Timeline Cars

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1730        Jul 21, States of Holland put a death penalty on "sodomy."
    (MC, 7/21/02)

1805        Louisiana passed legislation against sodomy. The law was upheld in 2002.
    (SFC, 11/23/02, p.A5)

1810        May 21, Charles Chevalier d'Eon de Beaumont (81), French spy, cross dresser, died.
    (MC, 5/21/02)

1825        Karl Heinrich (d.1895), later considered as the 1st gay activist, was born. In 2002 Roberto Massari, Italian publisher, dedicated a new wine, Rosso Gayardo, to him.
    (SFC, 1/30/03, p.D6)

1850        California passed anti-sodomy legislation in its “crime against nature” law.
    (SSFC, 5/11/08, Books p.4)

1861        British colonial rulers framed an anti-homosexuality law for India.
    (Reuters, 7/7/06)

1894        French poet Pierre Louys (1870-1925) authored “The Songs of Bilitis” (1894) a book of lesbian love poetry.
    (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Songs_of_Bilitis)

1904        Aug 10, Dutch newspaper Volk fired gay journalist Jacob de Cock.
    (MC, 8/10/02)

1906        The 1st gay periodical "Der Eigene" was published.
    (SSFC, 6/17/01, DB p.66)

1908        San Francisco's 1st drag bar opened.
    (SFC, 11/21/03, p.A1)

1909        Jan 15, In San Francisco police arrested Miss Frances Smith, attired in a jaunty sailor costume, and Miss May Burke as they strolled down Montgomery street. Smith was charged with masquerading in male attire and Burke was charged with vagrancy.
    (SSFC, 1/10/10, DB p.42)

1909        California legalized the sterilization of convicted sodomites.
    (SSFC, 5/11/08, Books p.4)

1915        California expanded the definition of sodomy to include fellatio and cunnilingus.
    (SSFC, 5/11/08, Books p.4)

1926        May 30, Christine Jorgensen, pioneer transsexual, was born.
    (MC, 5/30/02)

1928        Radclyffe Hall (b.1880-1943) published "The Well of Loneliness," a novel intended as a cry about the plight of "congenital inverts," her term for lesbians. A Bow Street magistrate declared the novel to be obscene. It caused a big stir in England and a trial for obscenity. In 1999 Diana Souhami published "The Trials of Radclyffe Hall."
    (SFEC, 8/8/99, BR p.1)(SFC, 7/14/06, p.A2)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radclyffe_Hall)

1933        Charles Henri Ford (d.2002 at 94) authored "The Young and Evil," considered by some to be the 1st gay novel. It was based on Ford’s adventures in Greenwich Village and was banned in the US until the 1960s.
    (SFC, 10/1/02, p.A18)

1940        Jul 31, Reich's Kommissar Seyss-Inquart banned homosexuals.
    (MC, 7/31/02)

1943        Radclyffe Hall (b.1880), English author of the lesbian classic "The Well of Loneliness" (1928), died. The book was the subject of an obscenity trial in Britain which resulted in all copies being ordered destroyed.
    (AP, 9/29/09)

1950        The Mattachine Society, the first openly gay organization in the US, was founded in Los Angeles. Henry Hay (d.2002 at 90) was one of the original founders and won the 1999 vote to serve as grand marshal for the SF Pride Parade. In 1990 Stuart Timmons authored the biography "The Trouble with Harry Hay."
    (SFEC, 6/13/99, DB p.35)(SFC, 10/25/02, p.A21)

1953        Apr 27, President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed Executive Order 10450: Security Requirements for Government Employment. The order listed "sexual perversion" as a condition for firing a federal employee and for denying employment to potential applicants. Homosexuality, moral perversion, and communism were categorized as national security threats; the issue of homosexual federal workers had become a dire federal personnel policy concern.
    (http://tinyurl.com/3bblwc)

1954        Jun 7, Alan Turing (b.1912), English mathematician, died of suicide. Turing, a homosexual, was convicted in 1952 of gross indecency and forced to take estrogen injections. In 2006 David Leavitt authored ”The Man Who Knew Too Much: Alan Turing and the Invention of the Computer. In 2009 British PM Gordon Brown apologized for the "inhumane" treatment of Alan Turing.
    (www.turing.org.uk/turing/)Econ, 7/8/06, p.79)(AP, 9/11/09)

1955        Oct, Del Martin (1921-2008), Phyllis Lyon and 6 other SF women founded the Daughters of Bilitis, the 1st national lesbian organization. It was named after “The Songs of Bilitis” (1894) a book of lesbian love poetry by French poet Pierre Louys.
    (SFC, 6/23/00, p.A26)(SFC, 8/28/08, p.A1)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daughters_of_Bilitis)

1965        Jose Sarria became the 1st openly gay person to run for public office in the US. He received 5,600 votes in his run for SF supervisor.
    (SFC, 2/21/05, p.B5)
1965        Jose Sarria founded The San Francisco Imperial Court, the oldest SF gay organization. He proclaimed himself Empress Jose I, widow of Emperor Joshua Norton (d.1880).
    (SFEM,10/19/97, DB p.32)

1965        Dr. Judd Marmor (d.2003 at 93) authored "Sexual Inversion." It questioned the prevailing views on homosexuality.
    (SFC, 12/18/03, p.A25)

1968        Apr 14, The gay-themed play, "The Boys in the Band" by Mart Crowley, opened off Broadway at Theater Four and set a new genre. A film version was released in 1970.
    (AP, 4/14/08)(WSJ, 8/28/96, p.A10)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Boys_in_the_Band)

1968        Quentin Crisp (1908-1999), English gay writer born as Denis Pratt, authored his autobiography: "The Naked Civil Servant." In 1975 The Naked Civil Servant was broadcast on British and American television and made both actor John Hurt and Crisp himself into stars.
    (SFC, 11/22/99, p.C4)(WSJ, 7/14/00, p.W11)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quentin_Crisp)

1969        Jun 28, In the early hours 8 police officers raided the Stonewall Inn, a gay bar in New York City's Greenwich Village. Police raided the bar because it had refused to pay an increase in bribery. This led to a clash in what came to be called The Stonewall Rebellion, an incident considered the birth of the homosexual rights movement. Some 400 to 1,000 patrons rioted against police for 3 days The event was described by gay historian Martin Duberman in his book “Stonewall” (1993).
    (SFEC, 7/21/96, DB p.32)(AP, 6/27/97)(AP, 6/27/08)(SFC, 6/22/09, p.E1)(SFC, 6/26/09, p.F3)

1971        Mar 10, In France a group of homosexuals of both sexes disrupted a live general public radio show, devoted to “Homosexuality, that painful problem,” and put the newly-born gay movement on the French political map.
    (http://tinyurl.com/5hafjv)

1971        The Bay Area Reporter (B.A.R.), a gay community publication, was begun by Bob Ross (d.2003 at 69) and Paul Bentley.
    (SFC, 12/12/03, p.A29)

1972        Apr 24, Natalie Clifford Barney (b.1876), lesbian writer and US expatriate, died in Paris. In 2002 Suzanne Rodriguez authored "Wild Heart, A Life: Natalie Clifford Barney’s Journey From Victorian America to the Literary Salons of Paris."
    (SSFC, 10/27/02, p.M6)(www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=7157)

1972        The film "Elevator Girls in Bondage" was written and directed by Michael Kalmen (d.2003) and featured the SF drag troupe the Cockettes.
    (SFC, 7/15/03, p.A18)

1972        Walter C. Righter, an Episcopal Bishop, broke a tie and voted in favor of ordaining women in the Episcopal Church. In 1998 he published "A Pilgrim’s Way: The Personal Story of the Episcopal Bishop Charged with Heresy for Ordaining a Gay Man Who Was in a Committed Relationship."
    (SFEC, 6/28/98, BR p.9)(http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1282/is_n9_v50/ai_n27531797)

1972-1974    Some 20,000 gay people moved to San Francisco during this period.
    (SFC, 11/21/03, p.A1)

1973        Mar 26, Noel Coward (b.1899), English gay playwright, died. He was called "The Master" and his work included "The Vortex," "Hay Fever," "Private Lives," "Brief Encounter" and "Blithe Spirit." In 1970 he was given knighthood. "Noel Coward: A Biography" by Philip Hoare was published in 1996. Another biography, "A Talent to Amuse" by Sheridan Morley, published in 1974, was recommended. In 2007 Barry Day edited “The Letters of Noel Coward.”
    (WSJ, 8/15/96, p.A10)(SFEC, 8/25/96, BR p.9)(WSJ, 11/10/07, p.W8)

1973        Jul 1, Maryland declared that only a marriage between a man and a woman is valid in the state.
    (SFC, 9/19/07, p.A3)(http://tinyurl.com/5ygqvd)

1973        Montana initiated a ban on homosexual sex.
    (SFC, 7/3/97, p.A3)

1974        Dec, Allan Spear (1937-2008), Minnesota state senator, announced that he was gay, becoming only one of two openly gay legislators in the country.
    (SFC, 10/14/08, p.B5)

