Today in History - September 23

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487BC        Sep 23, Greek dramatist Euripides, was born. He wrote "Medea" and "The Trojan Women." His plays used a device called "Deus ex Machina," literally "God from a machine." Today the term 487BC        Sep 23, Greek dramatist Euripides, was born. He wrote "Medea" and "The Trojan Women." His plays used a device called "Deus ex Machina," literally "God from a machine." Today the term refers to sudden events that come from nowhere to advance the plot. [see 484-406, 480-406]
    (MC, 9/23/01)

63BC        Sep 23, Caesar Augustus (63BC-14AD) was born in Rome. Augustus, first emperor of Rome, ended the era of the Roman Republic and introduced the Pax Romana, the era of peace. Augustus held power but shared administrative tasks with the Senate, consuls, and tribunes who continued to be elected: "Make haste slowly."
    (V.D.-H.K.p.63)(AP, 9/23/97)(AP, 11/20/97)(HN, 9/23/98)

53BC        Sep 23, Augustus, the first Roman emperor, or Caesar, was born. His ascension to the title of emperor marked the end of true Roman democracy, even though the Senate survived for generations. [see 63BC]
    (MC, 9/23/01)

951        Sep 23, Otto I, the Great, became king of Italy.
    (MC, 9/23/01)

1553        Sep 23, The Sadians defeated the last of their enemies and establish themselves as rulers of Morocco.
    (HN, 9/23/98)

1561        Sep 23, Philip II of Spain gave orders to halt colonizing efforts in Florida. The French took advantage of the opportunity.
    (TL-MB, 1988, p.20)(HN, 9/23/98)

1570        Sep 23, The Turks began their attack on Famagusta, Cyprus, which was fortified by Venetian commander Marcantonio Bragadino (1523-1571).
    (http://historicbiography.blogspot.com/2008/01/marcantonio-bragadin.html)(WSJ, 7/21/08, p.A11)

1577        Sep 23, William of Orange made his triumphant entry into Brussels, Belgium.
    (HN, 9/23/98)

1641        Sep 23, Adrian "Aart" van Wijck, theologian, was born. He fought Jansenism.
    (MC, 9/23/01)

1642        Sep 23, Giovanni Maria Bononcini, composer, was born.
    (MC, 9/23/01)
1642        Sep 23, Harvard College in Cambridge, Mass., held its first commencement.
    (AP, 9/23/97)

1667        Sep 23, Slaves in Virginia were banned from obtaining their freedom by converting to Christianity.
    (HN, 9/23/98)

1703        Sep 23, Jean-Marie Leclair, composer, was born.
    (MC, 9/23/01)

1719        Sep 23, Liechtenstein declared independence from German empire.
    (MC, 9/23/01)

1739        Sep 23, The Austrians signed the Treaty of Belgrade after having lost the city to the Turks.
    (HN, 9/23/98)

1779        Sep 23, During the Revolutionary War, the American navy under John Paul Jones, commanding from Bonhomie Richard, defeated and captured the British man-of-war Serapis. An American attack on a British convoy pitted the British frigate HMS Serapis against the American Bon Homme Richard. The American ship was commanded by Scotsman John Paul Jones, who chose to name the ship after Benjamin Franklin's “Poor Richard’s Almanack.” Fierce fighting ensued, and when Richard began to sink, Serapis commander Richard Pearson called over to ask if Richard would surrender and Jones responded, "I have not yet begun to fight!"--a response that would become a slogan of the U.S. Navy. Pearson surrendered and Jones took control of Serapis. The Bonhomie Richard sank 2 days after the battle. In 1959 the film Jean Paul Jones starred Robert Stack.
    (TVM, 1975, p.294)(AP, 9/23/97)(HN, 9/23/98)(HNPD, 9/23/98)(Arch, 9/02, p.17)

1780        Sep 23, British spy John Andre was captured along with papers revealing Benedict Arnold's plot to surrender West Point to the British.
    (AP, 9/23/97)

1788        Sep 23, Louis XVI of France declared the Parliament restored.
    (HN, 9/23/98)

1795        Sep 23, A national plebiscite approved the new French constitution, but so many voters sustained that the results were suspect.
    (HN, 9/23/99)
1795        Sep 23, Conseil of the Cinq-Cents (Council of 500), formed in Paris.
    (MC, 9/23/01)

1800        Sep 23, William Holmes McGuffey, educator, was born. He is famous for his book "Eclectic Readers" (McGuffey Readers).
    (HN, 9/23/98)

1803        Sep 23, British Major General Sir Arthur Wellesley defeated the Marathas at Assaye, India.
    (HN, 9/23/98)

1805        Sep 23, Lieutenant Zebulon Pike paid $2,000 to buy from the Sioux a 9-square-mile tract at the mouth of the Minnesota River that would be used to establish a military post, Fort Snelling.
    (HN, 9/23/98)

1806        Sep 23, The Lewis and Clark expedition returned to St. Louis from the Pacific Northwest over three years after its departure. In 2004 Larry E. Morris authored “The Fate of the Corps,” a look at what happened to all the members of the expedition.
    (AP, 9/23/97)(HN, 9/23/98)(WSJ, 7/2/04, p.W10)

1817        Sep 23, Leon Charles Francois Kreutzer, composer, was born.
    (MC, 9/23/01)

1835        Sep 23, HMS Beagle sailed to Charles Island in the Galapagos archipelago.
    (MC, 9/23/01)

1838        Sep 23, Victoria Chaflin Woodhull (d.1927), American presidential candidate (1872), was born into a family of charlatans in Ohio. Woodhull, a militant suffragist, advocated free love and was Wall Street's first female broker after attracting Cornelius Vanderbilt. She was the first woman to address Congress. Her story is documented in “The Woman Who Ran for President: The Many Lives of Victoria Woodhull” by Lois Beachy Underhill. In 1998 Mary Gabriel published "Notorious Victoria: The Life of Victoria Woodhull, Uncensored. In 1998 Barbara Goldsmith published "Other Powers--The Age of Suffrage, Spiritualism and the Scandalous Victoria Woodhull."
    (WSJ, 7/25/95, p.A-10)(SFEC, 2/22/98, BR p.5)(SFEC, 3/8/98, Par p.14)(HNPD, 4/28/00)

1844        Sep 23, Count Alexander von Benckendorff (b.1783), Russian Lieutenant General and statesman, died. He was Adjutant General of the Svita and a commander in Patriotic War of 1812 and is best remembered for having established the Gendarmes in Russia.
    (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_von_Benckendorff)

1846        Sep 23, The planet Neptune was discovered by German astronomer Johann Gottfried Galle. Neptune was discovered after John Couch Adams of England and Urbain Jean Leverrier of France independently figured out where it should be.
    (HFA, ‘96, p.38)(AP, 9/23/97)(SFEC, 5/30/99, Par p.13)(ON, 9/01, p.9)

1849        Sep 23, Mikhail Mikhaylovich Ivanov, composer, was born.
    (MC, 9/23/01)

1852        Sep 23, William Stewart Halsted, was born. He established the 1st US surgical school.
    (MC, 9/23/01)

1857        Sep 23, The Russian warship Leffort disappeared in the Finland Gulf in a storm; 826 died.
    (MC, 9/23/01)

1862        Sep 23, Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation was published in Northern Newspapers.
    (MC, 9/23/01)

1863        Sep 23, Mary Church Terrell, educator, political activist, and first president of the National Association of Colored Women, was born in Memphis, Tennessee. An 1884 graduate of Oberlin College, America's first college to admit women and amongst the first to admit students of all races, Terrell was one of the first American women of African descent to graduate from college. She earned her master's degree from Oberlin in 1888.
    (http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/today.html)
1863        Sep 23, The Confederate siege of Chattanooga began.
    (MC, 9/23/01)

1864        Sep 23, Confederate and Union forces clashed at Mount Jackson, Front Royal and Woodstock in Virginia during the Valley campaign.
    (HN, 9/23/98)
1864        Sep 23, Battle of Athens, Va.
    (MC, 9/23/01)

1865        Sep 23, Emmuska Orczy (d.1947), baroness and writer, was born in Tarnaors, Hungary. Her family moved to London in 1880. Her books included "The Scarlet Pimpernel" (1905).
    (HN, 9/23/00)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baroness_Orczy)

