofuku_Ando)

1960        Aug 25,  The 17th summer Olympics opened in Rome. Wilma Rudolph (1940-1994), was the first African American to win three gold medals in a single Olympiad. Her athleticism was remarkable since Rudolph contracted polio as a small child and spent six years in a steel brace. With therapy and hard work, Rudolph overcame her handicap to excel in basketball and track. As a celebrity, she worked to break many gender and racial barriers. Rudolph died of brain cancer.
    (WSJ, 7/19/96, p.R6)(HN, 6/23/98)(chblue.com, 8/25/01)
1960        Aug 25,  AFL began placing players names on back of their jerseys.
    (chblue.com, 8/25/01)
1960        Aug 25,  In Congo demonstrations took place against premier Lumumba.
    (chblue.com, 8/25/01)

1961        Aug 25,  Brazilian president Janio Quadros resigned.
    (chblue.com, 8/25/01)

1962        Aug 25,  USSR performed a nuclear test at Novaya Zemlya, Eastern Kazakh, Semipalitinsk.
    (chblue.com, 8/25/01)

1964        Aug 25,  Singapore limited imports from Netherlands due to Indonesian aggression.
    (chblue.com, 8/25/01)

1967        Aug 25, Beatles went to Wales to study TM with Maharishi Mahesh Yogi.
    (MC, 8/25/02)
1967        Aug 25, George Lincoln Rockwell (b.1918), founder of the American Nazi Party, was shot to death in the parking lot of a shopping center in Arlington, Va. Former party member John Patler (29) was later convicted of the killing. In 1999 Frederick J. Simonelli authored “American Fuehrer” George Lincoln Rockwell and the American Nazi Party.”
    (AP, 8/25/07)(AH, 2/06, p.60,64)
1967        Aug 25,  Paraguay accepted its constitution.
    (chblue.com, 8/25/01)

1968        Aug 25, Arthur Ashe became the 1st black to win US tennis singles championship.
    (chblue.com, 8/25/01)
1968        Aug 25, Seven dissidents (Larisa Bogoraz (d.2004), Pavel Litvinov, Konstantin Babitskii, Nataliya Gorbanevskaya, Viktor Fainberg, Vadim Delone and Vladimir Dremlyuga) came out in the Red Square to protest against the invasion of the soviet troops in Czechoslovakia and paid for it with years of lagers, exile and "special" mental hospitals.
    (Internet)(SFC, 4/8/04, p.B7)

1970        Aug 25, Claudia Schiffer, German fashion model, was born.
    (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claudia_Schiffer)

1973        Aug 25,  France performed a nuclear test at Muruora Island.
    (www.atomicforum.org/france/1973.html)
1973        Aug 25,  Zambia adopted a constitution.
    (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Zambia)

1979        Aug 25, "Madwoman of Central Park West" closed at 22 Steps in NYC after 86 performances.
    (www.sondheimguide.com/other.html)
1979        Aug 25, Stan Kenton (b.1911), orchestra leader (Music 55), died.
    (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_Kenton)
1979        Aug 25, Cannie Bullock (8) of San Pablo, Ca., was raped and killed. DNA evidence in 2002 identified Joseph Cordova Jr., inmate in a Colorado prison, as the murderer. In 2007 Cordova was sentenced to death.
    (SFC, 12/4/02, p.A1)(SFC, 5/12/07, p.B2)
1979        Aug 25,  Somalia adopted a 2nd constitution. The first was adopted in 1961 following independence.
    (www.pogar.org/countries/country.asp?cid=17)

1980        Aug 25, The Broadway musical "42nd Street" opened in NYC for 3486 performances. Producer David Merrick stunned both cast and audience during the curtain call by announcing that the show’s director, Gower Champion, had died earlier that day.
    (AP, 8/25/00)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/42nd_Street_(musical))
1980        Aug 25, Gower Champion (b.1919), director, dancer (Marge & Gower Champion Show), died.
    (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gower_Champion)

1981        Aug 25, The US spacecraft Voyager 2 came within 63,000 miles of Saturn's cloud cover, sending back pictures and data about the ringed planet and its moons.
    (AP, 8/25/97)(http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/science/planetary.html)

1983        Aug 25, The US and USSR signed a $10 billion grain pact.
    (http://tinyurl.com/2twapx)
1983        Aug 25, The French cultural center in West Berlin was bombed. One person was killed and 23 injured. The attack was attributed to Carlos the Jackal, aka Ilich Ramirez Sanchez.
    (SFC,12/11/97, p.C2)(http://lists.jammed.com/IWAR/1997/12/0117.html)

1984        Aug 25, Truman Capote (59), American novelist, playwright, and short story writer, died in the arms and guest bedroom of Johnny Carson’s ex-wife, Joanne. His autobiographical novella, "The Grass Harp," was made into a film directed by Walter Matthau in 1996. He also authored "Other Voices, Other Rooms," and "Breakfast At Tiffany’s." In 1997 George Plimpton published his biography: "Truman Capote." In 2004 Gerald Clarke edited: “Too Brief a Treat: The Letters of Truman Capote.”
    (SFC, 10/11/96, p.C3)(WSJ, 12/11/97, p.A21)(SFEC,12/14/97, p.D9)(AP, 8/25/99)(SSFC, 9/19/04, p.M3)
1984        Aug 25,  The USSR performed an underground nuclear test.
    (www.iss.niiit.ru/ksenia/catal_nt/3_10.htm)

1985        Aug 25,  STS 51-I was scrubbed at T –9 min because of an onboard computer problem.
    (chblue.com, 8/25/01)
1985        Aug 25, Samantha Smith, the schoolgirl whose letter to Yuri V. Andropov resulted in her famous peace tour of the Soviet Union, was killed with her father in an airplane crash in Maine.
    (AP, 8/25/97)

1987        Aug 25, Dow Jones industrial stock avg. reached a record 2722.42.
    (http://tinyurl.com/sxcm9)
1987        Aug 25, Saudi Arabia denounced Iran's government as a "group of terrorists," and said its forces would deal firmly with any Iranian attempts to attack the Saudis' Muslim holy places or vast oil fields.
    (AP, 8/25/97)

1988        Aug 25, In his sharpest attack yet on the Reagan administration's drug policies, Democratic presidential nominee Michael Dukakis criticized U.S. dealings with Panama's military leader, Gen. Manuel Noriega, as "criminal."
    (AP, 8/25/98)
1988        Aug 25,  Challenger Center opened its classroom doors in Houston.
    (chblue.com, 8/25/01)
1988        Aug 25,  NASA launched space vehicle S-214.
    (chblue.com, 8/25/01)
1988        Aug 25,  Iran and Iraq began talks to end their 8 year war.
    (www.un.org/Depts/dpko/dpko/co_mission/uniimogbackgr.html)
1988        Aug 25, A major fire destroyed the historic center of Lisbon, Portugal.
    (www.reliefweb.int/rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/ACOS-64CRPV?OpenDocument)

