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Solar Year= 365.2421896698 days.
(SFC, 11/29/03, p.D2)
Caitra is the 1st month of the Indian calendar and corresponds to March
in the Gregorian calendar. Phalguna is the last.
Gregorian Calendar: http://www.ortelius.de/kalender/greg_en.php
432BCE An
Athenian devised a 19-year "Metatonic cycle" to reconcile the lunar and
solar years.
(SFC, 11/29/03, p.D2)
47BCE Julius Caesar adopted a
modified form of the Egyptian Calendar. Together with Sosi-genes, an
astronomer from Alexandria, the new calendar spreads the last 5-6 days
of the Egyp-tian calendar amongst alternate months. March 1 began the
year as a carry over from the old Roman calendar.
(K.I.-365D, p.84)
46BCE Caesar's calendar went into
effect at the time of the first new moon after the winter sol-stice.
(K.I.-365D, p.86)(AM, 11/04, p.9)
45BCE Jan 1, The Julian calendar
took effect.
(MC, 1/1/02)
45 BCE Feb 29, The first Leap Day was recognized by
proclamation of Julius Caesar. Under the old Roman calendar the last
day of February was the last day of the year.
(HN, 2/29/00)
01BCE Mar 1, Start of the revised
Julian calendar in Rome.
(SC, 3/1/02)
552 Jul 10, Origin of Armenian
calendar.
(MC, 7/10/02)
622AD 24-Sep, In the Hegira
Muhammed left Mecca for Medina (aka Yathrib) with 75 followers. This
event marked the beginning of the Islamic lunar calendar. The new faith
was called "Is-lam," which means submission to Allah. Believers in
Islam are called Muslims-- "Those who submit to Allah's will." In
Medina Mohammad tried to unite the Jews and Arabs and initially faced
Jerusalem to pray. The Jewish leaders did not accept Mohammad as a
prophet and so Mohammad expelled from the city the Jews who opposed
him. From then on he commanded the Muslims to face the Kaaba in Mecca
when praying.
(V.D.-H.K.p.19)(ATC, p.60)
1576 The basilica of San Petronio
was erected by Egnatio Danti, a mathematician and Do-minican friar who
worked for Cosimo I dei Medici, the Grand Duke of Tuscany. The
structure in-cluded a solar observatory. Danti also advised Pope
Gregory on calendar reform.
(SFC, 10/25/99, p.A4)
1582 Feb 24, Pope Gregory XIII
issued a papal bull, or edict, outlining his calendar reforms. The old
Julian Calendar had an error rate of one day in every 128 years. This
was corrected in the Gregorian Calendar of Pope Gregory XIII, but
Protestant countries did not accept the change till 1700 and later.
[see 1552 and Oct 4, 1582]
(HFA, '96, p.22)(TL-MB, 1988, p.23)(HN,
6/7/98)(SFEC, 2/20/00, Par p.7)(AP, 2/24/02)
1582 Oct 4, The Church Council at
Trent, Italy, discussed the error of 10 days in the calendar as
referenced to the spring equinox which was used to establish the date
for Easter. Pope Gregory announced a correction, "The Gregorian
Adjustment," and had Oct. 4 followed by Oct. 15. The calendar is
accurate to a day in 3,323 years. [see 1552]
(K.I.-365D, p.97)(NG, March 1990, J. Boslough)(SFEC,
2/20/00, Par p.7)
1582 Oct 5, The Gregorian calendar
was introduced in Italy, other Catholic countries. Nothing happened.
This day was skipped and became Oct 15 to bring the calendar into sync
by order of the Council of Trent. In 1998 David Ewing Duncan published
"Calendar: Humanity’s Epic Strug-gle to Determine a True and Accurate
Year." In Bohemia the anti-Gregorian astronomer Mi-chael Mestlin
proclaimed that the pope was stealing 10 days from everyone’s life.
[see Sep 3, 1752]
(K.I.-365D, p.97)(NG, March 1990)(SFEC, 9/27/98, BR
p.5)(MC, 10/5/01)
1582 Oct 5-14, The days when
nothing happened.
(SFEC, 9/27/98, BR p.5)
1582 Oct 15, The Gregorian (or New
World) calendar was adopted in Italy, France, Luxem-bourg, Spain, and
Portugal; and the preceding ten days were lost to history. This day
followed Oct 4 to bring the calendar into sync. by order of the Council
of Trent. Oct 5-14 were dropped.
(K.I.-365D, p.97)(NG, March 1990, J. Boslough)(HN,
10/15/98)(SFEC, 10/3/99, Par p.27)
1582 Prolaptic Gregorian calendar:
This refers to years, months, etc. as if the Gregorian cal-endar had
been in use since the beginning of time; specifically before
1582.
1584 Jan 7, This was the last day
of the Julian calendar in Bohemia & Holy Roman empire. The 1582
Gregorian (or New World) calendar was adopted by this time in Belgium,
most of the German Roman Catholic states and the Netherlands.