1974        This year's edition of the "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders" (DSM), 1st published in 1952, removed homosexuality from its list of disorders.
    (WSJ, 12/3/96, p.A1)(SFC, 12/18/03, p.A25)

1975        Jul 3, The US Civil Service Commission adopted new suitability regulations devoid of the previous language about "immoral" conduct or "sexual perversion." This voided Pres. Eisenhower’s 1953 executive order on firing gays.
    (www.fedglobe.org/news/12now_history.html)

1975        Oct 22, Matlovich, who appeared in his Air Force uniform on the cover of Time magazine, challenged the ban against homosexuals in the US military. He was given a "general" discharge by the Air Force after publicly declaring his homosexuality. NBC subsequently made a TV movie of his story. His suit dragged on until 1980 when a federal judge ordered Matlovich reinstated. Instead of re-entering the Air Force, Matlovich accepted a settlement of $160,000. Matlovich became a gay rights activist and dies of AIDS in 1988."
    (MC, 10/22/01)(www.glinn.com/news/tline5.htm)

1975        Clela Rorex, Boulder, Colo., county clerk, allowed 6 same-sex couples to wed after changing the license application to read "person" rather than "male" and "female."
    (SFC, 2/14/04, p.A1)

1976        May 24, The SF Chronicle published the 1st installment of "Tales of the City" by Armistead Maupin.
    (SFC, 5/1/01, p.A1)(www.cbsnews.com/stories/2008/01/27/sunday/main3756171.shtml)

1976        Aug 27, Transsexual Renee Richards was barred from competing in US Tennis Open  in Forest Hills, NY.
    (www.nytimes.com/packages/html/sports/year_in_sports/08.27.html)

1977        Jun 7, Anita Bryant led a successful crusade against Miami gay rights law.
    (http://thecastro.net/parade/parade/parade.html)

1977        Jun 8, Some 5,000 marched through downtown to protests an anti-gay rights vote in Miami. Voters in Dade County had repealed a gay-rights ordnance.
    (SFC, 6/8/02, p.G8)

1978        Jun 25, Some 240,000 people took part in the 7th SF Gay Freedom Parade.
    (SFC, 6/20/03, p.E2)

1978        Aug 20, The Castro Village held its 5th annual street fair for an estimated 20,000 people.
    (SFC, 8/15/03, p.E9)

1978        Oct 22, In SF Episcopal priest William Barcus III revealed his homosexuality before a supportive congregation at the Church of Saint Mary the Virgin on Union Street during a sermon criticizing Proposition 6, the Briggs Initiative.
    (SFC, 10/17/03, p.E9)

1978        Nov 8, Jerry Brown was re-elected as governor of California. Republican Mike Curb was elected Lt. Gov. State voters rejected restrictions on gay and lesbian teachers in the 1st statewide plebiscite on such an issue.
    (SFC, 11/7/03, p.E3)

1978        Dr. Fritz Klein (1933-2006), Austrian-born American researcher in bisexuality, published his Klein Grid, an expansion of the Kinsey Scale that measures human sexuality.
    (SFC, 6/1/06, p.B7)

1979        Mar 31, A bachelor party involving several young SF police officers ended in a scrap when drunken revelers invaded a lesbian bar called Peg's Place on Geary.
    (SFC, 3/26/04, p.F5)

1979        Apr 9, Some 300 lesbians and gay men competed with 6,500 other applicants for 600 SF police jobs. There were no openly gays officers at the time.
    (SFC, 4/9/04, p.F10)

1979        Jun 24, An estimated 300,000 people attended the 8th annual SF Gay Freedom Day Parade with about 80,000 in the procession.
    (SFC, 6/18/04, p.F2)

1979        Aug 3, INS inspectors at the SF Int’l. Airport stopped 2 male Mexican nationals because their bags contained cosmetics. The INS soon issued a new directive temporarily halting its agents from turning back foreign visitors suspected of being homosexuals.
    (SFC, 8/13/04, p.F4)

1979        Oct 14, In Washington, DC, some 100,000 gays, lesbians, bisexuals, and supporters marched in celebration of gay pride and demanded equal rights for homosexuals under the law.
    (SFC, 10/15/04, p.F13)

1980-1990    Herbert Baumeister (1947-1996), an Indianapolis businessman, killed 16 men, most of them gay, and dumped them in the woods behind his home and along rural roads in Indiana and Ohio. Baumeister committed suicide in Canada at age 49.
    (www.mayhem.net/Crime/morg9804.html)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herb_Baumeister)

1981        Aug 28, The US national Centers for Disease Control, noting a high incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma and pneumocystis in homosexual men, announced a medical task force had been formed to find out why. It was later determined the increased number of illnesses was caused by AIDS.
    (AP, 8/28/01)

1981        Vito Russo authored “The Celluloid Closet,” in which he decoded Hollywood films for queer content.
    (SFC, 10/15/04, p.F1)

1981        Alan P. Bell (d.2002) led a Kinsey study that suggested that homosexuals are born with that predisposition and not influenced by traumatic experiences during childhood development.
    (SFC, 5/28/02, p.A18)

1981        Larry Kramer helped found the Gay Men’s Health Crises in NYC. He later split with the group and founded ACT UP (1987) to press for a more forceful response to AIDS. His work included the novel "Faggots" (1978) and the play The Normal Heart."
    (SFC, 7/10/97, p.A10)

1984        Jun 24, In San Francisco the 12th annual Lesbian/Gay Freedom Parade drew an estimated 300,000 observers and participants.
    (SSFC, 6/21/09, DB p.50)

1984        The US Methodist General Conference passed a ban on “self-avowed practicing homosexuals.”
    (SFC, 12/27/04, p.A3)

1985        Willie Walker (1949-2004) helped found the Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender Historical Society in San Francisco.
    (SFC, 10/22/04, p.B7)

1986        Jun 30, The Supreme Court, in Bowers v. Hardwick, ruled 5-4 that states could outlaw homosexual acts between consenting adults. This upheld a Georgia law against sodomy. However, the nation's highest court effectively reversed this decision in 2003 in Lawrence v. Texas.
    (Econ, 4/3/04, p.87)(AP, 6/30/07)

1986        Richard Plant (d.1998) wrote "The Pink Triangle: The Nazi War Against Homosexuals."
    (www.holocaust-trc.org/homosx.htm)

1986        The film “Desert Hearts” was adopted from the Jane Rule novel “Desert of the Heart.” It was the story of 2 women falling in love. The screenplay was by Natalie Cooper (d.2004).
    (SFC, 10/28/04, p.B7)

1986        Mike Bowers, Attorney-General of Georgia, successfully defended the state’s anti-sodomy law before the US Supreme Court.
    (SFC, 6/6/97, p.A14)

1987        Aug 24, Bayard Rustin (b.1912), gay civil rights activist, died of cardiac arrest. In 2003 a documentary of his life by Nancy Kates: "Brother Outsider: The Life of Bayard Rustin," was aired on PBS TV. He was the chief architect of the 1963 march on Washington. In 2003 John D'Emilio authored "Lost Prophet: The Life and Times of Bayard Rustin."
    (SFC, 1/16/03, p.E1)(SSFC, 8/31/03, p.M3)

1988        Feb 10, A 3-judge panel of the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals in San Francisco struck down the Army's ban on homosexuals, saying gays were entitled to the same protection against discrimination as racial minorities. The ruling was later set aside by the full appeals court.
    (AP, 2/10/97)

1988        Mar 7, Divine, [Harris Milstead], female impersonator (Pink Flamingos), died.
    (MC, 3/7/02)

1988        Alan Hollinghurst authored his 1st novel, “The Swimming Pool Library.” Edmund White later described it as the best book about gay life yet written by an English author.
    (Econ, 4/17/04, p.82)

1988        Israel repealed its anti-sodomy laws. The laws had not been enforced for 30 years.
    (www.tau.ac.il/law/aeyalgross/Danilowitz.htm)

1989        May 3, Christine Jorgensen (b.1926), Denmark-born 1st transsexual (1952), died in California. Her book “Christine Jorgensen: A Personal Autobiography” was published in 1967, and its film adaptation was released in 1970 as The Christine Jorgensen Story.
    (www.glbtq.com/arts/jorgensen_c.html)

1989        May 26, Danish parliament allowed legal marriage among homosexuals.
    (www.wayoflife.org/fbns/pushing.htm)

1989        Oct 1, In Copenhagen, Denmark, 11 homosexual couples were married. It was the first time any country allowed such marriages.
    (SFC, 5/26/96, Z1 p.6)(SFC, 12/12/98, p.B3)

1990        Feb 8, CBS television temporarily suspended Andy Rooney for his anti-gay and anti-black remarks in a gay magazine interview.
    (HN, 2/8/99)(MC, 2/8/02)

