Today in History - September 12

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490 BCE    Sep 12, Athenian and Plataean Hoplites commanded by General Miltiades drove back a Persian invasion force under General Datis at Marathon. [see Sep 9]
    (HN, 9/12/98)

352 CE    Sep 12, Maximinus van Trier, bishop of Trier, saint, died.
    (MC, 9/12/01)

1015        Sep 12, Lambert I with the Beard, count of Leuven, died in battle at about age 65.
    (MC, 9/12/01)

1185        Sep 12, Andronicus I Comnenus, Byzantine emperor (1183-85), was lynched.
    (MC, 9/12/01)

1213        Sep 12, Simon de Montfort defeated Raymond of Toulouse and Peter II of Aragon at Muret, France.
    (HN, 9/12/98)

1494        Sep 12, Francois I of Valois-Angoulome, king of France (1515-47), was born.
    (MC, 9/12/01)

1556        Sep 12, Emperor Charles resigned and his brother Ferdinand of Austria took over. Charles V resigned and ended his days in a Spanish monastery. He bequeathed Spain to his son Philip II, and the Holy Roman Empire to his brother Ferdinand I. A few years of peace in Europe followed. The event formed the basis for a later historical play by Friedrich Schiller, which was in turn used by Verdi for his opera "Don Carlos."
    (TL-MB, 1988, p.19)(WSJ, 3/21/96, p.A-12)(MC, 9/12/01)

1591        Sep 12, Richard Grenville (b.1542), English vice-admiral and cousin of Sir. Walter Ralegh (Raleigh), died in battle against Spanish ships at age 49. He made 2 voyages to Roanoke Island in 1585 and 1586.
    (MC, 9/12/01)(www.nps.gov/fora/grenville.htm)

1609         Sep 12, English explorer Henry Hudson sailed his ship, the Half Moon, into the river that later took his name. Hudson sailed for the Dutch East India Company in search of the Northwest Passage, a water route linking the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
    (AP, 9/12/97)(Econ, 7/4/09, p.28)

1612        Sep 12, Russia’s Tsar Vasili IV (b.1552) died.
    (www.etoile.co.uk/Romanov/Timeline.html)

1624        Sep 12, The 1st submarine was tested in London.
    (MC, 9/12/01)

1642        Sep 12, Cinq Mars, French plotter, was executed.
    (MC, 9/12/01)

1662        Sep 12, Gov. Berkley of Virginia was denied his attempts to repeal the Navigation Acts.
    (HN, 9/12/98)

1683        Sep 12, A combined Austrian and Polish army defeated the Ottoman Turks at Kahlenberg and lifted the siege on Vienna, Austria. The severed head of Kara Mustapha, Turkish grand vizier, was preserved by Austria as a souvenir of the siege of Vienna.
    (WSJ, 3/27/96, p.A-16)(HN, 9/12/98)(SFEC, 2/6/00, p.A1)
1683        Sep 12, Prince Eugene of Savoy repelled an invasion of Vienna, Austria, by Turkish forces.
    (Hem., Dec. '95, p.69)(WSJ, 3/27/96, p.A-16)
1683        Sep 12, Marco d'Aviano, sent by Pope Innocent XI to unite the outnumbered Christian troops, spurred them to victory. The Turks left behind sacks of coffee which the Christians found too bitter, so they sweetened it with honey and milk and named the drink cappuccino after the Capuchin order of monks to which d'Aviano belonged. An Austrian baker created a crescent-shaped roll, the Kipfel, to celebrate the victory. Empress Maria Theresa later took it to France where it became the croissant.
    (Reuters, 4/28/03)(WSJ, 6/3/03, p.D5)

1695        Sep 12, New York Jews petitioned governor Dongan for religious liberties.
    (MC, 9/12/01)

1720        Sep 12, Frederick Philipse III, land owner (Bronx, Westchester & Putnam), was born in NYC.
    (MC, 9/12/01)

1722        Sep 12, The Treaty of St. Petersburg put an end to the Russo-Persian War.
    (HN, 9/12/98)

1733        Sep 12, Francois Couperin "Le Grand", French composer, died at 64.
    (MC, 9/12/01)

1751        Sep 12, Amsterdam refused to establish a Jewish ghetto.
    (MC, 9/12/01)

1758        Sep 12, Charles Messier observed the Crab Nebula and began a catalog.
    (MC, 9/12/01)

1764        Sep 12, Jean Philippe Rameau, French composer (Castor en Pollux), died at 80.
    (MC, 9/12/01)

1776        Sep 12, Nathan Hale left Harlem Heights Camp (127th St) for a spy mission.
    (MC, 9/12/01)

1786        Sep 12, Despite his failed efforts to suppress the American Revolution, Lord Cornwallis was appointed governor general of India. [see Feb 24]
    (HN, 9/12/98)

1789        Sep 12, Franz Xaver Richter, composer, died at 79.
    (MC, 9/12/01)

1808        Sep 12, Jose Celestino Mutis (b.1732-1808), Spanish naturalist, died in Santa Fe de Bogote (Colombia). He spent 40 years on his unfinished work “Flora de Nueva Granada.”
    (www.famousamericans.net/josecelestinomutis/)

1812        Sep 12, Richard March Hoe was born in NYC. He built the first successful rotary printing press.
    (HN, 9/12/00)

1814        Sep 12, A British fleet under Sir Alexander Cochrane began the bombardment of Fort McHenry, the last American defense before Baltimore. Lawyer Francis Scott Key had approached the British attackers seeking the release of a friend who was being held for unfriendly acts toward the British. Key himself was detained overnight on September 13 and witnessed the bombardment of Fort McHenry from a guarded American boat.
    (www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/hh/5/hh5h.htm)
1814        Sep 12, The Battle of North Point was fought near Baltimore during War of 1812. British General Ross was killed by a sniper’s bullet in a skirmish just prior to the main battle. The battle proved to be strategic American victory, but since they left the field in the hands of the British, tactically it was a defeat for the Americans.
    (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_North_Point)

1818        Sep 12, Richard Gatling (d.1903), American inventor, was born. The Gatling gun, an early type of machine gun, was named after him.
    (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Jordan_Gatling)

1829        Sep 12, Charles Dudley Warner, essayist and novelist who, with Mark Twain, wrote "The Guilded Age," was born.
    (HN, 9/12/98)

1836        Sep 12, Mexican authorities crushed the revolt which broke out on August 25.
    (HN, 9/12/98)

1840        Sep 12, Composer Robert Schumann married Clara Wieck.
    (MC, 9/12/01)

1857        Sep 12, A wooden-hulled steamship, the SS Central America under Capt. William L. Herndon, sank off the coast of Georgia. The ship carried 21 tons of gold from California to New York and 425 of 528 passengers were drowned. The wreck was in 8,000 feet of water and in 1987-1988 salvage operations were begun by Tommy Thompson. He hauled in $500 million worth of gold bars, coins and nuggets. After a court battle he was awarded 92% of the gold. The story is told in the 1998 book "Ship of Gold in the Deep Blue sea" by Gary Kinder. The loss of the gold sparked "The Panic of 1857." The SS Central America sank off Cape Romain, SC.
    (WSJ, 5/22/98, p.W3)(WSJ, 6/19/98, p.W9)(SFEC, 6/28/98, BR p.3)(WSJ, 12/3/99, p.W16)(WSJ, 1/28/00, p.B1)(ON, 7/01, p.2)(MC, 9/12/01)

1860        Sep 12, William Walker (b.1824), conqueror of Nicaragua, was convicted and executed by the government of Honduras. The British had arrested him and turned him over to the government. In 2008 Stephen Dando-Collins authored “Tycoon’s War: How Cornelius Vanderbilt Invaded a Country to Overthrow America's Most Famous Military Adventurer.”
    (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Walker_(soldier))(SSFC, 4/10/05, p.F4)

1862        Sep 12, The Battle of Harpers Ferry took place in Virginia.
    (MC, 9/12/01)

1866        Sep 12, The first burlesque show opened in NYC. The show was a four act performance called "The Black Crow", running for 475 performances and made a reported $1.3 million for its producers.
    (MC, 9/12/01)

1869        Sep 12, Peter M. Roget, English physician and lexographer, died. In 2008 Joshua Kendall authored “The Man Who Made Lists: Love, Death, Madness, and the Creation of Roget’s Thesaurus” (1852).
    (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Roget)(WSJ, 3/22/08, p.W10)