(SFEC, 10/3/99, Par p.27)(MC, 1/7/02)
1752 Sep 3, The Gregorian
Adjustment to the calendar was put into effect in Great Britain and the
American colonies followed. At this point in time 11 days needed to be
accounted for and Sept. 2 was selected to be followed by Sept. 14.
People rioted thinking the government stole 11 days of their lives.
[see Oct 5, 1582]
(K.I.-365D, p.97)(SFEC, 9/27/98, BR p.5)(MC, 9/3/01)
1918 Jan 31, Russia joined the
rest of the world and adopted the Gregorian calendar. The next day
became February 14, 1918.
(www.ortelius.de/kalender/greg_en.php)
1920 Mar 4, Last day of Julian
civil calendar in Greece.
(SC, 3/4/02)
1929 Joseph Stalin reset the
Soviet calendar to give workers every 5th day off. Shifts were
staggered so that factories could run without interruption. The
staggered working week was abandoned after 3 years.
(Econ, 5/21/05, p.80)
1940 Jun 27, USSR returned to the
Gregorian calendar.
(SC, 6/27/02)
2000 Bonnie Blackburn and Leofranc
Holford-Stevens compiled "The Oxford Companion to the Year."
(SFEC, 2/20/00, Par p.7)
xxxx E.G. Richards authored
"Mapping Time: The Calendar and Its History."
(SFC, 11/29/03, p.D2)
Days of the Year
Jan 3, Grizzly bear cubs are born
around this date.
(SFEC, 4/20/97, Z1 p.5)
Jan 6, Traditional day of the
Epiphany, the day that the three kings, Melchior, Gaspar and Balthazar
brought to Jesus gifts of Gold, Incense and Myrhh.
(Cafe Clovis, SF, 1/4/98)
Jan 7, In 2000 some 200 million
Orthodox Christians observed Christmas according to the old Julian
calendar.
(SFC, 1/7/97, p.A9)(SFC, 1/8/00, p.C1)
Jan 11, National Thankyou Day in the US.
(HFA, '96, p.22)
Jan 17, St. Anthony’s day.
(Hem., 3/97, p.74)
Jan 20, St. Sebastian’s day.
(Hem., 3/97, p.74)
Jan 23, US National Handwriting Day in honor of John
Hancock and his signature on the US Declaration of Independence: "I'll
sign it in letters bold enough so the King of England can see it
without his spectacles on!"
(MC, 1/23/02)
February = Phalguna, the last month of the Indian calendar.
(SFC, 11/29/03, p.D2)
Feb 2, Candlemas day. Candles are
blessed in honor of the presentation of the baby Jesus in the Temple
and the purification of the Virgin Mary. The French of long ago
believed that pan-cakes eaten on this day prevented hemorrhoids.
(WUD, 1994, p.216)(SFC, 1/17/98, p.C5)
Feb 2, Groundhog Day [see 1887]
Feb 12, Clean out your computer day.
(HFA, '96, p.24)
March Caitra, the 1st month of
the Indian Calendar.
(SFC, 11/29/03, p.D2)
Mar 22, Easter is the Sunday after the Paschal full
moon, which may occur any time from Mar 21 through Apr 18. Thus the
date for Easter may be any time from March 22 to April 25 inclusive.
The date of the Paschal full moon is determined from tables and it may
differ from the date of the actual full moon by as much as 2 days.
(SFC, 12/27/04, p.C10)
Apr 5, Lava Lamp Day was
celebrated in 1965.
(MC, 4/5/02)
Apr 7, In 1795 the National
Convention of Revolutionary France put into effect a new calendar
system, similar to that of ancient Egypt. The year began with the
autumn equinox, and had 360 days divided into twelve months of thirty
days. Five extra days were placed at the end of the year. The months
were divided into three 10 day groups. The day was divided into 10 new
hours, each hour into 100 minutes, and each minute into 100 seconds.
(K.I.-365D, p.42)
May 17, National Day in Norway.
(Econ, 5/29/04, p.54)
May 29, Saint’s day of Theodosia, martyred in 729 in
Constantinople.
(Ot, 1993, p.1)
Jun 1, The Atlantic hurricane
season begins.
(HFA, '96, p.32)
Jun 24, St. John’s feast day.
(DrEE, 9/28/96, p.1)
Jun 14 This is Flag Day in the US.
Jul 25, The Greek Isle of Tilos
celebrates the feast of St. Pandeleimon.
(SSFC, 2/14/04, p.D6)
Aug 16
Aug 17
Aug 18
Aug 19
Aug 20
Aug 21
Aug 22
Aug 23
Aug 24
Aug 25
Aug 26
Aug 27 The birthday of Confucius.
(CFA, '96, p.52)
The first commercial oil well was
set up in 1859.
