Today in History - September 25

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813        Sep 25, Al-Amin, Arabic Caliph of Islam (809-813), was murdered.
    (MC, 9/25/01)

1066        Sep 25, King Harold Godwinson II marched north and attacked the Vikings at the Battle of Stampford Bridge in Yorkshire. The King of Norway was killed and Harold’s forces destroyed the Vikings who returned to Norway in 24 of their 300 ships. Marching north to face a Norwegian invasion force commanded by King Harald Sigurdsson, aka Hardraade, and by his usurper brother, Tostig, Harold Godwinson defended his crown at Stamford Bridge, resulting in a Saxon victory and the deaths of both Harald and Tostig. Soon afterward, however, Harold had to march south to face another invading contender for his throne, Duke William the Bastard of Normandy, who defeated and killed Harold at Hastings on October 14, and took the English crown as William the Conqueror.
    (TLC, 6/25/95)
1066        Sep 25, Harald III Hardrada (51), king of Norway and England (1047-66), died in battle. Herald was later laid to rest in Waltham Abbey.
    (MC, 9/25/01)(AP, 1/3/03)

1396        Sep 25, A Christian crusade, led jointly by John the Fearless of Nevers and King Sigismund of Hungary, ended in disaster at the hands of Sultan Bajezid I's Ottoman army at Nicopolis.
    (HN, 9/25/98)(PCh, 1992, p.137)

1492        Sep 25, Crew members aboard one of Christopher Columbus' ships, the Pinta, shouted that they could see land, but it turned out to be a false sighting.
    (AP, 9/25/99)

1493        Sep 25, Christopher Columbus set sail from Cadiz, Spain, with a flotilla of 17 ships on his 2nd voyage to the Western Hemisphere. He was accompanied by 13 clerics; Alvarez Chanca, a physician who left valuable accounts of the voyage; Juan Ponce de Leon; Juan de la Cosa, a cartographer; and Columbus’s younger brother Bartholomew.
    (AP, 9/25/97)(AM, 7/97, p.58)

1513        Sept 25, Vasco Nunez de Balboa, Spanish explorer, crossed the Isthmus of Panama and claimed the Pacific Ocean for Spain. He was named governor of Panama and the Pacific by King Ferdinand. In 2004 Hugh Thomas authored “Rivers of Gold: The Rise of the Spanish Empire from Columbus to Magellan.”
    (HFA, '96, p.38)(TL-MB, 1988, p.10)(SFEC, 9/21/97, p.C7)(WSJ, 6/2/04, p.D12)

1525        Sep 25, Johannes Pistorius, [Bakker], Roman Catholic pastor and church reformer, was burned at age 26. [see Sep 15]
    (MC, 9/25/01)

1555        Sep 25, The Religious Peace of Augsburg compromised differences between Catholics and Protestants in the German states. Each prince could chose which religion would be followed in his realm. Lutheranism was acknowledged by the Holy Roman Empire. The Peace of Augsburg was the first permanent legal basis for the existence of Lutheranism as well as Catholicism in Germany. It was promulgated as part of the Diet of the Holy Roman Empire. Charles V's Augsburg Interim of 1548 was a temporary doctrinal agreement between German Catholics and Protestants that was overthrown in 1552.
    (TL-MB, 1988, p.19)(PCh, 1992, p.189)(HNQ, 2/8/99)

1598        Sep 25, In Sweden, King Sigismund was defeated at Stangebro by his Uncle Charles.
    (HN, 9/25/98)

1627        Sep 25, Jacques-Benigne Bossuet, theologian, was born.
    (MC, 9/25/01)

1639        Sep 25, The 1st printing press in America began operating.
    (MC, 9/25/01)

1644        Sep 25, Olaus Rímer, 1st to accurately measured speed of light, was born in Denmark.
    (MC, 9/25/01)

1680        Sep 25, Samuel Butler (b.1612), poet and satirist, died.
    (MC, 9/25/01)

1683        Sep 25, Jean-Philippe Rameau, composer, was born in Dijon, France.
    (MC, 9/25/01)

1690        Sep 25, One of the earliest American newspapers, “Publick Occurrences,” published its first and last edition in Boston. The colonial governor and council disallowed the pamphlet due to its contents.
    (AP, 9/25/00)(WSJ, 3/8/06, p.D14)

1714        Sep 25, Jean-Benoit Leclair, composer, was born.
    (MC, 9/25/01)

1775        Sep 25, British troops captured Ethan Allen, the hero of Ticonderoga, when he and a handful of Americans led an attack on Montreal, Canada.
    (AP, 9/25/97)(HN, 9/25/98)

1777        Sep 25, English general William Howe conquered Philadelphia. [see Sep 26]
    (MC, 9/25/01)

1780        Sep 25, American General Benedict Arnold joined the British.
    (MC, 9/25/01)(ON, 11/01, p.5)

1789        Sep 25, The first United States Congress [proposed] adopted 12 amendments to the Constitution and sent them to the states for ratification. Ten of the amendments became the Bill of Rights. 14 copies were hand written and 13 were sent to the individual states.
    (WUD, 1994, p.1703)(AP, 9/25/97)(HN, 9/25/98)(SFC, 1/20/02, p.A11)

1804        Sep 25, The 12th Amendment was ratified. It required electors to vote separately for the president and vice-president.
    (HN, 9/25/98)(WSJ, 10/27/99, p.A16)(WSJ, 12/11/00, p.A18)

1829        Sep 25, There was a failed assassination attempt on Simon Bolivar.
    (MC, 9/25/01)

1832        Sep 25, William Le Baron Jenney, US, architect and "father of the skyscraper," was born.
    (MC, 9/25/01)

1846        Sep 25, American General Zachary Taylor's forces captured Monterey, Mexico. [see May 24]
    (HN, 9/25/98)

1847        Sep 25, Vinnie Ream, who sculpted President Abraham Lincoln from life shortly before he was assassinated, was born.
    (HN, 9/25/98)

1849        Sep 25, Johann Baptist Strauss, elder, composer (Radetzky March), died at 45.
    (MC, 9/25/01)

1861        Sep 25, Secretary of US Navy authorized the enlistment of slaves.
    (MC, 9/25/01)

1866        Sep 25, (Leonard W) Jerome Park opened in Bronx for horse racing.
    (MC, 9/25/01)

1867        Sep 25, Congress created the 1st all black university, Howard Univ. in Wash DC.
    (MC, 9/25/01)

1888        Sep 25, Start of Sherlock Holmes "Hound of Baskervilles."
    (MC, 9/25/01)
1888        Sep 25, The Royal Court Theatre, London, opened.
    (MC, 9/25/01)

1890        Sep 25, President Benjamin Harrison signed a measure establishing Sequoia National Park. Sequoia National Park, the nation’s 2nd oldest, was created by Congress. The army was assigned park patrol duty.
    (AP, 9/25/99)(SFC, 7/21/96, p.T3)(SFC, 2/1/03, p.A15)
1890        Sep 25, Congress established California’s Yosemite National Park.
    (MC, 9/25/01)
1890        Sep 25, Wilford Woodruff, president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, issued a Manifesto formally renouncing the practice of polygamy. The Mormons renounced the practice of polygamy after six decades in exchange for statehood for Utah. Smith’s revelation that God authorized polygamy remained in Article 132 of the church’s Doctrine and Covenants.
    (SFC, 8/6/98, p.A11)(NW, 9/10/01, p.48)(SSFC, 2/25/07, p.A4)(AP, 9/25/07)

1897        Sep 25, William Faulkner (d.1962), American author, was born in New Albany, Miss. His books were mostly set in Yoknapatawpha County, Mississippi. and include “The Sound and The Fury” and “Intruder in the Dust.” "The poet's voice need not merely be the record of man; it can be one of the props, the pillars to help him endure and prevail."
    (AP, 9/25/97)(HN, 9/25/98)

1903        Sep 25, Mark Rothko, [Marcus Rothkovich] US émigré painter (Green on Blue), was born. He came to the US in 1913. His work included “Subway” (1936/1939), “Street Scene” (1936/1938), “Untitled” (1942), “Untitled” (1942/1943), “Phalanx of the Mind” (1945), “The Source” (1946), “Sacrificial Moment” (1946), “Number 18” (1948), and “Untitled” (1945-1946).
    (V.D.-H.K.p.362)(SFC,1/21/97, p.B1,2)(MC, 9/25/01)

1904        Sep 25, A New York City police officer ordered a female passenger in an automobile on Fifth Avenue to stop smoking a cigarette. A male companion was arrested and later fined two dollars for "abusing" the officer.
    (AP, 9/25/98)