1878        Sep 12, The Cleopatra Needle was installed in London.
    (MC, 9/12/01)

1880        Sep 12, H.L. Mencken (Henry Louis Mencken, d.1956), American author, social satirist, was born in Baltimore, Md. He worked for the "Baltimore Sun" and later edited the "Smart Set" magazine with George Jean Nathan. He wrote a philological work entitled "The American Language." Nietzschean iconoclast H.L. Mencken referred to "Boobus Americanus" and was cynical about American democracy. Mencken won fame as a journalist with the Baltimore Morning Herald and Baltimore Sun, editor of The American Mercury magazine and as a literary critic. Mencken's criticism was often directed at the American middle class and members of what he called...the "boobeoisie (BOOB-WA-ZEE)." Very popular in the post-WWI period, Mencken’s literary criticism was instrumental in bringing writers such as D.H. Lawrence, Ford Madox Ford and Sherwood Anderson to the fore.
    (AP, 9/12/97)(HNQ, 6/20/98)(HN, 9/12/98)(www.todayinliterature.com)
1860        Sep 12, William Walker (b.1824), US adventurer, was convicted and executed by the government of Honduras. The British had arrested him and turned him over to the government.
    (SSFC, 4/10/05, p.F4)(www.sfmuseum.org/hist1/walker.html)

1888        Sep 12, Maurice Chevalier (d.1972), actor, was born in Paris, France.
    (HN, 9/12/00)(www.jimpoz.com)

1892        Sep 12, Alfred A. Knopf, American publisher, was born. In 1966 he received the Alexander Hamilton Medal.
    (HN, 9/12/98)(MC, 9/12/01)

1897        Sep 12, Irene Joliot-Curie, French physicist (neutron, Nobel 1935), was born.
    (MC, 9/12/01)

1898        Sep 12, Ben Shahn (d.1969), American painter (1964 Arts & Letters), was born In Kaunas, Lithuania.
    (WSJ, 12/1/98, p.A20)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Shahn)

1902        Sep 12, The Yacolt Fire burned 238,000 acres in Oregon and Washington and killed 38 people.
    (SFC, 10/30/03, p.A15)

1906        Sep 12, Dmitri Dmitriyevich Shostakovich, composer, was born in St. Petersburg, Russia. [see Sep 25]
    (MC, 9/12/01)

1910        Sep 12, Alexander D. Langmuir, epidemiologist, was born. He created and led the U.S. Epidemic Intelligence Service.
    (HN, 9/12/00)
1910        Sep 12, Gustav Mahler's 8th Symphony premiered in Munich with 1028 musicians.
    (MC, 9/12/01)

1913        Sep 13, Jesse Owens, track and field athlete, was born. He was a four-gold medal winner at the 1936 Olympic games at Berlin.
    (HFA, '96, p.38)(AHD, 1971, p.938)(HN, 9/12/98)

1914        Sep 12, During World War I, the First Battle of the Marne ended in an Allied victory against Germany.
    (AP, 9/12/06)

1918        Sep 12, British troops retook Havincourt, Moeuvres, and Trescault along the Western Front.
    (HN, 9/12/98)
1918        Sep 12, During World War I, U.S. forces led by Gen. John J. Pershing launched an attack on the German-occupied St. Mihiel salient north of Verdun, France.
    (AP, 9/12/97)

1919        Sep 12, Adolf Hitler joined the German Worker's Party. In 2004 Robert O. Paxton authored "The Anatomy of Fascism," on the rise and fall of Hitler and Mussolini.
    (HN, 9/12/98)(SSFC, 4/4/04, p.M3)

1927        Sep 12, Sigmund Romberg's musical "My Maryland," premiered in NYC.
    (MC, 9/12/01)

1928        Sep 12, Actress Katharine Hepburn (b.1907) made her stage debut in "The Czarina."
    (MC, 9/12/01)

1931        Sep 12, Kristin Hunter, author, was born. Her work included "God Bless the Child" and  "The Survivors."
    (HN, 9/12/00)
1931        Sep 12, George Jones, country singer, was born.
    (HN, 9/12/00)
1931        Sep 12, Ian Holm, actor (Henry V), was born in Ilford, Essex, England.
    (MC, 9/12/01)
1931        Sep 12, In Honolulu, Hawaii, Thalia Massie, wife of a Navy officer, accused 5 nonwhite island men of gang rape. A trial that followed resulted in a hung jury. On Jan 8, 1932 a vigilante group that included the Massie’s killed, Joseph Kahahawai, one the rape suspects.
    (SFC, 5/28/05, p.E1)

1932        Sep 12, The German Reichstag under the new chairmanship of Hermann Goring gave a vote of no confidence to Franz von Papen and his government. Just before that vote was taken, Papen had slapped an order on Göring's desk dissolving the Reichstag and calling yet again for new elections.
    (www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/riseofhitler/collapse.htm)

1934        Sep 12, Estonia, Latvia & Lithuania signed the Baltic Entente in Geneva against the USSR.
    (LC, 1998, p.24)(MC, 9/12/01)

1935        Sep 12, Millionaire Howard Hughes flew his own designed plane at 352.46 mph.
    (MC, 9/12/01)

1938        Sep 12, Tatiana Troyanos, mezzo-soprano (Octavian-Der Rosenkavalier), was born in NYC.
    (MC, 9/12/01)
1938        Sep 12, In a speech in Nuremberg, Adolf Hitler demanded self-determination for the Sudeten Germans in Czechoslovakia.
    (AP, 9/12/97)

1939        Sep 12, In response to the invasion of Poland, the French Army advanced into Germany and on this day made their furthest penetration-five miles.
    (HN, 9/12/00)

1940        Sep 12, The Lascaux Caves in France, with their prehistoric wall paintings, were discovered in the Dordogne region. 4 teens, following their dog down a hole near Lascaux France discover 17,000-year-old drawings now known as Lascaux Cave Paintings. The paintings consisting mostly of animal representations (horses), are among the finest examples of art from the Paleolithic period.
    (SFEC, 5/30/99, p.T4)(HN, 9/12/00)(MC, 9/12/01)
1940        Sep 12, Italian forces began an offensive into Egypt from Libya.
    (HN, 9/12/98)

1941        Sep 12, The US ship Busko captured the 1st German ship in WW II.
    (MC, 9/12/01)

1942        Sep 12, Free-Poland & Belgium asked Pope to condemn Nazi-war crimes. He did not.
    (MC, 9/12/01)

1943        Sep 12, Michael Ondaatje, Canadian novelist and poet, was born. His work included "The English Patient."
    (HN, 9/12/00)
1943        Sep 12, German paratroopers took Benito Mussolini from the hotel where he was being held by Italian resistance forces. Waffen-SS troops under Otto Skorzeny freed Mussolini at Gran Sasso in the Abruzzi Mountains.
    (AP, 9/12/97)(SFC, 4/25/97, p.A15)

1944        Sep 12, The second Quebec Conference opened with President Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill in attendance.
    (AP, 9/12/06)
1944        Sep 12, During World War II, U.S. Army troops entered Germany for the first time, near Trier.
    (AP, 9/12/97)(HN, 9/12/98)
1944        Sep 12, A US submarine patrol that included the USS Pampanito, the Growler and the Sealion II, came upon a Japanese convoy carrying war material. The Japanese transport Kachidoki Maru, carrying over 900 British soldier, was sunk by the Pampanito. Much of the convoy was sunk including most of some 2,000 Allied prisoners of war. The subs after chasing stragglers of the convoy returned to find 159 British and Australian survivors clinging to wreckage [see Sep 14]. Some 1000 POWs from Australia were on the Japanese freighter Enoura Maru sunk by the USS Sealion. Alistair Urquhart of Scotland, a prisoner on the Kachidoki Maru, was picked up 5 days later by a Japanese whaling ship and taken to Japan, where he was forced to work in a coal mine. Kachidoki Maru had been captured earlier in the war as the President Harrison home ported in SF. The Pampanito was later berthed as a visitor attraction in SF. In 2008 Urquhart (89) visited the Pampanito.
    (SFC, 5/27/97, p.A17)(SFC,12/5/97, p.C3)(SFC, 9/17/08, p.B1)

1945        Sep 12, French troops landed in Indochina.
    (HN, 9/12/98)

1949        Sep 12, Irina Rodnina, USSR, pairs figure skater (Olympic-gold-1972, 76, 80), was born.
    (MC, 9/12/01)

1952        Sep 12, Noel Coward's "Quadrille," premiered in London.
    (MC, 9/12/01)

1953        Sep 12, Senator John Fitzgerald Kennedy (36) of Massachusetts married Jacqueline Lee Bouvier (24).
    (AP, 9/12/03)
1953        Sep 12, Nikita Khrushchev became the 1st Secretary of USSR Communist Party. His glass and marble Palace of Congresses obliterated the last vestiges of the 17th century palace of Tsarina Natalie Kirilovna Naryshkina, the mother of Peter the Great. [see Sep 13]
    (MC, 9/12/01)(AM, Jul/Aug ‘97 p.33)