(HFA, '96, p.36)
Aug 28 The first oil well was drilled in 1859.
(CFA, '96, p.52)
The first radio commercial was in
1922.
(HFA, '96, p.36)
Aug 29 St. John the Baptist was killed c. 29AD.
(HFA, '96, p.36)
Aug 30 The first flight of the space shuttle
Discovery in 1984.
(HFA, '96, p.36)
Aug 31 William Saroyan was born in 1908.
(HFA, '96, p.36)
SEPTEMBER
Sept. 1 World War II began in 1939,
(CFA, '96, p.54)
The KAL flight 007 was downed in
1983 by Soviet fighters.
(HFA, '96, p.38) (TMC, 1994, p.1983)
Sept. 2 The Great Fire of London
occurs in 1666.
(CFA, '96, p.54)
Sept. 3 The Trans-Canada Highway
opens in 1962.
(CFA, '96, p.54)
Frederick Douglass, American
Negro abolitionist, escaped in 1838.
(HFA, '96, p.38) (AHD, 1971, p.394)
Sept. 4 Los Angeles was founded in
1781.
(HFA, '96, p.38)
Sept. 5 The birthday of Cardinal
Richelieu.
(CFA, '96, p.54)
The St. Gotthard tunnel in
Switzerland was opened in 1980.
(HFA, '96, p.38)
Sept. 6 The Baltic States gain
independence in 1991.
(HFA, '96, p.38)
Sept. 7 Brazil becomes an
independent nation in 1822.
(HFA, '96, p.38)
Sept. 8 The birthday of Peter
Stuyvesant.
(CFA, '96, p.54)
The siege of Malta was broken in
1565.
(HFA, '96, p.38)
Sept. 9 The Battle of Marathon occurred in 490BC.
(HFA, '96, p.38)
Sept. 10 The sewing machine was patented in 1846.
(CFA, '96, p.54)
Sept. 11 The birthday of O Henry.
(CFA, '96, p.54)
Sept. 13 Jesse Owens was born in 1913. He was
multi-gold medal winner at the 1936 Olympic games at Berlin.
(HFA, '96, p.38)(AHD, 1971, p.938)
Sept. 13 The Battle of Quebec was fought in 1759.
(CFA, '96, p.54)
British troops bombard Ft.
McHenry, and Francis Scott Key composes the Star Span-gled Banner in
1814.
New York City was made the
capital of the US in 1788.
(HFA, '96, p.38)
Sept. 14 Dante died in 1321.
(HFA, '96, p.38)
Sept. 15 Greenpeace was founded in 1971.
(HFA, '96, p.38)
Sept. 16 Lt. Gen. Lord Charles Cornwallis directs the
sinking of a fleet of ships at Yorktown to block a French landing and
keep them out of enemy hands in 1781.
(NG, 6/1988, p.806)
Sept. 16 Independence Day in Mexico.
(SFE, 9/16/96, p.A21)
Sept. 17 Union forces turn back the Confederate army
at Antietam in 1862.
(SFE Mag., 2/12/95, p. 30)
The US Constitution was approved
in 1787.
(HFA, '96, p.38)
Sept. 18 The US Air Force becomes a separate service.
(HFA, '96, p.38)
Sept. 19 An earthquake hit Mexico City in 1985.
(HFA, '96, p.38)
Sept. 20 The birthday of Alexander the Great.
(CFA, '96, p.54)
The Panic of 1873. A financial
panic hits the US when the high-flying bond dealer, Jay Cooke, grants
too many loans to the railroads.
(HFA, '96, p.38)(WSJ, 2/27/95, p.A-10)
Sept. 21
Sept. 22 The first all woman jury in the colonies was
in 1656.
(HFA, '96, p.38)
Sept. 23 The birthday of Caesar Augustus.
(CFA, '96, p.54)
Neptune was discovered in 1846.
(HFA, '96, p.38)
Sept. 24 F. Scott Fitzgerald was born in 1896. [see
1896-1940, Fitzgerald]
(HFA, '96, p.38)
Sept. 25 Balboa discovered the Pacific Ocean in 1513.
(HFA, '96, p.38)
Sept. 26 The birthday of George Gershwin.
(CFA, '96, p.54)
The release of the Beatles last
album, Let It Be, was in 1969. Beatles Forever has the date as May 1970.
(HFA, '96, p.38)(Beatles Forever, 1995, p. 58)
Sept. 27 The Warren Commission Report was released.
The Warren Commission announced that according to its findings Lee
Harvey Oswald acted alone as did Jack Ruby in the assassi-nation of
Pres. John F. Kennedy.
(WSJ, 5/17/95, p.A-18) (HFA, '96, p.38)
Sept. 28 California was discovered in 1542.
(HFA, '96, p.38)
Sept. 29 The first London "bobbies" appeared in 1829.
