Timeline of Disasters and Tragedies

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16 worst since 1000 CE listed at end of file.

65 Million BP    The asteroid that struck Earth wiped out the dinosaurs, about 80% of the world’s plants species and all animals bigger than a cat. In 2002 it also was estimated to have wiped out 55-60% of the plant-eating insects. A high oxygen level may have contributed to a worldwide fire-storm.
    (SFC, 2/25/02, p.A4)(NH, Jul, p.62)

365CE        Jul 21, An earthquake leveled the Egyptian Port of Alexandria and some 50,000 died.
    (MC, 7/21/02)(AM, Mar/Apr 97 p.18)

526CE        May 29, Antioch, Turkey, was struck by an earthquake and about 250,000 died. [see May 20]
    (AM, 11/00, p.69)(SC, 5/29/02)

1190        Mar 17, Crusaders completed the massacre of Jews of York, England.
    (MC, 3/17/02)

1201        Jul 5, An earthquake in Syria and upper Egypt killed some 1.1 million people.
    (www.geohaz.org/member/news/signif.htm)

1219        Jan 16, Floods followed a storm in Northern Netherlands and thousands were killed.
    (MC, 1/16/02)

1287        Dec 14, The Zuider Zee seawall collapsed with the loss of 50,000 lives.
    (MC, 12/14/01)

1456        Dec 5, Earthquake struck Naples and 35,000 died.
    (MC, 12/5/01)

1531        Jan 26, Lisbon was hit by an earthquake and some about 30,000 died.
    (MC, 1/26/02)

1556        Feb 2, The worst earthquake in history devastated China’s Shanxi Province, killing 830,000 people.
    (PCh, 1992, p.190)(www.kepu.ac.cn/english/quake/ruins/rns03.html)

1570        Nov 2, A tidal wave in the North Sea destroyed the sea walls from Holland to Jutland. Over a thousand people are killed.
    (HN, 11/2/98)

1607        Jan 30, A sudden flood around the Bristol Channel in southwest Britain killed at least 2,000 people. It was the worst natural disaster ever recorded in Britain.
    (Econ, 5/5/07, p.101)

1626        Jul 30, An earthquake hit Naples and some 10,000 died.
    (MC, 7/30/02)

1630        Nov 30, 16,000 inhabitants of Venice died this month of plague.
    (MC, 11/30/01)

1648        Jul 22, Some 10,000 Jews of Polannoe were murdered in a massacre led by Cossack Bogdan Chmielnicki (55).
    (PC, 1992, p.241)(MC, 7/22/02)

1669        Mar 11, Mount Etna in Sicily erupted  killing 15,000. [see Mar 25]
    (MC, 3/12/02)

1669        Mar 25, Mount Etna, Sicily, erupted and destroyed Nicolosi, killing 20,000. [see Mar 11]
    (MC, 3/25/02)

1703        Nov 26-27, Heavy storms hit England and 1000s were killed. Bristol, England, was damaged by the hurricane. The Royal Navy lost 15 warships.
    (MC, 11/26/01)

1703        Dec 30, Tokyo was hit by Earthquake and some 37,000 people died.
    (MC, 12/30/01)

1709        Jan 5, Sudden extreme cold killed 1000s of Europeans.
    (MC, 1/5/02)

1737         Sep 19, In India’s Bay of Bengal a cyclone destroyed some 20,000 ships. It was esti-mated that more than 300,000 people died in the densely populated area called the Sundar-bans. Later research indicated the population of Calcutta at the time to be around 20,000. An estimate of the number of deaths was revised down to about 3,000.
    (http://cires.colorado.edu/~bilham/gif_images/1737Calcutta.pdf)

1746        Oct 28, The Peruvian cities of Lima and Callao were demolished by an earthquake. 18,000 died.
    (MC, 10/28/01)

1755        Nov 1, An 8.7 earthquake hit Lisbon, Portugal, and killed some 70,000 people. Heavy damage resulted from ensuing fires and tsunami flooding in Morocco and nearly a quarter of a million people were killed.
    (SFEC, 4/26/98, p.T7)(HN, 11/1/98)(http://neic.usgs.gov/neis/eqlists/eqsmosde.html)

1769        Aug 18, Gunpowder in Brescia, Italy, church exploded and some 3,000 were killed.
    (MC, 8/18/02)

1772        Aug 11, An explosive eruption blew 4,000 feet off Papandayan, Java, and 3,000 people were killed.
    (MC, 8/11/02)

1775        Mar 19, In Italy 4 people were buried by avalanche for 37 days and 3 survived. [not clear if this was the date of the avalanche or the recovery date.]
    (MC, 3/19/02)

1789        Dec, In India’s city of Coringa 3 tidal waves caused by a cyclone destroyed the harbor city at the mouth of the Ganges river. Most ships were sunk and some 20,000 people drowned.
    (www.emergency-management.net/cyclone.htm)

1797        Feb 4, Earthquake in Quito, Ecuador, killed 41,000.
    (MC, 2/4/02)

1800        Mar 17, English warship Queen Charlotte caught fire and 700 people died.
    (MC, 3/17/02)

1804        Mar 29, Thousands of whites were massacred in Haiti.
    (MC, 3/29/02)

1805        Jul 26, Naples and Calabria were struck by an earthquake and some 26,000 died.
    (MC, 7/26/02)

1810        Dec 22, British frigate Minotaur sank killing 480.
    (MC, 12/22/01)

1812        Mar 26, Earthquake destroyed 90% of Caracas; about 20,000 died.
    (SS, 3/26/02)

1815        Apr 5, Mount Tambora on Sumbawa Island, Indonesia, in the Java Sea erupted. One-third of the 13,000 foot mountain was blasted into the air. Some 50,000 islanders were killed and the whole planet was shrouded in a debris of sulfuric droplets.
    (NOHY, 3/90, p.41)(www.britannica.com/eb/article?tocId=9071099)

1835        Feb 20, Concepcion, Chile, was destroyed by earthquake and some 5,000 died.
    (MC, 2/20/02)

1837        Jan 22, An earthquake in southern Syria killed thousands.
    (MC, 1/22/02)

1837        May 9, "Sherrod" burned in Mississippi River below Natchez, Miss., and 175 died.
    (MC, 5/9/02)

1839        Nov, In India’s city Coringa a gigantic 40-foot tidal wave caused by an enormous cy-clone wiped out the harbor city that was never entirely rebuilt; 20,000 vessels in the bay were destroyed and some 300,000 people died.
    (www.emergency-management.net/cyclone.htm)

1840        May 7, A tornado struck Natchez, Miss., and killed 317.
    (MC, 5/7/02)

1841        Sep 9, The Great Lakes steamer "Erie" sank off Silver Creek, NY., and 300 people died.
    (MC, 9/9/01)

1847        Nov 21, Steamer "Phoenix" was lost on Lake Michigan. 200 people were killed.
    (MC, 11/21/01)

1850        Mar 29, Ireland's SS Royal Adelaide sank in storm and 200 people died.
    (MC, 3/29/02)

1850        Sep 22, An earthquake in Sichuan, China, killed some 300,000 people.
    (www.geohaz.org/member/news/signif.htm)

1852        Aug 20, The steamer "Atlantic" collided on Lake Erie with the fishing boat Ogdensburg, and sank. An estimated 150-250 people were drowned.
    (MC, 8/20/02)(Internet)

1853        May 6, The 1st major US rail disaster killed 46 at Norwalk, Connecticut.
    (MC, 5/6/02)

1854        Jan 5, The steamship San Francisco wrecked and 300 died.
    (MC, 1/5/02)

1854        Mar 1, The SS City of Glasgow left Liverpool harbor and was never seen again.
    (SC, 3/1/02)

1854        Apr 15, The immigrant steamer ship "Powchattan" (Powhattan) struck Brigantine Shoals and sank off Long Beach, NY. Over 300 people died.
    (www.maritimeheritage.org/PassLists/js051854.html)

1854        Sep 27, The first great disaster involving an ocean liner in the Atlantic occurred when the steamship Arctic sank off the coast of Newfoundland with 300 people aboard. It had collided in heavy fog with the French ship Vesta.
    (AP, 9/27/97)(Arch, 7/02, p.7)(Arch, 9/02, p.6)

1854        Nov 13, "New Era" sank off New Jersey coast with loss of 300.
    (MC, 11/13/01)

1855        Jan 9, The clipper ship Guiding Star disappeared in Atlantic and 480 died.
    (MC, 1/9/02)

1856        Apr 3, Gunpowder in church exploded killing 4,000 in Rhodes.
    (MC, 4/3/02)

1857        Mar 21, An earthquake hit Tokyo and about 107,000 died.
    (MC, 3/21/02)

1857        Sep 12, A wooden-hulled steamship, the SS Central America under Capt. William L. Herndon, sank off the coast of Georgia. The ship carried 21 tons of gold from California to New York. The brig Marine and the Norwegian bark Ellen rescued some 141 people. 425 (428) of 528 (578) passengers were drowned. The survivors included Ansel Ives Easton (d.1868) and his new wife Adeline. The wreck was in 8,000 feet of water and in 1987-1988 salvage opera-tions were begun by Tommy Thompson. He hauled in $500 million worth of gold bars, coins and nuggets. After a court battle he was awarded 92% of the gold. The story is told in the 1998 book "Ship of Gold in the Deep Blue sea" by Gary Kinder. The loss of the gold sparked "The Panic of 1857." The SS Central America sank off Cape Romain, SC.
    (WSJ, 5/22/98, p.W3)(WSJ, 6/19/98, p.W9)(SFEC, 6/28/98, BR p.3)(WSJ, 12/3/99, p.W16)(WSJ, 1/28/00, p.B1)(ON, 7/01, p.2)(MC, 9/12/01)(Ind, 12/1/01, 5A)

1859        Apr 27, "Pomona" sank in North Atlantic drowning all 400 aboard.
    (MC, 4/27/02)

1863        Dec 8, A Jesuit church in Chile caught fire and 2,500 died in a panic.
    (MC, 12/8/01)

1864        Mar 18, The Dale Dike on Humber River, England, crumbled drowning some 240.
    (MC, 3/18/02)

1864        Oct 5, Calcutta, India, was denuded by a cyclone and some 70,000 people were killed.
    (www.emergency-management.net/cyclone.htm)