1954        Sep 12, Lassie premiered on CBS-TV.
    (AP, 9/12/04)

1957        Sep 12, James Vicary (b.1915), a market researcher, announced that he had invented a new way to get people to buy things, whether they wanted them or not. He called it subliminal advertising and said that he had tested the process at a New Jersey movie theater. In 1962 he admitted that his results were fabricated in order to drum up business for his market research firm. A subliminal projector called a tachistoscope had been used during World War II in training soldiers to recognize enemy aircraft. A book published in 1898 (The New Psychology by E.W. Scripture) laid out most of the principles of subliminal response.
    (WSJ, 11/5/07, p.B1)(www.straightdope.com/classics/a1_187.html)
1957        Sep 12, Archbishop Makarios of Cyprus visited the US.
    (MC, 9/12/01)

1958        Sep 12, The science-fiction movie "The Blob," starring Steve McQueen, billed as "Steven," was released.
    (AP, 9/12/08)
1958        Sep 12, The US Supreme Court, in Cooper v. Aaron, unanimously ruled that Arkansas officials who were resisting public school desegregation orders could not disregard the high court's rulings.
    (AP, 9/12/08)

1959        Sep 12, NBC launched "Bonanza," the first color western on TV. 428 episodes were produced and the show ran to 1973. 431 episodes were filmed at the 570-acre site in Incline Village, Nevada. Michael Landon (d.1991) played Little Joe, Lorne Greene (d.1987) played Ben Cartwright, and Dan Blocker (d.1972) played Hoss. [see Jan 16, 1973]
    (SFC, 9/3/98, p.A12)(SSFC, 6/9/02, p.A29)(SSFC, 8/8/04, p.D2)
1959        Sep 12, The Luna 2, a Soviet space probe, was launched for the moon.
    (SFEC, 9/28/97, p.A14)

1960        Sep 12, Democratic presidential candidate John F. Kennedy addressed the issue of his Roman Catholic faith, telling a Protestant group in Houston, "I do not speak for my church on public matters, and the church does not speak for me."
    (AP, 9/12/00)

1964        Sep 12, Typhoon Gloria struck Taiwan killing 330, with $17.5 million damage.
    (MC, 9/12/01)

1966        Sep 12, "The Monkees" debuted on NBC TV. "Hey, hey we're the Monkees- and we don't monkey around." The show ran to 1868 and won an Emmy.
    (WSJ, 1/9/97, p.A8)(AP, 9/12/01)
1966        Sep 12, The situation comedy Family Affair'' premiered on CBS.
    (AP, 9/12/06)   
1966        Sep 12, The Beatles received a gold record for "Yellow Submarine."
    (MC, 9/12/01)

1970        Sep 12, US professor Timothy Leary, LSD proponent, escaped from a California jail. Leary escaped from the State Men’s Colony in San Luis Obispo with the help of his third wife, Rosemary and the Weather Underground. He went to Algiers and joined Black Panther leader Eldridge Cleaver, who kidnapped the Learys after a political disagreement. They soon escaped and made their way to Afghanistan. In 1974 he was caught and revealed his collaborators to the FBI.
    (http://tinyurl.com/4ncp8t)(SFC, 6/1/96, p.A7)(SFC, 7/1/99, p.A9)
1970        Sep 12, The Univ. of Alabama under coach Bear Bryant football team played against an integrated opponent for the 1st time losing to the Univ. of Southern California 42-21.
    (WSJ, 9/8/05, p.D10)
1970        Sep 12, The Soviet Union launched its unmanned Soviet Luna 16. It was the first robotic probe to land on the Moon and return a sample to Earth.
    (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna_16)

1972        Sep 12, The situation comedy "Maude" premiered on CBS.
    (AP, 9/12/02)

1974        Sep 12, The start of court-ordered busing to achieve racial integration in Boston's public schools was marred by violence in South Boston. The Boston desegregation plan had been drafted by Robert Dentler (1928-2008) and Marvin Scott of Boston Univ.
    (AP, 9/12/99)(SFC, 4/8/08, p.B5)
1974        Sep 12, Haile Selassie I, "King of Kings, Lord of Lords, and Conquering Lion of the Tribe of Judah," was deposed by the military from the Ethiopian throne. A military committee (known as the Dergue) was established from several divisions of the Ethiopian Armed forces. General Aman Amdon was elected as spokesperson for the Dergue and implemented policies for the country, which included land distribution to peasants, nationalizing industries and services under public ownership and led Ethiopia into the Socialism.
    (AP, 9/12/99)(http://tinyurl.com/7lnnz)
1974        Sep 12, In its 1st major attack ETA killed 12 people with a bomb at a Madrid cafe.
    (AP, 3/22/06)

1977        Sep 12, Robert Lowell (b.1917), US poet (Near the Ocean), died of a heart attack in NYC. In 2003 Frank Bidart and David Gewanter edited "Robert Lowell: Collected Poems." In 2005 Saskia Hamilton edited “The Letters of Robert Lowell.”
    (www.kirjasto.sci.fi/rlowell.htm)(SSFC, 7/13/03, p.M6)(Econ, 7/25/05, p.73)
1977        Sep 12, In South Africa Steven Biko died while under police custody. He headed the Black Consciousness Movement and was the country’s best known political dissident. He was detained and held in Port Elizabeth and later driven naked in a truck 700 miles to Pretoria where he died in a prison cell. In 1997 the five police officers involved in his detention filed for amnesty. They were retired Col. Harold Snyman, retired Lt. Col. Gideon Nieuwoudt, Ruben Marx, Johan Beneke, and then Capt. Daantjie Siebert. In 1999 former Detective Sgt. Gideon Nieuwoudt was denied amnesty because he denied any crime. This killing was the breaking point and led to international protests and a UN imposed arms embargo.
    (SFC, 1/28/97, p.A7)(WSJ, 2/6/97, p.A9)(AP, 9/12/97)(SFEC, 1/10/99, p.A23)(MC, 9/12/01)

1978        Sep 12, The TV sitcom "Taxi" premiered on ABC television.
    (http://www.timvp.com/taxi.html)
1978        Sep 12, The first annual "Day of Martyrs" was held in South Africa to remember those who gave their lives in the struggle against apartheid.
    (http://tinyurl.com/3xydbn)

1980        Sep 12, Yao Ming was born in Shanghai, China. He grew to 7’6’’ and in 2002 was drafted to play for the Houston Rockets basketball team.
    (SSFC, 5/22/05, p.24)
1980        Sep 12, Turkish military took over in coup after factional fighting. All political parties were abolished. Gen. Kenan Evren led a bloodless coup in response to years of street battles between left and right-wing radical groups that left some 5,000 dead.
    (AP, 11/4/02)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_Turkish_coup_d'%C3%A9tat)

1981        Sep 12, George Leong, poet, organized the first Annual Asian American Jazz Festival.
    (SFC, 5/12/96, p.C-1)
1981        Sep 12, The TV show "People's Court" (1981-1993) premiered with retired Judge Joseph Wopner premiered. Rusty Burrell was the bailiff (d.2002).
    (www.tv.com/the-peoples-court/show/12330/summary.html)(SFC, 4/20/02, p.A23)

1983        Sep 12, Filiberto Ojeda Rios (d.2005), a Puerto Rican nationalist leader, was involved in the robbery of a Connecticut armored truck. It was considered an act of domestic terrorism because the money was used to fund activities by the Puerto Rican nationalist Macheteros, or Cane Cutters. Only about $80,000 of the $7 million was recovered. In 2005 Rios was shot and killed by FBI agents in Puerto Rico (www.amw.com/fugitives/case.cfm?id=24432). In 2008 Avelino Gonzalez Claudio (65), a Puerto Rican militant suspected in the Connecticut robbery, was arrested in Puerto Rico, where he lived quietly under an assumed name.
    (http://tinyurl.com/2rju8s)(AP, 9/25/05)(AP, 2/8/08)
1983        Sep 12, The USSR vetoed a UN resolution deploring its shooting down of South Korea’s KAL flight 007 plane.
    (www.globalpolicy.org/security/membship/veto/vetosubj.htm)

1986        Sep 12, Joseph Cicippio, the acting comptroller at the American University in Beirut, was kidnapped; he was released in December 1991.
    (AP, 9/12/97)
1986        Sep 12, Frank Nelson (b.1911), actor (Jack Benny Show), died in Hollywood, Ca.
    (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Nelson)
1986        Sep 12, The United States released Soviet physicist Gennady Zakharov. On Sep 29 the Soviet Union released journalist Nicholas Daniloff. Both had been accused of espionage.
    (http://www.russianlife.net/article.cfm?Number=407)(AP, 9/29/01)