(HFA, '96, p.38)
Sept. 30 J.B. Aristide, elected President of Haiti,
was deposed by a military junta in 1991.
(HFA, '96, p.38)
OCTOBER
Fighting and mating season for
the southern elephant seals.
(NH, 5/96, p.70)
Oct. 1 The first "Model T" Ford
was build in 1908.
(CFA, '96, p.56)
The Allies took Naples in 1943.
(HFA, '96, p.40)
Oct. 3 18 US Rangers & Delta
Force specialists die in Somalia in 1993.
(WSJ, 10/23/95, p.A-18)
Gandhi was born in 1869.
(HFA, '96, p.40)
Oct. 4 The Russian White House was
shelled in 1993.
(HFA, '96, p.40)
Oct. 5 Native American Indian
Chief Joseph surrendered in 1877.
(HFA, '96, p.40)
Oct. 6 Egyptian and Syrian forces
attack Israel on Yom Kippur in 1973.
(TL-MB, p.21)
[Egyptian Pres.] Anwar
Sadat, was assassinated in 1981.
(HFA, '96, p.40)
Oct. 7
Oct. 8 The Great Chicago Fire
began in 1871.
(HFA, '96, p.40)
Oct. 9 Uganda became independent
in 1962
(HFA, '96, p.40)
Oct. 10 Giuseppi Verdi was born in
1813. [see 1813-1901, Verdi]
(HFA, '96, p.40)
Oct. 11 Columbus first saw the New
World in 1492. [some discrepancy here]
(HFA, '96, p.40)
Oct. 12 Columbus sited an island
in the Bahamas now called Guanahani in 1492.
(V.D.-H.K.p.176)
The Magellan spacecraft crashed
into Venus in 1994.
(TV, 10/17/95)
Oct 12, In Venezuela Pres. Chaves this day is
celebrated as Indigenous Resistance Day. Previ-ously the holiday was
called Día de la Raza, commemorating the arrival of Christopher
Colum-bus to the Americas.
(Econ, 1/17/09,
p.41)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Venezuela)
Oct. 13 The birthday of Margaret
Thatcher.
(CFA, '96, p.56)
Boston was photographed from the
air in 1860.
(HFA, '96, p.40)
Oct. 14 Dwight D. Eisenhower was
born in 1890. [see 1890-1969, Eisenhower]
(HFA, '96, p.40)
Oct. 15 The birthday of Virgil.
(CFA, '96, p.56)
Final tax deadline in the US
following extensions.
(WSJ)
Oct. 16 The birthday of Noah
Webster 1758-1843, American lexicographer.
(CFA, '96, p.56)(AHD, 1971, p.1452)
Tax deadline for written
acknowledgement of charitable gift of > $250.00
(WSJ)
Marie Antoinette was beheaded in
1793.
(HFA, '96, p.40)
Oct. 17 A strong earthquake hit
San Francisco in 1989.
(HFA, '96, p.40)
Oct. 18 The birthday of Pierre
Trudeau.
(CFA, '96, p.56)
The first German War Crimes Trial
began in 1945.
(HFA, '96, p.40)
Oct. 19 Cornwallis surrenders in
1781 and the American Revolution was won.
(NG, 6/1988, p.808)
Don Cherry, jazz trumpeter died
in 1995.
(WSJ, 10/23/95, p.A-1)
General Sheridan retook Cedar
Creek in 1864.
(HFA, '96, p.40)
Oct. 20
Oct. 22 The birthday of Sarah
Bernhardt.
(CFA, '96, p.56)
Oct 23 The death of St. John of
Capistrano. Also the scheduled departure date for the swallows of San
Juan Capistrano.
(HT, 3/97, p.63)
Oct. 24 At the San Francisco
Conference chaired by the State Department's Alger Hiss, the United
Nations was born in 1945. [See 1945 June 26, UN charter signed in SF]
(CFA, '96, p.56)(TMC, 1994, p.1945)
The United Nations organized a
cease fire for the Arab-Israeli War of 1973.
(TL-MB, p.21)
Black Thursday on Wall Street in
1929.
(HFA, '96, p.40)
Oct. 25 The birthday of Pablo
Picasso.
(CFA, '96, p.56)
The first female FBI agents in
1972.
(HFA, '96, p.40)
Oct. 26 The Erie Canal was opened
in 1825.
(HFA, '96, p.40)
Oct. 27
Oct. 28 The birthday of Jonas Salk.
(CFA, '96, p.56)
The first US female ambassador
was appointed in 1949.
(HFA, '96, p.40)
Oct. 29 Turkey became a Republic
in 1923.
(HFA, '96, p.40)
Oct. 30 War of the Worlds was
broadcast in 1938.