1990        Prof. Theodore Sarbin (1911-2005) of UC Berkeley co-wrote the report “Gays in Uniform: The Pentagon’s Secret Reports.” The report prompted Pres. Clinton’s policy of “don’t ask, don’t tell.”
    (SFC, 9/3/05, p.B4)

1990        Episcopal Bishop Walter Righter of Iowa ordained Rev. Barry Stopfel, who publicly proclaimed his long-term gay relationship with a lover. The Bishop was later charged with heresy under a 1979 church resolution and then acquitted.
    (SFC, 5/16/96, p.A-11)

1990        Rainaldo Arenas (b.1943), gay writer, took his own life in the US after suffering from AIDS. He left Cuba during the 1980 Mariel boatlift. His books included "Before Night Falls" (1993) and "The Color of Summer" the 4th of 5 called the "Pentagonia" a "secret history of Cuba." In 2000 the film version of Before Night Falls was directed by Julian Schnabel
    (SFEC, 7/30/00, BR p.4)(SSFC, 12/17/00, DB p.49)

1990        In Russia the Moscow Union of Lesbians and Gays was founded.
    (SFC, 6/23/96, BR, p.6)

1991        Jun 4, Lesbian priest Elizabeth Carl was ordained in Episcopal Church.
    (MC, 6/4/02)

1992        Sarah Pettit (25) co-founded Out magazine. Pettit died Jan 22, 2003. Out was sold to LPI in 2000.
    (SFC, 1/23/03, p.A18)

1993        Apr 14, A U.S. government-funded study said that of 3,321 men surveyed, only 1.1 percent identified themselves as exclusively homosexual, a finding disputed by gay activists.
    (AP, 4/14/98)

1993        Apr 16, President Clinton received gay and lesbian activists in the Oval Office for a one-hour meeting.
    (AP, 4/16/98)

1993        Apr 25, Hundreds of thousands of gay rights activists and their supporters marched in Washington, D.C., demanding equal rights and freedom from discrimination.
    (AP, 4/25/98)

1993        May 3, American sailor Terry M. Helvey confessed to stomping to death Allen Schindler, a homosexual shipmate, but told his court-martial in Japan that he was drunk and did not plan the killing. Helvey was later sentenced to life in prison.
    (AP, 5/3/98)

1993        May 11, The Senate Armed Services Committee heard emotional testimony from Marine Col. Fred Peck, who affirmed his love for his homosexual son, Scott, while reiterating his opposition to lifting the ban on openly gay servicemen.
    (AP, 5/11/98)

1993        Jul 19, President Clinton announced a compromise allowing homosexuals to serve in the military, but only if they refrained from all homosexual activity, under a compromise dubbed "don't ask, don't tell, don't pursue."
    (HN, 7/19/98)(AP, 7/19/08)

1993        Tel Aviv began hosting an annual gay pride parade.
    (SFC, 6/8/02, p.A12)

1994        Feb 20, Pope John Paul II demanded juristic discrimination of homosexuals.
    (MC, 2/20/02)

1994        Jun 26, Hundreds of thousands of homosexuals gathered in New York City to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the Stonewall Inn riot, considered the birth of the gay-rights movement.
    (AP, 6/26/99)

1994        Aug 20, Archbishop Quarracino wanted all homosexuals to leave Argentina.
    (MC, 8/20/02)

1996        Mar 27, The Gay’s Hill Baptist Church in Millen, Ga., burned down. Arson was suspected and investigations by the FBI and ATF were later begun.
    (SFC, 6/11/96, p.A16)

1996        Apr 14, "A History of Queer Culture in the San Francisco Bay Area" by Susan Stryker and Jim Van Buskirk was reviewed.
    (SFC, 4/14/96, BR, p.1)

1996        May 8, South Africa approved a National Constitution that guaranteed equal rights for all races. Zulu nationalists and white extremists boycotted the parliament vote and the entire process. The Constitution contained a clause that prevented discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation.
    (SFC, 5/8/96, p.A-19)(WSJ, 5/9/96, p.A-1)(SFEC, 9/6/98, p.A22)

1996        May 20, The Supreme Court struck down, 6-3, a Colorado constitutional amendment banning laws that protect homosexuals from discrimination. In another decision, the court curtailed, 5-4, huge jury awards aimed at punishing or deterring misconduct.
    (WSJ, 5/21/96, p.A-1)(AP, 5/20/97)

1996        Jun 1, The bodies of Julianne Williams (24) and Laura Winans (26) were found in Shenandoah National Park, a week after they were last seen alive. Their hands were bound and their throats were slashed. On Apr 10, 2002 Darrel David Rice (34) of Maryland was indicted for the murders along with hate charges.
    (SFC, 4/11/02, p.A15)

1996        Sep 10, The US Senate dealt a double defeat to gay-rights activists, voting to reject same-sex marriage in federal law (Defense of Marriage Act - DOMA) by a vote of 85-14. It also rejected (50-49) a separate bill that would have barred job discrimination against gays.
    (WSJ, 9/11/96, p.A1)(AP, 9/10/97)

1997        Apr 30, ABC aired the "coming out" of the title character in the sitcom "Ellen," played by Ellen DeGeneres.
    (AP, 4/30/98)

1997        May 1, The TV show Ellen captured 42 million viewers to hear the Ellen character, played by Ellen DeGeneres, announce that she was a lesbian.
    (SFC, 5/2/97, p.C1)

1997        Jul 2, A federal judge in New York ruled that the military policy, "don’t ask, don’t tell," is unconstitutional and only serves to cater to the biases of many heterosexuals.
    (SFC, 7/3/97, p.A1)
1997        Jul 2, A Montana court voided a 24-year-old ban on homosexual sex, concluding that the government has no business meddling in the sexual activity of consenting adults.
    (SFC, 7/3/97, p.A3)

1997        Aug 20, In Jamaica prison guards walked off their jobs after a commissioner suggested that guards and prisoners use condoms to prevent AIDS. Anti-gay violence broke out and within a week 16 inmates were killed and 20 injured at Kingston’s Gen’l. Penitentiary and St. Catherine District Prison.
    (SFC, 8/26/97, p.A4)

1997        Dec 17, In New Jersey a settlement was reached that allows gay and unmarried couples to adopt children.
    (WSJ, 12/18/97, p.A1)

1997        China decriminalized homosexuality. The Chinese Classification and Diagnostic Criteria of Mental Disorders removed homosexuality from its list of mental illnesses on April 20, 2001.
    (Econ, 6/20/09, p.43)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homosexuality_in_China)

1997        The Tasmanian parliament repealed its anti-gay laws.
    (SSFC, 1/23/05, p.E6)

1998        Feb 6, Washington became the 27th state to ban same-sex marriages.
    (SFC, 2/7/98, p.A3)

1998        May 9, In Britain the Israeli transsexual, Dana International (Yaron Cohen), won the annual Eurovision Song Prize with the song "Diva."
    (SFC, 5/11/98, p.D5)(SFEC, 7/20/98, p.A9)

1998        Aug 1, The 5th quadrennial Gay Games began in Amsterdam with some 15,000 competitors.
    (SFEC, 8/2/98, p.A2)

1998        Aug 9, In London, England, the 13th Anglican Lambeth Conference, which had opened on July 18, closed. The 749 bishops present declared that homosexual acts were incompatible with scripture, but that gays were loved by God.
    (Econ, 3/29/08, p.50)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambeth_Conferences)

1998        Oct 7, In Laramie, Wyo., Matthew Shepard (22), a gay student at the University of Wyoming, was found beaten, burned and tied to a wooden ranch fence. Police arrested Russel Arthur Henderson (21) and Aaron McKinney for attempted murder, kidnapping and robbery. Also picked up as accessories to the charges were Chastity Vera Pasley (20) and Kristen Leann Price (18). Shepard died Oct 12. Pasley was sentenced in 1999 to 15-24 months in jail for lying to police and destroying evidence. [See Oct 12] Henderson and McKinney were later convicted and sentenced to life in prison.
    (SFC, 10/10/98, p.A3)(SFC, 10/13/98, p.A1)(SFC, 5/22/99, p.A11)(AP, 10/7/99)

1998        Oct 12, Matthew Shepard (21), a gay student at the University of Wyoming, died in fort Collins, Colorado, five days after he was beaten and lashed to a fence; two men were charged with his murder. Russell Henderson later pleaded guilty to murder and kidnapping; a second suspect, Aaron McKinney, was convicted of felony murder, kidnapping and aggravated robbery. McKinney was sentenced to 2 life terms.
    (SFC, 10/13/98, p.A1)(AP, 10/12/99)(SFC, 11/4/99, p.A1)(SFC, 11/5/99, p.A1)

1998        A South Africa court struck down the law against sodomy.
    (SSFC, 5/25/03, p.A12)

1999        Apr 5, In Laramie, Wyo., Russell Henderson pleaded guilty to kidnapping and felony murder in the death of Matthew Shepard, a gay college student.
    (AP, 4/5/00)