1905        Sep 25, Red Smith, sportscaster and columnist, was born in Green Bay Wisc.
    (MC, 9/25/01)

1906        Sep 25, Dimitri Shostakovich (d.1975), Soviet composer who wrote 15 symphonies, was born. His work included the Violin Concerto No. 2. [see Sep 12]
    (WUD, 1994, p.1320)(SFC, 1/30/98, p.E5)(HN, 9/25/98)

1907        Sep 25, Jean Sibelius' 3rd Symphony premiered.
    (MC, 9/25/01)

1909        Sep 25, The first National Aeronautic Show opened at Madison Square Garden.
    (HN, 9/25/98)

1911        Sep 25, Italy declared war on Turkey.
    (MC, 9/25/01)

1915        Sep 25, An allied offensive was launched in France against the German Army.
    (HN, 9/25/98)
1915        Sep 25, At the Battle at Loos: 8,246 British and 0 German casualties.
    (MC, 9/25/01)

1918        Sep 25, John Ireland, Irish and US archbishop of St Paul, died at 80.
    (MC, 9/25/01)
1918        Sep 25, Brazil declared war on Austria.
    (HN, 9/25/98)

1919        Sep 25, Pres. Wilson collapsed in Pueblo, Colorado. An ailing President Woodrow Wilson was faced with the possibility that the Senate might not ratify the Versailles Treaty ending World War I without substantial changes. Wilson embarked on a grueling railroad tour of America to sway public opinion in favor of his version of the Treaty, delivering 40 speeches in less than a week. He warned America that without the Treaty, "there will be another world war" within a single generation. He was rushed back to a White House sickroom but there suffered a stroke on October 2. For the five weeks Wilson's life was in danger, his doctor and Mrs. Edith Bolling Galt Wilson, kept the president isolated, but did not declare him unfit to perform his presidential duties. By November 1, Wilson once again governed the country, although he was left partially paralyzed, weak and demoralized. In March 1920, the Senate finally rejected the Treaty of Versailles.
    (AP, 9/25/97)(HNPD, 9/25/98)

1926        Sep 25, Henry Ford announced 8 hour, 5 day work week.
    (WSJ, 6/19/96, Adv. Supl)(MC, 9/25/01)
1926        Sep 25, The Convention to Suppress the Slave Trade and Slavery, an international treaty created under the auspices of the League of Nations, was first signed in Geneva to be effective March 9, 1927.
    (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1926_Slavery_Convention)

1931        Sep 25, Barbara Walters, television news personality best known for her one-on-one interviews with famous personalities, was born.
    (HN, 9/25/98)

1932        Sep 25, Glenn Gould, concert pianist best known for his Bach interpretations, was born.
    (HN, 9/25/98)

1933        Sep 25, 1st state poorhouse opened in Smyrna, Georgia.
    (MC, 9/25/01)
1933        Sep 25, The 5th "extermination campaign" against communists in Nanjing China.
    (MC, 9/25/01)

1935        Sep 25, Maxwell Anderson's "Winterset," premiered in NYC.
    (MC, 9/25/01)

1936        Sep 25-1936 Oct 13, The Tripartite Agreement between the US, the UK, and France established that the subscribing nations agree to buy and sell gold freely with each other in exchange for their own currency.
    (www.reserveasset.gold.org/monetary_history/key_documents/after/)

1937        Sep 25, In China Lin Biao masterminded the ambush and annihilation of more than 1,000 Japanese troops, at Pingxiangguan pass in Shanxi province.
    (AP, 7/16/07)
1937        Sep 25, German Chancellor Adolf Hitler met with Italian Premier Benito Mussolini in Munich.
    (HN, 9/25/98)

1938        Sep 25, President Franklin Roosevelt urged negotiations between Hitler and Czech President Benes over the Sudetenland.
    (HN, 9/25/98)

1939        Sep 25, German Luftwaffe struck Warsaw with fire bombs.
    (MC, 9/25/01)
1939        Sep 25, Andorra and Germany finally signed an official treaty ending WW I. The 1919 Versailles Peace Treaty failed to include Andorra.
    (MC, 9/25/01)

1940        Sep 25, German High Commissioner in Norway set up the Vidikun Quisling government.
    (SFC, 6/25/97, p.A10)(MC, 9/25/01)
1940        Sep 25, Luftwaffe bombed the Spitfire factory in Southampton. [see Sep 24]
    (MC, 9/25/01)

1942        Sep 25, The War Labor Board ordered equal pay for women in the United States.
    (HN, 9/25/98)

1943        Sep 25, The Red Army retook Smolensk from the Germans who were retreating to the Dnieper River in the Soviet Union.
    (HN, 9/25/98)

1944        Sep 25, Michael Douglas, actor (Coma, Wall St, Jewel of the Nile), was born in New Jersey.
    (MC, 9/25/01)

1945        Sep 25, Bela Bartok, Hungarian composer, died at 64. [see Sep 26]
    (MC, 9/25/01)

1948        Sep 25, Iva Toguri D'Aquino (b.1916), a Japanese-American suspected of being wartime radio propagandist "Tokyo Rose," arrived in SF aboard the General Hodges and was taken away by FBI agents. On Sep 9, 1949, she was found guilty of speaking into a microphone concerning the loss of US ships. She was sentenced to 10 years in prison and a $10,000 fine. She was released in 1956 and pardoned by Pres. Ford in 1977.
    (AP, 9/5/99)(AH, 10/02, p.28)

1952        Sep 25, Christopher Reeve, actor (Superman, Somewhere in Time), was born in NYC.
    (MC, 9/25/01)
1952        Sep 25, The American Federation of Labor broke a 71-year precedent and endorsed Democratic candidate Adlai Stevenson.
    (SFC, 9/20/02, p.E6)

1954        Sep 25, Francois "Doc" Duvalier won the Haitian presidential election.
    (MC, 9/25/01)

1955        Sep 25, Patty Berg won the LPGA Clock Golf Open.
    (MC, 9/25/01)

1956        Sep 25, The first trans-Atlantic telephone cable went into service.
    (AP, 9/25/06)

1957        Sep 25, With 300 members of the U.S. Army's 101st Airborne Division standing guard, nine black children forced to withdraw from Central High School in Little Rock, Ark., because of unruly white crowds, were escorted to class. Vice principle Elizabeth Huckaby (d.1999 at 93) escorted the children and in 1980 published "Crisis at Central High."
    (SFC, 3/26/99, p.D5)(AP, 9/25/07)

1958        Sep 25, John B Watson, US psychologist and behaviorist, died.
    (MC, 9/25/01)

1959        Sep 25, President Eisenhower and Soviet Premier Khrushchev began Camp David talks.
    (HN, 9/25/98)
1959        Sep 25, Cosmopolitan editor Helen Gurley (37) & David Brown (43) wed.
    (MC, 9/25/01)

1960        Sep 25, Emily Post (b.1873), etiquette expert, died at 86. A 1941 profile of Emily Price Post called her "the American dictator of correct behavior," an apt description since her book on etiquette sold more than 650,000 copies in its first 20 years. Born into high society, Post wanted to write novels but she turned to etiquette when she discovered the poor quality of existing books on the subject. For her, however, "nothing is less important than the fork you use"--rather, etiquette was the art of making other people feel comfortable. Post delivered her message with wit and style in radio broadcasts and a daily column printed in 160 newspapers.  A 1941 profile of Emily Price Post called her "the American dictator of correct behavior," an apt description since her book on etiquette sold more than 650,000 copies in its first 20 years. In 2008 Laura Claridge authored “Emily Post: Daughter of the Gilded Age, Mistress of American Manners.”
    (HNPD, 8/17/00)(WSJ, 10/16/08, p.A13)

1962        Sep 25, Sonny Liston knocked out Floyd Patterson in round one to win the world heavyweight title at Comiskey Park in Chicago.
    (AP, 9/25/02)
1962        Sep 25, A Black church was destroyed by fire in Macon, Georgia.
    (MC, 9/25/01)

1965        Sep 25, 60 year old Satchel Paige of the Kansas City A's pitched 3 scoreless innings.
    (MC, 9/25/01)

1966        Sep 25, Dmitri Shostakovitch's 2nd Cello Concert premiered in Moscow.
    (MC, 9/25/01)

1970        Sep 25, Erich M. Remarque (b.1898), German writer, died. His books included “Im West Nichts Neues” (All Quiet on the Western Front), 1929.
    (http://kirjasto.sci.fi/remarque.htm)