(HFA, '96, p.40)
Oct 31, Halloween is a festival of
Scottish-Irish origin held on All Hallows Eve, the night of Octo-ber
31, the eve of All Saints Day. Elements of the customs associated with
Halloween can be traced to a Druid ceremony of pre-Christian times. In
Britain and Ireland, the Celtic festival of Samhain, the god of the
dead, was held November 1, the beginning of the Celtic New Year. The
occasion was celebrated with a fire festival, when huge bonfires were
set on hilltops to frighten away evil spirits. This was the time to
placate the supernatural powers controlling the natural process. This
was also thought to be the time most favorable for divination
concerning marriage, luck, health and death. This was the only day the
devil’s help was invoked for such purposes.
When the Romans conquered Britain in the first century A.D., their fall
harvest festival, Poloma Day, mixed with the traditions of Samhain to
form a major fall festival at the end of October. After the spread of
Christianity through the west, the Roman Catholic Church in 835 A.D.
made Novem-ber 1 a church holiday to honor all the saints. This
celebration was called All Saint's Day or All Hallows and the day
before it--October 31--was called All Hallow's Eve. The Halloween
cele-brated today includes all these influences. In the 11th century
November 2 was specified as All Soul’s Day to honor the souls of the
dead, particularly those who had died the preceding year.
In Europe, during medieval times and later, elves, fairies and witches
(who occasionally took the shape of cats) were believed to fly on All
Hallows Eve, and bonfires were lit to ward off these spirits. Laughing
bands of guisers (young people disguised in grotesque masks) carved
lanterns from turnips and carried them through the villages. Halloween
was also a time for games and rituals involving methods of foretelling
the future. Through such methods as apple paring thrown over the
shoulder or nuts burned in the fire, young people tried to determine
their marital prospects.
Immigrants to the United States, particularly Irish, introduced secular
Halloween costumes which be-came popular in the 19th century. The Irish
belief that fairies and elves played pranks on Hal-loween led boys and
young men to carry out practical jokes, such as putting a buggy on a
roof, overturning sheds and outhouses and breaking windows. Property
damage was sometimes se-vere. In the 20th century, Halloween came to be
observed mainly by small children, who dress in costume and proceed
from house to house demanding "trick or treat," but a trick is rarely
played and--remember--a treat always given.
(Historynet, 10/31/98)(HNPD, 10/31/98)
NOVEMBER
Nov 1 All Hallows or All Saints
Day.
(HFA, '96, p.18,42)
Nov 2 Marie Antoinette was born in
1755. [see 1755-1793, M. Antoinete]
(CFA, '96, p.58)
The first radio station was set
up in 1920.
(CFA, '96, p.58)
All Souls Day, the birthday of
Daniel Boone, born 1734.
(HFA, '96, p.18,42)
South Dakota became the 40th US
state in 1889.
(HFA, '96, p.42)
Nov 3 There was a Revolution in
Panama in 1903.
(HFA, '96, p.42)
Nov 4 The birthday of Will Rogers,
born in 1879.
(HFA, '96, p.18)
Walter Cronkite’s (b.1916)
birthday. In 1981 he won the Presidential Medal of Freedom. He anchored
the evening news on CBS from 1961-1981.
(SFEC, 11/10/96, zone 1 p.3)
The US Embassy was taken over by
Iranian students in 1979.
(HFA, '96, p.42)
Nov 5 Guy Fawkes day. After
persuasion on the rack in the White Tower of London, confessed to
trying to blow up Parliament in the Gunpowder Plot of 1605
(NG, V184, No. 4, Oct. 1993, p. 54) (HFA, '96,
p.18)
Nov 6 The birthday of John Philip
Sousa.
(CFA, '96, p.58)
Tchaikovsky died in 1893.
(HFA, '96, p.18)
The Tammany Hall officials lost
in 1894. [see 1894, Nov 6, Tammany Hall]
(HFA, '96, p.42)
Nov 7 Lewis and Clark reached the
Pacific Ocean in 1805.
(HFA, '96, p.42)
The birthday of Madame Curie in
1867.
(CFA, '96, p.58)(AHD, p.323)
The Canadian Pacific Railroad
reaches the Pacific Ocean in 1885.
(CFA, '96, p.58)
The Russian Revolution of 1917.
(CFA, '96, p.58)
Japan attacks Pearl Harbor in
1941.
(CFA, '96, p.60)
Nov 8 Montana became the 41st
state in 1889.
(HFA, '96, p.18)
Roentgen discovers X-rays in 1895.
(HFA, '96, p.18)
Nov 9 Kristallnacht in Germany in
1938.
(HFA, '96, p.18)
A major power failure hits the
East Coast of the US in 1965.
(HFA, '96, p.42)
Nov 10 Stanley found Livingston in
1871.
(HFA, '96, p.42)
The US Marine Corps was
established in 1775.
(HFA, '96, p.18)
Nov 11 Armistice was signed in
1918 [end of World War I]. The Germans gave up and World War I ended.