1989        Aug 25, Rep. Barney Frank, D-Mass., acknowledged hiring a male prostitute as a personal employee, then firing him after suspecting the aide was selling sex from Frank's apartment.
    (AP, 8/25/99)
1989        Aug 25, NASA scientists received stunning photographs of Neptune and its moons from Voyager 2.
    (HN, 8/25/98)

1990        Aug 25, The United Nations gave the world’s navies the right to use force to stop vessels trading with Iraq.
    (AP, 8/25/00)

1991        Aug 25, Thousands of abortion foes rallied at a stadium in Wichita, Kan., where six weeks of anti-abortion protests led by Operation Rescue resulted in more than 2,600 arrests.
    (AP, 8/24/01)
1991        Aug 25, In the 43rd Emmy Awards: LA Law, Cheers, Kirstie Alley and Patricia Wettig won.
    (http://tinyurl.com/euw2z)
1991        Aug 25, White-Russia (Belarus) declared it's independence.
    (www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0107325.html)

1992        Aug 25, President Bush and Democrat Bill Clinton appeared separately before the American Legion in Chicago; Bush cited his World War II military service while Clinton sought to bury the controversy over his Vietnam-era draft status.
    (AP, 8/25/97)
1992        Aug 25, Hurricane Andrew thrashed the Louisiana coast.
    (AP, 8/25/97)

1993        Aug 25, The United States applied limited sanctions against China and Pakistan after concluding the Chinese had sold M-11 missile technology to the Pakistanis.
    (WSJ, 6/13/96, p.A4)(AP, 8/25/98)
1993        Aug 25, Amy Biehl, Stanford graduate and Fulbright scholar from Newport Beach, Calif., was slain while attempting to drive black friends home to Guguletu outside Cape Town. Four members of the Congress’ youth wing were arrested, convicted and sentenced to 18-year jail terms. They later requested amnesty from the Truth & Reconciliation Commission. In 1998 the 4 men convicted of Biehl’s murder were given amnesty.
    (SFC, 8/21/96, p.A8)(SFEC, 6/29/97, p.D1)(WSJ, 7/29/98, p.A1)(AP, 8/25/98)

1994        Aug 25, The US Senate passed a $30 billion crime bill, a major victory for Pres. Clinton.
    (AP, 8/25/99)

1995        Aug 25, Chinese-American human rights activist Harry Wu, safely back on US soil after two months in Chinese detention, said the spying case against him was "all lies," and vowed to seek compensation from China.
    (AP, 8/25/00)

1996        Aug 25, President Clinton began a whistle-stop train trip in Huntington, W.Va., that would take him to the Democratic National Convention in Chicago.
    (AP, 8/25/97)
1996        Aug 25, In China Dai Houying, novelist, and her niece were knifed to death in Shanghai during an apparent robbery. A former chef was later tried, convicted  and sentenced to death for the murders.
    (SFC, 8/30/96, p.E5)(SFC, 10/19/96, A12)

1997        Aug 25, It was reported that the number of mutual funds today has climbed to 2,855 funds controlling $2.13 trillion, as opposed to 1987 when there were 812 mutual funds with $241.9 billion in assets.
    (WSJ, 8/25/97, p.A1)
1997        Aug 25, The tobacco industry agreed to an $11.3 billion settlement with the state of Florida to settle a smoking-related lawsuit.
    (SFC, 8/26/97, p.A1)(AP, 8/25/98)
1997        Aug 25, Dow Corning Corp. offered $2.4 billion to settle claims from more than 200,000 women with illnesses related to silicone breast implants. 
    (SFC, 8/26/97, p.A3)(AP, 8/25/98)
1997        Aug 25, It was reported that the US government would pay 1,000 teaching hospitals not to train doctors in specialties where there is a glut.
    (WSJ, 8/25/97, p.A1)
1997        Aug 25, Prof. William Ferris, a scholar at the Univ. of Mississippi, was selected by Pres. Clinton to head the National Endowment for the Humanities.
    (SFC, 8/26/97, p.A4)
1997        Aug 25, NASA sent a Delta rocket aloft with the Ace solar observatory, Advanced Composition Explorer. The 5-year $110 million project will go into orbit at a point 1 million miles from Earth and 92 million miles from the Sun where the gravity of Earth and Sun balance.
    (SFC, 8/26/97, p.A2)
1997        Aug 25, Germany convicted 3 politicians from the defunct East German era on charges related to shootings of would-be escapees. Egon Krenz, the last leader of the East German Communist Party, was convicted along with Politburo members Guenther Kleiber and Guenther Schabowski.
    (SFC, 8/26/97, p.A8)
1997        Aug 25, From South Korea it was reported that Samsung was proceeding with plans to manufacture automobiles. Korea’s 5 auto manufacturers will increase capacity to 6 million units a year.
    (WSJ, 8/25/97, p.A1)

1998        Aug 25, Jose Antonio Llama, a member of the board of the Cuban-American National Foundation was indicted along with 6 other men for plotting to kill Fidel Castro in 1997.
    (SFC, 8/26/98, p.A3)
1998        Aug 25, In Cincinnati, Ohio, 4 boys under age 11 were charged in the sexual assault of a 7-year-old girl.
    (SFC, 8/26/98, p.A3)
1998        Aug 25, Hurricane Bonnie hit North Carolina with winds up to 115 mph.
    (SFC, 8/26/98, p.A3)
1998        Aug 25, Lewis F. Powell Jr. (90), former Supreme Court Justice (1972-1987), died in Richmond, Va. He wrote the majority opinion allowing colleges and universities to consider race among other factors in student admittance.
    (SFC, 8/26/98, p.A4)
1998        Aug 25, In Argentina Horacio Estrada, a retired navy captain, was found shot to death. Four days earlier prosecutors had begun questioning him about the 1991-1995 weapons shipments to Ecuador and Croatia.
    (SFEC, 10/25/98, p.A24)(http://tinyurl.com/9r9z7)
1998        Aug 25, In Congo Pres. Kabila declared that this day all Congolese should "take up arms, even traditional weapons -bows and arrows, spears and other things... to crush the enemy because otherwise we are going to become the slaves of these...Tutsi people."
    (SFC, 10/2/98, p.B7)
1998        Israel fired a rocket from a helicopter into Lebanon that killed guerrilla leader Hossam al-Amin. Lebanese guerrillas then fired Katyusha rockets into Israel and injured at least 19 civilians.
    (SFC, 8/26/98, p.A8)
1998          Aug 25, The Russian ruble fell 9% and the government introduced a plan to stretch out its debts.
    (SFC, 8/26/98, p.A1)
1998        Aug 25, In South Africa a bomb exploded in a Planet Hollywood restaurant in Cape Town and killed one person and injured 24. A group called Muslims Against Global Oppression claimed responsibility. One injured man died 10 days later.
    (SFC, 8/26/98, p.A8)(SFC, 9/4/98, p.D4)