1999        Apr 30, In London a bomb exploded at the Admiral Duncan pub, a gay bar in Soho. 2-3 people were killed and over 70 wounded. David Copeland (24) was convicted for the bombing in 2000.
    (SFC, 5/1/99, p.A1)(AP, 4/30/00)(SFC, 7/1/00, p.A14)

1999        May 7, A jury in Pontiac, Mich., announced a $25 million verdict against the producers of the Jenny Lind TV Show over the 1995 segment that led to the murder of Scott Amedure by Jonathan Schmitz. Amedure, a gay man, was shot to death after revealing a crush on Jonathan Schmitz, a fellow guest on the talk show. Time Warner planned to appeal.
    (SFC, 5/8/99, p.A1)(WSJ, 5/10/99, p.B8)(AP, 5/7/00)

1999        Nov 3, In Laramie, Wyoming, Aaron McKinney (22) was convicted of murder in the October 6-7, 1998, beating of gay Wyoming college student Matthew Shepard (21). Shepard died on October 12, 1998, at Poudre Valley Hospital in Fort Collins, Colorado. McKinney and Russell Henderson, who pleaded guilty to kidnapping and murder, were sentenced to life in prison. McKinney had faced the possibility of being sentenced to death by lethal injection. A deal was reached after Shepard’s parents agreed to accept two life terms in prison for their son’s killer.
    (AP, 11/3/00)(www.cnn.com/US/9911/03/gay.attack.verdict.01/)

1999        Dec 11, Agreeing with his wife, President Clinton told CBS Radio his 1993 "don’t ask, don’t tell" policy on gays in the military wasn’t working, and he pledged to work with the Pentagon to find a way to fix it.
    (AP, 12/11/00)

1999        Dec 20, The Vermont Supreme Court ruled that homosexual couples were entitled to the same benefits and protections as wedded couples of the opposite sex.
    (SFC, 12/21/99, p.A1)(AP, 12/20/00)

2000        Jan 12, Forced to act by a European court ruling, the British government ended its ban on gay men and women serving in the armed forces.
    (SFC, 1/13/00, p.A1)(AP, 1/12/01)

2000        Jan 31, Atlanta Braves pitcher John Rocker was suspended by baseball commissioner Bud Selig for disparaging foreigners, homosexuals and minorities in a Sports Illustrated interview.
    (AP, 1/31/01)

2000        Mar 16, The Vermont state House of Representatives voted 76-69 for a bill to give same-sex couples all the rights and responsibilities granted to married heterosexuals.
    (SFEC, 4/2/00, p.A6)

2000        Apr 18, In his first game back following a 12-game suspension for making disparaging remarks about minorities, gays and immigrants, Atlanta’s John Rocker pitched a scoreless ninth inning in a 4-to-3, 12-inning victory over Philadelphia.
    (AP, 4/18/01)

2000        Apr 25, In Vermont the Legislature approved civil unions for homosexuals and Gov. Howard Dean promised to sign the legislation effective July 1.
    (SFC, 4/26/00, p.A1)

2000        Apr 29, In Washington DC some 1000 gay and lesbian couples proclaimed their love at the Lincoln Memorial as part of the events leading to the 4th annual Millennium March the next day.
    (SFEC, 4/30/00, p.A13)

2000        Apr 30, The 4th annual gay rights rally, billed as the Millennium March, was held in Washington DC. The crowd in the national Mall was estimated from 200-750 thousand.
    (SFEC, 4/30/00, p.A13)(AP, 4/30/01)

2000        Jul 1, Vermont’s civil unions law, which granted gay couples most of the rights, benefits and responsibilities of marriage, went into effect.
    (AP, 7/1/01)
2000        Jul 1-9, In Italy the World Pride int’l. gay pride festival opened in Rome.
    (SFEC, 6/4/00, p.C14)(SFEC, 7/2/00, p.A17)

2000        Jul 7, In West Virginia 2 teenagers (17) in Grant Town confessed to killing Arthur Warren Jr. (26), a gay man. They beat him to death and then drove over his body several times to make it look like a hit-and-run.
    (SFC, 7/8/00, p.A4)(SFC, 7/24/00, p.A3)

2000        Sep 14, US Government scientists narrowly rejected a proposal to ease the ban on gay male blood donors, citing uncertainty over whether the move would increase the AIDS risk to the nation's blood supply.
    (AP, 9/14/01)

2000        Bob Guter launched the online Web zine Bent: A Journal of Crip/Gay Voices.
    (SSFC, 2/29/04, p.M2)

2001        Mar 31, In the Netherlands legislation enacted in 2000 to legalize gay marriages went into effect at midnight.
    (SFC, 3/31/01, p.A10)

2001        Apr 30, The SF Board of Supervisors passed a measure 9-2 to allow city employees medical benefits for a sex change.
    (SFC, 5/1/01, p.A1)

2001        May 11, In Cairo, Egypt, authorities arrested 52 males aboard a riverboat restaurant for homosexual activities. [see Sep 18]
    (SFC, 9/19/01, p.B4)

2001        Jul 10, The White House backed off a plan to let religious groups that receive federal money, such as the Salvation Army, ignore local laws that ban discrimination against gays and lesbians.
    (AP, 7/10/02)

2001        Robert Aldritch authored "Who’s Who in Gay and Lesbian History."
    (SSFC, 3/23/03, p.M4)

2002        Jun 5, In Sweden legislators voted to let same-sex couples adopt children.
    (SFC, 6/6/02, p.A10)

2002        Jun 7, In Jerusalem hundreds of gay activists held their 1st gay pride parade.
    (SFC, 6/8/02, p.A12)

2002        Jul 5, The Arkansas state Supreme Court ruled that a law banning sexual relations between people of the same sex was an unconstitutional invasion of privacy.
    (SFC, 7/6/02, p.A5)

2002        Jul 12, In Canada an Ontario court ruled that refusing legal recognition to gay and lesbian marriages is unconstitutional.
    (SFC, 7/13/02, p.A14)

2002        Sep 10, In South Africa the highest court ruled that gay couples have the right to adopt children and laws that prevent them from doing so violate their constitutional rights.
    (AP, 9/10/02)

2002        Oct 4, In Newark, Ca, Eddie Araujo (17) was beaten to death after he showed up at a party dressed as a girl (Gwen Araujo). His body was dumped in a shallow grave in the Sierra. Jose Merel, Michael Magidson and Jaron Nabors were later charged in the slaying. In 2004 a judge declared a mistrial after jurors deadlocked over the issue of premeditation.
    (SFC, 10/18/02, p.A21)(SFC, 10/19/02, p.A1)(SFC, 6/23/04, p.A1)

2002        Nov 2, Gay Games VI opened in Sydney, Australia, before some 40,000 spectators.
    (SSFC, 11/3/02, p.A13)

2002        Nov 20, A Louisiana Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that the state’s 197-year-old sodomy law does not discriminate against gays and lesbians.
    (SFC, 11/23/02, p.A5)

2002        Dec 17, In New York Gov. George Pataki signed a bill extending civil rights protections to gays and lesbians in the state.
    (SFC, 12/18/02, p.A3)

2002        Noelle Howey authored "Dress Codes: Of Three Girlhoods – My Mother’s, My Father’s and Mine."
    (SSFC, 6/9/02, p.M1)

2003        Jan 4, Clonaid, the company that claims to have produced the first human clone, said a second child was born to a Dutch lesbian Jan 3.
    (AP, 1/5/03)(SSFC, 1/5/03, p.A22)

2003        Jan 30, Belgium officially recognized gay marriages.
    (SFC, 1/31/03, p.A9)

2003        Apr 30, Eric Gupton (b.1960), founding member of the Black theater troupe Pomo Afro Homos, died in SF of complications from AIDS. The group’s breakthrough first show was titled “Fierce Love: Stories From black Gay Life” (1990).
    (SFC, 2/18/08, p.E1)

2003        Jun 7, In a national first, New Hampshire Episcopalians elected the Reverend V. Gene Robinson, an openly gay man, as their next bishop.
    (AP, 6/7/04)

2003        Jun 10, Toronto, Canada, issued North America's 1st full marriage licenses to same sex couples after a judge knocked down Canada's legal definition of marriage, the union of a man and a woman, as a violation of the country's Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
    (SFC, 6/11/03, p.A7)

2003        Jun 11, The Canadian government said that gay marriages performed in the central province of Ontario over the last two days were legal for now but refused to rule out taking measures later to invalidate them.
    (Reuters, 6/11/03)

2003        Jun 26, The US Supreme court struck down a Texas sodomy law and proclaimed that gay Americans have a right to private sexual relations.
    (SFC, 6/27/03, p.A1)

2003        Jun 29, SF held its 33rd annual SF Gay Pride parade on Market St.
    (SSFC, 6/28/03, p.A2)

2003        Jul 17, The leaders of an Australian Christian church voted to allow homosexuals to become priests, drawing protest from within the congregation.
    (AP, 7/17/03)