Timed for the 11th hr. of the 11th day of the 11th month.
(V.D.-H.K.p.268,291)(CFA, '96, p.58)(SFC, 11/9/96,
p.A16)
Veteran's Day.
(HFA, '96, p.18)
Washington became the 42nd state
in 1889.
(HFA, '96, p.18)
Nov 12 The birthday of Sun
Yat-Sen, born (trad) in 1866.
(HFA, '96, p.18)
Princess Grace was born in 1929.
[Grace Kelly, movie star]
(HFA, '96, p. 42)
The San Francisco Bay Bridge
opened in 1936. It cost $78 million and was the longest bridge ever
attempted.
(SFC, 11/11/96, p.A13)
Nov 13 Robert Louis Stevenson (1850-1894),
author of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, "Treasure Is-land" and many other
books was born in Edinburgh, Scotland. "Robert Louis Stevenson:
Inter-views and Recollections" was ed. by R.C. Terry and published in
1996.
(Smith., 8/95, p.54)(SFC, 9/1/96, Par. p.12)
Nov 13 The first US
African-American mayor was elected. Carl Stokes became the first black
US mayor of a major US city.
(HFA, '96, p. 42) (TMC, 1994, p.1967)
Nov 13 In 1995 a US facility in
Saudi Arabia was bombed. The explosion shattered the Saudi National
Guard training center, and killed 5 Americans and 2 Indians. Four Saudi
citizens were beheaded on May 31, 1996 for the bombing.
(SFC, 6/1/96, p.A12)
Nov 14 The first blood transfusion
was performed in 1666.
(HFA, '96, p.42)
Mamie Doud Eisenhower (b.Nov 14,
1896-1979), wife of former Pres. “Ike” Eisenhower.
(SFEC, 11/17/96, p.C14)
The birthday of Prince Charles.
(CFA, '96, p.58)
The Dow Jones first tops 1000 in
1972.
(HFA, '96, p.18)
The birthday of Robert Fulton.
(CFA, '96, p.58)
Nov 15 Georgia O'Keefe was born on
this day in 1887 and died in 1986.
(HFA, '96, p.42) (SFC, 5/12/96, p.T-7)
Brazil became a republic in 1889.
(HFA, '96, p.18)
Nov 16 Skylab IV was launched in
1973.
(HFA, '96, p.18)
Oklahoma became the 46th US state
in 1907.
(HFA, '96, p.42)
Nov 17 The Suez Canal was opened
in 1869.
(CFA, '96, p.58)
Nov 18 The US established
universal time zones in 1883.
(HFA, '96, p.18)
The Battle of Vertieres was in
1803.
(HFA, '96, p.42)
Nov 19 The birthday of James A.
Garfield (1831-1881), the 20th Pres. of the US. He was as-sassinated in
July by Charles J. Guiteau, who wished to be appointed consul to France.
(CFA, '96, p.58)(WUD, 1994, p.584)(A&IP, ESM,
p.96b, photo,110)
Nov 20 Elizabeth II married
Phillip in 1947.
(HFA, '96, p.42)
Nov 21 The Alaska-Canadian Highway
was opened in 1942.
(HFA, '96, p.42)
Nov 22 Jack London, writer, died
of a kidney disease in 1916. He had written 50 books that in-cluded
“Call of the Wild” and “White Fang.”
(SFC, 11/20/96, p.A17)
Trans-Pacific mail service was
established in 1935.
(HFA, '96, p.18)
The assassination of John F.
Kennedy was in 1963.
(PBS radio)
Nov 23 Billy the Kid was born in
1859. William H. Bonney, US outlaw, 1859-1881. A ballet titled Billy
the Kid by Aaron Copland was written in 1938.
(HFA, '96, p.42)(WUD, 1994, p.148)
Nov 24 The US left the Philippines
in 1992.
(HFA, '96, p.18)
Louis Malle, French film
director, died of Lymphoma in 1995.
(WSJ, 11/27/95, p.A-1)
"The Battle Above the Clouds"
began in 1863.
(HFA, '96, p.42)
Nov 25 The birthday of Andrew
Carnegie.
(CFA, '96, p.58)
The 55 mph speed limit was
imposed in 1973.
(HFA, '96, p.42)
Nov 26 The first Thanksgiving Day
was in 1789.
(HFA, '96, p.42)
Nov 27 Chaim Weizmann was born in
1874. He was an Israeli chemist and Zionist leader and the first
president of Israel from 1948-1952.
(HFA, '96, p.42)(WUD, 1994, p.1619)
Nov 28 William Blake, English
artist-printer, was born in London in 1757.
(LS MAG, Spring 1995, p.17)
Nov 29 The Czechs end Communist
rule in 1989.
(HFA, '96, p.18)
Admiral Byrd flew over the South
Pole in 1929. He had flown over the north pole on 1926 with Floyd
Bennett.