1865        Apr 27, The steamer Sultana caught fire and burned after one of its boilers exploded on the Mississippi River near Memphis, Tenn., killing more than 1,400 paroled Union prisoners on their way home. One account reported 1,547 people dead. At least 1,238 of the 2,031 passen-gers, mostly former Union POWs, were killed.
    (AP, 4/27/97)(SFC, 3/13/99, p.E6)(HN, 4/27/99)(MC, 4/27/02)

1865        Jul 30, The worst US steamship disaster occurred. The Brother Jonathon, a paddle wheel steamer, sank off the coast of Northern California near Crescent City. 225 people died after the ship hit a rock near Crescent City. There were 19 survivors. The 220-foot, side-wheeled steamer was on route to Puget Sound and reportedly carried as much as $2 million in gold. In the 1990s Deep Sea Research found and salvaged 1,207 gold coins from the ship. California received 20% of the treasure and the rest was put up for auction in 1999.
    (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brother_Jonathan_%28steamer%29)(SFC, 7/18/96, p.A18)(SFC, 6/10/97, p.A4)(SFC, 4/23/98, p.A6)(SFC, 5/28/99, p.D7)(SSFC, 4/21/02, p.A27)

1866        Jan 11, Steamship London sank in storm off Land's End England and 220 people died.
    (MC, 1/11/02)

1866        Mar 19, The immigrant ship Monarch of the Seas sank in Liverpool; 738 died.
    (MC, 3/19/02)

1869        Sep 6, 110 miners, a number of them young boys, were killed in coal mine disaster which occurred early in the morning in Avondale, Pennsylvania, when a fire broke out in a mineshaft, cutting off the miners' escape route and their only source of air.
    (MC, 9/6/01)

1869        A fire at Yellow Jacket Mine near Virginia City, Nevada, killed 45 people.
    (SFEC, 6/25/00, p.T7)

1870        Jun 5, A fire in Constantinople killed some 900 people.
    (MC, 6/5/02)

1870        Oct 19, The British SS Cambria left for the North Sea coast. 196 were killed.
    (MC, 10/19/01)

1871        Aug 26, The Boston Revere Railroad Depot collision left 32 people dead on a single track railroad with no telegraph communications.
    (THC, 12/2/97)

1871         Oct 8, Around 9 p.m. on Sunday a fire broke out in or near Patrick and Catherine O'Leary's barn in the crowded southwestern section of Chicago. The fire may or may not have been started by the O'Learys' cow kicking over a lantern. Fanned by high winds, the fire burned out of control in the tinder-dry city for more than 24 hours, until rain on Tuesday morning finally extinguished the flames. Three and a half square miles were leveled wiping out one-third of the city. The business district, the courthouse and the central water pumping station, burned to the ground. Thousands of Chicagoans fled the flames over the Randolph Street Bridge. Approxi-mately 250 people were killed in the fire; 98,500 people were left homeless; 17,450 buildings were destroyed. The original Emancipation Proclamation was destroyed. Yet in spite of the devastation, the city was so quickly rebuilt that by 1875, few traces of the fire remained. Evi-dence suggests it was not Mrs. O'Leary's cow that started the blaze.  Many people still believe that Mrs. O'Leary's cow kicked over a lantern which started the fire. The Chicago City Council once passed a resolution exonerating the cow and apologizing to the O'Leary family.
    (HNPD, 10/8/98)(HN, 10/8/98)(MC, 10/8/01)

1871        Oct 8-14, In Peshtigo, Wisc., some 1,500 people were killed in the nation’s worst forest fire, which burned across six counties and into Michigan.
    (WSJ, 9/13/01, p.B11)(WSJ, 8/4/04, p.B1)(SSFC, 9/4/05, p.A7)

1872        At a Memphis warehouse, a cask of molasses burst open on a loading dock and a wall of goo eight feet tall slowly surged downhill toward the Mississippi River. It caught a dozen slow-moving pedestrians unawares.
    (HFA, ‘96, p.71)

1872-1874    More than 4 million buffalo were killed by white hunters.
    (HNPD, 8/21/98)

1873        Apr 1, The British White Star steamship Atlantic, enroute to NYC from Liverpool with 811 passengers under Capt. James Agnew Williams (33), sank off Nova Scotia killing 565 peo-ple, mostly women and children. A court of inquiry suspended Williams for 2 years.
    (ON, 4/03, p.7)

1875        May 7, German SS Schiller sank near Scilly Islands and 312 were killed.
    (MC, 5/7/02)

1875        Nov 4, "Pacific" collided with "Orpheus" off Cape Flattery, Wash., and 236 people died.
    (MC, 11/4/01)

1876        Oct 31, In India’s Megna River Delta a tidal wave caused by a cyclone flooded the river delta and the city of Backergunge. Some areas became covered with 40 feet of water. 100,000 people drowned and another 100,000 were reported to have perished from subsequent dis-eases caused by polluted water.
    (www.emergency-management.net/cyclone.htm)

1876        Dec 5, In NYC a fire in the Brooklyn Theater killed over 300 people. The fire left 295 people trampled or burned to death.
    (WSJ, 9/13/01, p.B11)(MC, 12/5/01)

1876        Dec 29, In the Ashtabula train disaster a Pacific Express, carrying some 159 passen-gers and crew, was traveling over a bridge near Ashtabula, Ohio. Only the first engine of the train made it to the other side at 7:28 p.m. as the bridge began to collapse. The rest of the train broke away and plummeted to the bottom of the ravine below. Approximately 92 men, women and children were killed. The bridge was owned by the Lake Shore and Michigan railroad, and was the joint creation of Charles Collins, Engineer, and Amasa Stone, Chief Architect and De-signer. After testifying before an investigative jury, Charles Collins quietly went home and shot himself in the head. He was also buried in the Chestnut Grove Cemetery, several feet from the mass grave. Amasa Stone (1818-1883) committed suicide approximately 7 years later.  Stone was held partly responsible for the disaster by the same investigative jury before which Collins had testified, and was publicly scorned for many years.
    (http://deadohio.com/AshTrain.htm)

1877-1879    India experienced a devastating famine that left 6-12 million people dead.
    (http://sharpgary.org/1864-1895.html)(Econ, 1/29/05, p.74)

1881        Mar 23, Gas lamp set fire to Nice, France, opera house and 70 died.
    (SS, 3/23/02)

1881        Apr 11, River ferry "Princess Victoria" sank in Thames River, Ontario, and 180 died. [see May 24]
    (MC, 4/11/02)

1881        May 24, Some 200 people died when the Canadian ferry Princess Victoria sank near London, Ontario. [see Apr 11]
    (AP, 5/24/97)

1881        Aug 27, A hurricane hit Florida and the Carolinas; about 700 died.
    (MC, 8/27/01)

1881        Dec 8, Vienna's Ring Theater was destroyed by fire and 640-850 people were killed.
    (MC, 12/8/01)

1881-1919    Some 59 laborers, mostly Chinese immigrants, were killed in explosions at the California Powder Works in Hercules. They were paid 12.5 cents per hour.
    (SFEC, 9/20/98, Z1 p.4)

1882        Jun 6, Cyclone in Arabian Sea (Bombay India) drowned 100,000.
    (MC, 6/6/02)

1883        Jan 13, Fire in circus Ferroni in Berditschoft, Poland, killed 430.
    (MC, 1/13/02)

1883        Jul 3, SS Daphne sank on Clyde River in Scotland and 195 died.
    (MC, 7/3/02)

1883        Jul 28, Shocks, triggered by the volcano Epomeo (Isle of Ischia, Italy), destroyed 1,200 houses at Casamicciola killing 2,000.
    (SC, 7/28/02)

1883        Aug 26, The island volcano Krakatoa in Indonesia began erupting with increasingly large explosions and killed some 36,000 people, both on the island itself and from the resulting 131-foot tidal waves that obliterated 163 villages on the shores of nearby Java and Sumatra. A book by Ian Thornton: "Krakatau: The Destruction and Reassembly of an Island Ecosystem" was published in 1996. [see Aug 27] The history of hundreds of volcanoes is at a Volcano World Web page: (www.volcano.und.nodak.edu/vw.html)
    (AP, 8/26/97)(Nat. Hist, 3/96, p.6)(HN, 8/26/02)

1883        Aug 27, The island volcano Krakatoa erupted; the resulting tidal waves in Indonesia's Sunda Strait claimed some 36,417 lives in Java and Sumatra. In 2003 Simon Winchester au-thored Krakatoa: The Day the World Exploded: Aug 27, 1883." [see Aug 26]
    (AP, 8/27/97)(SSFC, 4/6/03, p.M2)

1884        Feb 19, A series of tornadoes left an estimated 800 people dead in 7 US states (Miss, Ala, NC, SC, Tenn., Ky & In).
    (WSJ, 9/13/01, p.B11)(MC, 2/19/02)

1887        May 25, Gas lamp at Paris Opera caught fire and 200 died.
    (SC, 5/25/02)

1887        China’s Huang Ho (Huang He, Yellow River) flooded and killed about 900,000 people.
    (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_toll)

1888        Mar 11-14, The famous "Blizzard of ‘88" struck the northeastern United States, resulting in some 400 deaths. New York, Boston, Philadelphia and Washington were cut off for days.
    (AP, 3/11/98)(WSJ, 9/13/01, p.B11)(SSFC, 9/4/05, p.A7)

1888        Apr 20, 246 people were reported killed by hail in Moradabad, India.
    (MC, 4/20/02)

1889        May 31, A damn across a tributary of the Little Conemaugh River collapsed under pres-sure from the rain-swollen Lake Conemaugh. Water slammed into Johnstown, Pa., 55 miles southeast of Pittsburgh and killed 2,209 people in a flood and related fire.
    (HFA, '96, p.30)(AHD, p.706)(SFC, 3/24/97, p.C2)
1889        May 31, Johnstown, Pennsylvania was destroyed by a massive flood. The South Fork Dam gave way, sending a wall of water rushing downstream toward Johnstown, Pa. Torrential rains had weakened the poorly constructed dam, located 14 miles upstream from the city. By the afternoon of May 31, after desperate efforts to shore up the earthen dam had failed, it broke and unleashed a 40-foot-high wave of water and debris into Johnstown with the force of Niag-ara Falls. Buildings and trees, along with animals and people--both dead and alive--piled up against the Pennsylvania Railroad Company's Stone Bridge. The mountain of debris then caught fire, trapping hundreds. More than 2,000 people lost their lives in the devastating Johns-town Flood. The South Fork Dam had been constructed to create Lake Conemaugh, a play-ground for the wealthy members of the South Fork Fishing and Hunting Club.
    (AP, 5/31/97)(HN, 5/31/98)