1999        Aug 25, The FBI, reversing itself after six years, admitted that its agents might have fired some potentially flammable tear gas canisters on the final day of the 1993 standoff with the Branch Davidians near Waco, Texas, but said it continued to believe law enforcement agents did not start the fire which engulfed the cult’s compound.
    (AP, 8/25/00)
1999        Aug 25, It was reported that Mickey Rooney had joined animal rights activists to support legislation to outlaw "crush" videos, which depict small animals being killed by scantily clad women.
    (SFC, 8/25/99, p.C5)
1999        Aug 25, In Miami, Florida, federal agents arrested 50 American Airline workers for smuggling drugs and weapons.
    (SFC, 8/26/99, p.A1)
1999        Aug 25, In Kabul, Afghanistan, a truck bomb exploded near the residence of Mullah Mohammed Omar, leader of the Taliban, and 7 people were killed.
    (SFC, 8/26/99, p.A12)
1999        Aug 25, Gen'l. Momir Talic of Bosnia was arrested in Austria on a secret UN war crimes indictment. Talic had commanded the 1st Krajina Corps from 1992-1995.
    (SFC, 8/26/99, p.A12)
1999        Aug 25, In Kyrgyzstan Boris Yeltsin met with Jiang Zemin to forge a closer alliance to counterbalance US global clout. The meeting preceded a 5-day Central Asia summit. It was later reported that a deal was made for Russia to sell 2 nuclear submarines to China.
    (SFC, 8/26/99, p.A13)(WSJ, 9/2/99, p.A1)
1999        Aug 25, In Turkey lawmakers approved new taxes to help pay for earthquake damages, which included a 25% surcharge on cellular telephones.
    (SFC, 8/27/99, p.A14)
1999        Aug 25, In Venezuela the constitutional assembly declared a legislative emergency and usurped most of the functions of Congress.
    (SFC, 8/26/99, p.A12)
1999        Aug 25, Police in Yugoslavia said the bodies of 33 Gypsies fleeing from Kosovo were recovered off of Montenegro and that as many as 100 may have drowned when their ship sank last week.
    (SFC, 8/26/99, p.A13)

2000        Aug 25, Daniel Wiant (35), former executive of the American Cancer Society, pleaded guilty to embezzling nearly $8 million form the charity.
    (SFC, 8/26/00, p.A7)
2000        Aug 25, The shares of Emulex Corp. fell 62% due to a false report on the company. The drop caused an estimated $50 million investor losses. the shares recovered after the company refuted the reports. Mark Simeon Jakob (23) of El Segundo was arrested a week later for perpetrating the hoax, which netted him $186,000. He was later sentenced to nearly four years in prison for wire and securities fraud.
    (SFC, 9/1/00, p.A1)(AP, 8/24/01)
2000        Aug 25, In West Virginia the new $75 million Robert C. Boyd Green Bank Telescope, the world’s largest fully steerable radio telescope, was dedicated following almost 10 years of construction.
    (WSJ, 8/28/00, p.B11E)
2000        Aug 25, German intelligence confirmed that it had discovered a secret Iraqi missile factory near Baghdad. Some 250 technicians were reported working on ARABIL-100 short-range missiles.
    (SFC, 8/26/00, p.A9)
2000        Aug 25, Former Serbian president Ivan Stambolic (64) disappeared. In 2003 his body was found in a lime-covered grave on a mountain in northern Serbia. In 2005 Milosevic's paramilitary commander, his secret police chief and five others were convicted and sentenced for the killing of Stambolic.
    (SFC, 9/1/00, p.A16)(SFC, 4/5/01, p.A10)(AP, 3/28/03)(AP, 7/18/05)

2001        Aug 25, Univ. of Chicago doctors announced that they a kept a human kidney operating for 24 hours in a machine that simulated a warm human body.
    (SSFC, 8/26/01, p.A10)
2001        Aug 25, In the Bahamas 9 people were killed when a small plane crashed. Rhythm-and-blues singer and actress Aaliyah Haughton (Aaliyeh, 22) was among the dead.
    (SSFC, 8/26/01, p.A16)(SFC, 8/27/01, p.A16)(NW, 12/31/01, p.106)
2001        Aug 25, Police in Bogota, Colombia, reported that they had found $35 million stashed in the walls of 2 apartments, which had been used as private banks by the North Valley Cartel.
    (SSFC, 8/26/01, p.A16)
2001        Aug 25, In Oslo, Norway, Crown Prince Haakon (28) married Mette-Marit (28), a single mother and former waitress.
    (SSFC, 8/26/01, p.A16)(AP, 8/25/02)
2001        Aug 25, Palestinian commandoes killed an Israeli officer and 2 soldiers in a pre-dawn raid in Bedolah, Gaza Strip. 2 commandoes of the Al Aqsa Martyrs Brigade were killed a 1 escaped. Palestinian gunmen north of Jerusalem killed 3 members of an Israeli family in a car ambush. 2 children were wounded.
    (SSFC, 8/26/01, p.A1)