1971        Sep 25, Over 100 Russian officials were expelled from Britain for spying. Information from Oleg Lyalin, supposedly a member of the USSR's trade delegation in the UK, led to the expulsion of 105 Soviet officials from Britain.
    (http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/30/newsid_2523000/2523669.stm)

1973        Sep 25, The three-man crew of the U.S. space laboratory Skylab Two splashed down safely in the Pacific Ocean after spending 59 days in orbit.
    (AP, 9/25/98)

1974        Sep 25, Scientists warned that continued use of aerosol sprays will cause ozone depletion, which will lead to an increased risk of skin cancer and global weather changes.
    {Environment, USA, Cancer}
    (HN, 9/25/98)(www.todayinsci.com/9/9_25.htm)

1978        Sep 25, In Calif. 144 people were killed when a Pacific Southwest Airlines (PSA) Boeing 727 and a Cessna private plane collided over San Diego.
    (WUD, 1994, p.1691)(AP, 9/25/97)
1978        Sep 25, Jacobo Timerman was released by Argentina’s ruling junta under international pressure. His citizenship was stripped, his newspaper confiscated and he was put on a plane for Israel.
    (SFC, 11/12/99, p.D6)

1979        Sep 25, The musical "Evita" opened on NYC’s Broadway for 1568 performances.
    (AP, 9/25/97)

1981        Sep 25, Sandra Day O'Connor was sworn in as the first female justice on the U.S. Supreme Court.
    (AP, 9/25/97)(HN, 9/25/98)

1982        Sep 25, Pennsylvania prison guard George Banks killed 13 people including 4 that were his own children.
    (www.internationaljusticeproject.org/illnessGBanks.cfm)

1983        Sep 25, In the 35th Emmy Awards the winners included Hill St Blues, Cheers, Ed Flanders and Shelley Long.
    (http://tinyurl.com/2wxcpr)
1983        Sep 25, Leslie Michelle English (2) was raped and murdered in Griffin, Georgia. Her uncle, Eddie Albert Crawford was convicted of the murder and sentenced to death. After 20 years on death row Crawford was executed July 19, 2004.
    (SFC, 7/19/04, p.A4)
1983        Sep 25, In Northern Ireland Jimmy Smythe escaped from the Maze prison near Belfast along with 37 other prisoners. He made his way to San Francisco where he was arrested and released on bail in 1992. Kevin Barry Artt, Terence Kirby, and Pol Brennan also escaped and made their way to California. The were arrested in the 1990s and held in a federal prison in Pleasanton, CA. (http://larkspirit.com/ipow/hb4/kbabio.html).
    (SFC, 7/4/96, p.A20)(SFC, 10/10/98, p.A8)

1985        Sep 25, The Tyrell Museum of Paleontology was opened to the public. It is located 140 km. northeast of Calgary at Drumheller, Alberta, Canada.
    (CFA, '96, p.63)

1987        Sep 25, The US Senate unanimously approved the nomination of Judge William S. Sessions to be the new director of the FBI.
    (AP, 9/25/97)

1988        Sep 25, Republican George Bush and Democrat Michael Dukakis clashed over deficits, drugs and the Pledge of Allegiance in their first presidential debate.
    (AP, 9/25/98)
1988        Sep 25, Former first brother Billy Carter died in Plains, Ga., at 51.
    (AP, 9/25/98)
1988        Sep 25, Florence Griffith Joyner won the women's 100-meter dash at the Seoul Olympics.
    (AP, 9/25/98)

1989        Sep 25, President Bush, addressing the UN General Assembly, offered to slash American stocks of chemical weapons by more than 80%, provided the Soviets did the same.
    (AP, 9/25/99)

1990        Sep 25, In a videotaped message to Americans, Iraqi President Saddam Hussein warned that if President Bush launched a war against his country, “it would not be up to him to end it.”
    (AP, 9/25/00)
1990        Sep 25, The UN Security Council voted 14-to-1 to impose an air embargo against Iraq. Cuba cast the lone dissenting vote.
    (AP, 9/25/00)

1991        Sep 25, A national commission faulted the government for a lack of leadership in the fight against AIDS.
    (AP, 9/20/01)
1991        Sep 25, The UN Security Council unanimously passed Resolution 713 that imposed a worldwide arms embargo against Yugoslavia and all its warring factions.
    (SFC, 6/11/96, p.A14)(SFC, 6/19/96, p.A10)(AP, 9/20/01)
1991        Sep 25, Nazi war criminal Klaus Barbie died in Lyon, France, at age 77.
    (AP, 9/20/01)

1992        Sep 25, A judge in Orlando, Fla., ruled in favor of Gregory Kingsley, a 12-year-old boy seeking a "divorce" from his biological parents. He took the name Shawn Russ.
    (AP, 9/25/97)
1992        Sep 25, Some four dozen San Francisco bicycle riders began to ride up Market Street in a group called "Commute Clot." It grew to become Critical Mass bike ride held on the last Friday of each month.
    (SFC, 7/30/97, p.A13)(SFC, 9/26/02, p.A25)(SFC, 9/28/07, p.A1)
1992        Sep 25,  The Mars Observer blasted off on a $980 million mission to the red planet. The probe disappeared just before entering Martian orbit in August 1993.
    (AP, 9/25/97)

1993        Sep 25, Three U.S. soldiers in Somalia were killed when their helicopter was downed by a rocket-propelled grenade.
    (AP, 9/25/98)

1994        Sep 25, Russian President Boris Yeltsin began a five-day swing through the United States as he arrived in New York, hoping to encourage American investment in his country's struggling economy.
    (AP, 9/25/99)
1994        Sep 25, Swiss voters approved a ban on racist propaganda. The law became effective Jan 1,1995.
    (http://natall.com/national-vanguard/114/freedom.html)(www.ihr.org/jhr/v17/v17n4p-2.html)

1995        Sep 25, Ross Perot announced he would form a new Independence Party that would field its own White House candidate and would try to be the swing vote in congressional races.
    (AP, 9/25/00)
1995        Sep 25, A New Zealand volcano, Mt. Ruapehu, erupted with ash and steam spewed 12 miles high. There was some discussion over the radio whether this event was a direct result of the nuclear tests by France cited on 9/8/95.
    (WSJ, 9/27/95, p.A-16)

1996        Sep 25, NATO generals were ordered to prepare plans for an extension of allied military force in Bosnia beyond the Dec. 20 deadline.
    (SFC, 9/26/96, p.A12)
1996        Sep 25, In Afghanistan rebel forces moved into Kabul. A 100 fighters were killed on both sides.
    (SFC, 9/26/96, p.A10)
1996        Sep 25, In Columbia rebels attacked an oil pipeline in Arauca province and pumping of 220,000 barrels a day was suspended.
    (WSJ, 9/26/96, p.A1)
1996        Sep 25, Violence began in Jerusalem when Israelis opened a tunnel along the west wall of the old city in opposition to Palestinian sentiments. Seven Arabs were killed. Resulting riots left 69 Palestinians dead along with 16 Israelis.
    (SFC, 9/26/96, p.A10)(AP, 9/25/97)(Econ, 2/17/07, p.48)
1996        Sep 25, In the Netherlands a DC-3 aircraft went into the North Sea near Den Helder and killed all 32 people on board.
    (SFC, 9/26/96, p.A11)
1996        Sep 25, In Sri Lanka the military said it killed or wounded 500 Tamil rebels with a loss of 58 government troops and 115 wounded since Sunday when their offensive began near Kilinochchi.
    (SFC, 9/26/96, p.A11)
1996        Sep 25, Turkey said its troops killed 47 Kurdish rebels in the eastern provinces.
    (WSJ, 9/26/96, p.A1)