1868        Sep 23, Grito de Lares proclaimed Puerto Rico's independence. It was crushed by Spain.
    (MC, 9/23/01)

1869        Sep 23, Edgar Lee Masters, poet and novelist (Spoon River Anthology), was born.
    (MC, 9/23/01)

1870        Sep 23, Prosper Merimee (66), French playwright (Carmen), died.
    (www.kirjasto.sci.fi/merimee.htm)

1879        Sep 23, Richard Rhodes invented a hearing aid called the Audiophone.
    (MC, 9/23/01)

1889        Sep 23, William Wilkie Collins, English writer (Moonstone), died.
    (MC, 9/23/01)
1889        Sep 23, Walter Lippmann, journalist, was born in NYC. He was one of the founders of The New Republic Magazine in 1914. His political writings included "Men of Destiny."
    (HN, 9/23/00)
1889        Sep 23, Louise Nevelson, sculptor, was born.
    (HN, 9/23/00)

1896        Sep 23, Louis-Gilbert Duprez, composer, died at 89.
    (MC, 9/23/01)

1897        Sep 23, The 1st frontier days rodeo celebration in Cheyenne, Wyoming, was held. By 1998 it had become the world’s largest outdoor rodeo.
    (SFEC, 6/28/98, p.T3)(MC, 9/23/01)

1902        Sep 23, John Wesley Powell (68), US explorer and geologist, died. He led expeditions down the Green and Colorado rivers (1869 & 1871), through the Grand Canyon even though he had lost the lower part of his right arm in the Battle of Shiloh during the Civil War. Powell, a geographer and ethnologist, held a number of positions after resigning from the army in 1865, many for government agencies such as director of the U.S. Geographical Survey. [see 1891] In 2001 Donald Worster authored "A River Running West: the Life and Times of John Wesley Powell."
    (HNQ, 10/13/00)(SSFC, 4/1/01, BR p.6)(MC, 9/23/01)(ON, 5/02, p.5)

1907        Sep 23, Jarmila Novotna, soprano (Met Opera) and president of Czechoslovakia (1957-68), was born.
    (MC, 9/23/01)

1908        Sep 23, One of baseball's most famous blunders occurred in a game between the New York Giants and the visiting Chicago Cubs. With the score tied 1-1 in the bottom of the ninth and two runners out, the Giants batted in what should have been the winning run. However, Fred Merkle, who was on first base, began to leave the field apparently without bothering to tag second; the Cubs then claimed to have forced Merkle out. Merkle was eventually ruled out, negating the winning run and leaving the game tied. The Cubs won a rematch game on Oct. 8 and with it, the National League pennant; Chicago then went on to win the World Series.
    (AP, 9/23/08)

1910        Sep 23, Elliot Roosevelt, son of FDR and writer (Murder in the Oval Office), was born.
    (MC, 9/23/01)

1911        Sep 23, Second International Aviation Meet opened in New York.
    (HN, 9/23/98)

1912        Sep 23, Mack Sennett's first Keystone Cops short subject "Cohen collects a Debt", a split-reel of two comedies starring Mabel Normand and Ford Sterling, was released.
    (AP, 9/23/97)(HN, 9/23/01)

1913        Sep 23, Serbian troops marched into Albania.
    (MC, 9/23/01)

1915        Sep 23, Clifford G. Shull, physicist, was born. He improved techniques for exploring the atomic structure of matter.
    (HN, 9//00)

1920        Sep 23, Mickey Rooney, actor, was born Joe Yule, Jr. in Brooklyn, NY.
    (SSFC, 3/11/01, DB p.61)

1926        Sep 23, John Coltrane, influential jazz saxophonist, was born..
    (HN, 9/23/00)
1926        Sep 23, Gene Tunney (1897-1978), an ex-marine, defeated Jack Dempsey for the World Heavyweight Boxing championship. Tunney defeated Dempsey again in a 1927 rematch and retired undefeated in 1928. In 2006 Jack Cavanaugh authored “Tunney: Boxing’s Brainiest Champ and His Upset of the Great Jack Dempsey.”
    (Smith., 5/95, p.12)(SFC, 10/19/99, p.A22)(WSJ, 11/17/06, p.W6)

1930        Sep 23, Ray Charles (d.2004), rhythm ‘n’ blues piano player and singer best known for "Hit the Road Jack" and "Georgia on My Mind" was born in Albany, Georgia. Stuart Gorrell wrote the lyrics for the hit song "Georgia on My Mind" in 1930 with music by Hoagy Carmichael. It was declared the state song of Georgia on April 24, 1979.
    (HN, 9/23/98)(WSJ, 2/2/00, p.W8)(www.promotega.org/vsu00011/georgia_book.htm)

1938        Sep 23, A time capsule, to be opened in the year 6939, was buried on the grounds of the World's Fair in New York City.  The capsule contained a woman's hat, man's pipe & 1,100' of microfilm. [see Apr 30, 1939] Westinghouse coined the term "time capsule" when it buried a torpedo shaped vessel at the 1939 NY fair.
    (AP, 9/23/98)(SFEC, 1/2/00, p.D4)(MC, 9/23/01)
1938        Sep 23, British premier Neville Chamberlain flew to Munich.
    (MC, 9/23/01)

1939        Sep 23, Sigmund Freud (b.1856), founder of psychoanalysis, died in London. He had escaped from Vienna in 1938. His work “Moses and Monotheism” was published this year. In 1986 Frederick Crews, a skeptic on Freud's work, published "Skeptical Engagements." Crews also published "The memory wars: Freud's Legacy in dispute" and "Unauthorized Freud: Doubters Confront a Legend." Freud's last days were dramatized in 1999 by Terry Johnson in the play "Hysteria."
    (SFEM, 1/10/99, p.4)(AP, 9/23/99)(WSJ, 12/23/99, p.A16)

1941        Sep 23, Germans staged an air raid on the Russian naval base at Kronstadt. The battleship Marat sank.
    (MC, 9/23/01)

1942        Sep 23, At Auschwitz Nazis began experimental gassing executions.
    (MC, 9/23/01)
1942        Sep 23, The Russian counter offensive at Stalingrad began.
    (MC, 9/23/01)

1943        Sep 23, Julio Iglesias De la Cueva, Spanish singer (To All the Girls I’ve Loved Before…), was born in Madrid.
    (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julio_Iglesias)
1943        Sep 23, Benito Mussolini formed a rival fascist government in Italy.
    (www.cifr.it/Chapter_05.html)

1945        Sep 23, The first American died in Vietnam during the fall of Saigon to French forces.
    (HN, 9/23/98)

1947        Sep 23, Nikola Petkov, leader of Bulgaria  party, was hanged.
    (MC, 9/23/01)

1949        Sep 23, US Pres. Truman announced evidence of the USSR's 1st nuclear device detonation thus breaking the US atomic monopoly.
    (WUD, 1994, p.1684)(MC, 9/23/01)

1950        Sep 23, Congress adopted the Internal Security Act, which provided for registration of communists. The Act was ruled later unconstitutional by the US Supreme Court. US Sen. Pat McCarran (Nevada) legislated the Internal Security Act, which included a jumble of restrictions on speech and association. Pres. Truman attempted an unsuccessful veto of the McCarran Act, which gave the government unprecedented powers.
    (WSJ, 3/18/99, p.W17)(MC, 9/23/01)(WSJ, 10/13/04, p.D18)
1950        Sep 23, US Mustangs accidentally bombed British troops on Hill 282 Korea, 17 killed.
    (MC, 9/23/01)

1952        Sep 23, Rocky Marciano became the world heavyweight boxing champion by knocking out Jersey Joe Walcott in the 13th round, in Philadelphia PA. It was Rocky’s 43rd consecutive victory. This was the 1st closed circuit pay-TV telecast of a sports event.
    (MC, 9/23/01)
1952        Sep 23, Republican vice-presidential candidate Richard M. Nixon went on television to deliver what came to be known as the "Checkers" speech as he refuted allegations of improper campaign financing. Nixon denied that he maintained a private slush fund and all financial allegations except for the gift of a cocker spaniel dog named Checkers from a Texan who heard that his daughters wanted a puppy. Nixon, then a candidate for Vice President stated that he would not give back a gift, whether it had political ties or not, because it was a present for his daughter. Some 30 million television viewers watched as Nixon, Dwight Eisenhower‘s running mate in the upcoming presidential elections, made a plea for sympathy and vindication in light of charges he was living a lifestyle beyond the means of his $12,500 Senate salary. In 1997 plans were underway to exhume the dog and rebury it near the former president.
    (TMC, 1994, p.1952)(SFC, 4/28/97, p.A5)(AP, 9/23/97)(HNQ, 10/12/99)

1953        Sep 23, The 20th-Century Fox film "The Robe," the first movie filmed in the CinemaScope widescreen process, premiered in Hollywood, a week after opening in New York.
    (AP, 9/23/03)