2003        Jul 31, The Vatican issued a proclamation that condemned government recognition of gay and lesbian unions.
    (SFC, 8/1/03, p.A1)

2003        Sep 8, In NYC Harvey Milk High School for gay, bisexual and transgender kids opened in Greenwich Village. It  was named after the San Francisco supervisor killed in 1978.
    (SFC, 9/9/03, p.A1)

2003        Sep 18, A law against "promotion" of homosexuality was removed from the British statute books, after more than a decade of gay-rights protests.
    (AP, 9/18/03)

2003        Sep 19, Gov. Davis signed AB205, a California domestic partners bill.
    (SFC, 9/20/03, p.A1)

2003        Nov 1, Taipei, Taiwan, held the Chinese world's 1st gay pride parade.
    (USAT, 2/5/04, p.1A)

2003        Nov 7, The New Hampshire Supreme Court ruled that a lesbian affair did not constitute adultery under state law.
    (SFC, 11/8/03, p.A2)

2003        Nov 18, The Massachusetts Supreme Court ruled 4-3 that a ban on same sex marriage is illegal. Lawmakers were given 180 days to allow gay marriages.
    (SFC, 11/19/03, p.A1)(WSJ, 11/19/03, p.A1)

2003        Dec 19, An Ontario court ruled that the Canadian government discriminated against same-sex couples by denying pension benefits to survivors whose partners died before 1998. Benefits were made retro-active to April 17, 1985.
    (SSFC, 12/21/03, p.A14)

2003        Robert Aldritch authored "Colonialism and Homosexuality."
    (SSFC, 3/23/03, p.M4)

2003        Nan Alamilla Boyd authored "Wide-Open Town: A History of Queer San Francisco to 1965."
    (SSFC, 6/28/03, p.M1)

2004        Jan 21, Ohio lawmakers gave final approval to a measure banning gay marriage and prohibiting state employees from getting benefits for domestic partners. Gov. Bob Taft said he would sign it pending a legal review.
    (SFC, 1/22/04, p.A1)

2004        Jan 26, Cleveland City Hall began a domestic partner's registry, the 1st in the nation created by voters.
    (SFC, 1/27/04, p.A3)

2004        Feb 12, Some 90 gay and lesbian couples wed in San Francisco. Over the next few days some 2,000 took their vows.
    (SFC, 2/13/04, p.A1)(WSJ, 2/17/04, p.A1)

2004        Feb 20, Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger directed the California state attorney general to take immediate legal steps to stop SF from granting marriage licenses to gay couples.
    (AP, 2/21/04)(SFC, 2/21/04, p.A1)

2004        Feb 21, Bill Lockyer, California state Attorney General, rebuffed Gov. Schwarzenegger's demand to force an end to same-sex marriages in SF, calling the directive political rhetoric.
    (SSFC, 2/22/04, p.A1)

2004        Feb 22, A giant wedding reception was held at the SF Hyatt Regency honoring the thousands of same-sex couples married over the previous 11 days.
    (SFC, 8/13/04, p.A16)

2004        Feb 24, Pres. Bush called for a constitutional amendment to ban marriage between members of the same sex.
    (SFC, 2/25/04, p.A1)

2004        Feb 27, Bill Lockyer, California state Attorney General, asked the California Supreme Court to stop SF officials from issuing same-sex marriage licenses and invalidate the 3,400 gay and lesbian weddings that have taken place at City Hall since Feb 12. The justices halted the weddings the following month.
    (SFC, 8/13/04, p.A16)(AP, 2/27/05)

2004        Mar 2, NY state filed charges against the mayor of New Paltz for marrying gay couples.
    (WSJ, 3/3/04, p.A1)

2004        Mar 29, Massachusetts lawmakers approved a proposed constitutional amendment to ban gay marriage and legalize civil unions, sending the issue to the next legislative session.
    (AP, 3/29/05)

2004        Apr 20, An Oregon judge ordered a halt to same sex marriages. He also ordered official recognition of marriages already held in Multnomah County.
    (SFC, 4/21/04, p.A3)

2004        May 17, Transsexuals were cleared to compete in the Olympics for the first time.
    (AP, 5/17/05)

2004        Jun 5, France's first gay marriage was performed in the southwest city of Bordeaux. On July 27 it was officially declared void by a court but the two homosexual men involved immediately said they would appeal the ruling.
    (AP, 7/27/04)

2004        Jul 10, New Jersey began issuing documents for domestic partnerships.
    (SSFC, 7/11/04, p.A3)

2004        Jul 14, The US Senate scuttled a constitutional amendment banning gay marriage. 48 senators voted to advance the measure, 12 short of the 60 needed, and 50 voted to block it.
    (AP, 7/14/05)

2004        Sep 18, Louisiana voters overwhelmingly approved a state constitutional amendment banning same-sex marriages and civil unions.
    (AP, 9/19/04)

2004        Sep 24, Nova Scotia became the sixth Canadian province or territory to allow gay marriages when the provincial Supreme Court ruled that banning such unions was unconstitutional.
    (AP, 9/24/04)

2004        Oct 1, Spain's Socialist government approved a controversial law that would give gay and lesbian couples the same right to marry, divorce and adopt children as heterosexuals.
    (Reuters, 10/1/04)

2004        Oct 5, A Louisiana state judge threw out the new constitutional amendment banning gay marriage because it also banned civil unions.
    (SFC, 10/6/04, p.A3)

2004        Oct, Fanny An Eddy, Sierra Leone’s best known lesbian, was found murdered.
    (Econ, 10/9/04, p.42)

2004        Nov 2, Gay marriage curbs won in all 11 US states where they were on ballots.
    (WSJ, 11/3/04, p.A1)

2004        Nov 5, In Canada Saskatchewan became the country’s 7th jurisdiction to allow homosexuals to wed.
    (SFC, 11/5/04, p.A3)

2004        Dec 9, Canada's highest court said the government can redefine marriage to include same-sex couples, but it added that religious officials cannot be forced to perform unions against their beliefs.
    (AP, 12/9/04)

2004        Dec 30, Arkansas vowed to appeal after a judge struck down a 1999 rule barring the state from placing a foster child in any household with a gay member.
    (WSJ, 12/31/04, p.A1)

2004        J.L. King authored "On the Down Low: A Journey Into the Lives of 'Straight' Black Men Who Sleep With Men."
    (AP, 7/24/09)

2004        Graham Robb authored "Strangers: Homosexual Love in the Nineteenth Century."
    (SSFC, 2/1/04, p.M2)(Econ, 1/10/04, p.74)

2005        Jan 1, A new California law took effect giving gay couples who register as domestic partners nearly the same responsibilities and benefits as married spouses.
    (AP, 1/1/05)

2005        Feb 1, The Canadian government introduced its contentious same-sex marriage bill in Parliament, seeking to legalize gay marriage nationwide over the objections of the Roman Catholic Church and other conservative clergy.
    (AP, 2/2/05)

2005        Feb 21, The British government said same-sex partners will be able to enter into civil unions from December, joining gays in parts of Europe and the United States in obtaining many of the rights enjoyed by married people.
    (AP, 2/21/05)

2005        Feb 24, Anglican leaders forced a suspension of the US Episcopal Church and Canadian adherents due to same sex marriages and ordaining gay clergy.
    (WSJ, 2/25/05, p.A1)
    (AP, 3/15/05)

2005        Mar 14, San Francisco Superior Court Judge Richard Kramer declared California’s ban on same-sex marriage unconstitutional.
    (SFC, 3/15/05, p.A1)

2005        Apr 14, The Oregon Supreme Court nullified nearly 3,000 marriage licenses issued in 2004 to same-sex couples in Portland’s Multnomah County.
    (SFC, 4/15/05, p.A6)

2005        Apr 20, Gov. Jodi Rell signed legislation making Connecticut the 2nd state after Vermont to offer civil unions to gay couples.
    (SFC, 4/21/05, p.A3)

2005        May 12, A US federal judge struck down a Nebraska gay-marriage ban that barred benefit sharing and same-sex foster parents.
    (WSJ, 5/13/05, p.A1)

2005        May 29, In Brazil almost 2 million gay men, lesbians, transvestites and their supporters, many in lavish Carnival costumes and waving rainbow-colored flags, paraded in Sao Paulo to celebrate gay pride and call for the legalization of civil unions between homosexuals.
    (AP, 5/30/05)

2007        May, Australia’s Victorian state civil and administrative tribunal ruled that the Peel Hotel in the southern city of Melbourne could exclude patrons based on their sexuality.
    (Reuters, 5/28/07)

2005        Jun 26, Toronto, Canada, celebrated its 25th annual Pride Parade, one of the world's largest gay and lesbian festivals under a blistering sun. NYC and SF also hosted large parades as did other cities around the world.
    (AP, 6/26/05)
2005        Jun 26, An Israeli court ruled that Jerusalem's gay pride parade could proceed as planned and ordered the city's mayor to pay $6,500 out of his own pocket for trying to stop it.
    (AP, 6/26/05)