2002        Aug 25, Louisville, Ky., beat Sendai, Japan, 1-0 to win the Little League World Series in South Williamsport, Pennsylvania.
    (AP, 8/25/03)
2002        Aug 25, Acclaimed bass-baritone William Warfield (82), best known for his rendition of "Ol' Man River" in the musical "Show Boat," died in Chicago.
    (AP, 8/25/03)
2002        Aug 25, In England Investigators said they had found items of clothing they believed were worn by two slain girls the day they disappeared from their rural village.
    (AP, 8/25/02)
2002        Aug 25, Iran's parliament approved a bill giving women the right to sue for divorce, a similar right already guaranteed for men.
    (AP, 8/26/02)
2002        Aug 25, Iraq said US and British bombing killed 8 people near Basra. A U.S.-British air raid in southern Iraq destroyed a major military surveillance site that monitors American troops in the Persian Gulf
    (WSJ, 8/26/02, p.A1)(AP, 8/27/02)
2002        Aug 25, Philippine troops shot dead a notorious leader of a gang of kidnappers and rescued a girl (4) and her nanny from a week-long captivity.
    (Reuters, 8/25/02)
2002        Aug 25, Up to 10 guerrillas from a Philippine Marxist rebel group blacklisted by the United States were killed when the military clashed with a 40-man New People's Army (NPA) band in Rodriguez town, a Manila suburb.
    (AP, 8/26/02)
2002        Aug 25, Former Swedish diplomat Per Anger (88), who'd worked with Raoul Wallenberg in shielding thousands of Hungarian Jews from Nazi death camps, died in Stockholm, Sweden.
    (AP, 8/25/03)
2002        Aug 25, In the UAR the roof of a Dubai warehouse that was under construction collapsed, killing seven people and injuring 19.
    (AP, 8/26/02)
2002        Aug 25, In Zimbabwe President Robert Mugabe announced his new Cabinet, firing the moderate finance minister and keeping hard-liners who have spearheaded harsh media controls and seizures of white-owned farms.
    (AP, 8/25/02)

2003        Aug 25, NASA launched the largest-diameter infrared telescope ever in space. NASA showed the 1st images from the $670 million Spitzer Space Telescope on Dec 18.
    (WSJ, 8/26/03, p.A1)(SFC, 12/19/03, p.A2)
2003        Aug 25, In southeastern Afghanistan US jets hit a Taliban hideout and at least 14 insurgents were killed.
    (SFC, 8/26/03, p.A7)
2003        Aug 25, Brazil's Pres. Lula da Silva and Peru's Pres. Toledo signed a free-trade agreement between Peru and Mercosur. Peru planned to join as an associate member.
    (Econ, 8/30/03, p.25)
2003        Aug 25, Canada's Premier Chretien signed an agreement in the Northwest Territories bestowing self-government and mineral wealth on the 4,000 Dogrib Indians (Tlicho First Nation).
    (Econ, 8/30/03, p.26)
2003        Aug 25, In India consecutive bombs exploded in a crowded jewelry market and a historical landmark in Bombay, killed 53 people, wounding 150 others. The Student’s Islamic Movement of India (SIMI) was believed responsible. Ashrat Shafiq Mohammed Ansari, Syed Mohammed Haneef Abdul Rahim and his wife Fahmeeda Syed Mohammed Haneef were arrested under India's tough anti-terrorism law shortly after the attacks. All 3 were convicted and sentenced to death in 2009 after Judge M.R. Puranic said they were members of Lashkar-e-Taiba, a banned, Pakistan-based militant group formed in the 1980s.
    (WSJ, 8/27/03, p.A1)(Econ, 7/15/06, p.39)(AP, 8/25/08)(AP, 7/27/09)(AP, 8/6/09)
2003        Aug 25, In Ivory Coast 2 French soldiers, part of a peacekeeping force, were killed.
    (AP, 8/26/03)
2003        Aug 25, In southern Russia a series of bomb explosions near two cafes and a bus stop in Krasnodar, about 750 miles south of Moscow, killed at least three people and wounding ten others.
    (AP, 8/25/03)
2003        Aug 25, In Rwanda voters lined up before dawn to vote in the country's first real presidential election. Incumbent President Paul Kagame scored an overwhelming election win.
    (AP, 8/26/03)

2004        Aug 25, An Army investigation found that 27 people attached to an intelligence unit at Abu Ghraib prison near Baghdad either approved or participated in the abuse of Iraqi prisoners.
    (AP, 8/25/05)
2004        Aug 25, David Hicks, an Australian cowboy who'd converted to Islam and allegedly fought for the Taliban in Afghanistan, pleaded innocent to war crimes charges before a U.S. military commission. He was detained by the U.S. Government in Guantanamo Bay until 2007 when he became the first to be tried and convicted under the U.S. Military Commissions Act of 2006. He was extradited to Australia to serve the remainder of his sentence. Hicks served his nine month term in Adelaide's Yatala Labor Prison and was released under control order on December 29, 2007.
    (AP, 8/25/05)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Hicks)
2004        Aug 25, The US prepared to ship 300 pounds of weapons-grade plutonium to France for conversion to a less-dangerous nuclear fuel.
    (WSJ, 8/25/04, p.A9)
2004        Aug 25, Astronomers reported the discovery of a planet 14 times as massive as Earth near the star Mu Arae which is 50 light years away.
    (SFC, 8/26/04, p.A2)
2004        Aug 25, Hungary chose Ferenc Gyurcsany (43), one of the nation’s richest businessmen, as the new premier. He made his fortune from privatization deals in the 1990s.
    (WSJ, 8/26/04, p.A1)(Econ, 8/28/04, p.48)
2004        Aug 25, Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani returned to Iraq from a hospital stay in London and called for a mass demonstration to end the fighting in Najaf.
    (SFC, 8/26/04, p.A1)
2004        Aug 25, Militants said they had kidnapped the brother-in-law of Iraqi Defense Minister Hazem Shaalan and demanded he end all military operations in the holy city of Najaf.
    (AP, 8/26/04)
2004        Aug 25, Saboteurs attacked about 20 oil pipelines in southern Iraq, reducing exports from the key oil producing region by at least one third.
    (AP, 8/26/04)
2004        Aug 25, Israel captured its 1st ever gold medal with a win by Gal Fridman in wind surfing.
    (WSJ, 8/26/04, p.A1)
2004        Aug 25, Sudan said it had closed its embassy in Washington after being unable to find a bank that would handle its financial matters.
    (AP, 8/26/04)