1892        Jan 8, Coal mine explosion killed 100 in McAlister, Okla.
    (HN, 1/8/99)

1893         The Russalka, a 19th century ironclad, Russian vessel sank in the Baltic Sea with 177 sailors aboard. In 2003 it was discovered off the Finnish coast.
    (AP, 7/26/03)

1896        Jun 15, The Meiji Sanriku tsunami struck Japan and caused some 27,000 deaths.
    (CW, Spring ‘99, p.28)(http://eklektikos.org/Science.html)

1898        Nov 26, SS Portland left for Cape Cod. 157 people were killed.
    (MC, 11/26/01)

1900        Sep 8, Some 6,000-8,000 people were killed in Galveston by flying debris, collapsing buildings and drowning. The storm let up around midnight, leaving in its wake $30 million in damage and thousands of bodies. Many of the dead had to be hastily dumped in the ocean for fear of spreading disease. Bishop's Palace in Galveston, Texas, remained standing amid piles of rubble after the island city suffered the greatest natural disaster in U.S. history. By nightfall, winds reached 125 mph and the city was under 15 feet of water. The storm battered Galveston for 18 hours. In 1999 Erik Larson published "Isaac's Storm."
    (AP, 9/8/97)(HNPD, 9/8/98)(SFC, 11/30/98, p.A2)(WSJ, 9/3/99, p.W8)

1901        Feb 22, The steamer Rio de Janeiro piled up on rocks at Fort Point at the bay entrance of San Francisco and some 130 people died. 80 people were rescued, mostly by Italian fishing boats and many of the dead were Chinese immigrants.  The ship was being guided by bar pilot Frederick W. Jordan when it hit submerged rock near Lime Point and 128 of 210 passengers drowned in 300 feet of water.
    (PacDis, Fall/’96, p.14)(SFEC, 2/23/96, z-1 p.5)(SFEC, 12/26/99, p.W2)(SFC, 2/21/01, p.A17)

1902        May 6, British SS Camorta sank off Rangoon and 739 died.
    (MC, 5/6/02)

1902        On the French Island of Martinique in the east W. Indies, the Mt. Pelee volcano blew its top and wiped out the town of St. Pierre. A pyroclastic flow killed  29-40 thousand people.
    (Hem., 12/96, p.30)(SFC, 8/13/01, p.A4)(SFC, 1/19/02, p.A14)

1902        The Soufriere volcano erupted on St. Vincent and 1,680 people were killed.
    (SFC, 1/19/02, p.A14)

1903        Dec 30, The Iraquois Theater Fire of Chicago killed 602 people. Matinee patrons pan-icked despite efforts by comedian Eddie Foy (47) to calm the crowd.
    (HFA, '96, p.70)(AP, 12/30/97)(PCh, 1992, p.652)

1894        Sep 1-2, Forest fires ravaged over 160,000 acres and destroyed Hinckley, Minnesota. About 600 people died.
    (MC, 9/2/01)(WSJ, 9/13/01, p.B11)

1896        May 15, A tornado killed 78 in Texas.
    (MC, 5/15/02)

1896        May 27, 255 people were killed when a tornado struck St. Louis, Mo., and East St. Louis, Ill.
    (AP, 5/27/97)

1904        Jun 15, Some 1,021 people died when fire erupted aboard the steamboat General Slocum in New York City’s East River.
    (AP, 6/15/97)(www.newyorkhistory.info)

1905        Feb 8, A cyclone hit Tahiti and adjacent islands killing some 10,000 people.
    (MC, 2/8/02)

1906        Mar 10, A coal dust explosion killed 1,060 at Courrieres, France.
    (MC, 3/10/02)

1907        Feb 11, The passenger ship Larchmont was steaming through a winter storm in heavy seas, 4 miles southwest of Watch Hill, Rhode Island when she was rammed by the coal carry-ing schooner Harry P. Knowles, which had drifted off course in the blizzard. The Larchmont sank in 10 minutes and only 19 men including the captain, George McVey survived the ordeal.
    (http://rhodeisland-philatelic.com/rhodeisland/postcard120.htm)

1907        Feb 12, Bodies continued to wash ashore from the steamer Larchmont, which had col-lided the previous with a schooner off New England's Block Island. The vessel's quartermaster, James E. Staples, claimed a loss of 332.
    (AP, 2/12/98)

1907        Dec 6, Worst mining disaster in American history took place in West Virginia's Marion County. An explosion at a mine owned by the Fairmont Coal Company in Monongah killed 361 coal miners.
    (MC, 12/6/01)

1907        Dec 19, A gas explosion killed 239 workers in a coal mine in Jacobs Creek, Pa.
    (AP, 12/19/97)(MC, 12/19/01)

1907        A great cantilever bridge collapsed in Quebec killing 75 workers.
    (MT, Summer/04, p.7)

1908        Mar 8, Collingwood Elementary in Cleveland burned. 173 kids and 2 teachers were killed.
    (MC, 3/8/02)

1908        Apr 12, Fire left 17,000 homeless in Chelsea, Massachusetts.
    (MC, 4/12/02)

1908        Dec 28, Some 70,000-100,000 people died in the Messina earthquake in Sicily. The government hired a number of steamships, including the Florida, to ship survivors to America.
    (WUD, 1994, p.899)(WSJ, 2/8/99, p.A21)(http://neic.usgs.gov/neis/eqlists/eqsmosde.html)

1909        Jul 26, The SS Waratah left Durban, South Africa, with 211 passengers and crew. The steamship, enroute from Melbourne to London, was due in Cape Town 3 days later, but never arrived.
    (Econ, 9/19/09, p.94)

1910        Mar 1, The worst snow slide in US history buried 3 passenger trains at Steven's Pass in the Cascade Range and 118 died.
    (SC, 3/1/02)

1910        Dec 21, Explosion in coal mine in Hulton, England killed 344 mine workers.
    (MC, 12/21/01)

1911        Mar 25, The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire killed 146 immigrant workers. 13 girls sur-vived the fire that broke out on the top three floors of the 10-story New York’s Asch Building as the workday was ending. No one knows what caused the fire, but it spread quickly, fueled by the fabric scraps and sewing machine oil used in the manufacture women’s blouses. The three avenues of escape were almost immediately clogged with panicked workers, mostly young im-migrant women. Then, to the horror of spectators seven stories below, the desperate women began to jump to their deaths. Appalled by the tragedy, the New York State legislature formed a commission whose findings led to the creation of new fire and building codes that were soon adopted in cities throughout America.
    (HNPD, 3/25/00)(SFC, 4/27/98, p.A8)(SFC, 2/24/99, p.C4)(AP, 3/23/08)

1911        In the Philippines the Taal volcano erupted and 1,335 people were killed.
    (SFC, 1/19/02, p.A14)

1912        Mar 5, Spanish steamer "Principe de Asturias" sank NE of Spain and 500 died.
    (MC, 3/5/02)

1912        Apr 8, Steamers collided in Nile, drowning 200.
    (MC, 4/8/02)

1912        Apr 15, At 2:20 a.m., two hours and 40 minutes after impact, the luxury liner RMS Ti-tanic sank in the North Atlantic Ocean off Newfoundland with the loss of about 1,522 lives. About 1,500 [1517] people died. Because there were lifeboats for only half those on board, only 705 passengers and crew survived the disaster. Among the survivors was J. Bruce Ismay, president of the White Star Line, who telegraphed his New York office, "Deeply regret advise you Titanic sank this morning after collision with iceberg, resulting in serious loss of life. Full particulars later." Nearly a third of the passengers died. The ship’s band played the waltz “Songe d’Automne” as it sank. The accident killed 1,523 [1503] people and 705 survived. By 1996 only 8 were still alive. Nearly 60% of the first-class passengers survived. There were 214 staff members of the 685 survivors. It was later discovered that Harland & Wolff, the ship’s builder, had used a lower quality rivet on the ship that likely contributed to the rapid sinking. The last night on the ship was described by Rick Archbold and Dana McCauley in their book: “Last Dinner on the Titanic.” The steamer Carpathia rescued 705 of the 2,358 people onboard. Prof. Steven Biel of Brandeis Univ. wrote “A Cultural History of the Titanic” in 1997.
    (AP, 4/15/97)(SFC, 7/5/96, PM, p.16)(SFC, 9/22/96, Par p.25)(WSJ, 4/9/97, p.A1)(SFC, 4/14/97, p.E8)(SFC, 4/19/97, p.A3)(SFEC,12/797, DB p.37)(SFC, 4/15/08, p.A6)

1913        Feb 9-18, The 10 Day Tragedy of Mexico City when 3,000 died.
    (MC, 2/9/02)

1913        Nov 9, Storm "Freshwater Fury" sank 8 ore-carriers on Great Lakes.
    (MC, 11/9/01)

1914        Apr 28,  At Eccles, WV, 181 died in coal mine collapse.
    (MC, 4/28/02)

1914        May 29, The Canadian ship Empress of Ireland sank while enroute to Quebec City to Liverpool after colliding with the Norwegian coal freighter Storstad. 1,012 (1,024) of the 1,500 passengers and crew were killed. The site of the tragedy was proclaimed a protected historic and archeological site by Quebec in 1999.
    (SFC, 4/23/99, p.D3)(SC, 5/29/02)

1915        Jan 13, An earthquake in Avezzano, Italy, killed 29,800.
    (MC, 1/13/02)

1915        Jan 18, A train derailed on a steep incline at Colima-Guadalajara, Mexico, and some 600 people were killed.
    (MC, 1/18/02)(http://www.emergency-management.net/pass_train.htm)