1987        Sep 12, Reports surfaced that Democratic presidential candidate Joseph Biden had borrowed, without attribution, passages of a speech by British Labor Party leader Neil Kinnock for one of his own campaign speeches. The Kinnock report, along with other damaging revelations, prompted Biden to drop his White House bid.
    (AP, 9/12/97)

1988        Sep 12, Hurricane Gilbert, called the storm of the century, smashed into the Gulf coast. It slammed into Jamaica with torrential rains and winds of 145 mph, killing 45 people and causing damage estimated at up to $1 billion. It also devastated the Yucatan peninsula and left 225 people dead. The storm hit the Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Cuba, Cayman Islands and Mexico before striking Texas.
    (NOHY, 3/90, p.181)(AP, 9/12/97)(SFC, 10/10/97, p.A15)

1989        Sep 12, David Dinkins, Manhattan borough president, won New York City's Democratic mayoral primary, defeating incumbent Mayor Ed Koch and two other candidates on his way to becoming the city's first black mayor.
    (AP, 9/12/99)

1990        Sep 12, The TV drama “Gabriel’s Fire” premiered with James Earl Jones as Gabriel Bird.
    (LSA, Fall, 2007, p.27)(www.imdb.com/title/tt0098801/)
1990        Sep 12, Representatives of the World War Two allies and West and East Germany signed the Two Plus Four Treaty in Moscow giving international sanction to German unity.
    (AP, 9/12/00)(www.foothill.fhda.edu/divisions/unification/finalset.html)

1991        Sep 12, Saying Middle East peace negotiations might be in jeopardy, President Bush told reporters he would use his veto authority, if necessary, to delay action on Israel's call for $10 billion in housing loan guarantees.
    (AP, 9/12/01)
1991        Sep 12, The space shuttle Discovery blasted off on a mission to deploy an observatory designed to study the Earth's ozone layer.
    (AP, 9/12/01)

1992        Sep 12, The space shuttle Endeavour blasted off, carrying with it Mark Lee and Jan Davis, the first married couple in space; Mae Jemison, the first black woman in space; and Mamoru Mohri, the first Japanese citizen to fly on a U.S. spaceship.
    (AP, 9/12/97)
1992        Sep 12, Actor Anthony Perkins died from AIDS in Hollywood at age 60.
    (AP, 9/12/97)(www.imdb.com/name/nm0000578/bio)
1992        Sep 12, Ed Peck, actor (Zoot Suit, Bullitt), died of heart attack at 75.
    (www.imdb.com/name/nm0669653/)
1992        Sep 12, In Peru the Shining Path guerilla leader Abimael Guzman was captured by police chief Ketin Vidal with help from a CIA operative nick-named “Superman.” Oscar Ramirez, aka Feliciano, took over the leadership. Guzman, a former philosophy professor, was tried by a military court and sentenced to life in jail. The verdict was overturned in Jan 2003.
    (SFE, 9/17/96, p.A11)(SFC, 7/14/99, p.C10)(SFC, 12/8/00, p.A20)(Econ, 10/30/04, p.44)

1993        Sep 12, The space shuttle Discovery blasted off from Cape Canaveral on a 10-day mission.
    (AP, 9/12/98)
1993        Sep 12, Actor Raymond Burr (76) died of liver cancer at his Northern California ranch.
    (AP, 9/12/98)

1994        Sep 12, A stolen, single-engine Cessna crashed into the South Lawn of the White House, coming to rest against the executive mansion; the pilot, Frank Corder, was killed.
    (AP, 9/12/99)
1994        Sep 12, Tom Ewell (S. Yewell Tompkins), US actor (7 Year Itch), died at 85.
    (www.imdb.com/name/nm0263885/)
1994        Sep 12, In Canada the Parti Quebecois won a parliamentary election.
    (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebec_general_election,_1994)

1995        Sep 12, The Belarussian military border guards shot down a hydrogen balloon during an international race, killing its two American pilots.
    (SFC, 9/2/96, p.A12)(AP, 9/12/00)
1995        Sep 12, Jeremy Brett, English actor (Sherlock Holmes), died at 59.
    (www.imdb.com/name/nm0107950/)

1996        Sep 12, Last-minute intervention by Republican presidential candidate Bob Dole led to Senate postponement of action on a treaty designed to eliminate chemical weapons. President Clinton said the agreement was threatened by "a bitter partisan debate."
    (AP, 9/12/97)
1996        Sep 12, The first African-American civil War memorial was dedicated in Washington DC.
    (SFC, 9/11/96, p.C1)
1996        Sep 12, The Turkish government agreed to allow some 2,500 Iraqi Kurds, former US employees and their families, to enter Turkey and be evacuated to the US.
    (SFC, 9/13/96, p.A13)
1996        Sep 12, In Columbia government officials promised to halt forcible destruction of small coca plantations for the time being in order to end protests.
    (SFC, 9/13/96, p.A13)

1997        Sep 12, Pres. Clinton named Dr. David Satcher, 56, as the new surgeon general.
    (SFC, 9/13/97, p.A20)
1997        Sep 12, With little to show after three days of shuttle diplomacy, Secretary of State Madeleine Albright declared she wouldn't return to the Mideast until Israeli and Palestinian leaders made the "hard decisions" necessary to restart peace talks.
    (AP, 9/12/98)
1997        Sep 12, Senate Foreign Relations Chairman Jesse Helms, exercising iron control, prevented any committee hearing on William Weld's nomination to be ambassador to Mexico.
    (AP, 9/12/98)
1997        Sep 12, Edwin Lawrence Njuguna of Kenya was stabbed to death in Napa, Calif., after being dragged with two friends from a car by skinheads.
    (SFC, 10/1/97, p.A12)
1997        Sep 12, It was reported that Comoros government troops under Pres. Mohamed Taki were routed on Anjouan and half of a force of 300 were killed or captured by people who demanded to be French again.
    (SFC, 9/12/97, p.A12)
1997        Sep 12, In southeast Congo a plane crashed enroute to a religious meeting. All 20 aboard were killed.
    (SFEC, 9/14/97, p.A24)
1997        Sep 12, The Chinese Communist Party Congress opened under Pres. Jiang Zemin and embraced a program of bold economic reform. The event was held every 5 years. Jiang Zemin was expected to stay as general-secretary. The positions of Li Peng and Qiao Shi were in question. Jiang issued a call to use layoffs, bankruptcies, shareholding and other capitalist policies to attack the nation’s industrial ills.
    (SFC, 8/28/97, p.C2)(SFC, 9/13/97, p.A8)(SFC, 9/15/97, p.A10)
1997        Sep 12, In Mexico a crowd of tens of thousands rallied in the central square of Mexico City in support of the Zapatista movement.
    (SFEC, 9/14/97, p.A24)

1998        Sep 12, Sammy Sosa of the Chicago Cubs became the fourth major league baseball player to hit 60 home runs in a single season.
    (AP, 9/12/99)
1998        Sep 12, Lindsay Davenport won the U.S. Open, defeating defending champion Martina Hingis, 6-3, 7-5.
    (AP, 9/12/99)
1998        Sep 12, The White House responded to Kenneth Starr's graphic report on President Clinton by calling it a "hit-and-run smear campaign."
    (AP, 9/12/03)
1998        Sep 12, Leaders of striking pilots at Northwest Airlines ratified a new contract, ending a walkout that began August 28.
    (AP, 9/12/03)
1998        Sep 12, In Albania Democratic Party leader Azem Hajdari (35) was assassinated.
    (WSJ, 9/14/98, p.A1)(USAT, 9/15/98, p.12A)(SFC, 9/14/98, p.A12)
1998         Sep 12, In Chile the anniversary of the 1973 coup was marked by weekend clashes with police and 2 people were killed and 77 injured.
    (WSJ, 9/14/98, p.A1)
1998        Sep 12, In Israel as many as 100,000 people rallied in Tel Aviv demanding that the government move the peace process forward.
    (SFEC, 10/4/98, p.T11)