2005        Aug 25, The US base closing commission voted to shut down the Army’s historic Walter Reed hospital as it endorsed much of Defense Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld’s broader plan to streamline support services across the Army, Navy and Air Force.
    (AP, 8/25/06)
2005        Aug 25, California sued 39 pharmaceutical companies for allegedly inflating prices.
    (SFC, 8/26/05, p.A1)
2005        Aug 25, in Southern California summer heat and the loss of key transmission lines forced power officials to impose rolling blackouts, leaving as many as half a million people without power for an hour at a time.
    (AP, 8/25/05)
2005        Aug 25, Hurricane Katrina plodded across South Florida and left 4 people dead.
    (AP, 8/26/05)
2005        Aug 25, A joint U.S.-Afghan patrol spotted a rebel observation post and A-10 warplanes and attack helicopters were called in, killing five suspected militants.
    (AP, 8/25/05)
2005        Aug 25, Thousands of Chinese and Russian troops wrapped up their historic first joint military exercises with a mock invasion by paratroopers on China's east coast. The eight-day exercises with 7,000 Chinese troops and 1,800 Russians underscored growing military ties between the former Cold War enemies.
    (AP, 8/25/05)
2005        Aug 25, In China Monsignor Xie Shiguang (88), the bishop of Mingdong, died of leukemia. He was first arrested in 1955 by Chinese authorities "because of his loyalty and obedience to the pope," and released a year later. He was next arrested in 1958 and stayed in jail until his release in 1980. Xie was also jailed from 1984-1987, and finally for two years starting in 1990, and was kept under surveillance by authorities until his death.
    (AP, 8/27/05)
2005        Aug 25, Two Egyptian police officers were killed in a bomb blast in the northern Sinai.
    (AFP, 8/25/05)
2005        Aug 25, Haiti recalled its top diplomat to the Dominican Republic after 3 Haitian migrants were beaten and burned to death in an attack that has added to growing tensions between the uneasy Caribbean neighbors.
    (AP, 8/25/05)
2005        Aug 25, In India more than two dozen people died of encephalitis in Uttar Pradesh, taking the toll from an outbreak in the region over 200.
    (AP, 8/25/05)
2005        Aug 25, UNICEF said a measles outbreak on Indonesia's Sumba island has killed five children and sickened 711 others.
    (AP, 8/25/05)
2005        Aug 25, In an illegal overflight an American Hermes aircraft crashed 125 miles inside Iranian territory in the Khoram Abad area.
    (AP, 11/8/05)
2005        Aug 25, The bodies of 36 men were discovered in Kut, southeast of Baghdad, on a road leading to Iran. On Aug 29 a leader of Iraq's largest Sunni political group blamed Shiite-led security forces for the deaths of 36 Sunnis found shot in the head and said such acts could have unforeseen consequences.
    (AP, 8/25/05)(SFC, 8/26/05, p.A12)(AP, 8/29/05)
2005        Aug 25, An Israeli military raid on the West Bank refugee camp of Tulkarem left five militants dead. Palestinians said at least two of the dead were unarmed teenagers who were neighbors of the wanted men but didn't belong to any militant group. An Orthodox Jewish man was stabbed to death in Jerusalem.
    (AP, 8/25/05)
2005        Aug 25, In central Mexico a rain-swollen river overflowed its banks and flooded the town of Aguililla, leaving five people dead and five others missing.
    (AP, 8/26/05)
2005        Aug 25, Clashes between rival political gangs in Pakistan left 11 people dead and dozens more injured as voters went to the polls in the second round of key local elections.
    (AP, 8/25/05)
2005        Aug 25, In Mozambique regional health ministers unanimously agreed to declare tuberculosis an African emergency.
    (AP, 8/26/05)
2005        Aug 25, African ministers and international donors unveiled a 1.1-billion-dollar (894 million euro) strategy to boost catches, build fish farms and develop the seafood sector after a high-level meeting of the New Partnership for Africa’s Redevelopment (NEPAD) Fish for All Summit, in Abuja, Nigeria.
    (AP, 8/25/05)(www.nepad.org/)
2005        Aug 25, In the southern Russian city of Nazran 2 bombs exploded, wounding the second-highest-ranking official in the mostly Muslim region of Ingushetia and killing his driver, in what was described as an assassination attempt.
    (AP, 8/25/05)
2005        Aug 25, In Sweden robbers toting automatic weapons crashed a tractor through the wall of a Securitas compound in a Stockholm suburb. Swedish media reported that the robbers got away with 60 million kronor (euro6.4 million, US$7.86 million), which would make it one of the largest cash robberies ever in the country. 2 men, aged 35 and 32, were arrested Sep 15 in northern Stockholm on suspicion of involvement in the robbery.
    (AP, 9/16/05)
2005        Aug 25, Rescue workers began evacuating more people from submerged sections of the Swiss capital as central and southern Europe struggled with the aftermath of flooding that has killed at least 42 people.
    (AP, 8/25/05)
2005        Aug 25, Rebels in northern Uganda ambushed a truckload of civilians that included school children and killed 7 people, prompting an army counterattack that left three rebels dead.
    (AP, 8/28/05)