1915        May 7, In the 2nd year of WWI, the British Cunard ocean liner Lusitania, on a voyage from New York to Liverpool, sank off the coast of Ireland in only 18-21 minutes after being struck by a torpedo fired by the German U-boat U-20. Of 1,959 [1,978] passengers and crew, 1,195 died. Of the fatalities, 123 were Americans. Even though the Germans maintained the liner was carrying arms purchased in America to Britain, the sinking of a passenger ship aroused intense anger against the German policy of unrestricted submarine warfare and has-tened America's entrance into the war. In 2002 Diana Preston authored "Lusitania: An Epic Tragedy" and David Ramsay authored "Lusitania: Saga and Myth."
    (CFA, '96, p.46)(AP, 5/7/97)(HN, 5/7/98)(HNPD, 5/7/99)(HN, 5/7/99)(WSJ, 5/8/02, p.AD9)

1915        May 22, Near Gretna, Scotland, a passenger train collided with a troop train, killing 227 people.
    (SFC, 6/4/98, p.A15)(AP, 2/18/04)

1915        Jul 24, Excursion ship Eastland capsized in Lake Michigan and 852 die.
    (MC, 7/24/02)

1916        Aug 29, Transport ship Hsin-Yu & cruiser Hai-Yung collided and 1000 people were killed.
    (MC, 8/29/01)

1916        Dec 12, Worst train disaster ever took place in Modane, France, 543 French Soldiers were killed.
    (MC, 12/12/01)

1917        Jan 19, Silvertown Essex's ammunition factory exploded and 300 died.
    (MC, 1/19/02)

1917        Feb 20, Ammunitions ship exploded in Archangel harbor, Russia, and about 1,500 died.
    (MC, 2/20/02)

1917        Mar 23, A 4 day series of tornadoes killed 211 in Midwest US.
    (SS, 3/23/02)

1917        Jul 9, British warship "Vanguard" exploded at Scapa Flow killing 804.
    (MC, 7/9/02)

1917        Dec 6, In Nova Scotia some 2000 people were killed and thousands wounded following an explosion in Halifax harbor. The Imo, a Norwegian freighter ship, had collided with the French munitions ship Mont Blanc and a fire soon caused a massive explosion. A local court found Captain Le Medec of the Mont Blanc and other defendants guilty of the collision. Can-ada’s Supreme Court ruled that the captains of both ships were equally to blame. A Privy Council in London ruled that Le Medec had done nothing illegal.
    (EWH, 4th ed, p.1054)(ON, 7/05, p.7)

1917         Dec 12, In Modane, France, a troop train derailed near the entrance of Mt. Cenis tunnel and 543 people were killed.
    (SFC, 6/4/98, p.A15)(AP, 2/18/04)

1918        Apr 13, Electrical fire killed 38 mental patients at Oklahoma State Hospital.
    (MC, 4/13/02)

1918        May 18, A TNT explosion in chemical factory in Oakdale, PA, killed 200.
    (SC, 5/18/02)

1918        Jul 9, 101 people were killed as an inbound local train collided with an outbound express in Nashville, Tenn.
    (AP, 7/9/97)

1918        Jul 12, A Japanese battleship exploded in the Bay of Tokayama and some 500 people were killed.
    (MC, 7/12/02)

1918        Nov 1, 102 died in a NYC BMT subway derailment at Malbone Street Brooklyn.
    (MC, 11/1/01)

1919        Jan 5, In Boston an explosion opened a tank of molasses and the cylindrical sides top-pled outward knocking down 10 nearby buildings. 2 million gallons of molasses oozed onto the streets and killed 21 people. Another 50 were injured. [see 1872]
    (SFC, 12/5/98, p.E4)

1919        May 1, The Kelut volcano erupted and 5,110 people were killed. Mount Kelud (Indone-sia) erupted and a boiling crater lake broke through the crater wall killing 5,000 people in 104 small villages.
    (SFC, 1/19/02, p.A14)(MC, 5/1/02)

1920        Dec 16, In China an 8.6 earthquake in the northwestern provinces of Gansu and Shanxi caused massive landslides and the deaths of 100,000- 200,000 people.
    (SFC, 1/800, p.A8)(www.ig.utexas.edu/research/projects/eq/faq/world.htm)

1921        Feb 19, The U.S. Red Cross reported that approximately 20,000 children died yearly in auto accidents.
    (HN, 2/19/98)

1921        Mar 18, Steamer "Hong Koh" ran aground off Swatow China killing 1,000.
    (MC, 3/18/02)

1921        Sep 21, In Oppau, Germany, an explosion at the Bradishe Aniline chemical works, a ni-trate manufacturing plant, destroyed the plant and a nearby village with 561 deaths and over 1500 persons injured.
    (HSAB, 1994, p.46)(MC, 9/21/01)

1922        Feb 21, Airship Rome exploded at Hampton Roads, Virginia, and 34 died.
    (MC, 2/21/02)

1922        Aug 2, China was hit by a typhoon and some 60,000 died.
    (MC, 8/2/02)

1923        Sep 1, The Japanese cities of Tokyo and Yokohama were devastated by the Great Kanto earthquake that claimed 99,000-143,000 lives. The 7.9-8.3 quake off Tokyo's shoreline killed some 99,300 people.
    (AP, 9/1/97)(www.ig.utexas.edu/research/projects/eq/faq/world.htm)

1924        Mar 8, Coal mine explosion killed 171 at Castle Gate, Utah.
    (MC, 3/8/02)

1924        Jun 28, A tornado struck Sandusky & Lorain, Ohio, killing 93.
    (MC, 6/28/02)

1925        Mar 18, The great Tri-State Tornado killed 695 people in Illinois, Indiana and Missouri and injured some 13,000 people, and causing $17 million in property damage.
    (WSJ, 9/13/01, p.B11)(SSFC, 5/11/03, Par p.A11)

1927        Jan 9, Fire in Laurier Palace cinema in Montreal killed 78 children.
    (MC, 1/9/02)

1927        Feb 17, The death toll reached 24 with some 3,000 left homeless after a fierce storm hit the Pacific Coast.
    (SFC, 2/15/02, p.G8)

1927        May 6, The was a major flood along the Mississippi that killed 247 people and displaced thousands. The levee system broke in 145 places and caused 27,000 square miles of flooding in Arkansas, Illinois, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi and Tennessee. In 1997 the book "Rising Tide" by John M. Barry described the catastrophe. It was also the subject of the Randy New-man song "Louisiana 1927."
    (WSJ, 2/6/97, p.A12)(SFC, 11/28/03, p.C7)(SSFC, 9/4/05, p.A7)

1928        Mar 12, The 3-year-old St. Francis dam collapsed and some 450 people were killed in Santa Paula, Ventura County, Ca.
    (SFC, 9/22/01, p.A3)(PCh, 1992, p.791)

1928        May 19, "Firedamp" exploded in a Mather, Pennsylvania, coal mine killing 195 of 273 miners.
    (DTnet, 5/19/97)

1928        Aug 27, 16 people died in NYC’s 2nd worst subway accident.
    (MC, 8/27/01)

1928        Sep 12, A hurricane in Florida killed 6,000 people.
    (MC, 9/12/01)

1929        May 15, Fire in X-ray film stock killed 125 at Crile Clinic, Cleveland.
    (MC, 5/15/02)

1930        Apr 21, A fire at Ohio State Penitentiary killed 322.
    (MC, 4/21/02)

1930        Nov 25, An earthquake in Shizouka, Japan, killed 187.
    (HN, 11/25/98)

1931        Jul-Nov, The Huang He River (Huang Ho, Yellow River) in China flooded more than 40,000 sq. miles and more than a million people were killed.
    (HFA, '96, p.71)(http://socialstudiesforkids.com/articles/geography/huangheriver.htm)

1932        Dec 16, An 8.6 earthquake ravaged Kansu, China. Some 70,000 were killed. [see Dec 26]
    (MC, 12/16/01)

1932        Dec 26, Some 70,000 were killed in a massive earthquake in Kansu, China. [see Dec 16]
    (HN, 12/26/98)(MC, 12/26/01)

1933        Dec 24, A Paris express train derailed and killed 160. Some 300 were injured.
    (MC, 12/24/01)

1934        Sep 7-8, The luxury liner "Morro Castle," enroute from Havana to NYC, caught fire and ran aground at Asbury Park, NJ. 134 people were killed. [see Sep 8]
    (www.jerseyboardwalk.com/morro.htm)

1934        Sep 8, 134 people lost their lives in a fire aboard the liner Morro Castle off the New Jer-sey coast. The crew of the cruise ship let a small blaze get out of control and commandeered most of the spots in the lifeboats. Only 15 passengers survived as compared to 119 crew. 124 people died. The event was part of a 1999 TV documentary "Escape, Because Accident Hap-pen" for a NOVA miniseries. [see Sep 7]
    (AP, 9/8/97)(WSJ, 2/8/99, p.A21)

1935        Sep 2, A hurricane slammed into the Florida Keys, claiming more than 400 lives. Esti-mates of the dead reached 500-800. Some 260 WW I veterans were killed in the Labor Day hurricane as well as over 160 permanent residents.
    (HC, 9/29/04)(WSJ, 4/2/07, p.B1)(AP, 9/2/07)

1936        Apr 5, Tupelo, Mississippi, was virtually annihilated by a tornado and 216 died.
    (MC, 4/5/02)

1936        Apr 6, A tornado killed 203 and injures 1,800 in Gainesville, Georgia.
    (MC, 4/6/02)

1937        Mar 18, Some 300 people, mostly children, were killed in a gas explosion at a school in New London, Texas.
    (AP, 3/18/08)

1937        Mar 24, A bus blew a tire, went out of control and 18 people were killed in Salem, Illi-nois.
    (MC, 3/24/02)

1938        Mar 2, Landslides and floods cause over 200 deaths in Los Angeles, CA.
    (SC, 3/2/02)

1939        Dec 22, 99 died in 2nd train wreck at Friedrichshafen, Germany.
    (MC, 12/22/01)
1939        Dec 22, 125 died in train wreck at Magdeburg, Germany.
    (MC, 12/22/01)

1939        In Erzincan, Turkey, an earthquake killed 30,000 people.
    (SFEC, 8/22/99, p.A17)

1940        Mar 14, A truck full of migrant workers collided with a train outside McAllen, Texas. 27 people were killed and 15 injured.
    (MC, 3/14/02)