1999        Sep 12, "The Practice" and "Ally McBeal," both created by writer-producer David E. Kelley, were named best drama series and best comedy series at the 51st Emmy Awards.
    (AP, 9/12/00)
1999        Sep 12, Andre Agassi captured his second US Open title, dominating Todd Martin 6-4, 6-7 (5-7), 6-7 (2-7), 6-3, 6-2.
    (AP, 9/12/00)
1999         Sep 12, In Bangladesh police clashed with protestors seeking the resignation of Prime Minister Hasina. Opposition parties called for a 3-day general strike.
    (WSJ, 9/13/99, p.A1)
1999        Sep 12, In Dagestan Russian troops seized control of the villages of Karamakhi and Chabanmakhi.
    (SFC, 9/13/99, p.A13)
1999        Sep 12, In Indonesia Pres. Habibie under intense international pressure said he will allow armed foreign peacekeepers into East Timor. Reports had reached Jakarta that troops had attacked 30,000 people in the seminary town of Dare.
    (SFC, 9/13/99, p.A1,10)(AP, 9/12/00)
1999        Sep 12, North Korea agreed indirectly to freeze its missile testing program.
    (SFC, 9/13/99, p.A10)

2000        Sep 12, Hillary Rodham became the first first lady to win an election as she claimed victory in the New York Democratic Senate primary, defeating little-known opponent Dr. Mark McMahon.
    (AP, 9/12/01)
2000        Sep 12, Chase Manhattan agreed to acquire J.P. Morgan for about $36 billion in stock.
    (WSJ, 9/13/00, p.A1)
2000        Sep 12, Stanley Turrentine, saxophonist, died at age 66.
    (SFC, 9/13/00, p.A23)
2000        Sep 12, A series of clashes between police and protesters marred a generally peaceful second day of the three-day Asia-Pacific Economic Summit in Melbourne, Australia.
    (AP, 9/12/01)
2000        Sep 12, The EU lifted diplomatic sanctions against Austria.
    (SFC, 9/13/00, p.A12)
2000        Sep 12, In Chechnya a truck bomb killed a woman and her daughter in the Oktyabrsky market in Grozny.
    (SFC, 9/14/00, p.C7)
2000        Sep 12, In the Netherlands a bill was passed that converted same-sex partnerships into full-fledged marriages.
    (SFC, 9/13/00, p.A12)
2000        Sep 12, In Zimbabwe the stock exchange made a record 500 point gain after the IMF announced that it would not resume financial assistance. The official inflation was 53.6% and local cash could not be moved out of the country.
    (WSJ, 9/15/00, p.A17)

2001        Sep 12, Pres. Bush called Tuesday’s terrorist attacks "acts of war." Stunned rescue workers continued to search for bodies in the World Trade Center's smoking rubble a day after a terrorist attack that shut down the financial capital, badly damaged the Pentagon and left thousands dead. The US began building a broad int’l. coalition for a possible military retaliation against those responsible for the terrorist attacks on Sep 11. Federal authorities said followers of Osama bin Laden were responsible for airline hijackings directed at NYC and the Pentagon. The US air system remained grounded and financial markets closed.
    (SFC, 9/13/01, p.A1,16)(AP, 9/12/02)
2001        Sep 12, The FAA gave airlines a 3-page security directive to guard against further terrorist attacks. It included a ban on curbside checking and effectively eliminated the jobs of thousands of skycaps.
    (WSJ, 9/13/01, p.A1)(WSJ, 9/17/01, p.A6)
2001        Sep 12, In Afghanistan Mohammad Omar, the Taliban leader, went into hiding. The Taliban military repositioned weaponry in anticipation of a US strike.
    (SFC, 9/13/01, p.A12)
2001        Sep 12, An Israeli woman was killed by a Palestinian shooting ambush in the West Bank.
    (SFC, 9/13/01, p.A12)
2001        Sep 12, In Mexico a twin-engine LET 410 plane crashed in the Yucatan and all 19 people aboard were killed. The 16 passengers were all Seattle-area tourists on a Holland America cruise.
    (SFC, 9/13/01, p.C3)(SFC, 9/14/01, p.A32)
2001        Sep 12, In Nigeria fighting resumed in Jos and the death toll estimate was raised to 165. Police moved to quell the violence.
    (SFC, 9/13/01, p.C2)

2002        Sep 12, Pres. Bush addressed the UN and laid out his case against Iraq's Pres. Saddam Hussein. Bush told skeptical world leaders at the United Nations to confront the "grave and gathering danger" of Saddam Hussein's Iraq, or to stand aside as the United States acted. Bush was expected to announce US plans to rejoin Unesco, headquartered in Paris. France favored a demand for weapons inspectors in Iraq along with force if Iraq resisted.
    (WSJ, 9/12/02, p.A1,4)(SFC, 9/13/02, p.A1)(AP, 9/12/03)
2002        Sep 12, L. Dennis Kozlowski (55), former CEO of Tyco Int'l. was indicted along with Mark Swartz, financial adviser, for a $600 million racketeering scheme. 3 former Tyco International executives were charged with looting the conglomerate of hundreds of millions of dollars; all three pleaded innocent at their arraignment in New York.
    (SFC, 9/13/02, p.B1)(AP, 9/12/03)(WSJ, 10/30/03, p.C1)
2002        Sep 12, Tahitian authorities found a 55-foot catamaran, the Hakuna Matata, that belonged to former NBA star Bison Dele (b.1969 as Brian Carson Williams). His brother, Kevin Williams (Miles Dabord) was seen docking the catamaran on July 16 in Taravao, Tahiti. Williams met his girlfriend on July 8 in Papeete and described a scuffle that left 3 people dead. He was last seen Sept. 5 in Phoenix, when he tried to pick up an order for $500,000 in American Double Eagle coins using his brother's passport. A comatose Williams was arrested Sep 19 at a San Diego hospital and died Sep 27.
    (SFC, 9/14/02, p.A15)(SFC, 9/17/02, p.A1)(SFC, 9/19/02, p.A7)(SFC, 9/20/02, p.A1)(SFC, 9/21/02, p.A1)(SFC, 9/28/02, p.A5)
2002        Sep 12, In Maine 14 guest workers from Honduras and Guatemala were drowned when their van fell off a bridge into the Allagash Wilderness Waterway.
    (SFC, 9/13/02, p.A3)
2002        Sep 12, The World Bank pledged $120 million to help Angola rebuild after more than two decades of civil war, but told its leaders they must take measures to dispel suspicion of high-level corruption.
    (AP, 9/12/02)
2002        Sep 12, In western Guatemala heavy rains loosened a mountainside, burying about 30 homes and killing at least 17 people. Officials said that nearly two dozen others were missing.
    (AP, 9/13/02)
2002        Sep 12, In Nicaragua prosecutors have filed new corruption charges against Amelia Aleman, sister of former President Arnoldo Aleman, accusing her of embezzling funds from a state-owned construction company and ordering its work force to handle her private home-improvement projects.
    (AP, 9/13/02)

2003        Sep 12, A climate prediction experiment, expected to involve two million people around the world, was launched. The program, downloaded from (www.climateprediction.net) and ran on an ordinary desktop or laptop computer.
    (Reuters, 9/11/03)
2003        Sep 12, Johnny Cash (71), singer, died. His rough, unsteady voice championed the downtrodden and reached across generations with songs like "Ring of Fire," "I Walk the Line" and "Folsom Prison Blues."
    (AP, 9/12/03)(SFC, 9/13/03, p.A12)
2003        Sep 12, In Colombia 4 Israelis, 2 Britons, a German and a Spaniard were kidnapped near archaeological ruins high in the Sierra Nevada, about 465 miles north of  Bogota. 2 of the tourists were freed Nov 24. The other 4 were released Dec 22. In 2004 the German government billed Reinhilt Weigel $17,630 to cover the cost of a helicopter used to bring her part of the way home, after she was released by rebels. In 2009 she lost her appeal.
    (AP, 9/15/03)(WSJ, 11/25/03, p.A1)(AP, 12/23/03)(SFC, 5/29/09, p.A2)
2003        Sep 12, In Bombay (Mumbai), India, police shot and killed a man believed to have masterminded car bombings in Bombay last month that killed 53 people. Naseer and his aide were traveling in a car that carried explosives, guns and detonators when police intercepted it.
    (AP, 9/12/03)
2003        Sep 12, US soldiers mistakenly opened fire on uniformed Iraqi policemen chasing highway bandits at night, killing eight officers and a Jordanian security guard in Fallujah.
    (AP, 9/12/04)
2003        Sep 12, The Palestinians urged the UN Security Council to demand that Israel not expel Yasser Arafat and halt any threats to his safety.
    (AP, 9/12/03)
2003        Sep 12, In Portugal's Madeira Islands a small airplane crashed into the sea, apparently killing all nine people on board. The Beechcraft 200 was carrying eight Spaniards and a British pilot from the islands off northwest Africa to the southern Spanish city of Malaga.
    (AP, 9/12/03)
2003        Sep 12, In Rwanda Paul Kagame took the oath of office as the nation's first popularly elected president since the 1994 genocide.
    (AP, 9/12/03)
2003        Sep 12, Typhoon Maemi, the most powerful ever to ever hit South Korea, flipped over a floating hotel, twisted massive cranes, killed at least 117 people. The main port of Busan reported $1.3 billion in damage.
    (WSJ, 9/16/03, p.A1)(AP, 9/13/04)
2003        Sep 12, The UN Security Council lifted 11-year-old sanctions on Libya after Moammar Gadhafi's government took responsibility for bombing a Pan Am jet over Scotland and agreed to pay the victims' families $2.7 billion.
    (AP, 9/12/03)