2006        Aug 25, A college student's checked luggage on a Continental Airlines flight that had arrived in Houston from Buenos Aires, Argentina, was found to contain a stick of dynamite, one of six security incidents that day that caused US flights to be diverted, evacuated or searched.
    (AP, 8/25/07)
2006        Aug 25, The US Navy debuted Texas, its newest nuclear-powered submarine. in an Atlantic Ocean swing off the Florida coast. This is the second in the latest fast-attack class that marks a broad departure from the Cold War-era deterrence boats.
    (AP, 8/27/06)
2006        Aug 25, Bruce D. Hopfengardner (46), a former US Army Reserve officer, admitted that he steered millions of dollars in Iraq-reconstruction contracts in exchange for jewelry, computers, cigars and sexual favors. Hopfengardner (46) admitted conspiring with Philip H. Bloom, a US citizen with businesses in Romania, Robert J. Stein Jr., a former Defense Department contract official, and others to create a corrupt bidding process that included the theft of $2 million in reconstruction money.
    (AP, 8/25/06)
2006        Aug 25, Michael John O'Keefe, the deputy nonimmigrant visa chief at the US Consulate in Toronto, was indicted on bribery and conspiracy charges. International jewelry executive Sunil Agrawal, a native of India, also was charged but remains at large.
    (AP, 8/25/06)
2006        Aug 25, The Alabama Supreme Court ruled that Richard Scrushy, the fired CEO of HealthSouth Corp., must repay $47.8 million in bonuses he received during a massive financial fraud at the medical services chain.
    (WSJ, 8/26/06, p.A9)
2006        Aug 25, In SF former Ukrainian PM Pavlo Lazarenko (53) was sentenced to nine years in federal prison for money laundering, wire fraud and extortion. The sentence, which also included $10 million in fines, was half of the maximum sought by prosecutors. In March, he was elected to a regional parliament office in Ukraine.
    (AP, 8/25/06)
2006        Aug 25, Coca-Cola was sued as part of a campaign to force US soft drink makers to eliminate ingredients that can form cancer-causing benzene. Two companies, Zone Brands and TalkingRain Beverage Co., had already settled similar charges.
    (SFC, 8/26/06, p.A5)
2006        Aug 25, Joseph Stefano (84), who wrote the screenplay for Alfred Hitchcock's "Psycho," died in Thousand Oaks, Calif.
    (AP, 8/25/07)
2006        Aug 25, President Hamid Karzai ordered an investigation into the killings of eight people in eastern Afghanistan during a raid that US forces claimed targeted al-Qaida members. Afghan police clashed with suspected Taliban militants in southern Zabul province, killing six insurgents and wounding 12. Two French soldiers were killed in an ambush in eastern Laghman province. Separate airstrikes in southern Uruzgan province killed 23 militants, including a known Taliban commander. British troops with a NATO-led force used artillery fire against a convoy of insurgents that was moving into position for attack in Helmand province. About seven insurgents were killed and seven vehicles destroyed.
    (AP, 8/25/06)(AP, 8/26/06)(AFP, 8/26/06)
2006        Aug 25, In Bangladesh suspected Maoist attackers shot dead 4 policemen and a ruling party official after hurling bombs and firing bullets in a crowded cattle market. Police said they suspected the Purba Banglar Communist Party (PBCP) was behind the attack.
    (AFP, 8/26/06)
2006        Aug 25, Officials said drug users who don't engage in dealing will no longer be sent to prison under a new drug law now in effect across Brazil.
    (AP, 8/25/06)
2006        Aug 25, Zhao Yan (44), a Chinese researcher for The New York Times who has been detained since 2004, was cleared of charges of revealing state secrets but convicted of fraud and sentenced to three years in prison. Xinhua News said communities in southeastern China are straining to resettle more than 15 million people left homeless by four devastating typhoons in recent months. A moderate earthquake jolted southwest China, killing two people.
    (AP, 8/25/06)
2006        Aug 25, In China a tanker truck loaded with 25 tons of liquid caustic soda, colorless, transparent corrosive liquid that rapidly burns skin and eyes, fell into a river 3 miles away from the Xuefeng reservoir in a city within the municipality of Weinan in Shaanxi province. It polluted a reservoir serving at least 100,000 residents for two days until water quality returned to normal.
    (AP, 8/27/06)
2006        Aug 25, The UN established a new mission in East Timor but left Australian-led troops in place following a dispute over whether they should remain independent or be part of a UN force.
    (Reuters, 8/25/06)
2006        Aug 25, German police arrested a 3rd suspect in connection with a failed attempt to blow up two trains. Lebanese authorities picked up a 4th man believed to have been involved.
    (AP, 8/25/06)
2006        Aug 25, Looters ravaged Camp Abu Naji in Amarah, a former British base, a day after the camp was turned over to Iraqi troops, taking everything from doors and window frames to corrugated roofing and metal pipes. A police officer was killed in a drive-by shooting in downtown Samarra.
    (AP, 8/25/06)
2006        Aug 25, Israeli aircraft attacked two buildings in the Gaza Strip, wounding at least nine people.
    (AP, 8/25/06)
2006        Aug 25, A military truck carrying UN peacekeepers crashed in Ivory Coast, killing six Bangladeshi troops and injuring 11 others.
    (AP, 8/26/06)
2006        Aug 25, In Jordan top leaders of Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas' Fatah party gave their leader the go-ahead to begin forming a unity government with the militant Hamas in an effort to end internal feuding and international isolation.
    (AP, 8/25/06)
2006        Aug 25, Japanese officials said Kazusaku Tezuka, the president of precision instrument maker Mitutoyo Corp., was arrested along with four other Mitutoyo executives and employees for the alleged export to Malaysia of equipment that can be used in making nuclear weapons.
    (AP, 8/25/06)
2006        Aug 25, The UN said unexploded cluster bomb litter homes, gardens and highways in south Lebanon, as the US State Department reportedly investigated whether Israel's use of the American-made weapons violated secret agreements with the United States.
    (AP, 8/25/06)
2006        Aug 25, In Mongolia the Dalai Lama elevated a group of monks into the Buddhist priesthood's higher ranks, bolstering the country's traditional faith as it struggles to re-establish itself following decades of communist persecution.
    (AP, 8/25/06)
2006        Aug 25, In Niger the UN food agency inaugurated a program to help feed hundreds of thousands of people as the impoverished West African nation struggles to recover from severe shortages.
    (AP, 8/25/06)
2006        Aug 25, Nigerian soldiers in Port Harcourt burned hundreds of slum houses located close to the compound of an Italian oil company where at least one Italian worker was kidnapped and his bodyguard killed overnight.
    (Reuters, 8/25/06)
2006        Aug 25, Peru's jailed ex-intelligence chief Vladimiro Montesinos was sentenced to six years in prison for using government money to fund former President Alberto Fujimori's 2000 re-election campaign. The sentence will be served concurrently with Montesinos' 15-year prison sentence for various corruption convictions.
    (AP, 8/27/06)
2006        Aug 25, The UN food agency said fighting between Sri Lanka's Tamil Tiger rebels and security forces has forced at least 204,000 people from their homes in the eastern and northern parts of the country. A food relief ship began unloading in northern Sri Lanka to lift a two-week siege of the Jaffna peninsula as fresh clashes left five rebels dead.
    (AP, 8/25/06)(AFP, 8/25/06)