1940        Apr 23, Some 198 people died in a dance-hall fire in Natchez, Miss.
    (AP, 4/23/97)(MC, 4/23/02)

1940        Nov 11, Blizzard struck midwestern US killing over 100.
    (MC, 11/11/01)

1941        Mar 15, A blizzard in North Dakota killed 151.
    (MC, 3/15/02)

1941        May 25, Some 5,000 drowned in a storm at Ganges Delta region in India.
    (SC, 5/25/02)

1942        Mar 26, 20 tons of gelignite killed 21 in a stone quarry in Easton, PA.
    (SS, 3/26/02)

1942        Apr 27, Tornado destroyed Pryor, Oklahoma, killing 100 and injuring 300.
    (MC, 4/27/02)

1942        Jul 28, Nazis liquidated 10,000 Jews in Minsk, Russia.
    (SC, 7/28/02)

1942        Oct 16, In India a cyclone devastated Bengal and about 40,000 lives were lost.
.    (www.emergency-management.net/cyclone.htm)

1942        Nov 28, 491 people died in a fire that destroyed the Cocoanut Grove nightclub in Bos-ton. The cause of the fire was never officially determined, though many blamed a busboy who had survived the blaze.
    (AP, 11/28/97)(DT net, 11/28/97)

1943        Mar 31, US errantly bombed Rotterdam, killed 326.
    (MC, 3/31/02)

1944         Jan 16, In Leon Province, Spain, train wrecks in the Torro Tunnel killed more than 500 people.
    (AP, 2/18/04)(SFC, 6/4/98, p.A15)

1944        Mar 2, In Salerno, Italy, fumes from a locomotive stalled in a tunnel suffocated 521 peo-ple.
    (SFC, 6/4/98, p.A15)(AP, 2/18/04)

1944        May 21, In Hawaii the tank landing ship LST-353 exploded at West Loch while handling ammunition. In a short space of time, six LSTs were so damaged that they sank. Two others were severely damaged. The total casualties from the tragedy were 163 dead and 396 injured.
    (www.nps.gov/archive/usar/scrs/scrs2z.htm)

1944        Jul 6, In Hartford, Conn., 168 people died when fire broke out in the main tent of the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus. In 2000 Stewart O’Nan authored "The Circus Fire: A True Story."
    (AP, 7/6/04)(SFEC, 8/20/00, BR p.3)

1944        Aug 23, A US B-24 crashed into a school in Freckelton, England, and 76 were killed.
    (MC, 8/23/02)

1945        Mar 10, Some 300 American B-29s bombed Tokyo at night with almost 2,000 tons of incendiaries killing 100,000.
    (HN, 3/10/98)(MC, 3/10/02)

1945        May 3, German ship "Cap Arcona" sank and 5,800 were killed.
    (MC, 5/3/02)

1945        Nov 8, A riverboat sank off Hong Kong and 1,550 were killed.
    (MC, 11/8/01)

1946        Apr 1, An Aleutian Islands earthquake triggered a Pacific-wide tsunami that killed 165 people and caused over $26 million in damage. Tidal waves struck the Hawaiian islands, result-ing in more than 170 deaths. 91 people were killed in Hilo.
    (AP, 4/1/98)(Ind, 6/8/02, 5A)(SSFC, 8/25/02, p.C14)

1946        Apr 25, A train crash at Napierville, Illinois, killed 45-48. The "Exposition Flyer" was rammed.
    (SS, 4/25/02)

1946        Aug 16, A riot in Calcutta left some 3-4,000 Moslems and Hindus dead.
    (MC, 8/16/02)

1946        Nov 23, French Navy fire in Haiphong, Vietnam, killed 6,000.
    (MC, 11/23/01)

1946        Dec 7, A fire broke out at the Winecoff Hotel in Atlanta, Georgia, killing 119 people, in-cluding hotel founder W. Frank Winecoff.
    (AP, 12/7/04)

1947        Mar 25, A coal mine explosion in Centralia, Ill., claimed 111 lives.
    (AP, 3/25/97)

1947        Apr 9, A series of tornadoes struck Kansas, West Texas and Oklahoma. 181 were killed and some 1,300 injured.
    (AP, 4/9/08)

1947        Apr 16, The French ship Grandcamp, carrying ammonium nitrate fertilizer, caught fire and blew up, devastating Texas City, Texas. It was America's worst harbor explosion. Another ship, the Highflyer, exploded the following day. The final death toll was 576, and more than 3,000 Texas City residents were left homeless. Property damage ran into  the millions.
    (SFC, 5/4/96, p.E-4)(AP, 4/16/97)(HNPD, 4/17/00)

1947        Aug 18, Naval torpedo and mine factory exploded at Cadiz, Spain, killing 300.
    (MC, 8/18/02)

1948        Jul 28, In Ludwigshafen, Germany, a vapor explosion from dimethyl ether left 209 peo-ple dead.
    (HSAB, 1994, p.46)

1948        Oct 6, A 7.3 earthquake hit Ashgebat, Turkeminstan, and killed an estimated 110,000 people. Stalinist media at the time claimed only 35,000 deaths.
    (http://neic.usgs.gov/neis/eqlists/eqsmosde.html)

1948        Dec 3, Chinese refugee ship "Kiangya" exploded in East China Sea killing 1,100. [see Dec 4]
    (MC, 12/3/01)

1948        Dec 4, SS Kiangya hit a mine in Whangpoo River, China. It sank and 2,750 were killed. [see Dec 3]
    (MC, 12/4/01)

1949        Apr 5, The 60 year old St. Anthony's Hospital burned and killed 77 in Effingham, Ill.
    (MC, 4/5/02)

1949        Oct 22, In Dwor, Poland, the Danzig-Warsaw express derailed and more than 200 peo-ple were killed.
    (SFC, 6/4/98, p.A15)(AP, 2/18/04)

1949        Nov 29, Uranium mine explosions in East Germany killed 3,700.
    (MC, 11/29/01)

1950        Feb 17, 31 people died in a train crash in Rockville Center,  NY.
    (MC, 2/17/02)

1950        Sep 4, A heavy typhoon struck Japan and killed about 250 people.
    (MC, 9/4/01)

1950        Nov 22, 79 died in a train crash in Richmond Hills, NY.
    (MC, 11/22/01)

1951        Aug 6, Typhoon floods killed 4,800 in Manchuria.
    (MC, 8/6/02)

1951        Dec 4, Superheated gases rolled down Mount Catarman (Philippines), killing 500.
    (MC, 12/4/01)

1951        In Papua New Guinea the Lamington volcano erupted and 2,942 people were killed.
    (SFC, 1/19/02, p.A14)

1952        Apr 26, US minesweeper "Hobson" rammed the aircraft carrier "Wasp," and 176 were killed.
    (MC, 4/26/02)

1952        Dec 5-8, A  4-day London smog killed 4,703 people. Oxides of sulfur and other irritants from coal smoke were blamed. [see Dec 4]
    (PCh, 1992, p.937)(MC, 12/5/01)

1953        May 11, A tornado his downtown Waco, Texas, killing 114 people with 597 injured.
    (SSFC, 5/11/03, Par p.11)

1953        Jun 8, A killer tornado hit Flint, Mich. It killed 116 people and injured more than 850 in Ohio and Michigan.
    (SSFC, 5/11/03, Par p.A11)(Hartford Courant, 6/9/63, p.23A)

1953        Jun 9, About 100 people died when a tornado struck Worcester, Mass. The tornado from the Midwest roared into Massachusetts. By the time it left, 94 people were dead, and more than $58 million in property damage occurred. It was the worst tornado in New England history.
    (AP, 6/9/97)(http://tinyurl.com/yg8dhcd)

1953        Dec 24, 2 speeding express trains crashed head-on killing 103 in Czechoslovakia.
    (MC, 12/24/01)
1953        Dec 24, 2 speeding express trains crashed head-on killing 103 in Czechoslovakia.
    (MC, 12/24/01)

1954        Jan 12, Austria's worst avalanche killed 200. 9hrs later a 2nd one killed 115.
    (MC, 1/12/02)

1954        Oct 15, Hurricane Hazel struck US and Canada and 348 people died. 81 people were killed in Ontario where damages were estimated at $24 million.
    (AP, 10/16/04)

1955        Apr 3, In Guadalajara, Mexico, a night train plunged into a canyon and some 300 people were killed.
    (SFC, 6/4/98, p.A15)(AP, 2/18/04)

1955        Aug 17, Hurricane Diane followed hurricane Connie and flooded the Connecticut River killing 190 and doing $1.8 billion in damage.
    (SC, 8/17/02)

1956        May 26, Aircraft carrier "Bennington" burned off RI, killing 103.
    (MC, 5/26/02)

1956        Jul 7, Seven Army trucks loaded with dynamite exploded in middle of Cali, Columbia, killing 1,100-1,200. 2000 buildings were destroyed.
    (MC, 7/7/02)

1956        Jul 25, 51 people died when the Italian luxury liner Andrea Doria sank after colliding with the Swedish ship Stockholm in 200 feet of water 50 miles southeast of Nantucket Island, Mass. The Dorea was headed from Genoa, Italy, to NY.
    (TOH, 1982, p.1956)(WSJ, 5/30/97, p.A1)(AP, 7/25/97)(SFC, 1/1/99, p.A16) (SFC, 7/30/99, p.D5)

1957        Jul 14, Soviet steamer "Eshghbad" sank in Caspian Sea and 270 drowned.
    (MC, 7/14/02)

1957        Sep 29, In Montgomery, West Pakistan (later renamed to Sahiwal, Pakistan), an ex-press train collided with stationary oil train and 250 people were killed.
    (SFC, 6/4/98, p.A15)(AP, 2/18/04)

1958        Sep 15, A commuter train crashed through a drawbridge, killing 48 in Newark, NJ.
    (http://www.emergency-management.net/traincrash.htm)

1958        Dec 1, In Chicago Our Lady of Angels School burned. 92 students and 3 nuns were killed.
    (MC, 12/1/01)

1959        May 8, A 3-deck Nile excursion steamer sprang a leak panicking passengers who cap-sized  the ship. 200 drowned just yards from shore.
    (MC, 5/8/02)

1960        Jan 22, The Johnburg coal mine caved in and 417 die.
    (MC, 1/22/02)

1960        Mar 28, In Glasgow, Scotland, a factory exploded burying 20 fire fighters.
    (MC, 3/28/02)

1960        Jul 14, Fire raging through a Guatemala City, Guatemala, insane asylum and 225 were killed with 300 severely injured.
    (MC, 7/14/02)