(HFA, '96, p.42)
Nov 30 The birthday of Winston
Churchill. (CFA, '96, p.58)
Mark Twain was born in 1835.
(HFA, '96, p.18)
DECEMBER
Dec. 1 The National Day of Romania.
(WSJ, 11/6/95, p.B-8F)
Iceland became independent in
1918.
(HFA, '96, p.20)
Rosa Parks was arrested in 1955.
(HFA, '96, p.44)
The United Arab Emirates was
formed in 1971.
(HFA, '96, p.20)
Dec. 2 John Brown was hanged in
1859.
(HFA, '96, p.44)
Dec. 3 Illinois became the 21st
state of the US in 1818.
(HFA, '96, p.20)
Robert Louis Stevenson died on
this day in 1894.
(Smith., 8/95, p.53)
The Bhopal poison gas disaster
was in 1984.
(HFA, '96, p.44)
Dec. 4 Thomas Carlyle, English
essayist and historian, was born in 1795.
(HFA, '96, p.20)(AHD, p.204)
The National Grange was founded
in 1867. It was a US lodge for promoting the inter-ests of agriculture.
(HFA, '96, p.44)(WUD, 1994, p.615)
Dec. 5 The birthday of Walt Disney.
(CFA, '96, p.60)
Columbus discovered Haiti in 1492.
(HFA, '96, p.20)
The US Montgomery Bus Boycott
began in 1955.
(HFA, '96, p.44)
Dec. 6 The Halifax Disaster
occurred in 1917.
(CFA, '96, p.60)
Quito, Ecuador, was founded in
1534.
(HFA, '96, p.20)
St. Nicholas day in Turkey.
(WSJ, 8/31/98, p.B1)
Dec. 7 Pearl Harbor was bombed in
1941.
(HFA, '96, p.44)
Dec. 8 The birthday of Eli Whitney
[inventor of the cotton gin, see 1765-1825].
(CFA, '96, p.60)
The birthday of Mario Savio
(1943-1996), founder of the Berkeley Free Speech Move-ment in 1964.
(SFC, 11/7/96, p.A15)
Dec. 9 The Convention on Genocide
was in 1948.
(HFA, '96, p.44)
Dec. 10 Missouri became the 20th state of the US in
1817.
(HFA, '96, p.44)
Dec. 11 The first airplane flight occurs in 1903.
(CFA, '96, p.60)
Roald Amundson, Norwegian
explorer, reaches the South Pole in 1911.
(HFA, '96, p.20)(AHD, p.45)
Edward VIII abdicated from his
British Kingship in 1936.
(HFA, '96, p.44)(WUD, 1994, p. 454)
Dec. 13 The birthday of Heinrich Heine, German poet,
born in 1797.
(HFA, '96, p.20)
Kenya became a republic in 1963.
(HFA, '96, p.44)
Dec. 14 George Washington died in 1799. [see
1732-1799, Washington]
(HFA, '96, p.44)
Ice hockey originated in 1855.
(CFA, '96, p.60)
Dec. 15 The Dictatorship in Chile ends in 1989.
(HFA, '96, p.20)
The US Bill of Rights took effect
in 1791.
(HFA, '96, p.44)
Dec. 16 The birthday of Ludwig von Beethoven in 1770.
[see 1770-1827]
(CFA, '96, p.60)
The Boston Tea Party was held in
1773.
(HFA, '96, p.44)
The Battle of Nashville [US Civil
War] in 1864.
(HFA, '96, p.20)
Dec. 17 The Aztec calendar was discovered in 1790.
(HFA, '96, p.44)
Simon Bolivar died in 1830.
(HFA, '96, p.20)
Dec. 18 Antonio Stradivari, the great violin maker
died in 1737. [see 1737]
(HFA, '96, p.20)
Slavery was abolished in the US
in 1865 with the 13th Amendment.
(HFA, '96, p.44)(V.D.-H.K.p.276)
Dec. 19 4,000 Indians are killed at Wakefield, Rhode
Island in 1675.
(Postcard, Wakefield Chamber of Commerce)
Thomas Paine's The Crises was
printed in 1776.
(HFA, '96, p.44)
The US invaded Panama in 1989.
(HFA, '96, p.20)
Dec. 20 In an official ceremony the French turn
Louisiana over to the US in 1803.
(CO, Grolier's, 11/10/95)
Settlers set sail for Jamestown
in 1606.
(HFA, '96, p.44)
Dec. 21 The birthday of Joseph Stalin in 1879. [see
1879-1953]
(CFA, '96, p.60)(AHD, p.1255)
The Pan-American Flight # 103
explosion in 1988..
(HFA, '96, p.20)
The Mayflower reached Plymouth in
1620.
(HFA, '96, p.44)
Dec. 22 The first commander of the US Navy was named
in 1775.
(HFA, '96, p.44)
The first gorilla born in
captivity in 1956.