2007        Aug 25, Wyoming Republicans decided to hold their delegate selection process on Jan 5, 2008, before both Iowa and New Hampshire.
    (SFC, 8/30/07, p.A8)
2007        Aug 25, SF held its 2nd annual Jug Band Festival at the Golden Gate Park band shell. The annual Renaissance Fair also took place in GG park for a 4th year.
    (eyewitness)(www.sffaire.com/)
2007        Aug 25, A suicide car bomber attacked a convoy carrying foreigners near the Afghan capital Kabul. Two foreigners and four Afghans were wounded. A roadside bomb killed two Afghans guarding a convoy carrying supplies for NATO-led forces in Kandahar province, while eight suspected insurgents and a police officer died in fighting elsewhere in the country. Afghan soldiers in neighboring Helmand province shot and killed two suspected Taliban fighters as they attempted to plant a roadside bomb. In southern Afghanistan clashes between coalition troops and Taliban fighters left at least 18 civilians dead according to witnesses. NATO officials said no noncombatants were killed. 12 Taliban fighters were killed by artillery fire along the Pakistan-Afghanistan border after insurgents attacked a military post with rockets and mortars. US-led and Afghan troops struck Taliban positions inside Pakistan in fresh clashes with the extremist Islamic militia that left at least 19 rebels dead. A Pakistani military spokesman denied any permission was given. Afghan troops clashed with rebel fighters in southern Zabul province and killed nine of them. 3 suspected militants, one of them a foreign national, were arrested in Paktia province, dressed in all-covering burqas worn by most Afghan women. Dozens of Taliban guerrillas attacked police in the eastern province of Nangarhar, injuring a district chief and one of his guards before they were repelled.
    (AP, 8/25/07)(AP, 8/26/07)(AFP, 8/26/07)
2007        Aug 25, In Buenos Aires an Argentine couple captured the stage category at the World Tango Championships, followed by Chilean and Japanese pairs.
    (AP, 8/26/07)
2007        Aug 25, Australia's multi-billion dollar racing industry was plunged into turmoil on after an outbreak of equine influenza triggered a national lockdown.
    (Reuters, 8/25/07)
2007        Aug 25, Raymond Barre (b.1924), a tough-speaking former French prime minister (1976-1981) and economist, died.
    (AP, 8/25/07)
2007        Aug 25, A senior official of the separatist region said a plane of uncertain origin went down over Abkhazia, a day after Georgia reported that its forces fired on a plane believed to be Russian that had violated the country's airspace.
    (AP, 8/25/07)
2007        Aug 25, A German federal lab confirmed that tests have found that birds at a poultry farm in southern Germany died of the H5N1 strain of bird flu, and some 160,000 birds were being slaughtered as a precaution.
    (AP, 8/26/07)
2007        Aug 25, In Germany more than 1 million revelers, many scantily dressed, danced their way through the streets of Essen to sound of whistles blowing and techno music for the Love Parade's debut in its new home, western Germany's industrial Ruhr region.
    (AP, 8/25/07)
2007        Aug 25, Massive forest fires swept uncontrolled across Greece for a second day and killed at least 41 people in the south of the country, including several children.
    (Reuters, 8/25/07)
2007        Aug 25, In Hungary some 56 Magyar Garda members, wearing black uniforms and black caps, were sworn in during the ceremony at Buda Castle. Lajos Fur, former defense minister, inaugurated the neo-fascist, self-styled civil defense group organized by the far right Jobik party.
    (www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,502184,00.html)
2007        Aug 25, In Hyderabad, India, where Hindu-Muslim animosity runs deep, a pair of almost simultaneous bombings blamed on Islamic extremists tore through a popular family restaurant and an outdoor arena, killing 43 people. Another 19 bombs were discovered and made safe in the area. In Hyderabad, Muslims make up 40 percent of the population of 7 million. Officials blamed foreign militants.
    (AP, 8/26/07)(WSJ, 8/27/07, p.A1)(Econ, 9/1/07, p.34)
2007        Aug 25, Iraqi and US soldiers arrested 54 suspected al-Qaida members in a joint operation on the outskirts of Baqouba.
    (SFC, 8/27/07, p.A13)
2007        Aug 25, Two Palestinian militants infiltrated Israel from the Gaza Strip, attacking an Israeli military position before soldiers tracked them down and killed them. Militants detonated a bomb near the border fence in southern Gaza, lightly wounding four soldiers. Militants also fired several mortars into southern Israel, causing no injuries.
    (AP, 8/25/07)
2007        Aug 25, It was reported that Liberia had some 2,511 ships registered under its flag, the world’s 2nd largest fleet after Panama, which had 7,357. The population was reported to be 3.3 million, with two-thirds of the people living on less than a dollar a day. Since 2000 the Liberian International Ship and Corporate Registry, a Virginia-based company, managed the registry.
    (Econ, 8/25/07, p.44)
2007        Aug 25, Myanmar's state media reported that military junta has detained at least 63 activists who protested massive fuel-price hikes over the last week, as the government pursued its clampdown on the increasingly daring demonstrations.
    (AP, 8/25/07)
2007        Aug 25, Pakistan successfully test-fired a new air-launched cruise missile capable of carrying a nuclear warhead.
    (AP, 8/25/07)
2007        Aug 25, Sudan said it will allow an EU envoy it ordered out of the country to remain until his tenure expires next month, following an EU apology.
    (AP, 8/25/07)

2008        Aug 25, The US Democratic Convention opened in the Pepsi Center of Denver, Colorado, where Sen. Edward Kennedy passed the party’s crown to Barack Obama.
    (SFC, 8/26/08, p.A1)
2008        Aug 25, US immigration agents uncovered some 350 suspected undocumented workers in a raid on the Howard Industries electrical equipment plant in Laurel, Mississippi.
    (SFC, 8/26/08, p.A4)
2008        Aug 25, The Afghan cabinet demanded the renegotiation of agreements regulating the presence of the international community in Afghanistan after more than 90 civilians were killed in US-led air strikes.
    (AFP, 8/25/08)
2008        Aug 25, The Danish central bank said it has taken over Roskilde Bank, the nation's 10th largest bank. The 124-year-old institution had been struggling amid global financial turmoil and mounting losses on mortgage loans as housing prices fell in Denmark.
    (AP, 8/25/08)
2008        Aug 25, Honduran Pres. Manuel Zelaya signed adherence to the Bolivarian Alternative of the Americas (ALBA), a trade alliance created in 2004 by Venezuela and Cuba as a regional alternative to trade agreements with the US.
    (WSJ, 8/27/08, p.A9)
2008        Aug 25, In India authorities struggled to get aid to more than 1 million people stranded by floods in northern Bihar state. A Bihar official described the situation as a catastrophe. Bunty (whose real name was Om Prakash), the notorious gang leader who terrorized New Delhi from astride a motorcycle, died in a pre-dawn shootout with police. A Roman Catholic nun was raped by a Hindu mob in Orissa state. On Oct 24 she said that she will not cooperate with local police, alleging that they stood by idly during the attack. In Jan, 2009, police charged 10 men with gang raping the Catholic nun.
    (AP, 8/25/08)(AP, 8/26/08)(AP, 10/24/08)(AP, 1/29/09)
2008        Aug 25, Iranian state TV said the country has launched production of a domestically built submarine capable of firing missiles and torpedoes. Two other submarines, which began production in 2005, have been delivered to Iran's navy.
    (AP, 8/25/08)
2008        Aug 25, Israel freed nearly 200 jailed Palestinians, including a militant mastermind from the 1970s, in a goodwill gesture just hours before US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice was to begin her latest peace mission to the region.
    (AP, 8/25/08)
2008        Aug 25, Former PM Nawaz Sharif said he is withdrawing his party from Pakistan's ruling coalition because it has failed to restore judges ousted by ex-President Pervez Musharraf. Pakistan banned the Taliban, toughening its stance after the Islamic militant group claimed responsibility for deadly suicide bombings against one of its most sensitive military installations. 8 people were killed in a pre-dawn rocket-and-bomb strike on the home of provincial lawmaker Waqar Ahmed Khan in Swat. A Geneva prosecutor dropped money laundering charges against Asif Ali Zardari, head of the Pakistan People’s Party.
    (AP, 8/25/08)(SFC, 8/26/08, p.A15)
2008        Aug 25, A 41-year-old Lockheed Martin C-130 military cargo plane crashed in the waters off the southern Philippines. Two Philippine Air Force pilots and 7 crewmen were feared dead.
    (AFP, 8/26/08)
2008        Aug 25, In Puerto Rico US federal agents arrested 59 alleged members of a drug trafficking ring in coordinated raids in a number of small towns, where some housing projects were under siege by gangsters. Home to nearly 4 million people, Puerto Rico’s homicide rate was more than three times the US national average. Authorities said drug trafficking was behind the majority of the killings.
    (AP, 8/25/08)
2008        Aug 25, Russia's parliament voted unanimously to urge the president to recognize the independence of Georgia's two breakaway regions, a move likely to stoke further tensions between Moscow and the small Caucasus nation's Western allies. Russian President Dmitry Medvedev warned ex-Soviet Moldova against repeating Georgia's mistake of trying to use force to seize back control of Transdniestria, a pro-Moscow breakaway region.
    (AP, 8/25/08)(Reuters, 8/25/08)
2008        Aug 25, In northern Sri Lanka a series of gunbattles between government forces and the Tamil Tigers killed 15 rebels and seven soldiers.
    (AP, 8/26/08)
2008        Aug 25, Deadly clashes broke out when Sudanese security forces thrust into Kalma, one of the largest camps for displaced people in South Darfur, leaving at least 33 and as many as 70 people dead.
    (AFP, 8/25/08)(AP, 8/26/08)(SFC, 8/28/08, p.A9)
2008        Aug 25, Zimbabwe's opposition won the vote for speaker of the first parliament since disputed elections in March, claiming votes even from the ruling party of autocratic President Robert Mugabe amid stalled talks over sharing power.
    (AP, 8/25/08)