1954        Sep 23, East German police arrested 400 citizens as U.S. spies.
    (HN, 9/23/98)

1957        Sep 23, "That'll Be Day" by Buddy Holly & Crickets reached #1.
    (MC, 9/23/01)
1957        Sep 23, Nine black students who had entered Little Rock Central High School in Arkansas were forced to withdraw because of a white mob outside. Pres. Eisenhower signed Executive Order 10730 to send Federal troops to maintain order and peace while the integration of Central High School in Little Rock, AR, took place.
    (AP, 9/23/97)(www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=89)

1962        Sep 23, "The Jetsons," a TV animated Hanna-Barbera cartoon series about a Space Age family, premiered as the ABC television network's first color program. It was a futuristic mirror image of the Flintstones. Penny Singleton (1908-2003) was the voice of Jane Jetson.
    (SFC, 3/23/01, p.D7)(AP, 9/23/02)(SFC, 11/15/03, p.A23)
1962        Sep 23, New York's Philharmonic Hall, since renamed Avery Fisher Hall, formally opened as the first unit of the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts. Opening ceremonies included the premier of Samuel Barber’s Piano Concerto by John Browning (d.2003) and the Boston Symphony under Erich Leinsdorf.
    (AP, 9/23/97)(SFC, 1/30/03, p.A17)

1967        Sep 23, The regime of Greek Colonels freed ex-premier Georgios Papandreou. [see Dec 24]
    (MC, 9/23/01)
1967        Sep 23, Soviets signed a pact to send more aid to Hanoi.
    (HN, 9/23/98)

1968        Sep 23, The TV western "The Outcasts" premiered. The one season show featured Otis Young (d.2001 at 69) and Don Murray working together as post Civil War bounty hunters.
    (SFC, 10/20/01, p.E2)(www.imdb.com/title/tt0062596/)

1969        Sep 23, The 1st broadcast of "Marcus Welby MD" on ABC-TV. The drama with Robert Young continued to 1976.
    (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Welby,_M.D.)

1973        Sep 23, Juan Peron was re-elected president of Argentina after being overthrown in 1955. His second wife, Isabel, became vice president, the first woman vice president in Latin American history. She succeeded him when he died 10 months later.
    (AP, 9/23/97)(HN, 9/23/98)
1973        Sep 23, Pablo Neruda (b.1904), Chilean Nobel laureate poet, died of leukemia. One of his last works, "The Book of Questions," was published in an English translation in 1991. In 2003 Ilan Stavans edited "The Poetry of Pablo Neruda." In 2004 Matilda Urrutia’s “My Life With Pablo Neruda” was translated into English.
    (SFEC, 6/25/00, BR p.2)(WUD, 1994 p.959)(SSFC, 8/31/03, p.M3)(SSFC, 10/31/04, p.M4)

1974         Sep 23, The 1959 Broadway show "Gypsy" reopened on Broadway with Angel Lansbury (b.1925), following a 1973 run in London.
    (SFEC, 12/8/96, Par p.18)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gypsy:_A_Musical_Fable)
1974        Sep 23, Cliff Arquette (b.1905), TV actor, died. He invented the character of Charley Weaver for a 1959 appearance on Jack Paar’s “The Tonight Show,” and in 1962 became a regular on “The Roy Rogers Show.”
    (SFC, 2/21/07, p.G3)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cliff_Arquette)

1975        Sep 23, California’s Gov. Jerry Brown signed the Medical Injury Compensation Reform Act (MICRA). It imposed limits on attorney fees and capped jury awards in medical malpractice suits for “noneconomic” damages to $250,000.
    (SFC, 4/25/01, p.A7)(WSJ, 7/13/04, p.D4)(http://tinyurl.com/m852rv)
 
1979        Sep 23, The ABC TV show "The Associates" premiered as a comedy about lawyers. It  lasted for one season.
    (SFC, 12/3/98, p.E1)(www.imdb.com/title/tt0078563/)

1981        Sep 23, The Reagan administration announced plans for what became known as Radio Marti.
    (AP, 9/23/97)
1981        Sep 23, Home Depot went public in an IPO offering of $3 million of stock. The company was founded by Bernie Marcus and Arthur Blank, formerly of the Handy Dandy hardware chain. The 1st know case of backdating stock options took place this year with Home Depot. In 1999 they authored "Built From Scratch" ghost-written by Bob Andelman. In 1999 Chris Roush published "Inside Home Depot."
    (WSJ, 5/4/99, p.A20)(WSJ, 12/27/06, p.A6)(http://ir.homedepot.com/lookup.cfm)
1981        Sep 23, Chief Dan George (b.1899), actor, died at 82 in British Columbia, Canada. His films included “Harry & Tonto” (1974) and “Little Big Man” (1970). He was born Geswanouth Slahoot on a First Nations Reserve in North Vancouver. His English name was Dan Slaholt. His last name was changed to George when he entered a residential school at the age of 5.
    (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_Dan_George)

1983        Sep 23, The so-called Law of National Pacification was issued two weeks before the election that brought President Alfonsín to power. Argentina’s military regime gave a blanket amnesty to military and political killers and torturers.
    (www.cidh.oas.org/annualrep/83.84.eng/chap.4.htm)

1986        Sep 23, The US Congress selected the rose as the US national flower.
    (http://openweb.tvnews.vanderbilt.edu/1986-9/1986-09-23-ABC-25.html)

1987        Sep 23, Delaware Sen. Joseph Biden withdrew from the Democratic presidential race following questions about his use of borrowed quotations and the portrayal of his academic record.
    (AP, 9/23/97)
1987        Sep 23, Bob Fosse (b.1927), choreographer (All the Jazz), died at age 62.
    (www.ibdb.com/person.asp?ID=4563)

1988        Sep 23, Soviet Foreign Minister Eduard A. Shevardnadze concluded two days of talks in Washington with Secretary of State George P. Shultz on the subjects of arms control and human rights.
    (AP, 9/23/98)

1989        Sep 23, President Bush, saying he was "very pleased" with talks between Secretary of State James Baker and Soviet Foreign Minister Eduard Shevardnadze, told reporters there would be a superpower summit later in the year.
    (AP, 9/23/99)

1990        Sep 23, PBS began an 11 hour miniseries by Ken Burns on the American Civil War.
    (www.museum.tv/archives/etv/C/htmlC/civilwarth/civilwarth.htm)
1990        Sep 23, Iraq threatened to destroy Middle East oil fields and attack Israel if other nations tried to force it from Kuwait.
    (AP, 9/23/00)
1990        Sep 23, South African President F.W. de Klerk arrived in the US for talks with President Bush.
    (AP, 9/23/00)

1991        Sep 23, President Bush addressed the United Nations, urging the world body to rescind its resolution equating Zionism with racism.
    (AP, 9/23/01)
1991        Sep 23, UN weapons inspectors in Baghdad discovered documents detailing Iraq's secret nuclear weapons program and said Iraq was close to building a bomb. This triggered a standoff with Iraqi authorities.
    (SFC, 9/4/96, p.A8)(AP, 9/23/01)

1992        Sep 23, Plans for a presidential debate fell apart, with President Bush continuing to object to a single-moderator format proposed by a bipartisan commission; it was the second such cancellation.
    (AP, 9/23/97)
1992        Sep 23, Bernice Gera, the 1st female baseball umpire (1969 NY-Penn League) died at age 61.
    (www.baseballlibrary.com/baseballlibrary/chronology/1992SEPTEMBER.stm)

1993        Sep 23, Seattle’s City Council passed a sit/lie ban affecting the downtown area between 7 am and 9 pm. The law was upheld by the US Court of Appeals in 1996.
    (http://tinyurl.com/ybahqyp)(SSFC, 3/28/10, p.A16)(www.sfbos.org/index.aspx?page=1277)
1993        Sep 23, Sydney, Australia, was selected to host the 2000 Summer Olympics, beating Beijing.
    (AP, 9/23/98)
1993        Sep 23, The Israeli parliament ratified the Israel-PLO accord.
    (AP, 9/23/98)
1993        Sep 23, The South African parliament voted to allow blacks a role in governing.
    (AP, 9/23/98)

1994        Sep 23, The White House announced a shakeup involving two dozen staff members.
    (AP, 9/23/99)
1994        Sep 23, John van Damme (59), Dutch businessman, was hanged in Singapore for drug trafficking.
    (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_in_Singapore)
1994        Sep 23, The U.N. Security Council rewarded Yugoslavia for sealing its border with Bosnia by easing sanctions in sports, cultural exchanges and air traffic.
    (AP, 9/23/99)