1960        Oct 10, A cyclone and tidal wave hit the Gulf of Bengal and killed about 6,000 in East Pakistan.
    (www.emergency-management.net/cyclone.htm)

1960        Nov 13, Fire in movie theater killed 152 children in Amude, Spain.
    (MC, 11/13/01)

1962        Mar 16, US Lockheed Super-Constellation disappeared above Pacific Ocean and 167 were killed.
    (MC, 3/16/02)

1963        Mar 17, Eruptions of Mount Agung volcano on Bali killed 1,900 Balinese. The Agung eruption killed 1,184 people.
    (SFC, 1/19/02, p.A14)(MC, 3/17/02)

1963        Apr 10, The USS Thresher nuclear-powered submarine failed to surface 220 miles east of Boston, Mass., in a disaster that claimed 129 lives.
    (AP, 4/9/97)(MC, 4/10/02)

1963        May 20-23, In East Pakistan a cyclone killed about 22,000 along coast of the Bay of Bengal.
    (www.emergency-management.net/cyclone.htm)

1963        May 28, An estimated 22,000 died in another cyclone in Bay of Bengal, India.
    (MC, 5/28/02)

1963        Jul 26, Skopje, Yugoslavia, was destroyed by earthquake and over 1,000 were killed.
    (MC, 7/26/02)

1963        Sep 9, In Italy a landslide into Vaiont Dam emptied a lake and killed 3-4,000 people. [see Oct 9]
    (MC, 9/9/01)

1963        Oct 4-1963 Oct 8, Hurricane Flora, killed some 7-8,000 people in Cuba and Haiti.
    (SFC, 11/30/98, p.A2)

1963        Nov 23, Sixty-three elderly people, most of them sleeping, were killed by a fire destroy-ing the one-story Golden Age Nursing Home near Fitchville, Ohio.
    (AP, 11/23/02)

1963        Dec 8, Three fuel tanks exploded when a jetliner, struck by lightning, crashed near Elk-ton, Maryland. 81 people died. This was the only case of a lightning caused crash.
    (MC, 12/8/01)

1964        Sep 12, Typhoon Gloria struck Taiwan killing 330, with $17.5 million damage.
    (MC, 9/12/01)

1964        In Vietnam a major flood killed 10,000 people.
    (SFC, 11/8/99, p.A12)

1965        Mar 1, Gas explosion killed 28 in apartment complex at La Salle, Quebec, Canada.
    (SC, 3/1/02)

1965        Apr 11, A series of tornados left 256 people dead in the US Midwest.
    (WSJ, 9/13/01, p.B11)

1965        May 11-12, In East Pakistan a cyclone killed some 12,000.
    (www.emergency-management.net/cyclone.htm)

1965        Jun 1-2, The 2nd of 2 cyclones in less than a month killed 35,000 along the Ganges River in East Pakistan.
    (www.emergency-management.net/cyclone.htm)

1965        Dec 15, In Karachi, Pakistan, a cyclone killed about 10,000.
    (www.emergency-management.net/cyclone.htm)

1966        Jan 11, In Brazil 550 died in landslides in mountains behind Rio de Janeiro after rain.
    (MC, 1/11/02)

1966        Jan 29, A snow storm in north east US killed 165.
    (MC, 1/29/02)

1966        Mar 3, A twister hit Jackson, MS, just 3 minutes after 1st sighting and 57 were killed.
    (SC, 3/3/02)

1966        Mar 5, 75 MPH air currents caused a BOAC 707 to crash into Mount Fuji and 124 died.
    (MC, 3/5/02)

1966        Aug 19, An earthquake struck Varko, Turkey, and some 2,400 were killed.
    (MC, 8/19/02)

1966        Nov 4, In Florence, Italy the River Arno overflowed and damaged the Uffizi Gallery. Whole libraries of valuable ancient documents were soaked. 113 people were killed.
    (WSJ, 10/29/96, p.A21)(SFC, 4/6/01, p.D4)(MC, 11/4/01)

1967        Oct 12, In India a massive cyclone struck the rural Orissa state consisting of small vil-lages. Basically all life (human and animal) and each structure was wiped out; the precise num-ber of fatalities and destruction is unknown.
    (www.emergency-management.net/cyclone.htm)

1967        Nov 26, Cloudburst over Lisbon killed 450.
    (MC, 11/26/01)

1968        Mar 10, A ferry boat sank in harbor of Wellington, NZ, and 200 were killed.
    (MC, 3/10/02)

1968        Apr 6, Gunpowder stocks at a sporting-goods store exploded and 43 were killed in Va.
    (MC, 4/6/02)

1968        May 27, The US nuclear submarine Scorpion was lost.
    (MC, 5/27/02)

1969        Apr 14, Tornado struck Dacca in East Pakistan killing 540.
    (MC, 4/14/02)

1969        Aug 17, 248 people were killed as Hurricane Camille slammed into the Gulf Coast.
    (AP, 8/17/97)

1970        Feb 1, In Buenos Aires, Argentina, an express train rammed stationary commuter train and 236 people were killed.
    (SFC, 6/4/98, p.A15)(AP, 2/18/04)

1970        Feb 24, 29 Swiss Army officers died in avalanche at Reckingen, Switzerland.
    (MC, 2/24/02)

1970        May 31, A 7.7 slab earthquake and debris flow in Peru killed 67,000, injured 50,000 and destroyed 186,000 buildings.
    (AP, 5/31/97)(http://landslides.usgs.gov/html_files/landslides/slides/slide5.htm)

1970        Nov 1, A discotheque in Grenoble, France, burned. All exits were padlocked and 142 died.
    (MC, 11/1/01)

1970        Nov 13, The Bhola Cyclone killed an estimated 300,000 in East Pakistan (Bangladesh). The highest loss of life and destruction occurred on the low lying islands of the Ganges Delta south of Dhaka. In particular the island and district of Bhola, where casualties may have ex-ceeded 100,000 alone, with the towns of Charfasson and Tazumuddin being devastated. The city of Chittagong was also badly affected. The official death toll was put at 150,000, with 100,000 people missing. However many estimates put the true figure as high as 500,000.
    (SFEC, 9/5/04, p.6)(http://banglapedia.search.com.bd/HT/C_0397.htm)

1971        Feb 21, A series of tornadoes cut through Miss and La killing 117.
    (MC, 2/21/02)

1971        Aug 20-21, In Vietnam heavy rains flooded the Red River delta and some 100,000 peo-ple were killed.
    (www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0001440.html)

1971        Sep 29, In India a cyclone and tidal wave off Bay of Bengal killed as many as 10,000 in Orissa state.
    (www.emergency-management.net/cyclone.htm)

1972        May 13,  In Osaka, Japan, 118 died in a nightclub atop the 7-story Sennichi dept store.
    (http://shippai.jst.go.jp/en/Detail?fn=0&id=CD1000133)

1972        Oct 6, In Saltillo, Mexico, a 22-car train carrying 2,000 religious pilgrims derailed and caught fire. 208 people were killed.
    (SFC, 6/4/98, p.A15)(AP, 2/18/04)

1972        Dec 29, Eastern Tri-Star Jumbo Jet crashed near Everglades killing 101.
    (MC, 12/29/01)

1972        The Tutsi-led government in Burundi killed some 100,000 Hutus.
    (SFC, 8/31/99, p.A14)(SSFC, 4/7/02, p.A19)

1973        Jan 10, An empty liquefied natural gas (LNG) tank in Bloomfield on Staten Island ex-ploded and 40 workers were killed.
    (www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~nyrichmo/history.shtml)

1973        Aug 2, A flash fire killed 51 at the Summerland leisure center on the Isle of Man, UK.
    (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summerland_disaster)

1974        Apr 3, A series of 148 deadly tornadoes struck wide parts of the South and Midwest be-fore jumping across the border into Canada; some 330 people were killed in 13 states (Ala-bama, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, Mississippi, North Carolina, Ohio, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. Total property damage was estimated at $600 million.
    (AP, 4/3/99)(WSJ, 9/13/01, p.B11)(SSFC, 9/4/05, p.A7)

1974        Aug 30, In Yugoslavia an express train ran full speed into a Zagreb, Croatia, rail yard killing 152.
    (www.cmj.hr/2001/42/6/12.htm)

1974        Aug, Monsoon floods ravaged Bangladesh and some 2,500 were killed.
    (http://library.thinkquest.org/C003603/english/flooding/casestudies.shtml#49)

1974        Sep 18, Hurricane Fifi struck Honduras with 110 mph winds and killed about 8,000. The hurricane made landfall as a Category 2 storm in Belize on the next day, and continued through Guatemala and Mexico as a tropical system. After weakening to a depression, Fifi emerged into the Pacific Ocean, becoming the first crossover storm since Hurricane Irene-Olivia in 1971.
    (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Fifi-Orlene)

1974        Dec 25, Cyclone Tracy reduced 90% of Darwin, Australia, to rubble. 65 people died in-cluding 49 in the city and 16 at sea.
    (SFEC, 9/10/00, p.T10)(www.emergency-management.net/cyclone.htm)

1975        Feb 28, A London subway train smashed into the end of a tunnel at Moorgate Under-ground station and 43 people were killed.
    (AP, 1/23/06)

1975        Aug 7, In China a dam collapse in Henan province killed tens of thousands of people. The event was covered up for many years. A typhoon from the South China Sea brought three successive days of enormous rain storms to the area of southern Henan Province. Altogether 62 dams failed in one night, including two major dams. As a result of this catastrophe 85,600 people died according to the official government figures but others place the toll at 230 thou-sand.
    (WSJ, 8/29/07, p.A12)(www.sjsu.edu/faculty/watkins/3gorges.htm)

1975        Dec 28, An earthquake in Pakistan killed some 4,000 people.
    (MC, 12/28/01)

1976        Jun 5, The Teton Dam in Idaho burst catastrophically and water blasted through a nar-row canyon and onto Sugar City. It released nearly 300,000 acre feet of water, then flooded farmland and towns downstream with the eventual loss of 14 lives, directly or indirectly, and with a cost estimated to be nearly $1 billion.
    (AP, 6/5/00)(www.geol.ucsb.edu/faculty/sylvester/Teton%20Dam/welcome_dam.html)

1976        Jul 28, In China a 7.8-8.2 earthquake in the northern city of Tangshan killed at least 242,000 people. This was reported as the deadliest earthquake in the last 100 years.
    (AP, 7/28/97)(http://history1900s.about.com/od/horribledisasters/a/tangshan.htm)