2005        Jun 28, Canada's  House of Commons passed legislation, drafted by PM Paul Martin, to legalize gay marriage in spite of fierce opposition from Conservatives and religious leaders. It would become only the third country in the world to legalize gay marriage.
    (AP, 6/29/05)

2005        Jun 30, Viacom launched Logo, a gay oriented TV show.
    (SFC, 6/30/05, p.E1)(Econ, 7/2/05, p.59)
2005        Jun 30, Spain’s Parliament voted 187-147 to legalize gay marriages, defying conservatives and clergy making Spain the 3rd country to allow same-sex unions nationwide.
    (AP, 6/30/05)(WSJ, 7/1/05, p.A1)

2005        Jul 4, The General Synod of the United Church of Christ, meeting in Georgia, endorsed same-sex marriage with a resolution that called for equal marriage rights for all.
    (SFC, 7/5/05, p.A3)

2005        Jul 20, Canada legalized gay marriage, becoming the world's 4th nation to grant full legal rights to same-sex couples.
    (AP, 7/20/05)

2005        Jul 19, Iran publicly executed two teenagers accusing them of raping a 13-year-old boy and having gay sex, according to Iran's ISNA news agency.
    (AP, 7/22/05)

2005        Aug 16, A university professor in Shanghai said is he is offering China's first class on homosexuality and gay culture and that several hundred students have applied for the 100 openings.
    (AP, 8/17/05)

2005        Frederic Mitterand (b.1947), the nephew of former French Pres. Francois Mitterand, authored his autobiographical novel “The Bad Life” (French: La mauvaise vie), which became a best seller. In the book he details his "delight" whilst visiting the male brothels of Bangkok, and writes, "I got into the habit of paying for boys ... The profusion of young, very attractive and immediately available boys put me in a state of desire I no longer needed to restrain or hide."
    (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Mitterrand)

2006        Jun 29, The Arkansas Supreme Court ruled that Arkansas cannot ban gays from becoming foster parents, because there is no link between their sexual orientation and a child’s well-being.
    (SFC, 6/30/06, p.A20)

2006        Sep 15, Alberto Linero (27) and Alberto Sanchez (24) both privates in the Spanish air force, exchanged vows in a reception room at Seville's town hall, in the first known wedding among same-sex members of the military since Spain legalized gay marriage last year.
    (AP, 9/15/06)

2006        Nov 2, In Denver, Colo., Rev. Ted Haggard, a leading evangelist and outspoken opponent of gay marriage, gave up his post as president of the National Association of Evangelicals while a church panel investigates allegations he paid a man for sex. Haggard later confessed he was guilty of sexual immorality.
    (AP, 11/3/06)(AP, 11/2/07)

2006        Nov 30, South Africa became the first country in Africa, and only the fifth in the world, to legalize same sex marriages.
    (AP, 11/30/06)

2006        Dec 21, New Jersey Gov. Jon Corzine signed legislation giving same-sex couples all the rights and responsibilities of marriage under state law, but not the title.
    (SFC, 12/22/06, p.A4)

2007        Mar 28, A small group of Arab lesbians quietly defied Islamist protesters and a social taboo to gather at a rare public conference in Haifa, Israeli. It was organized by Aswat, an organization for Arab lesbians with members in Israel, the West Bank and Gaza Strip.
    (AP, 3/28/07)

2007        Jun 10, In Brazil millions of people packed the streets of Sao Paulo for what organizers said was the world's largest gay pride parade, dancing and waving rainbow flags in a carnival-like atmosphere to condemn homophobia, racism and sexism.
    (AP, 6/10/07)

2007        Aug 21, Hundreds of people held an anti-gay protest in Uganda's capital, denouncing what they called an "immoral" lifestyle and demanding the deportation of an American journalist writing about gay rights in the deeply conservative country.
    (AP, 8/21/07)

2007        Aug 28, A day after reports surfaced of his June arrest at the Minneapolis airport, Sen. Larry Craig, R-Idaho, told a news conference the only thing he had done wrong was to plead guilty after a police complaint of lewd conduct in a men's room; Craig also declared, "I am not gay. I never have been gay."
    (AP, 8/28/08)

2007        Sep 18, Maryland’s highest court, in a 4-3 decision, upheld a law defining marriage as a union between a man and a woman and said the 1973 ban on gay marriage does not discriminate on the basis of gender and does not deny any fundamental rights.
    (SFC, 9/19/07, p.A3)

2007        Oct 5, Colombia’s Constitutional Court ruled that gays may add their partners to health insurance plans.
    (SSFC, 10/7/07, p.A5)

2007        Nov 21, Michigan’s Gov. Jennifer Granholm issued an order that bars discrimination against state workers based on their "gender identity or expression," which protects the rights of those who behave, dress or identify as members of the opposite sex.
    (AP, 11/22/07)

2008        Jan 1, In New Hampshire Dozens of gay and lesbian couples entered into civil unions in the early moments of New Year's Day as a new state law legalized the partnerships.
    (AP, 1/1/08)

2008        Apr 9, Singapore's Media Development Authority, which regulates and censors media and the arts, said it fined StarHub S$10,000 (3,675 pounds) for airing a commercial for a song that featured "romanticized scenes" of lesbians kissing and portrayed the relationship as "acceptable."
    (AP, 4/9/08)

2008        May 15, The California Supreme Court affirmed the right of same-sex couples to marry.
    (SFC, 5/16/08, p.A1)
2008        May 15, Gambia’s Pres. Yahya Jammeh ordered homosexuals to leave the country and in a televised speech threatened to cut off the head of anyone discovered to be gay.
    (SFC, 6/3/08, p.A3)

2008        May 27, Germany unveiled a memorial to the Nazis' long-ignored gay victims, a monument that also aims to address ongoing discrimination by confronting visitors with an image of a same-sex couple kissing.
    (AP, 5/27/08)

2008        May 31, In Latvia about 400 gay men and women and their supporters held a parade in Riga, accompanied by a strong police presence and chants and insults from anti-gay activists.
    (AP, 5/31/08)

2008        Jun 1, Gay rights activists held small, scattered protests in Moscow, flouting repeated refusals from city authorities for permission to hold parades or demonstrations.
    (AP, 6/1/08)

2008        Jun 3, Greece's first gay weddings were held when two couples, abetted by a sympathetic local mayor, defied the threat of criminal charges and the wrath of the Orthodox church to tie the knot on the tiny Aegean island of Tilos.
    (Reuters, 6/3/08)

2008        Jun 6, An official said Cuba has authorized sex-change operations and will offer them free for qualifying citizens.
    (AP, 6/7/08)

2008        Jun 17, Norway passed a new equality law granting gay couples the same rights as heterosexuals to marry, adopt and undergo artificial insemination.
    (AP, 6/17/08)

2008        Jun 20, In Saudi Arabia religious police arrested 21 allegedly homosexual men and confiscated large amounts of alcohol at a large gathering of young men at a rest house in Qatif.
    (AP, 6/21/08)

2008        Jun 24, Cuba's Roman Catholic Church protested the communist government's growing support of gay rights, including a daylong event raising awareness against homophobia and a law allowing sex-change operations.
    (AP, 6/25/08)

2008        Jun 27, Leaders of the Presbyterian Church in the US, meeting in San Jose, Ca., overturned a ban on the ordination of gays and lesbians.
    (SFC, 6/28/08, p.A2)

2008        Jun 28, In Bulgaria extremists throwing rocks, bottles and gasoline bombs attacked the capital's first gay pride parade which included some 150 participants.
    (AP, 6/28/08)

2008        Jun 29, Malaysia's de facto opposition leader Anwar Ibrahim took refuge at the Turkish embassy due to fears he could be assassinated after fresh accusations of sodomy.
    (AP, 6/29/08)

2008        Jun 29, In India several hundred gay rights supporters took to the streets of Calcutta, Bangalore and New Delhi to call for an end to discrimination in a society where intolerance is widespread. The marches came days before the Delhi High Court is expected to hear arguments on overturning Section 377 of the penal code, a law against homosexual sex that dates to the British colonial era with punishment of up to 10 years in prison.
    (AP, 6/29/08)(Econ, 7/5/08, p.51)

2008        Aug 18, Argentina announced its first nationwide gay-rights measure: granting same-sex couples the right to claim their deceased partners' pensions.
    (AP, 8/19/08)

2008        Oct 10, The Connecticut Supreme Court voted 4-3 to give gay and lesbian couples the right to marry ruling that civil unions fell short of giving them full equality. It became the 3rd state to legalize such unions.
    (SFC, 10/11/08, p.A6)(WSJ, 10/11/08, p.A7)
2008        Oct 10, Portugal's Parliament voted by a large majority against proposals to allow same-sex marriages in the mostly Roman Catholic country.
    (AP, 10/10/08)