1995        Sep 23, In a wide-ranging interview aboard Air Force One, President Clinton admitted he had tended in the past to get hung up on details, and pledged to do a better job in providing reassuring leadership to Americans confused by tumultuous times.
    (AP, 9/23/00)
1995        Sep 23, Guillermo Gaede, an Intel engineer, was arrested in Phoenix. He had used his computer to tap into plans for the Pentium & 486 chip manufacturing process and video taped the information in May 1993. He sent the info to his former employer Advanced Micro Devices who notified federal authorities. He claimed to have been double-crossed by the FBI and also to have passed info from AMD to Cuba, China, North Korea and Iran.
    (SFC, 6/25/96, p.A23)

1996        Sep 23, Ross Perot sued the bipartisan commission that voted to keep him out of the presidential debates, arguing that excluding him would deepen public cynicism and cause his campaign "incalculable damage."
    (AP, 9/23/97)
1996        Sep 23, California governor Wilson signed a bill to open the sale of electricity to the free market and became the first US state to do so. A 20% drop in rates by 2003 was guaranteed.
    (SFC, 9/24/96, p.A1)
1996        Sep 23, Space shuttle Atlantis left Russia's orbiting Mir station with astronaut Shannon Lucid, who ended her six-month visit with tender goodbyes to her Russian colleagues.
    (AP, 9/23/97)
1996        Sep 23, In Armenia Pres. Levon Ter-Petrossian claimed victory in elections as did his opponent former Prime Minister Vazgen Manukian. The next day the Pres. claimed victory with 52% and the PM claimed fraud with 41%. Int’l. observers claimed serious irregularities.
    (SFC, 9/24/96, p.A14)(WSJ, 9/25/96, p.A1)(SFC, 9/26/96, p.A10)
1996        Sep 23, The European Union awarded the Aristeion Prize for literature to Salmon Rushdie for "The Moor’s Last Sigh" and to Christoph Ransmayr for "Morbus Kitahara." A prize for translation went to Thorkild Bjoernvig for his translation of poetry by German poet Rainier Marie Rilke.
    (SFC, 9/24/96, p.E3)
1996        Sep 23, In Jiangsu Province, China, the American Dream Park was scheduled to open. It is a 70-acre-mini Disneyland and admission will cost 100 yuan, about 2 weeks wages for the average Chinese worker.
    (WSJ, 9/5/96, p.A14)
1996        Sep 23, In England police killed one man and seized 10 tons of explosives during raids of suspected IRA hideouts.
    (SFC, 9/24/96, p.A12)
1996        Sep 23, Ethiopian forces exchanged fire with Somali militiamen.
    (SFC, 9/25/96, p.A10)
1996        Sep 23, Iran expected delivery of its 3rd Russian-made submarine within 6 months, as part of its navy buildup in the Persian Gulf.
    (SFC, 9/24/96, p.A14)
1996        Sep 23, In Mexico financing was expected to enable the start of the $551 million channel project, a 272-mile Tamaulipas Intracoastal Waterway on the east coast to link Mexico to US cargo channels.
    (WSJ, 9/23/96, p.A17)
1996        Sep 23, In Pakistan gunmen attacked a Sunni Muslim mosque and killed 16 and wounded 45 people. The attack followed the killing of a Shiite leader the night before in Bahawalpur.
    (SFC, 9/23/96, A12)
1996        Sep 23, In Singapore the government announced that there will be enough bomb shelters for everyone. All new dwellings will be required to have bomb shelters with concrete walls and a steel door.
    (SFC, 9/25/96, p.A9)
1996        Sep 23, In South Africa 2 days of ethnic fighting among gold miners at Buffeslfontein left 18 people dead.
    (WSJ, 9/24/96, p.A1)

1997        Sep 23, The White House awarded the $10,000 National Heritage Fellows awards to a dozen Americans that included Chinese singer Hua Wenyi, and Ali Akbar Khan, composer of North Indian music.
    (SFC, 9/24/97, p.A17)
1997        Sep 23, The Gilmore Artist Award, a $300,000 prize given every 4 years to a classical pianist, was awarded to Norwegian pianist Leif Ove Andsnes at the Irving S. Gilmore Int’l. Keyboard Festival in Kalamazoo, Mich.
    (SFC, 9/24/97, p.E5)
1997        Sep 23, The Senate Finance Committee opened hearings into reports of alleged abuses by the Internal Revenue Service.
    (AP, 9/23/98)
1997        Sep 23, Kevin (18) and Tilmon Golphin (19) of Virginia shot and killed Patrol Troopers Ed Lowry and David Hathcock on I-95 in North Carolina after they were pulled over in a stolen car. The 2 brothers were sentenced to death May 13, 1998.
    (SFC, 5/14/98, p.A6)
1997        Sep 23, In Algeria the government reported that 85 people were killed, while eyewitnesses counted more than 200 bodies in the Bentalha neighborhood of the Baraki suburb of Algiers. Armed men raided an Algerian village, killing at least 200 people in one of the worst massacres since Algeria's Islamic insurgency began.
    (AP, 9/23/98)(SFC, 9/24/97, p.A10)

1998        Sep 23, In Milwaukee Sammy Sosa hit his 64th and 65th home runs against the Brewers, tying Mark McGwire for the single-season record.
    (SFC, 9/24/98, p.A18) (AP, 9/23/99)
1998        Sep 23, Federal regulators approved the merger of Citicorp and Travelers Group.
    (AP, 9/23/99)
1998        Sep 23, Federal Reserve Chairman Greenspan hinted that the central bank is prepared to cut interest rates and the Dow went up 257.
    (SFC, 9/24/98, p.A1)
1998        Sep 23, Joan Kroc, the heiress to McDonald’s, donated $80 million to the Salvation Army.
    (USAT, 9/24/98, p.3A)
1998        Sep 23, Scientists reported two more planets beyond our solar system. One in the constellation Cygnus and the other in Aquarius.
    (SFC, 9/24/98, p.A2)
1998        Sep 23, Actress Mary Frann, who played Bob Newhart's wife on TV's "Newhart," died in Beverly Hills, Calif., at age 55.
    (AP, 9/23/99)
1998        Sep 23, The death toll from hurricane Georges reached 110. 17 people were killed in Haiti and 17 in the Dominican Republic as the storm hit Cuba.
    (SFC, 9/24/98, p.A12)(WSJ, 9/24/98, p.A1)
1998        Sep 23, In Cambodia a rocket attack intended for Huns Sen killed 4 people including 2 children.
    (SFC, 9/24/98, p.A14)
1998        Sep 23, Transparency Int’l, an int’l. good-government advocacy group, said that Cameroon is viewed as the most corrupt of the 85 countries rated. Nigeria, Tanzania, Honduras and Paraguay filled out the bottom five. Denmark, Finland and Sweden were seen as having the cleanest political systems.
    (WSJ, 9/23/98, p.B17)
1998        Sep 23, In Congo Hutu militiamen attacked a military post manned by ethnic Tutsis and 56 people were killed.
    (WSJ, 9/24/98, p.A1)
1998        Sep 23, In Ecuador demonstrations in Quito erupted over the devaluation of the sucre. Unions called for a national strike for Oct 1.
    (SFEC, 10/4/98, p.T11)
1998        Sep 23, In Lesotho 9 South Africans and 40 rebels were killed since the SADC (Southern African Development Community) task force entered the country to restore the government of Prime Minister Pakalitha Mosisili.
    (SFC, 9/24/98, p.A14)
1998        Sep 23, In Pakistan Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif said that he would sign the nuclear test ban treaty within the year. Sharif also met with Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee of India and agreed to resume talks on Kashmir.
    (SFC, 9/24/98, p.A12)(WSJ, 9/24/98, p.A1)
1998        Sep 23, Philippine Airlines (b.1941) cancelled its last flight from San Francisco and shut down operations due to financial problems. On Sep 28 Pres. Estrada announced that the airline could reopen following a management agreement with its largest union for a proposed rehabilitation plan.
    (SFC, 9/24/98, p.A19)(SFC, 9/29/98, p.D1)
1998        Sep 23, In Thailand the economy was expected to contract by 7-10%. Prime Minister Chuan Leekpai called for an investigation into the sale of medical supplies and 3 prominent academics published the book "Guns, Girls, Gambling and Ganja."
    (SFC, 9/24/98, p.A12)
1998        Sep 23, The Turkey high court jailed Istanbul Mayor Tayyip Erdogan.
    (WSJ, 9/24/98, p.A13)
1998        Sep 23, The U.N. Security Council adopted a resolution demanding a cease-fire in Kosovo and threatened further action if fighting continued.
    (SFC, 9/24/98, p.A12)(AP, 9/23/99)