1976        Dec 25, 100 Moslems, returning from a pilgrimage to Mecca, died when their boat, the Egyptian SS Patria, sank in the Red Sea.
    (HN, 12/25/98)(MC, 12/25/01)

1977        May 18, A nightclub fire in Cincinnati killed 164.
    (SC, 5/18/02)

1977        May 28, 165 people were killed when fire raced through the Beverly Hills Supper Club in Southgate, Ky.
    (AP, 5/28/97)

1977        Jul 20, A flash flood hit Johnstown, Pa., killing more than 80 people and causing $350 million worth of damage.
    (AP, 7/20/08)

1977        Nov 6, 39 people were killed when an earthen dam burst, sending a wall of water through Toccoa Falls Bible College in Georgia.
    (AP, 11/6/97)

1977        Nov 19, A cyclone and tidal wave hit Andhra Pradesh, India. Entire villages were sub-merged by tidal waves with an estimated 10-20 thousand people killed.
    (www.emergency-management.net/cyclone.htm)(SFC, 11/1/99, p.A11)(AP, 11/21/02)

1977        Dec 22, Three dozen people were killed when a 250-foot-high grain elevator at the Con-tinental Grain Co. plant in Westwego, La., exploded.
    (AP, 12/22/97)

1978        Apr 16, A tornado struck in Orissa, India, and killed 500-600 people.
    (WUD, 1994, p.1691)

1978        Apr 27, In West Virginia 51 construction workers plunged to their deaths when a scaffold inside a cooling tower at the nuclear Pleasants Power Station on Willow Island fell 168 feet to the ground.
    (AP, 4/27/98)(MC, 4/27/02)

1978        Jul 11, 216 people were killed at a camping site when a tanker truck overfilled with pro-pylene gas exploded on a coastal highway south of Tarragona, Spain.
    (WUD, 1994, p.1691)(AP, 7/11/97)

1978        Nov 5, Floods in Tamil Nadu and Kerala, India, killed 125 people.
    (WUD, 1994, p.1691)

1979        Aug 30, Hurricane David devastated the tiny Caribbean island of Dominica as it began a rampage through the Caribbean and up the eastern seaboard of the United States that claimed some 1,100 lives.
    (AP, 8/30/97)

1980        Mar 27, 137 workers died when a North Sea floating oil field platform, the Alexander I. Keilland, capsized during a storm.
    (AP, 3/27/02)

1980        May 9, 35 motorists were killed when a Liberian freighter rammed the Sunshine Skyway Bridge over Tampa Bay in Florida, causing a 1,400-foot section of the bridge to collapse.
    (AP, 5/9/97)

1980        May 20, Fire in nursing home in Kingston, Jamaica, killed 157.
    (MC, 5/20/02)

1980        Nov 21, 87 people died in a fire at the MGM Grand Hotel-Casino in Las Vegas, Nev.
    (AP, 11/21/97)

1980        Nov 23, In Europe's biggest earthquake since 1915, 3,000 were killed in Italy. Some 4,800 people were killed by a series of earthquakes that devastated southern Italy.
    (WSJ, 6/17/96, p.A12)(TMC, 1994, p.1980)(AP, 11/23/97) (HN, 11/23/98)

1981        Jun 6, In Bihar, India, a train crashed after a bridge collapsed in flash floods during the monsoon and some 400-800 people were killed in what was reportedly world's worst train disas-ter.
    (SFC, 6/4/98, p.A15)(SFC, 8/3/99, p.A8)(AP, 4/23/04)

1982        Jul 18, In Guatemala soldiers and paramilitary troops massacred 267 people in the re-mote hamlet of Plan de Sanchez. In 2001 local communities filed genocide charges against  congressional head Efrain Rios Montt, who was the dictator at the time of the massacre.
    (SFC, 6/6/01, p.C3)

1983        May 25, Fire in Nassermeer, Egypt, killed 357.
    (SC, 5/25/02)

1983        Nov 27, 183 people were killed when a Colombian Avianca Airlines Boeing 747 crashed near Madrid's Barajas airport.
    (AP, 11/27/97)

1984        Nov 19, Near Mexico City, Mexico, 5 million liters of liquefied butane exploded at a stor-age facility with more than 400 deaths.
    (HSAB, 1994, p.46)

1984        Dec 3, More than 4,000 people died and 200,000 were injured after a gas escaped from a pesticide plant operated by a Union Carbide subsidiary in Bhopal, India. 40 tons of vaporous methyl isocyanate, hydrogen cyanide, monomethyl amine, carbon monoxide and possibly 20 other chemicals were released after an explosion. Over the years, according to the Indian gov-ernment, some 15,000 people have died from effects of the gas.
    (WSJ, 11/27/96, p.A1)(HN, 12/3/98)(SFEC, 3/5/00, p.A23)(AP, 12/3/04)

1985        Jan 13, An express train derailed in Ethiopia and killed at least 428.
    (MC, 1/13/02)

1985        May 11, More than 50 people died when a flash fire swept a jam-packed soccer stadium in Bradford, England.
    (AP, 5/11/97)

1985        May 25, A cyclone ravaged the Meghna River delta of Bangladesh. Some 10,000 people and 500,000 head of cattle died; hundreds of thousands were left homeless.
    (www.emergency-management.net/cyclone.htm)

1985        May 31, 41 tornadoes hit the Northeast US, killing 88.
    (MC, 5/31/02)

1985        Nov 6, In Columbia some 35 leftist M-19 rebels took over the Palace of Justice. A mili-tary raid to liberate hostages held by M-19 guerrillas at the Supreme Court followed and cost more than 100 lives, including 11 Supreme Court justices and all 30 guerrillas.
    (WSJ, 1/3/97, p.A6)(WSJ, 1/8/97, p.A12)(SFEC, 4/20/98, p.A8)

1985        Nov 13, Some 23,000 residents of Armero, Colombia, died when a mudslide, triggered by the Nevado del Ruiz volcano, buried the city under 30 feet of mud.
    (PacDisc. Spring/’96, p.27)(AP, 11/13/97)(SFEC, 7/12/98, p.A22)

1986        Apr 14, Double-decker ferry sank in stormy weather in Bangladesh killing 200.
    (MC, 4/14/02)

1986        May 25, Ferry boat Shamia sank on Maghna River in Bangladesh and some 600 were killed.
    (SC, 5/25/02)

1986        Aug 21, In Cameroon 1,746 people died when toxic gas, an invisible bubble of CO2, erupted [seeped out] from a volcano under Lake Nyos. Venting of the lake began in 2001.
    (AP, 8/21/97)(WSJ, 11/17/97, p.B1)(SFC, 8/14/99, p.A6)(SC, 8/21/02)(AP, 2/15/03)

1986        Aug 31, The Soviet passenger ship Admiral Nakhimov collided with a merchant vessel in the Black Sea, causing both vessels to sink; up to 448 people reportedly died.
    (AP, 8/31/97)

1987        Mar 6, The British ferry Herald of Free Enterprise capsized in the Channel off the coast of Belgium. At least 26 were dead. 189 (192) people died when a British ferry capsized off the Belgian port of Zeebrugge.
    (HN, 3/6/98)(AP, 3/6/98)(MC, 3/6/02)

1987        May 23, Rescue workers and survivors searched through the rubble of a killer tornado in Saragosa, Texas, that had claimed 30 lives. Texas Gov. Bill Clements expressed his sorrow, and pledged all possible help.
    (AP, 5/23/97)

1987        Nov 26, Powerful typhoon whipped across Philippines, killing 270 people and damaging or destroying 14,000 homes.
    (AP, 11/26/02)

1987        Dec 20, More than 3,000 people were killed when the Dona Paz, a Philippine passenger ship, collided with the tanker Vector off Mindoro island, setting off a double explosion. 4386 died.
    (AP, 12/20/97)(MC, 12/20/01)

1988        Feb 20, Some 500 people died in heavy rains in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
    (MC, 2/20/02)

1988        May 14, Twenty-seven people, most of them teen-agers, were killed when their church bus collided with a pickup truck going the wrong way on a highway near Carrollton, Ky. The driver of the truck, Larry Mahoney, was convicted of manslaughter and sentenced to 16 years' imprisonment.
    (AP, 5/14/98)

1988        Jul 6, A series of explosions and fires destroyed the Piper Alpha North Sea oil drilling platform. 167 North Sea oil workers were killed.
    (AP, 7/6/98)(SFC, 8/9/04, p.B6)

1988        Aug 28, Seventy [33] people were killed when three Italian stunt planes collided during an air show at the U.S. Air Base in Ramstein, West Germany, sending flaming debris into the crowd of spectators.
    (AP, 8/28/98)(RTH, 8/28/99)

1988        Sep 12, Hurricane Gilbert, called the storm of the century, smashed into the Gulf coast. It slammed into Jamaica with torrential rains and winds of 145 mph, killing 45 people and caus-ing damage estimated at up to $1 billion. It also devastated the Yucatan peninsula and left 225 people dead.
    (NOHY, 3/90, p.181)(AP, 9/12/97)(SFC, 10/10/97, p.A15)

1988        Dec 1, 596 were killed after a cyclone hit Bangladesh. Half a million were left homeless.
    (MC, 12/1/01)

1988        Dec 7, A magnitude 6.9-8.0 earthquake devastated Spitak in northern Armenia; an es-timated 25,000 people died with some $14 billion in losses.
    (AP, 12/7/97)(AP, 6/22/02)(www.who.int/archives/inf-pr-1997/en/pr97-08.html)

1988        Dec 14, Sixty more survivors were pulled from rubble of earthquake that rocked Arme-nia.
    (AP, 12/14/02)

1988         In Bangladesh monsoon floods left over 3,000 dead this year.
    (SFC, 8/13/02, p.A15)

1989        Apr 7, A Soviet nuclear-powered submarine, the Komsomolets, caught fire and sank in the Norwegian Sea, claiming 42 of 69 lives.
    (AP, 4/7/99)(SFC, 8/14/00, p.A13)

1989        Apr 15, 95 people died in a crush of soccer fans at Hillsborough Stadium in Sheffield, England.
    (AP, 4/15/97)