1997        Sep 25, The NBC prime-time drama "ER" did its season premiere live for the Eastern United States, then repeated the performance live for the West Coast.
    (AP, 9/25/98)
1997        Sep 25, President Clinton pulled open the door of Central High School in Little Rock, Ark., as he welcomed nine blacks who had faced hate-filled mobs 40 years earlier.
    (AP, 9/25/98)
1997        Sep 25, Sportscaster Marv Albert ended his trial in Arlington, Va., by pleading guilty to assault and battery charges; within hours, NBC fired him. The network later rehired him.
    (AP, 9/25/07)
1997        Sep 25, In the town of Scotia in Humboldt County, Ca., 7 protestors settled in the company office of Pacific Lumber. Sheriff’s deputies applied pepper spray directly to the eyes of the protestors using cotton swabs and Q-tips.
    (SFC,10/31/97, p.A15)
1997        Sep 25, In California it was reported that traces of toxaphene, banned in 1982, were found in at least one bird in a southern Tulare County canal where some 1600 western grebes and millions of fish were found dead.
    (SFC, 9/25/97, p.A13)
1997        Sep 25, The  space shuttle Atlantis was launched. Astronaut David Wolf scheduled to replace Michael Foale on the Mir space station.
    (www.cnn.com/TECH/9709/25/shuttle.mir/)(SFC, 9/27/97, p.A3)
1997        Sep 25, A British jet car, Thrust SSC, driven by Andy Green of the Royal Air Force set a land speed record of 714.144 mph. [see Oct 13]
    (SFC, 10/14/97, p.A1,7)
1997        Sep 25, From Brazil it was reported that local transsexuals could get a free sex-change operation under new rules that classified the surgery as experimental.
    (SFC, 9/25/97, p.A14)
1997        Sep 25, Iraq demanded that Turkey pull back some 15,000 troops who crossed its border in pursuit of Kurdistan Workers Party guerrillas.
    (WSJ, 9/26/97, p.A1)
1997        Sep 25, In Jordan Khaled Mashaal, the political leader of Hamas, was chemically attacked by two men with forged Canadian passports in Amman. Hamas accused the men of being Israeli Mossad agents. Jordan's King Hussein intervened, forcing Israel to send the antidote that saved the Hamas leader's life and release the group's jailed founder in exchange for the freedom of its captured agents.
    (SFC, 10/2/97, p.A10)(SFC, 10/3/97, p.B4)(SFC, 10/12/97, p.A17)(AP, 9/25/04)

1998        Sep 25, Mark McGwire hit his 66th home run, just 45 minutes after Sammy Sosa hit his 66th homer of the season.
    (AP, 9/25/99)
1998        Sep 25, Hillary Clinton spoke on behalf of Barbara Boxer at the SF Hilton. Pres. Clinton also visited SF and the Bay Area seeking political donations.
    (SFC, 9/26/98, p.A1)
1998        Sep 25, Douglas Groat, a former CIA covert operator, was sentenced to 5 years in prison after admitting that he attempted to extort $1 million from the agency with threats to disclose how the US intercepts foreign communications.
    (SFC, 9/26/98, p.A3)
1998        Sep 25, It was reported that the world economic conditions had impacted the price of the Beanie Babies, the stuffed critters that burst on the toy market in 1994. Beanie prices were down as much as 45%.
    (WSJ, 9/25/98, p.A1)
1998        Sep 25, Hurricane Georges raked the Florida Keys with sheets of rain and 105 mph winds, but spared Florida the kind of devastation seen across the Caribbean.
    (AP, 9/25/99)
1998        Sep 25, Frenchman Benoit Lecomte reached the Brittany coast after a 72-day swim across the Atlantic that began Jul 16 at Hyannis, Mass.
    (SFC, 9/26/98, p.A11)
1998        Sep 25, In Liberia the US transported Roosevelt Johnson out of the country to Sierra Leone.
    (SFC, 9/26/98, p.A12)
1998        Sep 25, In Malaysia Abdul Malek was arrested under the Internal Security Act (ISA), at the height of the "Reformasi" (Reforms) demonstrations following the sacking and arrest of deputy prime minister Anwar Ibrahim. In 2007 a Malaysian court awarded Malek 740,000 dollars for his wrongful arrest and assault in custody. It was the first time that a Malaysian court had awarded significant compensation for illegal detention and abuse.
    (AFP, 10/18/07)
1998        Sep 25, In Morocco a chartered Spanish airliner crashed and killed all 38 people onboard.
    (SFC, 9/26/98, p.A11)
1998        Sep 25, In Russia Alexander Shokhin quit as the new top economic official.
    (SFC, 9/26/98, p.A10)

1999        Sep 25, Vice President Al Gore and former Senator Bill Bradley squared off in back-to-back speeches to the Democratic National Committee as each sought support for his 2000 presidential campaign.
    (AP, 9/25/00)
1999        Sep 25, In Hawaii a sightseeing plane crashed on the Mauna Loa Volcano. All ten people onboard were killed.
    (SFC, 9/27/99, p.A3)
1999        Sep 25, G7 leaders issued a joint statement that said it was up to the Japanese to drive down the value of the yen which had been strengthening against the dollar and threatened Japanese economic recovery.
    (SFEC, 9/26/99, p.A14)
1999        Sep 25, In Afghanistan the Taliban bombed Taloqan and 16 people were killed. At least 40 Taliban soldiers and 8 opposition soldiers were killed in a battle for Dasht-e-Archi.
    (SFC, 9/27/99, p.A18)
1999        Sep 25, In Chechnya Russian warplanes knocked out local TV and mobile phones and forced thousands of civilians to flee Grozny. 7 people were reported killed and 24 wounded. An estimated 100,000 crowded the border crossing to Ingushetia.
    (SFEC, 9/26/99, p.A23)
1999        Sep 25, In East Timor 9 to 16 people were reported killed in rural areas while on a mission to aid refugees.
    (SFC, 9/28/99, p.A12)
1999        Sep 25, In India 2 government ministers were arrested in Bihar and 4 people were killed amid reports of large-scale election fraud during the 4th round of voting.
    (SFEC, 9/26/99, p.A26)
1999        Sep 25, In Indonesia student riots extended to Medan, on the island of Sumatra, after 6 people were killed in Jakarta.
    (SFEC, 9/26/99, p.A12)
1999        Sep 25, From Mexico it was reported that assaults on trucks had increased from 350 in 1993 to an estimated 40,000 a year.
    (SFC, 9/25/99, p.A12)
1999        Sep 25, In Taiwan powerful aftershocks continued after the government imposed an emergency decree to speed up relief operations.
    (SFEC, 9/26/99, p.A1)

2000        Sep 25, In NYC a US District court ordered Radovan Karadzic, a former Bosnian Serb leader, to pay $4.5 million in damages for 1992 war atrocities committed by his soldiers.
    (SFC, 9/26/00, p.A16)
2000        Sep 25, It was reported that synthetic versions of the natural enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase extended the lives of microscopic roundworms by as much as 50%.
    (SFC, 9/25/00, p.A6)
2000        Sep 25, In Sydney, Australia, Cathy Freeman became the first Aborigine to win an individual Olympic gold medal, capturing the women's 400 meters. Michael Johnson of the United States became the first man to successfully defend a 400-meter title.
    (AP, 9/20/01)
2000        Sep 25, In Cuba thousands of protestors joined Fidel Castro to protest US immigration policies.
    (SFC, 9/26/00, p.A14)
2000        Sep 25, In Greece a nationwide truckers’ strike caused fuel shortages.
    (SFC, 9/26/00, p.A14)
2000        Sep 25, In Cheju, South Korea, the North and South Korea defense ministers, Cho Sung Tae and Kim Il Chul, met and pledged to work for reconciliation.
    (SFC, 9/26/00, p.A11)
2000        Sep 25, In Nepal Maoist rebels killed 12 police officers in Dunai with crude bombs and guns.
    (SFC, 9/26/00, p.A14)
2000        Sep 25, In Serbia (Yugoslavia) Vojislav Kostunica declared victory over Pres. Milosevic.
    (SFC, 9/26/00, p.A1)
2000        Sep 25, In Thailand flooding left 47 people dead.
    (WSJ, 9/26/00, p.A1)