1999        Sep 23, Pres. Clinton vetoed the $792 billion GOP proposed 10-year tax cut calling it "too big, too bloated."
    (SFC, 9/24/99, p.A1)(AP, 9/23/00)
1999        Sep 23, The $125 million Mars Climate Orbiter was presumed lost after it hit the Martian atmosphere. The crash was later blamed on navigation confusion due to 2 teams using conflicting English and metric units.
    (SFC, 9/24/99, p.A1)(SFC, 10/1/99, p.A1)
1999        Sep 23, In Chechnya Russian fighter jets bombed targets in and around Grozny. The Chechen government said that it does not support Islamic militants and that it would retaliate against Russian attacks on its territory.
    (SFC, 9/24/99, p.A16)
1999        Sep 23, In Indonesia protests erupted after parliament passed army-backed security legislation that would revoke civil liberties during emergencies.
    (WSJ, 9/24/99, p.A1)
1999        Sep 23, In Italy the cloned bull Galileo was unveiled at the dairy cattle show in Cremona. The Health Ministry confiscated the bull the next day due to the 1998 decree forbidding cloning issued by Health Minister Rosy Bindi.
    (SFEC, 9/26/99, p.A22)
1999        Sep 23, In Kenya police reported that 23 people in Embu were killed by methanol liquor disguised as whiskey.
    (SFC, 9/24/99, p.A14)
1999        Sep 23, In Taiwan the death toll passed 2100 but the number believed to be trapped was reduced to 300. Chip production was expected to resume in 10 days.
    (WSJ, 9/24/99, p.A1)
1999        Sep 23, In Zimbabwe Defense Minister Moven Mahachi announced that Zimbabwe’s and Congo’s armies had set up a joint diamond and gold venture to help finance the war in Congo.
    (WSJ, 5/30/00, p.A22)

2000        Sep 23, At the Sydney Olympics, Marion Jones won the women's 100-meter final in 10.7 seconds; Maurice Greene (news - web sites) took the men's 100 in 9.87 seconds.
    (AP, 9/23/01)
2000        Sep 23, Carl Rowan, prize-winning black journalist, died at age 75. His 8 books included "Wait Till Next Year," a biography of Jackie Robinson, "Dream Makers, Dream Breakers," a biography of Thurgood Marshall, and "The Coming Race War in America" (1996). His autobiography was titled "Breaking Barriers.’
    (SFEC, 9/24/00, p.D15)
2000        Sep 23, World Bank and IMF leaders gathered in Prague for a summit amidst protests. They issued a communiqué on currency markets and oil prices.
    (SFEC, 9/24/00, p.d15)
2000        Sep 23, In Indonesia police arrested 25 people in connection with the recent bombings in Jakarta.
    (SFEC, 9/24/00, p.A6)

2001        Sep 23, President George W. Bush returned the American flag to full staff at Camp David, symbolically ending a period of national mourning.
    (AP, 9/23/02)
2001        Sep 23, Thousands gathered at New York's Yankee Stadium to offer prayers for the victims of terrorism; Mayor Rudolph Giuliani pledged that "our skyline will rise again."
    (AP, 9/23/02)
2001        Sep 23, US Sec. of State Colin Powell vowed the US would give allies evidence detailing Osama bin Laden’s connection to the Sep 11 attacks.
    (SFC, 9/24/01, p.A1)
2001        Sep 23, The NYC missing # was raised to 6,453 with 252 accounted dead. On Nov 20 the official count was reduced to just below 3,900. [see Dec 19]
    (SFC, 9/24/01, p.A3)(SFC, 11/21/01, p.A2)(SFC, 12/20/01, p.A15)
2001        Sep 23, In Hillsborough County, Florida, Randolph Standifer (21) was arrested for the rape and attempted murder of a 9-month-old baby that was kidnapped and abandoned a day earlier.
    (SFC, 9/24/01, p.B2)
2001        Sep 23, NASA reported that its Deep Space I craft took pictures of the comet Borrelly.
    (SFC, 9/24/01, p.B2)
2001        Sep 23, Four coal miners were killed in an explosion at the Blue Creek Mine Number Five in Brookwood, Ala. 9 miners who rushed to their aid also died. The mine is the deepest in North America at 2,140 feet below the surface.
    (SFC, 9/25/01, p.A14)(AP, 9/23/06)
2001        Sep 23, Osama bin Laden issued a statement that called for Muslim brothers to resist the "Christian-Jewish crusade led by the big crusader Bush under the flag of the Cross…"
    (SFC, 9/25/01, p.A6)
2001        Sep 23, In Colombia 2 men were arrested in connection with a plot to assassinate Pres. Pastrana in July in the town of Armenia.
    (SFC, 9/26/01, p.C2)
2001        Sep 23, In Congo rebel leader Adolphe Onusumba acknowledged peace talks with Zimbabwe’s Pres. Mugabe.
    (SFC, 9/24/01, p.B2)
2001        Sep 23, Israel’s PM Sharon cancelled talks with Yasser Arafat after Palestinians fired 3 mortar shells in the Gaza Strip, 2 of which hit Jewish settlements and the 3rd fell inside Israel. There were no injuries.
    (SFC, 9/24/01, p.B1)
2001        Sep 23, In Macao pro-Beijing and business candidates won a majority of the 10 directly chosen 27 legislative seats. Pro-democracy candidates won 21% of the total vote, the highest won by any group.
    (SFC, 9/24/01, p.B2)
2001        Sep 23, The 6-member Persian "Gulf Cooperation Council" (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAR) met in Jidda and pledged support for an int’l. coalition against terrorism.
    (SFC, 9/24/01, p.A7)
2001        Sep 23, Elections were held in Poland and the Democratic Left Alliance, composed of former Communists, won with 41% of the popular vote. Leszek Miller became the new PM.
    (SFC, 9/24/01, p.B1)(Econ, 2/19/05, p.49)

2002        Sep 23, The Bush administration asked a federal appeals court to strike down Oregon's assisted-suicide law.
    (SFC, 9/24/02, p.A3)
2002        Sep 23, A 24-count indictment charging conspiracy, securities fraud and wire fraud was filed against the founding family and two executives of bankrupt cable company Adelphia Communications Corporation.
    (AP, 9/23/03)
2002        Sep 23, Governor Gray Davis signed a law making California the first state to offer workers paid family leave.
    (SFC, 9/24/02, p.A1)(AP, 9/23/03)
2002        Sep 23, Hong Im Ballenger, a beauty shop manager in Baton Rouge, La., was shot to death. Her murder was later attributed to John Allen Muhammed, the Washington area sniper.
    (SFC, 11/1/02, p.A3)
2002        Sep 23, Rachel Burkheimer (18) of Marysville, Wa., was shot to death by her boyfriend John Anderson. On Oct 5 Matthew Durham led police to her body. 8 people were later arrested for her murder. In 2004 Yusef Jihad, head of a gang involved in the killing, was convicted of 1st degree murder. Anderson was convicted of aggravated 1st degree murder on May 19, 2004. In 2004 Tony Williams (22) was sentenced to 9 years in prison and Maurice Rivas (20) to 26 years.
    (ST, 4/6/04, p.B5)(ST, 5/20/04, p.B1)(ST, 7/29/04, p.B1)
2002        Sep 23, In Inner Mongolia, China, a staircase guardrail gave way at a school, killing 21 students.
    (Reuters, 9/24/02)
2002        Sep 23, Georgia's president sought to defuse an explosive war of words with Russia, offering to let Moscow send unarmed military observers to the mountain valley where Russia says terrorists are operating.
    (AP, 9/23/02)
2002        Sep 23, War fever drove U.S. oil prices to a new 19-month high as dealers took fright at the growing threat of a U.S. assault on Iraq.
    (AP, 9/23/02)
2002        Sep 23, Twenty five leaders from Asia and the European Union gathered for a two-day summit expected to focus on North Korea, the fight against international terrorism and economic cooperation.
    (AP, 9/23/02)
2002        Sep 23, Hurricane Isidore left two dead and 300,000 homeless in Mexico's Yucatan and moved toward the U.S. Gulf coast.
    (AP, 9/24/02)
2002        Sep 23, In Kashmir Muslim separatists killed 10 people in grenade attacks on polling stations to frighten voters.
    (SFC, 9/24/02, p.A13)
2002        Sep 23, Nepali troops fought a fierce battle with Maoist rebels and killed 24 guerrillas. The death toll from the fighting took the number of insurgents killed in the last five days to 143.
    (Reuters, 9/25/02)
2002        Sep 23, A defiant Yasser Arafat dug in at his besieged West Bank compound, rejecting Israel's demand to hand over the names of all those holed up inside.
    (AP, 9/23/03)
2002        Sep 23, A Palestinian gunman opened fire on visitors attending Jewish holiday celebrations In Hebron, killing a man and wounding three of his sons.
    (AP, 9/24/02)