2004        Sep 12, The US fiscal gap, measured as future receipts minus future obligations, was reported to be between $40 and 72 trillion. The debt portended a severe economic decline or financial collapse.
    (SSFC, 9/12/04, p.A1)
2004        Sep 12, US Airways filed for bankruptcy protection for the second time in two years.
    (AP, 9/12/05)
2004        Sep 12, In Columbus, Ohio, a suspected arson fire in an apartment complex left 10 people dead.
    (SFC, 9/13/04, p.A3)
2004        Sep 12, Jerome Chodorov (93), playwright, died in Nyack, N.Y.
    (AP, 9/12/05)
2004        Sep 12, In southern Afghanistan US forces backed by helicopter gunships killed 22 insurgents, including 3 Arab fighters.
    (AP, 9/13/04)(SFC, 9/14/04, p.A7)
2004        Sep 12, In Heart, Afghanistan, mobs loyal to Gov. Khan burned a half dozen int’l. aid compounds and as many as 7 people were killed.
    (SFC, 9/13/04, p.A3)(WSJ, 9/13/04, p.A1)
2004        Sep 12, Hurricane Ivan skirted Grand Cayman with winds near 155 mph as it churned toward Cuba. The storm has been blamed for 56 deaths across the Caribbean so far, including 34 in Grenada and 11 in Jamaica.
    (AP, 9/12/04)
2004        Sep 12, People in Hong Kong turned out in large numbers for a legislative election, many venting anger at their leaders and hoping to hand pro-democracy opposition politicians unprecedented clout in the Chinese territory. Pro-democracy opposition figures gained more clout in Hong Kong's legislature with three new seats, but they fell short of expectations.
    (AP, 9/12/04)(AP, 9/13/04)
2004        Sep 12, Militants pounded central Baghdad with intense mortar barrages, targeting the Green Zone and destroying a U.S. vehicle along a major street. At least 25 people were killed, including an Arab television journalist, some of them when a US helicopter fired at crowds around the burning vehicle. The death toll across Iraq reached 59.
    (AP, 9/12/04)(SFC, 9/13/04, p.A1)
2004        Sep 12, Three Polish soldiers were killed in Iraq when they were attacked with grenades and machine-gun fire as they returned to their base from a demining operation.
    (AP, 9/12/04)
2004        Sep 12, Pakistani security forces and militants clashed in fighting that killed at least nine people in the mountains near the Afghan border.
    (AP, 9/13/04)

2005        Sep 12, Michael Brown, the director of the US Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), resigned after being recalled to Washington amid criticism of the federal response to Hurricane Katrina. Officials reported that 45 bodies were found at Memorial Hospital in New Orleans. This raised the official death toll from Hurricane Katrina in Louisiana to 280.
    (Reuters, 9/12/05)(SFC, 9/13/05, p.A8)
2005        Sep 12, At the start of his confirmation hearing, US Supreme Court nominee John Roberts pledged to judge with humility and without fear or favor'' if approved as the nation's 17th chief justice.
    (AP, 9/12/06)
2005        Sep 12, In California worker error at Toluca Lake caused a power outage in the LA area. Most of the power was restored within 90 minutes.
    (SFC, 9/13/05, p.A3)
2005        Sep 12, Oracle Corp. confirmed that CEO Larry Ellison would pay $100 million to a charity to settle charges of insider trading.
    (SFC, 9/13/05, p.D1)
2005        Sep 12, EBay has agreed to buy fast-growing Internet start-up Skype for up to $4.1 billion in cash and shares, in a move to tap new sources of growth and add free Web telephone calls to its online auctions. Niklos Zennstrom of Sweden and Janus Friis of Denmark founded Skype using a programming team from Estonia.
    (AP, 9/12/05)(Econ, 9/17/05, p.69)
2005        Sep 12, Business software maker Oracle Corp. is buying its struggling rival Siebel Systems Inc. for about $5.85 billion, continuing a recent shopping spree that has eliminated two of its biggest competitors in nine months.
    (AP, 9/12/05)
2005        Sep 12, An official said China will no longer consider death tolls and other relevant information about natural disasters to be state secrets in a move aimed at boosting government transparency.
    (AP, 9/12/05)
2005        Sep 12, In Colombia Porfirio Ramirez (42) and his son, Linsen Ramirez (22), hijacked  a Colombian airline. The father in a wheelchair dodged a checkpoint and smuggled grenades onto a plane. All passengers and crew were eventually freed unharmed. The elder hijacker said he hijacked the plane to bring attention to a case in which he was partially paralyzed by a police bullet during a raid on his house some 14 years ago and had unsuccessfully sought government compensation.
    (AP, 9/13/05)
2005        Sep 12, An international environmental group warned that only 887 hippos are left in Congo, and that they will be extinct in the African country. The latest aerial survey puts the hippopotamus population in northeastern Congo's Virunga National Park down to under 1,000 animals, compared to some 29,000 in 1974.
    (AP, 9/12/05)
2005        Sep 12, President Jacques Chirac, following a weeklong hospital stay, met with India's PM Singh.
    (AP, 9/12/05)
2005        Sep 12, The new Hong Kong Disneyland theme park on Lantau Island opened. Zeng Qinghong, China’s vice-president, presided over opening ceremonies.
    (SSFC, 9/18/05, p.C2)(Econ, 9/17/05, p.44)
2005        Sep 12, A huge car bomb exploded outside a popular restaurant in Baghdad's upscale Mansour neighborhood. At least one person was killed and 17 were wounded.
    (AP, 9/12/05)
2005        Sep 12, In Japan PM Junichiro Koizumi's triumph in parliamentary polls handed the leader a new mandate to harness his revitalized ruling party and turn promises into action for a range of sweeping economic reforms.
    (AP, 9/12/05)
2005        Sep 12, King Abdullah II of Jordan paid Pope Benedict XVI a visit, saying he wanted to foster an honest dialogue between the West and moderate Islam.
    (AP, 9/12/05)
2005        Sep 12, In Mexico Chinese President Hu Jintao promised Mexican leaders that he would crack down on the millions of dollars worth of Chinese contraband entering their nation, goods that undermine Mexican businesses ranging from sandal makers to religious icon sellers.
    (AP, 9/12/05)
2005        Sep 12, Armed men broke into an upscale Amsterdam home and kidnapped Claudia Melchers (37), the daughter of a millionaire whose fortune came from selling chemicals, including to Iraq in the 1980s. Her children were left unharmed.
    (AP, 9/13/05)
2005        Sep 12, Protestant extremists attacked Northern Ireland police and British troops into a third day, littering streets with rubble and burned-out vehicles in violence sparked by anger over a restricted parade.
    (AP, 9/12/05)
2005        Sep 12, Norwegians lined up at polling stations in what promised to be a close race between a governing center-right coalition advocating lower taxes and a left-leaning opposition that wants to spend more of the Nordic nation's oil wealth on the welfare system. Jens Stoltenberg, head of the Labor Party, and 2 allied parties won 87 of the parliament’s 169 seats.
    (AP, 9/12/05)(Econ, 9/17/05, p.51)
2005        Sep 12, Pakistan’s President Pervez Musharraf offered to construct a security fence to deter incursion of militants and drug merchants from Afghanistan.
    (AP, 9/12/05)
2005        Sep 12, Joyous Gazans flooded into empty Jewish settlements and Palestinians climbed ropes and clambered over walls to the Egyptian side of Rafah to join a chaotic celebration of the end of 38 years of Israeli military rule over the Gaza Strip. Palestinians set fire to abandoned synagogues.
    (AP, 9/12/05)
2005        Sep 12, Samsung Electronics of South Korea unveiled the world's first 16-gigabit NAND flash memory chip, a device the firm said will usher in a new era in data storage.
    (AP, 9/12/05)
2005        Sep 12, Syria consented to a UN investigator's request to question top officials about the assassination of former Lebanese Prime Minister Rafik Hariri, a probe that increases the pressure on an increasingly isolated Damascus.
    (AP, 9/12/05)
2005        Sep 12, Turkey sold a 51% stake in Tupras, an oil refinery, for $4.1 billion to a consortium of Koc Holding and Royal Dutch/Shell.
    (Econ, 9/17/05, p.64)
2005        Sep 12, A senior UN official said traffickers have been shifting to the manufacture of amphetamine-type drugs in Asia as cultivation and production of heroin drops sharply.
    (AP, 9/13/05)
2005        Sep 12, Uzbekistan, increasingly hostile toward foreign non-governmental organizations it accuses of fomenting revolution in the ex-Soviet state, shut a second US charity in four days.
    (AP, 9/13/05)