2009        Aug 25, The US White House forecast a 10-year federal deficit of $9 trillion, more than the sum of all previous deficits since America’s founding.
    (SFC, 8/26/09, p.A6)
2009        Aug 25, US Senator Jim Webb, back from a rare trip to Myanmar, called sanctions against the military regime "overwhelmingly counter-productive" and asked the opposition to consider taking part in upcoming elections.
    (AFP, 8/26/09)
2009        Aug 25, Sony Corp. unveiled a new electronic book reader for the American market, dubbed the “Daily Edition.” It was scheduled to become available in December for $399 and compete with Amazon’s Kindle.
    (Econ, 8/29/09, p.56)
2009        Aug 25, Sen. Edward M. Kennedy (b.1932) of Massachusetts, died at his home on Cape Cod after a yearlong struggle with brain cancer. He was the last surviving brother in an enduring political dynasty and one of the most influential senators in history. His memoir “True Compass: A Memoir” was published in September.
    (AP, 8/26/09)(Econ, 9/19/09, p.97)
2009        Aug 25, New Mexico Gov. Bill Richardson met with Ricardo Alarcon, president of Cuba's parliament, as well as members of the island's chamber of commerce as he headed a trade mission there this week.
    (AP, 8/25/09)
2009        Aug 25, The Afghan election commission said President Hamid Karzai and top challenger Abdullah Abdullah both have roughly 40% of the nationwide vote for president with 10% of ballots counted. A large explosion detonated in Kandahar and was followed by gunfire on the street afterward. A major bombing killed at least 43 people and wounded 65 in Kandahar just after dark.
    (AP, 8/25/09)(AP, 8/26/09)
2009        Aug 25, Argentina's Supreme Court ruled out prison for pot possession, saying the government should go after major traffickers and provide treatment instead of jail for consumers of marijuana.
    (AP, 8/25/09)
2009        Aug 25, In Belize PM Dean Barrow rushed thru the nationalization of Belize Telemedia, the country’s dominant telecommunications company, and appointed a new board of directors. This was seen locally as an escalation in Barrow’s long standing dispute with Michael Ashcroft, a British peer with interests in Belize Bank.
    (Econ, 10/24/09, p.41)(http://tinyurl.com/ykson7t)
2009        Aug 25, Four Ethiopian athletes, two women and two men, fled their hotel in London and failed to make a connecting flight to Edinburgh ahead of the Falkirk Cup athletics event.
    (AFP, 8/26/09)
2009        Aug 25, In Chechnya a suicide bombing killed three police officers at a gas station-carwash complex in the Shali region. Earlier in the day the Chechen Interior Ministry said a policeman was killed and another wounded in an overnight clash with militants.
    (AP, 8/25/09)(AP, 8/28/09)
2009        Aug 25, Iraq recalled its ambassador from Syria and demanded that Damascus hand over two suspected Saddam Hussein loyalists it has linked to the Aug 19 suicide attacks.
    (AP, 8/25/09)
2009        Aug 25, An Israeli air strike on a smuggling tunnel between the Gaza Strip and Egypt killed three Palestinians and wounded seven.
    (AP, 8/25/09)
2009        Aug 25, The World Food Program said that 3.8 million Kenyans need emergency food aid because of a prolonged drought, which is even causing electrical blackouts in the capital because there's not enough water for hydroelectric plants.
    (AP, 8/25/09)
2009        Aug 25, Nicaragua said it will reroute the San Juan River on the border with Costa Rica. The river has been at the center of a lengthy dispute between the two Central American countries. The UN’s highest court last month set travel rules for the San Juan River, affirming freedom for Costa Rican boats to navigate the waterway while upholding Nicaragua's right to regulate traffic. The judgment ended a four-year legal battle. Under an 1858 treaty, the entire river belongs to Nicaragua up to the Costa Rican bank, but Costa Rican ships have freedom of navigation for commerce.
    (AP, 8/26/09)
2009        Aug 25, The UN said Somalia is facing its worst humanitarian crisis in 18 years, with more than half of the population needing humanitarian aid amid an escalating crisis.
    (AP, 8/25/09)
2009        Aug 25, South Korea launched its first rocket, just months after rival North Korea's launch drew international anger, but space officials said the satellite it carried failed to enter its intended orbit.
    (AP, 8/25/09)
2009        Aug 25, Turkey's military indicated that it would back government efforts to grant more rights to Kurds and improve the economy of their region. The military, however, drew the line at moves that would involve negotiating with Kurdish rebels, harm Turkey's unity or make Kurdish an official language.
    (AP, 8/25/09)
2009        Aug 25, An international forum in Turkey sought to boost aid and investment in Pakistan as a way to support its democratic institutions and curb violence there.
    (AP, 8/25/09)

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