2003        Sep 23, Speaking at the United Nations, President Bush rejected calls from France and Germany to hasten the transfer of power in Iraq, insisting the shift to self-government could be "neither hurried nor delayed."
    (AP, 9/23/04)
2003        Sep 23, Puerto Rico's congressional delegate said the United States will close its Roosevelt Roads Naval Station in eastern Puerto Rico within the next six months.
    (AP, 9/23/03)
2003        Sep 23, US forces in Iraq killed 3 civilians in an aerial attack on a farming village.
    (SFC, 9/24/03, p.A3)
2003        Sep 23, A federal appeals court unanimously put California's recall election back on the calendar for Oct. 11.
    (AP, 9/23/04)
2003        Sep 23, In California's Gov. Gray Davis signed a law to prohibit spam effective Jan 1.
    (SFC, 9/24/03, p.A1)
2003        Sep 23, Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) introduced 64-bit computing for PC users. The 1st new chip is the AMD Athlon 64 Processor 3200+, which runs at 2 GHz.
    (SFC, 9/23/03, p.B1)
2003        Sep 23, Scientists reported that human bone fragments found in a cave from Aveline's Hole in the Mendip Hills of southwest England date from 10,200-10,400BCE.
    (AP, 9/23/03)
2003        Sep 23, China signed agreements with Russia and four Central Asian neighbors (Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Kazakhstan) in an effort to strengthen a 7-year-old security alliance and encourage economic links across a largely undeveloped region.
    (AP, 9/23/03)
2003        Sep 23, A power outage struck the capital of Denmark and southern Sweden, leaving nearly 4 million people without electricity.
    (AP, 9/23/03)
2003        Sep 23, Ivory Coast rebel leaders said they were abandoning their posts in Ivory Coast's power-sharing government and halting disarmament.
    (AP, 9/23/03)
2003        Sep 23, A raid in Saudi Arabia on Islamic militants left three suspects dead, including Jubran Sultan al-Qahtani (aka as Zubayr al-Rimi), an al-Qaida figure wanted by the US.
    (AP, 9/24/03)

2004        Sep 23, President Bush denied painting too rosy a picture about Iraq, and said he would consider sending more troops if asked; Iraq's interim leader, Ayad Allawi, standing with Bush in the White House Rose Garden, said additional troops weren't needed. Allawi declared that his country is succeeding in its effort to move past the war that ousted Saddam Hussein.
    (AP, 9/23/04)(AP, 9/23/05)
2004        Sep 23, The US Congress voted to extend 3 tax cuts aimed at the middle class along with a bevy of business tax breaks.
    (SFC, 9/24/04, p.A3)
2004        Sep 23, Antarctic researchers reported that the ice cap’s glaciers are now melting twice as fast as in the 1990s and raising sea level.
    (WSJ, 9/24/04, p.A1)
2004        Sep 23, In Belgium a woman gave birth to a healthy baby after doctors had transplanted ovarian tissue, frozen since 1997, back into her abdomen.
    (SFC, 9/24/04, p.A1)
2004        Sep 23, In southern Brazil seven teenagers were beaten to death and five others were injured in a rebellion at a juvenile detention center.
    (AP, 9/24/04)
2004        Sep 23, Nigel Nicolson (87), English writer and publisher, died. His mother was Vita Sackville-West.
    (Econ, 10/2/04, p.87)
2004        Sep 23, Egypt’s ruling National Democratic Party ended its annual conference and announced that income and corporate taxes would be halved with top rates capped at 20%.
    (Econ, 9/25/04, p.61)
2004        Sep 23, Haiti officials said the death toll from Tropical Storm Jeanne rose to more than 1,070 and could double again.
    (AP, 9/23/04)
2004        Sep 23, US warplanes fired on insurgent targets in the east Baghdad slum of Sadr City. Iraqi doctors said one person was killed and 12 were injured, many of them children. Gunmen in Mosul killed a senior official of Iraq's North Oil Co.
    (AP, 9/23/04)
2004        Sep 23, A militant group falsely claimed in a Web posting that two Italian women taken hostage in Iraq had been killed. [see Sep 28]
    (AP, 9/23/04)
2004        Sep 23, In Iraq kidnappers seized 2 more Egyptian construction engineers working for the country's mobile phone company.
    (AP, 9/24/04)(SFC, 9/25/04, p.A1)
2004        Sep 23, In Latvia lawmakers rejected a proposal to let nearly 500,000 ethnic Russians vote in local elections, despite giving the same right to citizens of EU countries who live in the Baltic state.
    (AP, 9/23/04)
2004        Sep 23, In northern Nigeria a gunbattle between security forces and Islamic militants fighting to create a Taliban-style state left 29 people dead, most of them militants.
    (AP, 9/24/04)
2004        Sep 23, Three Palestinian gunmen infiltrated a fog-shrouded Israeli army post at dawn, killing three Israeli soldiers in a fierce gunbattle before they were shot to death.
    (AP, 9/23/04)
2004        Sep 23, A senior Russian official said his country’s appetite for counterfeits costs manufacturers tens of billions of dollars each year: "Billions, tens of billions of dollars of fake goods are in circulation."
    (AP, 9/23/04)