2006        Sep 12, In California Gov. Schwarzenegger signed a minimum wage bill that will boost the hourly rate by 75 cents in January and another 50 cents a year later to $8 an hour.
    (SFC, 9/13/06, p.B3)
2006        Sep 12, Hewlett-Packard named CEO Mark Hurd to succeed Patricia Dunn as board chairman as of mid-January 2007 following the recent furor over phone probes of board members.
    (WSJ, 9/13/06, p.A1)
2006        Sep 12, Joan Valerie Bondurant, former spy and UC prof. of political science, died in Tucson, Az. She had translated documents for the CIA in India where she met Gandhi and grew fascinated by satyagraha, a thesis of nonviolent resistance. Her books included “Conquest of Violence: The Gandhian Philosophy of Conflict” (1958).
    (SFC, 9/21/06, p.B5)
2006        Sep 12, Hurricane Florence headed toward north Atlantic shipping lanes after blowing out windows, peeling away roofs and knocking out power to thousands in Bermuda.
    (AP, 9/12/06)
2006        Sep 12, Afghan forces killed 12 suspected Taliban militants in a shootout south of Kabul. More than 30 suspected insurgents were detained as security forces fought back against a deadly spike in violence. The UN urged NATO forces to take military action to destroy the opium industry in southern Afghanistan, saying cultivation of the crop is out of control.
    (AP, 9/12/06)
2006        Sep 12, In Bangladesh police in Dhaka baton-charged thousands of opposition supporters in violent clashes outside the prime minister's office that left at least 110 people injured. A 14-party opposition alliance led by the Awami League is demanding electoral reforms ahead of January's national elections.
    (AP, 9/12/06)
2006        Sep 12, Canada and the United States formally signed an agreement to end a protracted dispute over Canadian softwood lumber.
    (Reuters, 9/12/06)
2006        Sep 12, Pope Benedict XVI delivered a speech at Regensburg Univ. that included brusque words about Islam. He quoted a 14th century Byzantine emperor as saying “Show me just what Muhammad brought that was new, and there you will find things only evil and inhuman, such as his command to spread by the sword the faith he preached.” The speech quickly provoked criticism from the world’s Muslim communities. The pontiff later said he regretted that Muslims were offended.
    (SFC, 9/15/06, p.A17)(AP, 9/12/07)
2006        Sep 12, Iraqi PM Nouri al-Maliki made his first official visit to Iran since taking office and planned to ask Tehran to prevent al-Qaida members believed to be in Iran from crossing into Iraq to carry out attacks. A parked car bomb detonated in Baghdad's upscale Mansour neighborhood, killing at least six people and wounding 18 others. Bombings, mortar attacks and shootings overnight and during the day left at least 24 people dead and dozens wounded around the country.
    (AP, 9/12/06)
2006        Sep 12, An Israeli military court ordered the release of 18 imprisoned Hamas lawmakers, including three Cabinet ministers, and raised questions about the army's case. A spokesman for the outgoing Hamas-led administration said the group is prepared to back peace efforts with Israel as part of the new coalition government being formed by the Palestinians. Hamas militants killed an Israeli soldier during a gunbattle in the Gaza Strip.
    (AP, 9/12/06)
2006        Sep 12, In Mexico gunmen ambushed and killed Enrique Barrera, police chief of the town of Linares in the border state of Nuevo Leon, in the latest slaying of a law officer in a region ravaged by a war between drug gangs.
    (AP, 9/13/06)
2006        Sep 12, Montenegro's election authorities said the governing pro-Western coalition led by Prime Minister Milo Djukanovic won last weekend's parliamentary elections.
    (AP, 9/12/06)
2006        Sep 12, Serbia toughened its stand on Kosovo as parliament decided that a planned new constitution would refer to the disputed province as an "integral" part of Serbia, regardless of U.N.-led negotiations on whether to grant it independence.
    (AP, 9/12/06)
2006        Sep 12, In Syria armed Islamic militants attempted to storm the US Embassy in Damascus. Four people were killed, including three of the assailants. One of Syria's anti-terrorism forces was killed and 11 other people were wounded. The only Islamic militant arrested in the attack died from his wounds, and authorities were unable to question him.
    (AP, 9/12/06)(AP, 9/13/06)
2006        Sep 12, In Turkey a bomb exploded near a park in a primarily residential area of Diyarbakir and 10 people were killed. 7 children were among the dead. The bomb was made by hand, placed in a thermos and went off as it was being transported.
    (AP, 9/13/06)
2006        Sep 12, Uganda extended a September 12 deadline for the rebel Lord's Resistance Army to agree to a peace deal or lose an amnesty offer for war crimes charges its leaders face.
    (AFP, 9/13/06)
2006        Sep 12, In Yemen a stampede during a campaign rally for President Ali Abdullah Saleh killed at least 51 people and injured more than 230, most of them schoolchildren and teenagers.
    (AP, 9/12/06)