2001        Sep 25, Former Chicago Bulls player Michael Jordan, who'd left professional basketball after winning a half-dozen championship rings, announced he was returning to the game with the Washington Wizards.
    (SFC, 12/30/01, p.D5)(AP, 9/25/02)
2001        Sep 25, General Motors announced the 2002 model year would be the last for the Chevrolet Camaro and Pontiac Firebird.
    (AP, 9/25/02)
2001        Sep 25, The US campaign against terrorism was renamed “Operation Enduring Freedom.”
    (SFC, 9/26/01, p.A1)
2001        Sep 25, The FAA lifted a ban on crop-dusting flights.
    (SFC, 9/26/01, p.A9)
2001        Sep 25, The Red Cross began distributing $30,000 grants to families of the victims of the WTC and Pentagon. $200 million was received in donations.
    (SFC, 9/26/01, p.A5)
2001        Sep 25, Irving Bernstein, UCLA labor historian, died at age 84. His books included “The Lean Years: A History of the American Worker, 1920-1933” (1960), “The Turbulent Years: A History of the American Worker, 1933-1941” (1970), and “A Caring Society” (1985).
    (SFC, 10/8/01, p.A20)
2001        Sep 25, Naseer Ahmed Mujahed, Osama bin Laden’s military chief, faxed a statement to news agencies that said: “Wherever there are Americans and Jews, they will be targeted.”
    (SFC, 9/26/01, p.A7)
2001        Sep 25, A Chinese captain went down with his freighter in the Taiwan Strait as Typhoon Lekima lashed the area.
    (WSJ, 9/26/01, p.A1)
2001        Sep 25, Interpol issued a bulletin for the arrest of Ayman al-Zawahri (50), an Egyptian surgeon believed to be Osama bin Laden’s closest al Qaeda associate in Afghanistan.
    (SFC, 9/27/01, p.A8)
2001        Sep 25, Nato agreed to keep troops in Macedonia beyond the Sep 26 expiration of its mission.
    (WSJ, 9/26/01, p.A1)
2001        Sep 25, The Malaysia government accused Nik Adli Nik Abdul Aziz (34), an Islamic school teacher, for plotting to overthrow the government. His father served as the chief minister of Kelantan state. Nik Adli allegedly belonged to the Kumpulan Mujahideen Malaysia militant group.
    (WSJ, 9/26/01, p.A16)
2001        Sep 25, In Russia Pres. Putin issued a 72-hour ultimatum to Chechen rebels to show up for peace talks.
    (WSJ, 9/27/01, p.A1)
2001        Sep 25, Saudi Arabia withdrew diplomatic recognition of the Afghan Taliban government.
    (SFC, 9/26/01, p.A1)(AP, 9/25/02)
2001        Sep 25, Pope John Paul cut short a speech in Armenia due to symptoms of his Parkinson’s disease. His visit coincided with celebrations marking the 1,700th anniversary of Christianity as the state’s religion.
    (SFC, 9/26/01, p.C2)

2002        Sep 25, The annual Alaska oil dividend was announced to be $1,540.76.
    (SFC, 9/27/02, p.A7)
2002        Sep 25, US military C-130s and US troops landed in Ivory Coast to rescue Americans. American schoolchildren escaped a rebel-held Ivory Coast city that was under siege as US special forces and French troops moved in to rescue Westerners caught in the West African nation's bloody uprising.
    (AP, 9/25/02)(AP, 9/25/07)
2002        Sep 25, Tropical Storm Isidore drenched the Gulf Coast.
    (AP, 9/25/03)
2002        Sep 25, Explosives (pentrite) were discovered on a Moroccan jet after passengers left the flight at an airport in eastern France. There was no detonator attached to the 3 1/2 ounces of explosives discovered in the passenger section of a Royal Air Maroc airplane after it landed at the Metz-Nancy-Lorraine airport.
    (AP, 9/26/02)
2002        Sep 25, Indian forces killed five suspected Islamic militants trying to cross into Indian Kashmir from Pakistan as new tensions were stoked between the nuclear rivals over an attack on an Indian temple.
    (AP, 9/25/02)
2002        Sep 25, Italian Premier Silvio Berlusconi urged the United Nations to come up with a "new, strongly worded, unambiguous and exacting" resolution on Iraq that could authorize the use of force if Baghdad fails to comply with it.
    (AP, 9/26/02)
2002        Sep 25, In Pakistan the Islamic Martyrs Brigade (Lashkar Fedayan-e-Islami) held a secret meeting in Peshawar and announced planned suicide attacks against American troops in Afghanistan.
    (SFC, 9/27/02, p.A18)
2002        Sep 25, In Pakistan 2 gunmen burst into the offices of a Christian welfare organization in the city of Karachi and opened fire, killing six people, three of them Christians, and wounding two others.
    (Reuters, 9/25/02)(SFC, 9/26/02, p.A22)
2002        Sep 25-2002 Sep 26, Over 800 passengers and crew were believed to have perished when the Senegal’s crowded MS Joola, a state-run ferry, heaved to its side shortly before midnight in a storm off the coast of Gambia. There were only 62 known survivors. The toll was later raised to 1,863 dead. The ship had been pushed into service while still needing vital repairs.
    (WSJ, 9/30/02, p.A1)(AP, 2/3/03)(SFC, 3/24/06, p.A12)(Econ, 2/24/07, p.58)

2003        Sep 25, In Nashville, Tenn., 8 people died in a nursing home fire.
    (SFC, 9/27/03, p.A3)
2003        Sep 25, In a new French deck of cards Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld gets the honor as ace of spades. Pres. Bush is the king of diamonds and Osama bin Laden the joker. Thierry Meyssan, the man behind the French deck, headed the Voltaire Network, a left-wing association that put the cards on its Internet site.
    (AP, 9/25/03)
2003        Sep 25, Franco Modigliani (85), Nobel-winning economist, died in Cambridge, Mass.
    (AP, 9/25/04)(Econ, 10/4/03, p.74)
2003        Sep 25, George Plimpton (b.1927), writer and participatory journalist, died in NYC at age 76. He helped found the Paris Review in 1953. His books included "Paper Lion" (1966).
    (SFC, 9/27/03, p.A2)
2003        Sep 25, Edward Said (67), Palestinian American journalist, critic and author, died. His books included "Orientalism" and "Culture and Imperialism."
    (SSFC, 12/28/03, p.E9)(Econ, 10/4/03, p.84)
2003        Sep 25, In France INSERM, the National Institute of Health and Medical Research, determined that 14,802 people had died in August due to the heat wave.
    (AP, 9/25/03)
2003        Sep 25, A mortar blast tore through a market in Baqouba, Iraq, killing nine civilians and injuring more than a dozen others. Townspeople suspected American soldiers stationed nearby may have been the target. Aquila al-Hashimi (50), the first member of Iraq's American-picked Governing Council to be targeted for assassination, died, five days after she was shot in an ambush.
    (AP, 9/26/03)(AP, 9/25/03)(WSJ, 9/26/03, p.A1)
2003        Sep 25, Israeli troops killed 4 Islamic militants, including a senior fugitive, in gun battles in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. One soldier was killed and six were wounded in the fighting.
    (AP, 9/25/03)
2003        Sep 25, In northern Japan an 8.3 earthquake, the world's most powerful in 2 1/2 years, injured at least 589 people and knocked out power on Hokkaido.
    (http://neic.usgs.gov/neis/eq_depot/2003/eq_030925/)
2003        Sep 25, In Nigeria an Islamic appeals court overturned the conviction of Amina Lawal. She had been sentenced to death by stoning for committing adultery.
    (AP, 9/25/03)
2003        Sep 25, Yuri Senkevich (66), a documentary filmmaker and host of Russia's longest running TV show, died.
    (AP, 9/25/03)
2003        Sep 25, Sudan's government and main rebel group signed an agreement on security arrangements for a six-year political transition in efforts to end their 20-year civil war.
    (AP, 9/26/03)

2004        Sep 25, The Lasker Foundation awarded its prize for clinical research posthumously to Dr. Charles Kelman, who made cataract removal an outpatient procedure. The $50,000 award for basic research went to Dr. Pierre Chambon, Ronald Evans, and Elwood Jensen for opening up the field of studying proteins called nuclear hormone receptors.
    (SSFC, 9/26/04, p.A10)
2004        Sep 25, Marvin Davis (79), oil mogul and former owner of 20th Century Fox, died in Beverly Hills.
    (SSFC, 9/26/04, p.B7)
2004        Sep 25, Hurricane Jeanne lashed the Bahamas with violent winds and torrential rains, making a direct hit on Abaco island and threatening the country's second-largest city, Freeport. Late in the day Jeanne hit Florida.
    (AP, 9/25/04)(SSFC, 9/26/04, p.A1)
2004        Sep 25, Afghan security forces killed a senior Taliban commander and two of his comrades in southern Afghanistan. Maulvi Abdul Ghaffar, a former inmate at the US prison at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, died in the gunbattle. 
    (AP, 9/26/04)
2004        Sep 25, In southwest China a swollen river swept a bus off a bridge, and about 30 passengers were missing.
    (AP, 9/25/04)
2004        Sep 25, Ma Chengyuan (77), former president of the renowned Shanghai Museum, died. He saved priceless artifacts from marauding Red Guards during the Cultural Revolution.
    (AP, 10/10/04)
2004        Sep 25, US warplanes, tanks and artillery units struck the insurgent stronghold of Fallujah, killing at least 8 people and wounding 15. The US military announced the deaths of four Marines and a soldier. Five mortar shells struck the Iraqi Oil Ministry headquarters in Baghdad.
    (AP, 9/25/04)
2004        Sep 25, An Internet posting claimed that an al-Qaida-linked group has killed British hostage Kenneth Bigley.
    (AP, 9/25/04)
2004        Sep 25, An Israeli helicopter fired two missiles toward a crowd of Palestinians on the outskirts of a refugee camp, killing a 55-year-old man and wounding five people.
    (SFC, 9/25/04, p.A3)
2004        Sep 25, The Israeli army charged into a Palestinian refugee camp, killing one person and tearing down 35 homes.
    (AP, 9/25/04)
2004        Sep 25, A film about Iraqi children victims of war "Turtles can fly" directed by Iranian Bahman Ghobadi won the Concha de Oro (Golden Shell) at the prestigious San Sebastian film festival.
    (AFP, 9/25/04)
2004        Sep 25, Sudanese authorities accused an opposition party of plotting to kill more than three dozen senior government officials and blow up key sites in the capital.
    (AP, 9/25/04)