2005        Sep 23, G7 finance ministers and central bankers concluded a meeting in Washington and agreed to meet again in December in London and bid farewell to Chairman Alan Greenspan. They focused their attention on lopsided global economic progress and rising oil prices.
    (AFP, 9/24/05)(WSJ, 9/24/05, p.A4)
2005        Sep 23, Lester Crawford, commissioner of the US FDA, resigned. He had just been confirmed on July 18.
    (SFC, 9/24/05, p.A2)
2005        Sep 23, Hurricane Rita, dropped to Category 4, moved toward the Texas and Louisiana coast with 135 mph winds, creating monumental traffic jams along evacuation routes and raising fears of a crippling blow to the nation's oil-refining industry.
    (AP, 9/23/05)
2005        Sep 23, In New Orleans water poured over a patched levee, cascading into one of the city's lowest-lying neighborhoods and heightening fears that Hurricane Rita would re-flood this devastated city.
    (AP, 9/23/05)
2005        Sep 23, In Texas a bus carrying elderly evacuees from Hurricane Rita caught fire and was rocked by explosions on a gridlocked highway near Dallas, killing 23 people. In 2006 James Maples (65), owner of the bus, was acquitted of a safety violation but convicted on 2 lesser counts. His company Global Limo was found guilty on all charges.
    (AP, 9/23/05)(SFC, 10/4/06, p.A3)
2005        Sep 23, Scientists reported that the transplant of the nearly entire human chromosome 21 in mice in a medical and technical breakthrough that could reveal new insights into Down's syndrome and other disorders.
    (Reuters, 9/23/05)
2005        Sep 23, Arubans voted for a prime minister and all 21 seats in the parliament in a race that has focused on immigration and frustration over stagnant salaries lagging behind inflation.
    (AP, 9/23/05)
2005        Sep 23, A US embassy official said the US is to help its Caspian Sea ally Azerbaijan build a radar station on its border with Iran and another near Russia.
    (AP, 9/23/05)
2005        Sep 23, A British convert to Islam was jailed for 15 years after being convicted in London on two charges of possessing of articles for use in terrorism. Andrew Rowe (34), arrested in Oct, 2003, was found guilty of having a book containing notes on how to fire a mortar bomb, plus details of a secret communication code. He was jailed for 7½  years for each charge.
    (AP, 9/23/05)
2005        Sep 23, The People’s Bank of China said the yuan would be allowed to fluctuate by 3% a day against the euro, yen and other non-dollar currencies, compared with a 1.5% previous limit. Movements against the dollar remained limited to 0.3%.
    (Econ, 10/1/05, p.71)
2005        Sep 23, Colombia's 2nd-largest rebel group, the ELN, accepted an offer from Venezuela to host peace talks between the guerrillas and the Colombian government.
    (AP, 9/24/05)
2005        Sep 23, Maarike Harro, director of the National Institute for Health Development said the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that one in every 100 people in Estonia in the 15 to 49 age group may be infected with HIV.
    (AFP, 9/23/05)
2005        Sep 23, In Egypt Seoudi Ali Salem, a Qatari man participating in an informal car race, killed five people and injured 32 when his speeding car slammed into a crowd sitting on a grassy median strip on the airport road. Salem fled the scene with another driver.
    (AP, 9/24/05)
2005        Sep 23, In Haiti Dumarsais Simeus (65), owner of a Texas-based food services company, was rejected as a presidential candidate because he has US citizenship. Simeus appealed the decision.
    (AP, 9/24/05)
2005        Sep 23, The newly opened Hong Kong Disneyland said it prefers that its 5,000 workers not unionize as activists described tough work conditions at the park such as long hours, harsh turnarounds and lack of breaks.
    (AP, 9/23/05)
2005        Sep 23, A suicide bomber detonated hidden explosives on a small bus in Baghdad, killing 6 people. 2 American soldiers died in separate attacks. A roadside bomb killed a US Army soldier whose convoy was patrolling Baghdad.
    (AP, 9/23/05)(SFC, 9/24/05, p.A3)
2005        Sep 23, Sinn Fein and Irish government leaders said the outlawed Irish Republican Army is ready to dispose of its stockpiled arms in a long-sought peace move, possibly within the next week, after their first meeting in eight months.
    (AP, 9/24/05)
2005        Sep 23, Lithuania’s defense minister said the crash of a Russian military jet in Lithuania was almost certainly accidental and the pilot will be sent home when the investigation ends, but he criticized Moscow for sending a plane armed with missiles into the country's airspace.
    (AP, 9/23/05)
2005        Sep 23, North Korean leader Kim Jong Il ordered his aides to arrange a meeting with a high-ranking U.S. official, possibly with President Bush.
    (AP, 9/23/05)
2005        Sep 23, Religious schools in Pakistan agreed to register with the government on condition the process is approved by parliament and they don't have to reveal their sources of funding.
    (AP, 9/23/05)
2005        Sep 23, Palestinians took charge of a border for the first time ever, allowing thousands to cross between the Gaza Strip and Egypt in a temporary opening of the frontier.
    (AP, 9/23/05)
2005        Sep 23, In Gaza’s Jebaliya refugee camp a truck filled with masked militants and homemade weapons exploded at a Hamas rally, killing at least 15 Palestinians and wounding 80, including children. Hamas blamed Israel and unleashed a barrage of rocket fire that lasted through the night.
    (AP, 9/24/05)(SSFC, 9/25/05, A3)
2005        Sep 23, In the southern Philippines 3 teenagers were killed and at least 8 others wounded when a retired army sergeant threw a grenade at a group of boys at a town fiesta.
    (AP, 9/24/05)
2005        Sep 23, In Puerto Rico FBI agents shot and killed Filiberto Ojeda Rios (72), a Puerto Rican nationalist leader wanted in the 1983 robbery of a Connecticut armored truck.
    (AP, 9/25/05)(Econ, 10/1/05, p.82)
2005        Sep 23, In Puerto Rico real estate developer Adam Anhang (b.1973), a Canadian businessman, was killed. Jonathan Roman Rivera (22) spent eight months in maximum security prison after he was sentenced to 105 years for the slaying. Rivera was released in June 2008 after another man was indicted for the murder. In 2009 Rivera sued more than a dozen police officials and prosecutors for his ordeal, seeking $12 million in damages.
    (http://www.121s.com/viewtopic.php?t=594)(AP, 9/17/09)
2005        Sep 23, Police in the breakaway republic of Somaliland raided houses in the capital, Hargeisa, where al-Qaida militants were believed holed up and captured four suspects after a shootout. A fifth suspect was arrested 20 miles away. Pres. Dahir Riyale Kahnin said the men were mostly locals trained at a camp outside Mogadishu, Somalia.
    (AP, 9/23/05)(Econ, 10/1/05, p.43)
2005        Sep 23, The UN Security Council extended the peacekeeping mission in Sudan by six months.
    (AP, 9/23/05)

2006        Sep 23, Barry Bonds hit his 734th career home run in the Giants' 10-8 loss to the Brewers, breaking Hank Aaron's NL record.
    (AP, 9/23/07)
2006        Sep 23, Two days of high winds, heavy rain and tornadoes pounded parts of the US Midwest and the South, killing at least 10 people and stranding others in trees and shelters while forecasters warned that the stormy weather was expected to continue.
    (AP, 9/23/06)(SSFC, 9/24/06, p.A2)
2006        Sep 23, Three young children were found dead in an East St. Louis, Ill., apartment, hours after Tiffany Hall was charged with killing their pregnant mother and her fetus in a grisly attack. Hall has since been charged with first-degree murder in the deaths of Jimella Tunstall and her children, as well as intentional homicide of Tunstall's fetus.
    (AP, 9/23/07)
2006        Sep 23, Etta Baker (93), blues guitarist, died in Fairfax, Va. In 1991 she won a Folk Heritage Fellowship from the National Endowment for the Arts. Her albums included a 2004 recording with Taj Mahal.
    (SFC, 9/26/06, p.D6)
2006        Sep 23, Afghan and NATO-led security forces backed by war planes killed 40 rebels in Helmand province's Greshk district.
    (AFP, 9/24/06)
2006        Sep 23, In Bolivia 90% of the country’s productive land was still owned by just 50,000 families. Four-fifths of the rural population remained poor.
    (Econ, 9/23/06, p.41)
2006        Sep 23, Toomas Hendrik Ilves (52), a Western-leaning former diplomat and journalist, was narrowly elected Estonia's president, ousting the incumbent who was favored in the race.
    (AP, 9/23/06)
2006        Sep 23, Russian Pres. Vladimir Putin and his French counterpart Jacques Chirac joined German Chancellor Angela Merkel for a three-way informal summit in a chateau in Compiegne.
    (AP, 9/23/06)
2006        Sep 23, In northern England at least 10,000 anti-war demonstrators marched through the city of Manchester, protesting the presence of British troops in Iraq and Afghanistan.
    (AP, 9/23/06)
2006        Sep 23, A French newspaper reported that Osama bin Laden had died in Pakistan on August 23 of typhoid fever. The report was not confirmed.
    (SSFC, 9/24/06, p.A4)
2006        Sep 23, Gambian President Yahya Jammeh easily won a third term and called for a concerted effort to develop the country socially and economically.
    (AP, 9/23/06)
2006        Sep 23, A square in front of Hungary's parliament overflowed with demonstrators demanding that PM Gyurcsany quit in the largest protest yet since a recording was leaked on which he admitted lying to the people about the economy. Hungary’s current-account deficit reached 9% of GDP and the budget deficit hit 10%.
    (AP, 9/24/06)(Econ, 9/23/06, p.64)
2006        Sep 23, In Indian Kashmir suspected militants shot dead a man and a woman near Srinagar. A border guard hurt in a bomb explosion died the next day.
    (AFP, 9/24/06)
2006        Sep 23, Indian security officials in the western desert state of Rajasthan shot dead three suspected militants who were trying to cross over from Pakistan.
    (AP, 9/24/06)
2006        Sep 23, A bombing in the Shiite slum of Sadr City killed 38 people and wounded 42 as they stocked up on fuel for Ramadan. The severed heads of 10 Iraqi soldiers that were tossed into a crowded market in Beiji by unidentified gunmen. Minority Sunnis began the fasting month of Ramadan. Police Col. Ismaiel Chehayyan was killed by gunmen while having his Ramadan fast-breaking dinner at a friend's house. Iraqi security forces arrested a leader of the al-Ashreen Brigades, a group responsible for attacks and kidnappings. The leader along with 7 aides were captured in Kharnabat. 5 apparent death squad victims were turned in to the morgue in Kut. The victims were blindfolded with their arms and hands bound, and showed signs of torture.
    (AP, 9/23/06)(AP, 9/24/06)
2006        Sep 23, The TV series “The Renegades,” directed by Najdat Anzour of Syria, began showing in Lebanon and the rest of the Arab world. It fictionalized the devastating effects of terrorism on Muslim families.
    (SFC, 10/4/06, p.A7)
2006        Sep 23, In Mexico the governor of Oaxaca state warned 70,000 striking teachers that they would be replaced and lose their pay unless they immediately returned to work.
    (AP, 9/24/06)
2006        Sep 23, In Nepal's mountainous east a helicopter with 24 people aboard went missing. Searchers found the wreckage on Sep 25. The 24 dead included 2 Americans, Nepalese Forestry Minister Gopal Rai, Finnish Embassy Charge d'Affaires Pauli Mustonen and Canadian Jennifer Headley, a coordinator for WWF, several Nepali journalists, government officials and four crew members, two Russians and two Nepalis.
    (AP, 9/23/06)(AP, 9/25/06)
2006        Sep 23, In Pakistan at least 8 people were killed and 55 injured when a bus collided with another on the main highway near the Islamabad. According to official statistics Pakistan has the world's third highest death rate from road accidents.
    (AFP, 9/23/06)
2006        Sep 23, Spain's Basque separatist group ETA has said it will not give up its weapons until independence for the Basque region is won, fuelling concerns over the future of a six-month-old ceasefire.
    (AFP, 9/24/06)
2006        Sep 23, In eastern Turkey suspected Kurdish guerrillas set off an explosive-laden minibus across from a police guest house, injuring 17 people.
    (AP, 9/23/06)
2006        Sep 23, Yemen's President Ali Abdullah Saleh was re-elected with more than 77% of votes in the face of the strongest challenge since he came to power 28 years ago. Faisal bin Shamlan won almost 22% of the vote. Opposition parties backing bin Shamlan immediately rejected the election commission's results, claiming their candidate won at least 40%.
    (AP, 9/24/06)