2008        Nov 4, California voters put a stop to gay marriage, creating uncertainty about the legal status of 18,000 same-sex couples who tied the knot during a four-month window of opportunity opened by the state's highest court. On Nov 19 the California state Supreme Court agreed to decide on the legality of the Proposition 8 measure. It was later reported that opponents and supporters had pumped a total of $85 million in to the measure. State voters approved Proposition 2 for improved treatment of farm animals. Voters also approved Proposition 1A, a $9.5 billion bond for high-speed rail service from SF to LA. Marin and Sonoma voters approved Measure Q for a quarter cent sales tax increase to build and operate a commuter train for Cloverdale to Larkspur. Prop. 11, a measure to overhaul state redistricting rules, passed as the final tally was completed 3 weeks later. 
    (AP, 11/6/08)(SFC, 11/5/08, p.A17)(SFC, 11/6/08, p.A17, B1)(SFC, 11/20/08, p.A1)(SFC, 11/27/08, p.A1)(SFC, 2/3/09, p.B1)

2008        Nov 12, A judge cleared the way for gay marriage to begin in Connecticut, a victory for advocates stung by California's referendum that banned same-sex unions in that state.
    (AP, 11/12/08)

2008        Nov 19, The New Jersey Office of the Attorney General said online dating service eHarmony has agreed to create a new website for gays and lesbians as part of a settlement with a gay man in New Jersey.
    (Reuters, 11/19/08)

2008        Nov 24, Adel Hussein was sentenced six months in jail by a court in Irbil, capital of the Kurdish-ruled region, for violating a public decency law by writing a story about homosexuality. The case centered on an April 2007 article Hussein wrote for the independent weekly Hawlati that detailed the physical effects of homosexual sex.
    (AP, 12/3/08)

2008        Nov 30, In Haiti a dozen men in T-shirts declaring "I am gay" and "I am living with HIV/AIDS" marched with hundreds of other demonstrators through St. Marc in what organizers called the Caribbean nation's first openly gay march.
    (AP, 12/1/08)

2008        Dec 8, In Brazil Police chief Paulo Fernando Fortunato reported that 13 gay men were killed in a park in suburban Sao Paulo between February 2007 and August 2008.
    (AP, 12/8/08)

2008        Dec 13, A woman (28) in the San Francisco Bay area was jumped by four men, taunted for being a lesbian, repeatedly raped and left naked outside an abandoned apartment building in Richmond.
    (AP, 12/23/08)

2008        Dec 15, Hungary's Constitutional Court annulled a law giving rights to domestic partners because it would diminish the importance of marriage.
    (AP, 12/15/08)

2008        William N. Eskridge Jr. authored Dishonorable Passions: Sodomy Laws in America, 1861-2003.
    (SSFC, 5/11/08, Books p.4)

2009        Jan 6, In Senegal 9 men, including a prominent activist, were convicted of homosexual acts and sentenced to eight years in prison. Senegal, a primarily Muslim nation in West Africa, is one of 38 countries on the continent that criminalize homosexual acts.
    (AP, 1/8/09)

2009        Jan 16, British pop star Boy George (47) was sentenced to 15 months in jail for imprisoning a Norwegian male escort (29) after a nude photoshoot. The singer and disc jockey, who stood trial under his real name George O'Dowd, admitted to police to handcuffing Audun Carlsen to his bed on April 28, 2007, as he investigated the Norwegian's alleged tampering with his computer.
    (AFP, 1/16/09)

2009        Jan 21, In Portland, Oregon, officials said they would begin a criminal investigation into newly elected Mayor Sam Adams (45), who admitted shortly after taking office on January 1 that he had lied during his campaign about a sexual relationship with a much younger gay man.
    (WSJ, 1/24/08, p.A4)

2009        Jan 28, In Iceland both parties of the new coalition government supported the appointment of social affairs minister Johanna Sigurdardottir (66), an openly gay former air hostess, as interim prime minister.
    (SFC, 1/29/09, p.A8)(Econ, 5/2/09, p.52)

2009        Feb 22, In Brisbane, Australia, Father Peter Kennedy (71), a rebel Catholic priest who was sacked for blessing gay couples and allowing women to preach, defied his archbishop and led mass.
    (AFP, 2/22/09)

2009        Mar 24, It was reported that the Moroccan government has begun a clampdown on what it sees as threats to the kingdom's religious and moral foundations, with Shiite Islam and gays particularly targeted.
    (AFP, 3/24/09)

2009        Mar 26, Serbian lawmakers approved a law against discrimination due to race, religion, gender, sexual orientation or other factors despite opposition from conservatives, including the Serbian Orthodox Church, and nationalists.
    (AP, 3/26/09)

2009        Apr 1, Sweden’s Parliament adopted a new law giving same sex couples the same marriage rights as heterosexuals, becoming the 5th European country to allow gay marriage.
    (SFC, 4/2/09, p.A2)

2009        Apr 3, The Iowa Supreme Court issued a unanimous ruling finding that the state's same-sex marriage ban violates the constitutional rights of gay and lesbian couples, making Iowa the third state where gay marriage is legal.
    (AP, 4/3/09)

2009        Apr 2, An Iraqi military spokesman said the government will next week start paying Sunni paramilitary groups in the Baghdad area despite weekend clashes with one of the units. In Baghdad two gunmen firing from a car killed an Iraqi army officer in the Mansour district. One of the gunmen was killed and the other captured. Militants hurled a grenade at an American patrol on Palestine Street in east Baghdad, wounding two civilians. In Mosul a roadside bomb exploded near a small restaurant frequented by police, wounding four of them and a civilian. A US aircraft attacked a group of men believed to be members of a government-allied Sunni paramilitary group as they were planting a roadside bomb at night north of Baghdad, killing one and wounding two. Two gay men were killed Sadr City by relatives who were shamed by their behavior, after a leading cleric repeatedly condemned homosexuality. The killings come weeks after Iraqi police found four bodies near Sadr City with the word pervert written on their chests.
    (AP, 4/2/09)(AP, 4/3/09)(AP, 4/4/09)

2009        Apr 7, Jack Wrangler (b.1946 as John Robert Stillman), porn star and musical theater producer, died in Manhattan. He appeared in over 30 gay sex films and 20 straight films including “The Devil in Miss Jones” (1982).
    (SFC, 4/10/09, p.B5)

2009        Apr 22, In Connecticut a decade-long battle for marriage equality ended when the General Assembly voted to update the state's marriage laws to conform with a landmark court ruling allowing gay and lesbian couples to tie the knot.
    (AP, 4/23/09)

2009        Apr 27, Iowa counties began processing same-sex marriage applications.
    (WSJ, 4/27/09, p.A1)

2009        May 1, Britain awarded the role of national poet laureate to Carol Ann Duffy (53), the first woman to hold a post that has been filled by William Wordsworth, Alfred Lord Tennyson and Ted Hughes. Duffy, a gay woman, has published more than 30 books, plays and children's stories as well as poems that mix accessible modern language with traditional forms.
    (AP, 5/1/09)(SFC, 5/2/09, p.A3)

2009        May 5, The District of Columbia Council gave final approval to legislation that recognizes same-sex marriages performed elsewhere. The law became effective on July 7.
    (SFC, 5/6/09, p.A5)(SFC, 7/8/09, p.A4)

2009        May 6, Maine's Gov. John Baldacci signed a freshly passed bill approving gay marriage, making it the fifth state to approve the practice and moving New England closer to allowing it throughout the region.
    (AP, 5/6/09)

2009        May 12, In Peru a new law went into effect that says officers will be fired for taking bribes and abusing detainees. It also said police officers who "damage the image" of law enforcement by engaging in homosexual behavior can lose their jobs.
    (AP, 5/14/09)

2009        May 13, In Uruguay the defense ministry confirmed that Minister Jose Bayardi had signed a decree lifting a ban on people with “open sexual deviations,” that had been imposed by the military dictatorship (1973-1985). The new decree stated that sexual orientation will no longer be considered a reason to prevent people from entering military service.
    (SFC, 5/14/09, p.A2)

2009        May 16, In Cuba President Raul Castro's daughter led hundreds of Cuban gays in a street dance to draw attention to gay rights on the island.
    (AP, 5/16/09)
2009        May 16, In Russia riot police violently broke up several gay rights demonstrations in Moscow, hauling away scores of protesters hours before the Russian capital hosted the major Eurovision international pop music competition.
    (AP, 5/16/09)
2009        May 16, The gay community in tightly controlled Singapore held its first-ever rally, taking advantage of looser laws on public gatherings to call for equality.
    (AP, 5/16/09)

2009        May 23, The Church of Scotland voted in favor of appointing an openly gay minister, the latest case involving sexuality to create a division in the Anglican Communion. The church's ruling body voted 326 to 267 to support the appointment of the Rev. Scott Rennie (37), who was previously married to a woman and is now in a relationship with a man.
    (AP, 5/24/09)

2009        Jun 3, New Hampshire became the sixth state to legalize gay marriage in a move that reflects the state's changing demographics from reliably Republican and conservative to younger and more liberal.
    (AP, 6/3/09)