2005        Sep 25, Pres. Bush said Congress should consider giving the Defense Dept. the lead role in responding to natural disasters. Houston began a staggered re-entry plan following Hurricane Rita and commercial flights resumed to the area.
    (WSJ, 9/26/05, p.A1)
2005        Sep 25, In Washington DC a landmark agreement to forgive billions of dollars of debt for poor countries sailed toward final approval by finance ministers after the IMF agreed how to pay for it.
    (AP, 9/25/05)
2005        Sep 25, It was reported that US Senate leader Bill Frist sold HCA stock worth $12 million between January and June this year. The assets were allegedly in a blind trust, but Frist was kept informed of account activities by the trust administrators. The stock dropped following the sales when HCA warned it would not meet expectations.
    (SSFC, 9/25/05, A3)
2005        Sep 25, The 22nd annual Folsom Street Fair, a homage to leather fetishists, took place in SF and drew an estimated 300,000 people.
    (SFC, 9/26/05, p.B3)
2005        Sep 25, M. Scott Peck (b.1936), psychiatrist and author of “The Road Less Traveled” (1978), died at his home in Warren, Conn.
    (SFC, 9/28/05, p.B7)
2005        Sep 25, Don Adams (82), TV star born as Donald James Yarmy, died in LA. He played Maxwell Smart on the “Get Smart” TV show from 1965-1970 along with co-star Barbara Feldon.
    (SFC, 9/27/05, p.B5)
2005        Sep 25, A US Chinook helicopter crashed in remote mountains of southern Afghanistan, killing all five crew members on board.
    (AP, 9/25/05)
2005        Sep 25, In Australia 20 high-tech solar-powered cars from 10 countries set off on a 3,000 kilometer (1,860 mile) race across the vast outback in the 8th World Solar Challenge. The Nuna team of the Delft University of Technology from the Netherlands scored a hat-trick with their third victory in a row; their Nuna 3 won with a record average speed of 103 km/h.
    (AP, 9/25/05)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Solar_Challenge)
2005        Sep 25, In Britain Rochelle Holness (15) vanished after she let home to call her boyfriend from a telephone box. Her mutilated body was later found in five black plastic bin bags near a rubbish chute in Catford, south London. In 2006 John McGrady (48), a convicted rapist and former butcher, was sentenced to life in prison for the killing.
    (AFP, 5/16/06)
2005        Sep 25, The partially-clothed body of Sally Anne Bowman (18), whose was found lying in the driveway of her home in Croydon, south London. In 2008 a jury at London's Central Criminal Court found Mark Dixie (37) guilty of killing the aspiring model. A judge recommended he serve at least 34 years.
    (www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2008/feb/22/ukcrime3)
2005        Sep 25, China’s government said it is imposing new regulations to control content on its news Web sites, another step in its ongoing effort to police a rapidly expanding Internet population.
    (AP, 9/25/05)
2005        Sep 25, In Germany Porsche announced that it plans to take a stake of around 20% in VW in a move that would help shield Europe's biggest car maker from a hostile takeover.
    (AFP, 9/26/05)
2005        Sep 25, A group of pro-democracy lawmakers from Hong Kong crossed into mainland China for the first time since being barred for criticizing Beijing after the Tiananmen Square crackdown of 1989. They put their case for electoral reform directly to a Chinese communist leader for the first time, but complained that they were rebuffed.
    (Reuters, 9/25/05)(AFP, 9/25/05)
2005        Sep 25, A magnitude 5.6 undersea earthquake rocked eastern Indonesia, but there were no immediate reports of damages or casualties.
    (AP, 9/25/05)
2005        Sep 25, Iran rejected a resolution by the UN nuclear watchdog agency that put it one step away from Security Council referral, calling the move "illegal and illogical" and orchestrated by the United States.
    (AP, 9/25/05)
2005        Sep 25, A suicide car bomber struck an Interior Ministry convoy in Baghdad, killing seven police commandos and two civilians. Earlier, a bomb mounted on a bicycle blew apart a music store in Hillah, south of the capital, killing one. US forces in Sadr City killed at least eight Shiite gunmen and wounding five. In western Iraq a US soldier was killed when his vehicle rolled over during a patrol.
    (AP, 9/25/05)
2005        Sep 25, Iraqi and US authorities killed Abdullah Abu Azzam (Abdullah Najim Abdullah Mohamed Al-Jawari), the No. 2 official in the al-Qaida in Iraq organization, in a raid in Baghdad.
    (AP, 9/27/05)
2005        Sep 25, Israeli aircraft blasted suspected Palestinian weapons facilities in Gaza and authorities arrested hundreds of militants in the West Bank, launching an offensive against the Islamic group Hamas after it bombarded Israeli towns with rockets. Hamas announced it would no longer use Gaza Strip as a staging ground for attacks against Israel.
    (AP, 9/25/05)(SFC, 9/26/05, A4)
2005        Sep 25, Italy's government stripped Bank of Italy Governor Antonio Fazio of his authority to represent the country at a World Bank meeting.
    (AP, 9/25/05)
2005        Sep 25, A bomb rigged to the car of May Chidiac, a prominent journalist for an anti-Syrian television station, exploded severing her arm and leg in the latest in a string of targeted explosions in Lebanon.
    (AP, 9/25/05)
2005        Sep 25, A 7.0 earthquake hit northern Peru, near Moyobamba, causing power outages and cutting phone service throughout much of the region. 4 people were reported killed in Lamas.
    (AP, 9/26/05)(SFC, 9/26/05, A3)
2005        Sep 25, Polish voters cast their ballots in a parliamentary election expected to deal a crushing defeat to an ex-communist government plagued by scandal and high unemployment and lead to a coalition government between two conservative parties. Voters embraced two center-right parties that have promised tax cuts and clean government.
    (AP, 9/25/05)(AP, 9/26/05)
2005        Sep 25, Some 774 Rwandans convicted by community courts for their role in the 1994 genocide began excavating stones for road construction as punishment for their role in the killings of more than a half-million people in this small central African nation. The convicts were tried by the newly established community courts, known as Gacaca. At least 760,000 Rwandans were accused of committing crimes during the genocide.
    (AP, 9/25/05)
2005        Sep 25, Sudanese President Omar al-Beshir met with King Abdullah in the Saudi city of Jeddah to discuss cooperation between their countries and regional developments.
    (AP, 9/25/05)
2005        Sep 25, A majority of the Swiss electorate voted to allow citizens of the 10 new EU member states to work in Switzerland, according to the final results of a national referendum.
    (AP, 9/25/05)