2007        Sep 23, The 7-part, 15-hour opus “The War,” by Ken Burns and co-director Lynn Novick, began on PBS. PBS later estimated 18.7 million viewers saw the airings of "The War," the first chapter of Ken Burns' seven-part documentary about World War II.
    (SSFC, 9/23/07, p.A1)(AP, 9/25/07)
2007        Sep 23, The campaign group End Child Prostitution, Child Pornography and the Trafficking of Children for Sexual Purposes (ECPAT) said criminal gangs are trafficking hundreds of children into Britain and forcing them to work in cannabis factories, with at least one child per week being found by police.
    (AFP, 9/23/07)
2007        Sep 23, In Egypt thousands of workers at Ghazl el-Mahalla started a strike, demanding 150-day shares of annual profits, improved industrial safety, and raising the monthly bonuses. The strike started by 10,000 workers, has gone up to 15,000. Ghazl al-Mahallah is the biggest textile factory in the Middle East, with over 27,000 workers comprising its total labor force.
    (http://tinyurl.com/2o3aup)
2007        Sep 23, Indian Oil Minister Murli Deora witnessed the signing of three accords between state-run Oil and Natural Gas Corp (ONGC) and the state-run Myanmar Oil and Gas Enterprise at Nay Pyi Taw, the administrative capital of Myanmar.
    (AFP, 9/24/07)
2007        Sep 23, Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad left Tehran for New York to address the United Nations; state media quoted him as saying the American people were eager for different opinions about the world, and that he was looking forward to providing them with "correct and clear information."
    (AP, 9/23/08)
2007        Sep 23, The Israeli Cabinet voted overwhelmingly to release 90 Palestinian prisoners in an effort to shore up the moderate Palestinian president, Mahmoud Abbas, in his power struggle with Islamic Hamas militants.
    (AP, 9/23/07)
2007        Sep 23, Yasuo Fukuda, a veteran moderate, easily won election as Japan's ruling party president, pledging to keep a pro-US foreign policy and improve ties with Asia after he almost certainly becomes prime minister later this week.
    (AP, 9/23/07)
2007        Sep 23, In Myanmar some 20,000 people, led by Buddhist monks, protested against the junta. Riot police and barbed wire barricades blocked hundreds of monks and anti-government demonstrators from approaching the home of the detained democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi, in a new show of force against a rising protest movement.
    (AP, 9/23/07)

2008        Sep 23, The Bush administration urgently pressed Congress in public and private to move quickly on a $700 billion bailout of the financial industry as Democratic and Republican lawmakers vented their anger over a crisis that pushed the nation's economy to the brink. Congress and treasury secretary Hank Paulson appeared to have  worked out the general outlines of the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP).
    (AP, 9/23/08)(Econ, 9/27/08, p.81)
2008        Sep 23, The US said it has given Ethiopia 151 million dollars to boost its health and education services.
    (AP, 9/23/08)
2008        Sep 23, California’s Gov. Schwarzenegger signed a $144.5 billion spending plan. The state budget was a record 85 days late.
    (SFC, 9/24/08, p.A1)(WSJ, 9/24/08, p.A1)
2008        Sep 23, Ronald Dominique, suspected of killing as many as 23 men in southern Louisiana over 10 years, pleaded guilty to killing 8 men. He was sentenced to serve 8 consecutive sentences of life in prison.
    (SFC, 9/24/08, p.A4)
2008        Sep 23, Chrysler LLC disclosed that it had lost $400 million so far this year just hours after it unveiled prototypes of 3 new electric cars.
    (WSJ, 9/24/08, p.B1)
2008        Sep 23, Goldman Sachs said it will get a $5 billion infusion from Warren Buffett and his Berkshire Hathaway Inc., giving Berkshire roughly 10% of Goldman.
    (WSJ, 9/24/08, p.A1)
2008        Sep 23, Google and T-Mobile unveiled the T-Mobile G1, the first phone to use the Google’s Android operating system.
    (SFC, 9/24/08, p.C1)
2008        Sep 23, In China Li Shiming, a corrupt and rapacious local Communist Party secretary in Shanxi province, was murdered by Zhang Xuping (18). Shiming had Zhang expelled from school in 2003 following the imprisonment of his mother, who had protested along with others the confiscation of land by Shiming.
    (Econ, 8/22/09, p.38)
2008        Sep 23, Ecuador expelled a leading Brazilian construction firm sending in troops to seize projects worth $800 million. Pres. Correa was battling with the Odebrecht firm over a dam which the government said was badly built.
    (WSJ, 9/24/08, p.A24)
2008        Sep 23, In western Finland Matti Juhani Saari (22), whose violent YouTube postings made police bring him in for questioning, opened fire at his trade school, killing 8 women and 2 men before shooting himself.
    (AP, 9/23/08)(AP, 9/24/08)
2008        Sep 23, Iran's President Ahmadinejad addressed the UN General Assembly declaring that "the American empire" is nearing collapse and should end its military involvement in other countries.
    (AP, 9/23/08)
2008        Sep 23, Two bombs apparently targeting Iraqi security forces struck different areas in Baghdad, killing at least one civilian and wounding seven others. US soldiers accidentally killed Jassim al-Garrout, a US-allied Sunni group leader in Siniyah.
    (AP, 9/23/08)(SFC, 9/24/08, p.A9)
2008        Sep 23, Japan’s Nomura Holdings said it will buy the European and Middle Eastern equities and investment banking operations of Lehman Brothers for an undisclosed sum.
    (AFP, 9/23/08)
2008        Sep 23, The international organization Transparency International reported that, among 30 member states of the European Union (EU) and other countries of Western Europe, only Romania and Bulgaria encounter worse situation than Lithuania according to the corruption perceptions index.
    (www.baltic-course.com/eng/analytics/?doc=5411)
2008        Sep 23, Mexico said it plans to search 10 percent of all vehicles entering the country from the United States in an effort to curb arms smuggling.
    (AP, 9/24/08)
2008        Sep 23, Myanmar's longest-serving political prisoner, journalist Win Tin, was freed after 19 years behind bars and vowed to continue his struggle to achieve democracy in the military-ruled country. Altogether Myanmar freed 9,002 prisoners. Win Htein (64), a former aide to Myanmar pro-democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi, was re-arrested less than 24 hours after being freed by the military government in the mass amnesty.
    (AP, 9/23/08)(SFC, 9/24/08, p.A4)(AP, 9/26/08)
2008        Sep 23, Pakistani officials said security forces, backed by helicopter gunships and artillery, have killed more than 60 insurgents in the northwest tribal regions in offensives aimed at denying al-Qaida and Taliban militants safe havens.
    (AP, 9/23/08)
2008        Sep 23, The bodies of 2 Palestinian smugglers were pulled from a tunnel that collapsed along the Gaza-Egypt border. 3 more bodies were removed the next day. The five were bringing contraband goods from Egypt into Gaza when an explosion collapsed the tunnel. Three smugglers survived and were arrested on the Egyptian side.
    (AP, 9/24/08)
2008        Sep 23, Portugal's Socialist government began the roll-out of 500,000 ultra-cheap laptops for school children in a program that the government said could be extended to Venezuela. While the Magellan computer will be assembled in Portugal by a company called JP Sa Couto, it is based on Intel's Classmate PC, a cheap computer that has been adopted in various formats in countries such as Brazil and Indonesia.
    (Reuters, 9/23/08)
2008        Sep 23, Heavy fighting between Somali insurgents and African Union forces erupted in southern Mogadishu, leaving at least seven civilians dead.
    (AFP, 9/23/08)
2008        Sep 23, South Africa's finance minister resigned along with most leading Cabinet members but tried to reassure a shaken business community and stock market by saying he was willing to serve the country's new administration.
    (AP, 9/23/08)
2008        Sep 23, Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez arrived in China to hold talks with his counterpart Hu Jintao and sign a deal for combat aircraft in a visit likely to irk the US. Chavez said Venezuela and China agreed to jointly build 2 oil refineries, one in each country.
    (AP, 9/23/08)(WSJ, 9/24/08, p.A25)

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