2009        Jun 13, In China a colorful show of drag queens dressed in Chinese opera costumes was one of the festivities that marked Shanghai's gay pride, the first in China where homosexuality remains largely hidden.
    (AP, 6/13/09)
2009        Jun 13, In Italy tens of thousands of gay rights activists demanding rights for same-sex couples marched through the streets of Rome on Saturday in a gay pride parade.
    (AP, 6/13/09)

2009        Jun 17, A White House official said President Barack Obama, whose gay and lesbian supporters have grown frustrated with his slow movement on their priorities, is extending benefits to same-sex partners of federal employees but stopping short of a guarantee of full health insurance.
    (AP, 6/17/09)

2009        Jun 19, US census officials announced that same-sex married couples would be counted for the first time in the 2010 census.
    (Econ, 6/27/09, p.38)

2009        Jun 26, Ireland recognized the legal rights of same-sex couples for the first time in a civil partnership bill that gave people in long-term relationships many of the statutory rights of married couples.
    (AP, 6/26/09)

2009        Jun 27, In Ireland some 12,000 people marched in this year’s Gay Pride Parade in downtown Dublin.
    (SSFC, 6/28/09, p.A4)

2009        Jun 28, In India hundreds of gay rights supporters waved flags and danced past traffic during marches through three Indian cities to celebrate gay pride and call for the decriminalization of homosexuality in this deeply conservative country.
    (AP, 6/28/09)

2009        Jul 2, A top Indian court issued a landmark ruling that decriminalized gay sex between consenting adults by declaring a colonial-era ban on homosexuality unconstitutional. The decision applied only to the territory of the capital, New Delhi.
    (AFP, 7/2/09)(SFC, 7/3/09, p.A5)

2009        Jul 14, Lithuania's Parliament approved a censorship bill that sharply curbs the spreading of public information that lawmakers say could harm the mental, physical, intellectual and moral development of youngsters. The bill comes into law on March 2010 at the latest.
    (www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,4487209,00.html?maca=en-rss-en-all-1573-rdf)

2009        Jul 23, E. Lynn Harris (b.1955), pioneer of gay black fiction, died while promoting his latest book in Los Angeles. Long before the secret world of closeted black gay men came to light in America, Harris introduced a generation of black women to the phenomenon known as the "down low." His debut "Invisible Life" (1994) was a coming-of-age story that dealt with the then-taboo topic.
    (AP, 7/24/09)

2009        Aug 1, Australia's centre-left ruling party voted for national recognition of same-sex unions but stopped short of lifting a ban on gay marriage.
    (AFP, 8/1/09)
2009        Aug 1, In Tel Aviv, Israel, a gunman shot and killed two people at a youth club in the worst ever attack on homosexuals in Israel. The dead were identified as a man (26) who was a counselor at the center and a girl (17). Eleven people were wounded, four of them seriously.
    (AP, 8/2/09)

2009        Aug 17, Human Rights Watch said Iraqi militiamen are torturing and killing gay men with impunity in a systematic campaign that has spread from Baghdad to several other cities.
    (AP, 8/17/09)

2009        Aug 27, Uruguay lawmakers approved a bill allowing gay and lesbian couples to adopt. The 99-seat Chamber or Representatives passed the bill 40-13, with the remaining members absent. The law, still needing Senate approval, was supported by socialist President Tabare Vazquez's Broad Front coalition, which has already legalized gay civil unions and ended a ban on homosexuals in the armed forces.
    (AP, 8/28/09)

2009        Sep 9, In Jamaica John A. Terry (65), Britain’s honorary consul in Montego Bay, was found strangled in bed with a note denouncing him as a homosexual.
    (Econ, 9/19/09, p.49)(AP, 10/3/09)
2009        Sep 9, Uruguay’s Senate gave final approval for gay and lesbian couples to adopt children, making it the first country in Latin America to do so. The executive branch will decide when the law takes effect.
    (SFC, 9/10/09, p.A2)

2009        Sep 24, Emile Norman (b.1918), pioneering gay artist, died in Monterey, Ca..
    (SFC, 9/26/09, p.A12)

2009        Oct 10, Stephen Gately (33), a singer with the Irish boy band Boyzone, died while visiting Spain’s island of Mallorca. He made headlines a decade ago when he came out as gay.
    (AP, 10/11/09)

2009        Oct 11, Thousands of gay and lesbian activists marched from the White House to the Capitol, demanding that President Barack Obama keep his promises to allow gays to serve openly in the military and allow same-sex marriages.
    (AP, 10/11/09)

2009        Oct 22, More than 8 million people watched British National Party leader Nick Griffin slam Islam as a wicked faith, express his disgust at homosexuals and defend the Ku Klux Klan on its "Question Time" program.
    (AP, 10/23/09)

2009        Oct 25, In Italy 4 policemen were questioned for allegedly attempting to blackmail opposition leader Piero Marrazzo (51). The case centered on widespread media reports that a video shows the center-left politician in the company of a transsexual in a Rome apartment.
    (AP, 10/25/09)

2009        Oct 28, President Barack Obama signed a defense bill into law containing a new provision to pay Taliban fighters who renounce the insurgency. The defense also bill killed some costly weapons projects and expanded war efforts. In a major civil rights change, the law also made it a federal hate crime to assault people based on sexual orientation.
    (Reuters, 10/27/09)(AP, 10/29/09)

2009        Nov 11, The Australian Capital Territory, home to the nation's parliament, became the first Australian region to legalize civil partnership ceremonies for same-sex couples, in a move supporters hoped would spark national momentum.
    (AFP, 11/11/09)

2009        Nov 16, In Argentina 2 men were granted a marriage license in Buenos Aires, breaking ground in a country and region where laws ban gay marriage.
    (AP, 11/17/09)

2009        Nov 13, In Puerto Rico the dismembered body of college student Jorge Steven Lopez Mercado (19) was discovered along a road in the interior town of Cayey. Lopez was widely known as a volunteer for organizations advocating HIV prevention and gay rights. Suspect Juan Martinez Matos (26), was soon arrested and allegedly confessed to killing Lopez and mutilating his body. He was charged with first-degree murder and weapons violations and jailed on $4 million bond.
    (AP, 11/18/09)

2009        Nov 30, An Argentine judge issued an order blocking the continent's first gay marriage scheduled for Dec 1. National Judge Marta Gomez Alsina ordered the wedding blocked until the issue can be considered by the Supreme Court.
    (AP, 12/1/09)

2009        Dec 10, In California the Assembly’s Democratic Caucus selected openly gay Latino Democrat John Perez from Los Angeles as the lower house’s leader. He was expected to be voted in as the 68th Assembly speaker in January.
    (SFC, 12/11/09, p.A1)
2009        Dec 10, Austria’s parliament passed legislation allowing same-sex couples to enter into civil unions. The bill was slated to become law on Jan 1.
    (SFC, 12/11/09, p.A2)

2009        Dec 21, Mexico City lawmakers made the city the first in Latin America to legalize same-sex marriage, a change that will give homosexual couples more rights, including allowing them to adopt children.
    (AP, 12/21/09)

2009        Dec 27, In Malawi officials arrested 2 men for celebrating their engagement to each other in a ceremony on Dec 26. Stevem Monjeza (26) and Tiwonge Chimbalanga (20) were charged with indecency and could get 5 to 14 years in jail if convicted.
    (SFC, 12/30/09, p.A2)(SFC, 1/19/10, p.A2)

2009        Dec 28, In Argentina two men succeeded in becoming Latin America's first same-sex married couple. Gay rights activists Jose Maria Di Bello (41) and Alex Freyre (39) took their civil ceremony to the capital of Argentina's Tierra del Fuego province, where a sympathetic governor backed their bid to make Latin American history.
    (AP, 12/29/09)

2009        Dec 29, Mexico City enacted Latin America's first law recognizing gay marriage and said it hopes to attract same-sex couples from around the world to wed.
    (AP, 12/29/09)

2010        Jan 1, About 15 New Hampshire gay couples braved the cold to exchange vows outside the Statehouse in Concord, as the state joined Connecticut, Iowa, Massachusetts and Vermont in allowing gay marriage.
    (SFC, 1/1/10, p.A5)

2010        Jan 8, Portugal's parliament passed a bill that would make the predominantly Catholic nation the sixth in Europe to permit gay marriage.
    (AP, 1/8/10)

2010        Jan 15, Chinese police in Beijing shut down what would have been the country’s first-ever gay pageant an hour before it was set to begin, highlighting the enduring sensitivity surrounding homosexuality and the struggle by gays to find mainstream acceptance.
    (AP, 1/15/10)

2010        Jan 19, In Cuba Mariela Castro, the daughter of pres. Raul Castro and head of the Center for Sex Education, said Cuba has begun performing state-sponsored sex-change operations. The government had lifted a longtime ban on the procedure in 2007.
    (SFC, 1/20/10, p.A2)

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