(HFA, '96, p.20)
Dec. 23 The Federal Reserve Act of 1913 was
passed.
(HFA, '96, p.44)
Hideki Tojo was hanged in 1948.
He was the Prime Minister and dictator of Japan in World War II.
(HFA, '96, p.20)(AHD, p.1351)
Dec. 24 The birthday of Ignatius Loyola. [see
1491-1556, Loyola]
(CFA, '96, p.60)
Gruber wrote Silent Night in 1818.
(HFA, '96, p.44)
Dec 25, Christmas is the festival celebrating the
birth of Christ and is observed in most countries on December 25.
Christmas is sometimes called Yule (from the Anglo-Saxon) or Noel (from
the French). Christian churches throughout the world hold special
services on Christmas Day to give thanks for the birth of Christ. In
addition to religious observances, Christmas is a time of merrymaking
and feasting. North American customs are a combination of those of the
various European countries from which the original settlers came. On
Christmas Eve children hang stockings for Santa Claus to fill with
gifts. The Christmas tree, usually an evergreen, was first used in
Germany. Topped with a star or spire and decorated with colored lights
and shiny or-naments, the tree plays an important part in the
celebration. Mistletoe was sacred to the Druids, priests of ancient
Britain and Gaul. The Norse used holly and the Yule log to keep away
evil spirits. Gifts were exchanged during the Roman celebration of the
Saturnalia, a feast to the god Saturn. Gift-giving came to symbolize
the gifts brought to the Christ Child by the Magi. The most popular
Christmas legend however, is that of Santa Claus, whose name came from
Saint Nicholas, the patron saint of children. Many of the qualities
that Santa Claus is known for came from Clement C. Moore's poem "A
Visit From St. Nicholas."
(HN, 12/25/99)
Dec. 25 Samuel Champlain died in 1635.
(CFA, '96, p.60)
Isaac Newton was born in 1642.
[see 1642-1727, Newton]
(HFA, '96, p.44)
Romanian dictator Ceausescu was
executed in 1989.
(HFA, '96, p.20)
Dean Martin, singer, comedian,
actor, died in 1995. He was 78.
(WSJ, 12/26/95, p. A-1)
Dec. 26 National Whiner's Day.
(HFA, '96, p.20)
Mao Tse Tung was born in 1893.
[see 1893-1976, Mao]
(HFA, '96, p.44)
Dec. 27 The birthday of Johannes Kepler. [see
1571-1630]
(HFA, '96, p.20)
The birthday of Louis Pasteur.
[see 1822-1895, Pasteur]
(CFA, '96, p.60)
Radio City Music Hall was opened
in 1932.
(HFA, '96, p.44)
Dec. 28 The first Poor Richard's Almanac was
published in 1732.
(HFA, '96, p.20)
80,000 people died in the
Messina, Sicily, earthquake of 1908.
(HFA, '96, p.44)(WUD, 1994, p.899)
Dec 29, St. Thomas of Canterbury was killed in 1170.
(HFA, '96, p.20)
The birthday of William Gladstone
(1809-1898), British statesman and four times Prime Minister from
1868-1894.
(CFA, '96, p.60)(AHD, p.559)
The Massacre at Wounded Knee was
in 1890. [The Sioux Chief, Sitting Bull, was killed in a fight with US
troops on Dec. 15, 1890 according to the WUD.]
(HFA, '96, p.44)
Dec 30 Simon Guggenheim was born
in 1867. [see Daniel G. 1856-1930]
(HFA, '96, p.20)
The USS Monitor was sunk in 1862.
(HFA, '96, p.44)
Dec 31 Stalin’s 70th birthday in
1949 was the occasion for a world-wide Communist celebration. Several
Stalin “Peace prizes” were announced as part of the Soviet “peace
offensive” of the cold war.
(EWH, 1968, p.1197)
Dec 31 The Nation of Czechoslovakia officially ended
with division into two Nations: Slovakia and the Czech Republic in 1992.
(HFA, '96, p.44)
JEWISH CALENDAR
The Jewish calendar is lunisolar and used to
determine religious holidays. It is reckoned from 3761BC and was
established by Hillel II in the 4th century AD.
(WUD, 1994, p. 767)
Tishri = the 1st month. The
beginning of the civil year.
Heshvan
Kislev
Tebet
Shebat
Adar
Nisan = The 7th month. the
beginning of the ecclesiastical year.
Iyar
Sivan
Tammuz = The 10th month corresponding to part of June
and July.
(HFA, '96, p.32)
Ab
Elul
Veadar = A 29 day intercalary month added 7 times in
every 19-year cycle in order to adjust the calen-dar to the solar
cycle. The ecclesiastical year begins with Nisan and the civil year
with Tishri.
Mayan Calendar:
Each of the 20 named days in the Maya calendar was essentially
deified.
End of file