2006        Sep 25, US air safety officials eased restrictions on liquids in carry-ons.
    (SFC, 9/26/06, p.A1)
2006        Sep 25, It was reported that the gap in between US debt payments and return from investments abroad had reached $2.5 billion in the 2nd quarter of 2006. This amounted to a quarterly debt payment of about $22 for each American household.
    (WSJ, 9/25/06, p.A1)
2006        Sep 25, A US federal judge granted class action status to tens of millions of "light cigarette" smokers for a potential $200 billion lawsuit against cigarette makers.
    (AP, 9/25/06)
2006        Sep 25, California Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger signed two bills to bar the state's massive pension funds from investing in companies in Sudan and to indemnify the University of California system from liability from divesting its investments in the country.
    (Reuters, 9/25/06)
2006        Sep 25, Murphy Oil agreed to pay $330 million to settle a class-action suit filed by victims of Hurricane Katrina whose homes and businesses were inundated when floodwaters carried nearly 1.1 million gallons of crude oil from a company storage tank.
    (WSJ, 9/26/06, p.A12)
2006        Sep 25, The Louisiana Superdome, a symbol of misery during Hurricane Katrina, reopened for a New Orleans Saints game. The Saints defeated the Atlanta Falcons, 23-3.
    (AP, 9/25/07)
2006        Sep 25, In Afghan 2 gunmen on a motorbike killed Safia Hama Jan, the provincial director of the Ministry of Women's Affairs, outside her home in apparent retribution for her efforts to help educate women. In Khost province a bomb killed 2 policemen and a coalition soldier was injured in a suicide attack. 2 men believed to be suicide attackers were killed when the car they were in blew up on a road often used by the US-led coalition and Afghan forces. In Paktika province six suspected rebels were killed when they were escorting a suicide bomber whose explosives detonated early.
    (AFP, 9/25/06)(AFP, 9/26/06)
2006        Sep 25, UCB, a Belgian drug firm, announced a takeover of Germany’s Schwarz Pharma for €4.4 billion.
    (Econ, 9/30/06, p.71)
2006        Sep 25, Deutsche Oper, a leading German opera house, canceled a 3-year-old production of Mozart's "Idomeneo" that included a scene showing the severed head of the Prophet Muhammad, unleashing a furious debate over free speech.
    (AP, 9/26/06)
2006        Sep 25, In Athens, Greece, a gang of robbers wielding machine guns stole an estimated $1.9 million from a casino's security van after ramming the vehicle with a stolen truck.
    (AP, 9/25/06)
2006        Sep 25, Security forces took over a Guatemalan prison controlled for more than 10 years by inmates who produced drugs, lived in spacious homes with luxury goods and even rented space for stores and restaurants. 7 prisoners died when 3,000 police and soldiers firing automatic weapons stormed the Pavon prison just after dawn.
    (Reuters, 9/25/06)
2006        Sep 25, Iraq's feuding ethnic and sectarian groups moved ahead with forming a committee to consider amending the constitution after their leaders agreed to delay any division of the country into autonomous states until 2008. In Basra British forces shot and killed Omar al-Farouq, a leading al-Qaida terrorist, more than a year after he embarrassed the US military by making an unprecedented escape from a maximum security military prison in Afghanistan in July, 2005. A US soldier died of wounds sustained from enemy fire in Mosul. A US Marine and soldier were killed in action in western Anbar province.
    (AP, 9/25/06)(AP, 9/26/06)(AP, 9/27/06)
2006        Sep 25, In Nigeria an inauguration ceremony in Lagos featured new bailiffs, a corps of 30 men and women, all graduates, in uniforms of black trousers, ash-colored shirts, yellow badges and cowboy hats and handcuffs on their belts. Former Lagos bailiffs had converted their role as enforcer of court judgments on property into an extortion racket.
    (AP, 9/26/06)
2006        Sep 25, Pakistan's President Pervez Musharraf’s memoir “In the Line of Fire,” was published. He noted that the CIA has paid Pakistan millions for catching al-Qaida fighters.
    (SFC, 9/23/06, p.A3)(SFC, 9/26/06, p.A3)
2006        Sep 25, Somalia's interim prime minister called on the UN to partially lift an arms embargo on his country to allow for the deployment of African peacekeepers, which he said are necessary to stop the advance of Islamic radicals. A government order banned human smuggling. Ethiopian troops arrived in Somalia to support the internationally recognized government in its faceoff with radicals. The Islamic militia in the seaport of Kismayo opened fire on thousands protesting the fundamentalists' takeover of the southern town. Witnesses said a teenager was killed.
    (AP, 9/25/06)(SFC, 9/26/06, p.A3)(AP, 10/8/06)
2006        Sep 25, The Sri Lankan navy said it had sunk 11 Tamil Tiger rebel ships loaded with troops and weapons during a five-hour sea battle, killing around 70 separatists.
    (AP, 9/25/06)
2006        Sep 25, A spokesman for the AU said the African Union will add 4,000 troops to its extended Darfur peacekeeping mission, bringing the number of police and soldiers in western Sudan to 11,000. The UN got its first pledges of troops for a proposed peacekeeping force in Sudan's Darfur region at a meeting of 49 potential contributing nations.
    (AP, 9/25/06)(Reuters, 9/25/06)
2006        Sep 25, The United States donated patrol boats and electronic equipment to help Tajikistan guard its borders and stem the flow of heroin from neighboring Afghanistan.
    (AP, 9/25/06)
2006        Sep 25, Pope Benedict XVI told over 20 Muslim diplomats that Christians and Muslims must work together to guard against intolerance and violence as he sought to soothe anger over his recent remarks about Islam.
    (AP, 9/25/06)(SFC, 9/26/06, p.A8)
2006        Sep 25, In Yemen 4 French tourists kidnapped Sep 10 were freed.
    (AP, 9/25/06)

2007        Sep 25, President George W. Bush announced new US sanctions against Myanmar's military rulers and urged other countries to follow suit amid Myanmar's biggest anti-government protests in 20 years.
    (AP, 9/25/07)
2007        Sep 25, In SF Mayor Gavin Newsom suspended Ed Jew from his seat on the Board of Supervisors and swore in Carmen Chu (29), a deputy director in his office of policy and finance, as interim supervisor.
    (SFC, 9/26/07, p.A1)
2007        Sep 25, Julian Revilleza (26), the accused mastermind of a grade-changing scandal at Diablo Valley College in Pleasant Hill, Ca., and Los Medanos College in Pittsburg, pleaded guilty to 15 felonies. As many as 400 grades were changed from 2000-2006. On Nov 26 Jeremy Tato (26) pleaded no contest to 8 felonies. On Nov 29 15 more people were charged in the scandal including Liberato Servo, identified as one of the scheme’s ringleaders. On Dec 14 the final set of charges were filed against 4 current or former students at Los Medanos.
    (SFC, 9/26/07, p.B2)(SFC, 11/27/07, p.B1)(SFC, 11/30/07, p.B2)(SFC, 12/15/07, p.B3)
2007        Sep 25, NRG Energy of Princeton, NJ, submitted permission to build 2 nuclear reactors in Texas.
    (SFC, 9/25/07, p.A3)
2007        Sep 25, In northern Plumas County, California, state Dept. of Fish and Game began poisoning Lake Davis to rid the reservoir of northern pike. A similar attempt in 1997 failed.
    (SFC, 9/26/07, p.A1)
2007        Sep 25, Warren Jeffs, the leader of a polygamous Mormon splinter group, was convicted in St. George, Utah, of being an accomplice to rape for performing a wedding between a 19-year-old man and a 14-year-old girl. Jeffs was later sentenced to two consecutive terms of five years to life in prison.
    (AP, 9/25/08)
2007        Sep 25, A large swath of coastal land was secured by The Trust for Public Land, paving the way for the biggest expansion of the US Virgin Islands National Park since it was created more than 50 years ago. The pristine property on St. John, known as Estate Maho Bay, will be transferred to the National Park Service when federal funds become available in 2-3 years.
    (AP, 9/26/07)
2007        Sep 25, In Afghanistan about 400 villagers blocked a major highway during a protest after two civilians, a father and son, were killed by international forces who were conducting a search operation in the Zhari district of Kandahar province.
    (AP, 9/26/07)
2007        Sep 25, The US unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) called MQ-9 Reaper began operating in Afghanistan. It engaged in combat with a successful strike for the first time on October 27.
    (www.defense-update.com/newscast/1107/news/081107_reaper.htm)
2007        Sep 25, The World Health Organization said 8 more cases of Ebola have been identified in Congo, raising to 17 the number of people confirmed to have contracted the deadly illness.
    (AP, 9/25/07)
2007        Sep 25, A jailed Egyptian militant committed suicide in his cell. Sayed Ragab Abdullah (45) had been jailed 15 days ago for alleged membership in an Islamic militant group.
    (AP, 9/25/07)
2007        Sep 25, Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, addressing the United Nations, announced "the nuclear issue of Iran is now closed," and indicated Tehran would disregard Security Council resolutions imposed by what he called "arrogant powers."
    (AP, 9/25/08)
2007        Sep 25, A suicide car bomber struck the police headquarters in Basra, killing at least 3 officers and wounding 20 people. In Baghdad at least 7 people were killed, six in a car bombing on a shopping street in an eastern neighborhood near a line of pensioners outside a bank. A US soldier was killed during a small-arms attack in an eastern neighborhood of Baghdad.
    (AP, 9/25/07)(AP, 9/26/07)
2007        Sep 25, Israel's largest bank said it was severing its last remaining ties with Palestinian banks in Gaza, following the Israeli government's declaration of the coastal strip as an "enemy entity."
    (AP, 9/25/07)
2007        Sep 25, Japan’s Parliament elected Yasuo Fukuda to be the prime minister, thrusting the moderate political insider into the job of taking on a resurgent opposition and rebuilding the scandal-scarred ruling party.
    (AP, 9/25/07)
2007        Sep 25, In Indian Kashmir 5 suspected Muslim militants and a policeman were killed in three gunbattles in Poonch, Kupwara and Kulgam districts.
    (AFP, 9/26/07)
2007        Sep 25, Soldiers, including an army division that took part in the brutal suppression of a 1988 uprising, converged on Yangon, Myanmar's largest city, after thousands of monks and sympathizers defied government orders to stay out of politics and protested once again. The Buddhist monks marched out for an eighth day of peaceful protest despite orders to the Buddhist clergy to halt all political activity and return to their monasteries. Military leaders imposed a nighttime curfew and banned gatherings of more than 5 people.
    (AP, 9/25/07)(WSJ, 9/26/07, p.A1)
2007        Sep 25, Nicaraguan President Daniel Ortega accused the US of imposing a worldwide dictatorship and defended the right of Iran and North Korea to pursue nuclear technology in a speech before the UN General Assembly meeting.
    (AP, 9/25/07)
2007        Sep 25, Pakistan’s the attorney general said President Gen. Pervez Musharraf will stay on as army chief if he is not re-elected president, as the Supreme Court prepared for a ruling that could decide the fate of his bid for another five-year term.
    (AP, 9/25/07)
2007        Sep 25, Haidar Abdel Shafi (88), medical doctor and founding member of the Palestine Liberation organization (PLO), died at his home in Gaza City. He had founded and directed the Gaza branch of the Red Crescent.
    (Econ, 10/6/07, p.101)(www.iht.com/articles/2007/09/26/africa/obits.php)
2007        Sep 25, Poland began publishing a list of public figures who either collaborated with or were spied on by its old secret police before 1989.
    (AP, 9/25/07)
2007        Sep 25, In South Africa a two-week strike by some 50,000 workers that had halted output at Volkswagen AG , DaimlerChrysler (DAIGn.DE) and other car makers ended.
    (Reuters, 9/26/07)
2007        Sep 25, Darfur rebel leader Khalil Ibrahim said he would carry on fighting during upcoming peace talks until a final settlement is reached to end the conflict in western Sudan.
    (AP, 9/25/07)
2007        Sep 25, UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon told global leaders the world faces "a daunting array of challenges" in the coming year, from combating global warming and fighting poverty to ending the conflict in Sudan's Darfur region and promoting Mideast peace. He spoke at the opening of the UN General Assembly's annual ministerial meeting.
    (AP, 9/25/07)
2007        Sep 25, The UN Security Council unanimously passed a French resolution endorsing sending a European Union-UN force to Chad and the Central African Republic to protect civilians reeling from a spillover of the Darfur conflict.
    (AP, 9/25/07)