2007        Sep 12, The US SEC said it had filed civil fraud charges against Douglas Hamilton, Craig Johnson, James Kinney and Kenneth Taylor, the former vice presidents of finance for Toronto-based Nortel's optical, wireline, wireless and enterprise business units.
    (AP, 9/13/07)
2007        Sep 12, Exxon Mobil Corp. said in a filing with the SEC that it had filed a request with the Int’l. Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes for arbitration over compensation from the Venezuelan government for seized oil production assets.
    (WSJ, 9/14/07, p.A9)
2007        Sep 12, Oil prices briefly topped a record $80 a barrel.
    (AP, 9/12/08)
2007        Sep 12, The World Conservation Union's 2007 Red List of Threatened Species reported that more than 16,300 species of animals and plants are on the verge of disappearing from the planet, with nearly 200 more species approaching extinction within the last year. Gorillas and orangutans were both classified as Critically Endangered.
    (www.livescience.com/animals/070912_red_list.html)
2007        Sep 12, Phil Frank (b.1943), creator of the Farley and Elderberries comic strips, died from a brain tumor in Bolinas, Ca. His Farley strip had run in the SF Chronicle for decades.
    (SFC, 9/14/07, p.A1)
2007        Sep 12, Qari Yousef Ahmadi, a Taliban spokesman, said that US and other military forces must leave Afghanistan before the militant group would consider holding peace talks with the Afghan government, backtracking from an earlier statement. Fighting in Afghanistan killed some 75 people as the Muslim holy month of Ramadan began, including 45 suspected Taliban militants who died in airstrikes and Afghan army gunfire.
    (AP, 9/12/07)(AP, 9/13/07)
2007        Sep 12, The specter of foot and mouth disease returned to haunt Britain after a new suspected outbreak was detected close to last month's outbreak site.
    (AFP, 9/12/07)
2007        Sep 12, Canada’s defense minister said Canada will give a one-time payment of $19,200 to people who say their health was harmed by US military Agent Orange spray programs at a base in eastern Canada 40 years ago. The US military tested Agent Orange, Agent Purple and several other powerful defoliants on a small section of the base in Gagetown, New Brunswick, over seven days in 1966 and 1967. Roughly 4,500 people were expected to be eligible for the payment, at a total cost of $92 million.
    (AP, 9/13/07)
2007        Sep 12, Police in Chile battled rampaging youths over night on the anniversary of the 1973 military coup. One officer was killed, 41 people injured with some 304 people arrested.
    (SFC, 9/13/07, p.A4)
2007        Sep 12, Beijing showed off its new multibillion-dollar airport terminal, a mammoth structure of glass and steel with a gracefully sloping roof that the owners said is meant to impress visitors to China's capital for the 2008 Olympics.
    (AP, 9/12/07)
2007        Sep 12, Li Changjiang, the head of China's product safety agency, said the Chinese-made toys children receive for Christmas this year will be safe, pledging that problems over the use of dangerous lead paint will be resolved in time for holiday exports.
    (AP, 9/12/07)
2007        Sep 12, Akmal Shaikh (51), a British citizen, was arrested in Urumqi, in China's western Xinjiang region, with four kg (8.8 pounds) of heroin. He was later convicted and sentenced to die on Dec 29, 2009. Supporters of Shaikh said he was duped into carrying the drugs for a criminal gang. If the death penalty is carried out, Shaikh would become the first national from a European Union country to be executed in China in 50 years.
    (AFP, 12/22/09)(www.amnesty.org.uk/actions_details.asp?ActionID=638)
2007        Sep 12, The Republic of Congo, the smaller, oil-rich western neighbor of the Democratic Republic of Congo, numbered about 3.7 million inhabitants.
    (AFP, 9/12/07)
2007        Sep 12, Ethiopia entered the third millennium 7 years after the rest of the world, amid lavish celebrations, religious fervor and messages of hope from the troubled country's leaders.
    (AFP, 9/12/07)
2007        Sep 12, A massive 8.4 earthquake struck Indonesia, killing at least 10 people, injuring dozens and triggering a tsunami that hit one city on the island of Sumatra.
    (AP, 9/12/07)(Reuters, 9/13/07)
2007        Sep 12, Gunmen ambushed an Iraqi police checkpoint in the Gayara area south of Mosul before dawn, killing six officers in a sophisticated attack on fledgling Iraqi security installations. In Diyala's al Salam area, gunmen opened fire on a car at 9 a.m. killing two and wounding two others. An hour later in another area, assailants shot into a crowd in central Muqdadiyah killing two and wounding two. Other scattered violence left at least five other Iraqis dead, including a civilian killed by a roadside bomb on Palestine Street, a popular shopping district in Baghdad. The bomb targeted a passing convoy of SUVs, and left five other people wounded. Robbers dressed as police commandos hijacked an armored truck in eastern Baghdad, bound and gagged its guards, and made off with about $550,000 in Iraqi currency.
    (AP, 9/12/07)
2007        Sep 12, Japanese PM Shinzo Abe announced he will resign, ending a troubled year-old government that has suffered a string of damaging scandals and a humiliating electoral defeat.
    (AP, 9/12/07)
2007        Sep 12, Allies of Pakistan's military ruler blocked opposition leader Imran Khan from entering, Karachi, the country's biggest city, just days after the government sent a former prime minister back into exile. City police chief Azher Farooqi said the former cricket star was barred because his presence could cause unrest. Rebels armed with rocket launchers surrounded a security post on the outskirts of the troubled city of Bannu, which borders North Waziristan. They wounded a policeman and a soldier before whisking away 12 paramilitary troops. Pakistani helicopter gunships and artillery pounded pro-Taliban militant hideouts in a tribal region near the Afghan border, killing up to 40 insurgents.
    (AP, 9/12/07)(AFP, 9/12/07)
2007        Sep 12, In the Philippines a court found former Pres. Joseph Estrada guilty of taking more than $85 million in bribes and kickbacks and sentenced him to life imprisonment, ending a trial that spanned 6 years.
    (SFC, 9/12/07, p.A19)
2007        Sep 12, Russia’s President Vladimir Putin dismissed his long-serving PM Mikhail Fradkov and nominated little-known Cabinet official Victor Zubkov (b.1941) to replace him in a surprise move that could put Zubkov in the running to replace Putin next year.
    (AP, 9/12/07)(WSJ, 9/13/07, p.A3)(Econ, 9/15/07, p.64)
2007        Sep 12, Serbia warned the EU it would not accept any decision on Kosovo taken outside the UN, and its ally Russia told the US to stop backing Kosovo independence while talks continue.
    (AP, 9/12/07)
2007        Sep 12, Turkish troops killed 4 Kurdish guerrillas in a the southeastern province of Siirt.
    (AP, 9/12/07)

2008        Sep 12, The US accused Rodriguez Chacin and 2 other top aides to Venezuela’s Pres. Chavez of helping Colombian guerrillas traffic cocaine and procure weapons for FARC. Chacin had just resigned on Sep 8 from Venezuela’s Interior Ministry.
    (SFC, 9/13/08, p.A5)
2008        Sep 12, The SF Opera said it had received a commitment from board chairman John A. Gunn (64) and wife Cynthia Fry Gunn for a gift of $40 million. John Gunn served as chairman and CEO of Dodge and Cox Investment Managers.
    (SFC, 9/13/08, p.A2)
2008        Sep 12, In southern California a commuter train smashed head-on into a freight train killing at least 25 people in the deadliest US passenger train accident in 15 years. Officials the next day attributed the accident to failure of the passenger train engineer to stop at a red light. It was later found that engineer Robert Sanchez, who died in the crash, had sent a text message 22 seconds before the crash.
    (AP, 9/13/08)(Reuters, 9/13/08)(WSJ, 10/2/08, p.A11)
2008        Sep 12, David Foster Wallace (b.1962), the author best known for his 1996 novel "Infinite Jest," was found dead in his home in Claremont, Ca.
    (AP, 9/13/08)(SSFC, 9/14/08, p.B7)
2008        Sep 12, Taliban militants attacked a logistics convoy in western Afghanistan, sparking a clash that killed 10 insurgents and five Afghan guards. Afghan police said they had arrested three suspects accused of giving the US military false information that led to the August 22 bombardment of the village of Azizabad.
    (AP, 9/12/08)(AP, 9/14/08)
2008        Sep 12, Bolivian President Evo Morales decreed a state of siege and sent troops to the eastern province of Pando where at least 16 people were killed in street battles between pro- and anti-government activists. Another 2 people were killed at Pando's main airfield as government troops took control, opening fire to disperse protesters.
    (AP, 9/12/08)(AP, 9/14/08)
2008        Sep 12, British and French firefighters extinguished a 1,000-degree inferno in the Channel Tunnel but tens of thousands of travelers faced more delay as they waited for the undersea link to reopen.
    (AP, 9/12/08)
2008        Sep 12, Shops throughout China pulled a milk powder, suspected sickening babies, from shelves in the latest safety scandal to rock the country's food industry. Investigators soon detained 19 people and were questioning 78 to find out how melamine was added to milk supplied to Sanlu Group Co., China's biggest milk powder producer. On Sep 15 Zhang Zhenling, vice president of Sanlu Group, read a letter of apology at a news briefing in Shijiazhuang, capital of Hebei Province, where the corporation is based. China later reported that more than 6,000 babies had fallen ill and three died after drinking contaminated milk powder. Consumer complaints to Sanlu Group regarding its baby milk formula had begun as early as last December.
    (AP, 9/12/08)(AP, 9/13/08)(AFP, 9/15/08)(AFP, 9/17/08)(SFC, 9/24/08, p.A12)
2008        Sep 12, Pope Benedict XVI urged France to take Christianity into account despite its secular tradition, saying on his first visit there as pontiff that church and state should be open to each other.
    (AP, 9/12/08)
2008        Sep 12, Tens of thousands of Muslims joined pro-independence rallies across Indian-controlled Kashmir, leading to scattered clashes with police that left at least two protesters dead and dozens injured.
    (AP, 9/12/08)
2008        Sep 12, Mexican police found the bodies of 24 men with their hands bound and shot to death execution-style outside the capital. On Nov 27 prosecutors charged a municipal police commander and an alleged drug cartel member with homicide in the September massacre.
    (AP, 9/13/08)(AP, 11/28/08)
2008        Sep 12, In Pakistan a US Predator drone fired 2 missiles at a home in the village of Tolkhel, North Waziristan, killing at least 12 people.
    (SFC, 9/13/08, p.A3)
2008        Sep 12, Poland's last communist leader, General Wojciech Jaruzelski, and seven other Soviet-era officials went on trial over the declaration of martial law more than a quarter of a century ago. The 1981 decision led to the deaths of dozens of people and the jailing of hundreds more.
    (Reuters, 9/12/08)
2008        Sep 12, Russia’s Itar-Tass news reported that Syria’s Tartous port is being renovated to provide a permanent facility for the Russian navy.
    (SFC, 10/3/08, p.A14)
2008        Sep 12, A South African judge ruled that prosecutors were wrong to charge ANC President Jacob Zuma with corruption, effectively clearing way for the 66-year-old former freedom fighter to become the country's next president.
    (AP, 9/12/08)
2008        Sep 12,The Sudanese government army and Janjaweed militias launched new attacks in a mountainous area of south Darfur according to rebel claims made the next day. UN boss Ban Ki-moon welcomed the establishment of an Arab League panel led by Qatar that will work with the African Union and United Nations to sponsor peace talks in Sudan's Darfur region.
    (AFP, 9/12/08)(AFP, 9/13/08)
2008        Sep 12, Samak Sundaravej ended his bid to return to power as Thailand's prime minister, after a revolt within the ruling party torpedoed his re-election in parliament.
    (AFP, 9/12/08)

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