2008        Sep 25, The Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. seized Seattle-based Washington Mutual Inc., and then sold the thrift's banking assets to JPMorgan Chase & Co. for $1.9 billion. WaMu, founded in 1889, became the largest bank to fail by far in the country's history. Its $307 billion in assets eclipse the $40 billion of Continental Illinois National Bank, which failed in 1984.
    (AP, 9/26/08)
2008        Sep 25, In Oakland, Ca., the dedication ceremony for the new Cathedral of Christ the Light took place at the northwest tip of Lake Merritt.
    (SFC, 9/26/08, p.B6)
2008        Sep 25, Dinwiddie Lampton Jr. (b.1914), former head of American Life and Accident Insurance Co. of Kentucky, died.
    (WSJ, 10/11/08, p.A9)
2008        Sep 25, In Afghanistan a bomb targeted a bus full of police trainers in Kandahar city, killing a civilian passerby. The bomb missed the bus. The bullet-riddled bodies of four police officers were found dumped in Ghazni province.
    (AP, 9/25/08)(AFP, 9/27/08)
2008        Sep 25, Britain unveiled its new biometric identity card which the government says will be vital in fighting illegal immigration and terrorism, while critics call it an expensive attack on civil liberties.
    (Reuters, 9/25/08)
2008        Sep 25, China successfully launched a three-man crew into space to carry out the country's first spacewalk, beginning the nation's most challenging space mission since it first sent a person into space in 2003. The Shenzhou VII spacecraft was launched on a Long March II-F rocket in western Inner Mongolia.
    (AP, 9/25/08)(Econ, 9/27/08, p.60)
2008        Sep 25, The Czech counterintelligence service said Russian spies operating in the Czech Republic have tried to increase public opposition to a planned US missile defense facility. Most Czechs oppose the base, according to recent polls. The Czech Republic's government has approved the missile defense treaty, but it still requires the approval of the Czech parliament, where it faces strong opposition.
    (AP, 9/25/08)
2008        Sep 25, The EU banned imports of baby food containing Chinese milk as tainted dairy products linked to the deaths of four babies turned up in candy and other Chinese-made goods that were quickly pulled from stores worldwide. More than a dozen countries have banned or recalled Chinese dairy products as melamine was found in milk products from 22 Chinese dairy companies.
    (AP, 9/25/08)(SFC, 9/25/08, p.A3)
2008        Sep 25, A joint statement said India's PM Singh met with Pakistan's Pres. Zardari at the UN in New York and they agreed to boost a faltering peace process between the nuclear-armed neighbors.
    (AP, 9/25/08)
2008        Sep 25, In India about 50 Christians armed with knives, sticks and stones hacked a Hindu man to death in the eastern state of Orissa in the latest outburst of sectarian violence that has left 27 people dead. In a 2nd incident about 500 Hindus attacked and burned about 50 Christian homes and two prayer halls in Beherasahi village.
    (AP, 9/26/08)
2008        Sep 25, Iraq's Health Ministry reported that a total of 327 cholera cases had been confirmed in central and southern Iraq since an outbreak of the disease last month. A roadside bomb killed an American soldier south of Baghdad.
    (AP, 9/25/08)(AP, 9/26/08)
2008        Sep 25, A pipe bomb exploded outside the home of a prominent Israeli scholar and outspoken critic of Jewish West Bank settlements, lightly wounding him in what police suspect was an attack by Jewish extremists.
    (AP, 9/25/08)
2008        Sep 25, Mexican federal prosecutors in Apatzingan, a drug stronghold in the western state of Michoacan, arrested three drug gang members accused of throwing grenades into crowds of Independence Day revelers. They belonged to a group of infamous Gulf Cartel hit men known as the Zetas.
    (AP, 9/27/08)
2008        Sep 25, In southeastern Mexico storms flooded hundreds of people out of their homes and caused the death of a woman and 4 children whose car plunged into a swollen irrigation ditch in Nanchital, Veracruz state.
    (AP, 9/26/08)
2008        Sep 25, Pirates seized the 530-foot, Ukrainian cargo vessel, MV Faina, with 21 people aboard off eastern Somalia. Russia's navy soon sent a warship to Somalia's coast a day after pirates seized the Ukrainian vessel loaded with 33 tanks, ammunition and 3 Russian crew members. The ITAR-Tass news agency said the military equipment had been sold to Kenya. It was later reported that the arms were destined for southern Sudan and that Kenya’s cooperation would be rewarded in the future with cheap oil. The shipped was released on Feb 5, 2009, following a ransom of $3.2 million. Viktor Pinchuk, A top Ukrainian businessman, paid the "lion's share" of the ransom.
    (AP, 9/26/08)(SFC, 9/27/08, p.A5)(Econ, 10/4/08, p.49)(AP, 2/5/09)(AP, 3/3/09)
2008        Sep 25, South Africa's parliament elected Kgalema Motlanthe, former trade unionist, freedom fighter deputy leader of the ruling ANC, as interim president of a country gripped by the worst political crisis since the end of apartheid. He was expected to step aside after elections next year, when Jacob Zuma was expected to become president. Motlanthe, within hours of taking office , won instant praise by announcing that Manto Tshabalala-Msimang would be removed as health minister and given a lesser post in his office. She had promoted nutritional supplements instead of conventional medicine for people with HIV.
    (AP, 9/25/08)(AP, 9/26/08)
2008        Sep 25, In Sri Lanka fighting in Kilinochchi left at least 24 Tamil Tiger soldiers dead, with two killed on the government side. Troops also killed nine rebels in separate attacks along the northern front of Vavuniya and Weli Oya.
    (AP, 9/26/08)
2008        Sep 25, Turkish warplanes bombarded Kurdish rebel territory in northern Iraq, damaging a school and wounding three people.
    (AP, 9/26/08)
2008        Sep 25, Typhoon Hagupit hit northern Vietnam. Floods triggered by the storm left at least 41 people dead and at least $65 million in damages.
    (AP, 9/27/08)(AP, 9/28/08)(AP, 9/29/08)
2008        Sep 25, Zimbabwe's central bank chief said nearly 600 shops had been licensed to sell goods in foreign currency to fight the world's highest inflation rate and critical shortages of basic goods.
    (AFP, 9/25/08)

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