1989        Apr 27, A hurricane in Bangladesh killed 500.
    (MC, 4/27/02)

1989        Jun 3, An explosion of a liquefied gas pipeline engulfed two Trans-Siberian Railroad trains parked outside the Central Asian city of Ufa in the Soviet Union. 575 people were killed.
    (AP, 4/23/04)

1989        Nov 27, 107 people were killed when a bomb blamed by police on drug traffickers de-stroyed a Colombian jetliner minutes after takeoff from Bogota's international airport.
    (AP, 11/27/99)

1990        Jan 4, In Sindh Province, Pakistan, an overcrowded 16-car passenger train collided with standing freight train and more than 210 people were killed.
    (SFC, 6/4/98, p.A15)(AP, 2/18/04)

1990        Mar 25, Eighty-seven people, most of them Honduran and Dominican immigrants, were killed when an arson fire raced through the illegal Happy Land Social Club in New York City. Ju-lio Gonzalez, 36, was charged with arson and murder.
    (AP, 3/25/97)(SFC, 3/31/99, p.A3)(MC, 3/25/02)

1990        Jul 16, 1600 die in a 7.7 earthquake in Philippines.
    (MC, 7/16/02)

1990        Dec 22, Twenty-one sailors returning from shore leave to the aircraft carrier USS "Sara-toga" drowned when the Israeli ferry they were traveling on capsized.
    (AP, 12/22/00)

1990-2001    Over 1,000 Jammu-Kashmir civilians were killed by land mines over this period along with nearly 9,000 injuries.
    (SSFC, 1/13/02, p.A18)

1991        Apr 26, Twenty-three people were killed as four dozen tornadoes raked Kansas and Oklahoma.
    (AP, 4/26/01)

1991        Apr 29, Cyclone struck Bangladesh. [see Apr 30]
    (MC, 4/29/02)
1991        Apr 29, More than 100 people were killed and some 100,000 were left homeless when a strong earthquake struck Soviet Georgia.
    (AP, 4/29/01)

1991        Apr 30-31, A cyclone in Bangladesh killed an estimated 131,000 people. 9 million were left homeless. Thousands of survivors died from hunger and water borne disease.
    (AP, 4/30/97)(SFC, 5/19/97, p.A13)(www.emergency-management.net/cyclone.htm)

1991        May 14, Forty-two people were killed in a train collision in western Japan.
    (AP, 5/14/01)

1991        Jun 15, In the Philippines Mount Pinatubo (4,750 feet high) erupted. Due to early warn-ing 56,000 people were evacuated and only 450 people died. The eruption forced the closure of Clark Air Force Base in Angeles City and displaced hundreds of families of the Aeta tribe. [see June 1,12]
    (PacDisc. Spring/’96, p.27)(SSFC, 11/11/01, p.F4)

1991        Nov 5, Nearly 7,000 people were killed in floods in the Philippines.
    (AP, 11/5/01)

1991        Dec 28, Nine people died in a crush to get into a basketball game at City College in New York. The game was promoted by rapper Sean "Puff Daddy" Combs. Combs later testified that security at the Nat Holman facility was supposed to be provided by NYCC.
    (AP, 12/28/97)(SFC, 3/24/98, p.A3)

1992        Mar 3, An underground coal mine explosion in Kozlu, (Zonguldak), Turkey, claimed 270 lives.
    (AP, 3/3/02)(SC, 3/3/02)

1992        Mar 8, Ninety people were killed when a ferry carrying pilgrims to a Buddhist shrine col-lided with an oil tanker in the Gulf of Thailand.
    (AP, 3/8/02)

1992        Mar 13, 570 died in a Turkish earthquake.
    (MC, 3/13/02)

1992        Aug 31, A dynamite explosion in Philippines mine killed 500 people.
    (MC, 8/31/01)

1993        Feb 17, A ferry carrying up to 1,500 people sank off Haiti; only 285 people were known to have survived.
    (AP, 2/17/98)

1993        May 10, At least 188 workers were killed in a doll factory fire in Bangkok, Thailand.
    (AP, 5/10/98)

1994        Feb 5, Sixty-eight people were killed when a mortar shell exploded in a marketplace in Sarajevo, Bosnia-Herzegovina.
    (WSJ, 6/11/96, p.A14)(SFC,10/16/97, p.A12)(AP, 2/5/99)

1994        Apr 13, President guard at Kigali Rwanda, chopped 1,200 church members to death.
    (MC, 4/13/02)

1994        Apr 22, In Butare gasoline was used to set ablaze a building where 500 Tutsis were hid-ing. In 2001 Benedictine Sister Maria Kisito stood trial in Belgium for providing the gasoline. 7,000 Tutsi's were slaughtered in stadium of Kibuye, Rwanda.
    (SFC, 4/18/01, p.A12)(MC, 4/22/02)

1994        Apr 29, Ferry boat smashed into Mombasa Harbor, Kenya, and over 300 were killed.
    (MC, 4/29/02)

1994        Sep 22, In Tolunda, Angola, faulty brakes caused a train to plunge into a ravine and some 300 people were killed.
    (SFC, 6/4/98, p.A15)(AP, 2/18/04)

1994        Sep 28, More than 900 (909) people died when the ferry Estonia capsized and sank off the Finnish coast in the Baltic sea. 852 people of 989 onboard were killed. In 1999 evidence was reported that 3 explosive devices had been placed on the ship's visor-like bow door.
    (AP, 9/28/99)(SFC, 12/31/99, p.A16)(MC, 9/28/01)

1994        Nov 14, Heavy rains and flooding from Tropical Storm Gordon swept across Haiti, killing several hundred people.
    (AP, 11/14/99)

1995        Apr 22, In Africa, Rwandan government troops killed thousands of Hutu refugees in Kibeho. The Tutsi-led government troops cleared a huge refugee camp that they said was full of Hutu extremists. Human rights officials said that at least 4,000 Hutus were killed, many shot, and many trampled. Tutsi officers involved received only token punishments.
    (SFC, 4/8/99, p.C3)(HN, 4/22/99)(SFC, 4/8/02, p.A6)

1995         Aug 20, In Firozabad, India, a speeding passenger train crashed into a train that had stalled after hitting a cow and some 358 people were killed.
    (SFC, 6/4/98, p.A15)(SFC, 8/3/99, p.A8)(AP, 8/20/00)

1995        Dec 14, Heavy fighting erupts in Gudermes, Chechnya, when rebels disrupted Kremlin-imposed elections. At least 267 Chechen civilians were reported killed in the following 10 days.
    (AP, 12/14/02)

1995        Dec 26, Floods in eastern South Africa killed at least 130.
    (WSJ, 12/27/95, p. A-1)

1996        Jan 8, A Russian-made Antonov-32 skidded into a crowded marketplace shortly after take-off in Kinshasa in Zaire (Congo) and killed at least 350 people. The twin-turboprop was owned by African Air and was overweight when it took off. At least 470 people were injured.
    (WSJ, 1/9/96, p.A-1) (SFC, 5/12/96, p.A-14)(WSJ, 11/13/01, p.A14)

1996        Mar 19, A fire at a Quezon City nightclub in the Philippines killed at least 149 young peo-ple celebrating the end of their school year.
    (WSJ, 3/19/96, p.A-1)

1996        Apr 2, More than 100 Haitians died when a ferry sank.
    (WSJ, 4/3/96, p.A-1)

1996        May 23, In Bangladesh as many as 77 people were feared drowned in a sunken ferry after a collision on the Jamuna River. More than 50 ferries have sunk since 1981 killing more than 1,000 people.
    (SFC, 5/25/96, p.A11)

1996        Jul 19, In China the Yangtze River threatened to burst its banks. Workers used 500 tons of rice in sacks to fill gaps in the banks. Millions were left homeless and 716 were reported dead.
    (SFC, 7/20/96, p.A8)

1996        Jul 27, A ship carrying 69 people sank in the Indian Ocean off the Comoro islands near the island of Mwali. 5 survivors were found.
    (WSJ, 7/29/96, p.A1)

1996        Nov 6, In India cyclone 07B struck Andhra Pradesh state. [see Nov 7]
    (www.emergency-management.net/cyclone.htm)

1996        Nov 7, In India cyclone 07B killed some 2000 in Andhra Pradesh state. Damage was estimated at $1.5 billion.
    (WSJ, 11/8/96, p.A1)(SFC, 11/12/96, p.A11)(www.emergency-management.net/cyclone.htm)

1996        Nov 19, Fourteen people were killed when a commuter plane collided with a private plane at Baldwin Municipal Airport in Quincy, Ill.
    (SFC, 11/20/96, p.A4)(AP, 11/19/97)

1996        Nov 20, In Hong Kong a fire raged in the 16-story Garley Building and 39 people died.
    (SFC, 11/21/96, p.C3)(SFC, 11/22/96, p.A22)(AP, 11/20/97)

1996        Nov 21, Thirty-three people were killed, and more than 100 injured, when an explosion blamed on leaking gas ripped through a six-story building in San Juan, Puerto Rico.
    (AP, 11/21/97)

1996        Nov 23, An Ethiopian Boeing 767 airliner crashed into the Indian ocean near Grand Co-more Island. It had been hijacked after takeoff from Addis Ababa and ran out of fuel under hi-jacker demands to fly to Australia. 125 of 175 people died. The plane was destined for the Ivory Coast with stops along the way.
    (SFEC, 11/24/96, p.A1,10)(SFC, 11/26/96, p.B3)(AP, 11/23/97)

1996        Dec 22, Eight workers were killed in an explosion at the Wyman Gordon Forgings metal-fabricating plant in northwest Houston. They had been doing maintenance on 9-story pressur-ized tanks.
    (SFC, 12/24/96, p.A3)(AP, 12/22/97)

1996        Dec 25, In Malaysia tropical storm Greg killed at least 163 people in the northern Borneo state of Sabah.
    (WSJ, 12/27/96, p.A1)(SFC, 12/30/96, p.A8)
1996        Dec 25, Some 280 migrants form India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka were suspected of hav-ing drowned in the Mediterranean while being transshipped in the Malta-Sicily channel.
    (SFEC, 1/5/97, p.A13)

1997        Feb 18, In Peru at least 33 people were killed and a hundred were missing after an An-dean mountain collapsed and buried the villages of Choch and Pumaranra near Abancay. Total killed reached 250-300. Only 50 bodies were recovered.
    (SFC, 2/19/97, p.A11)(SFC, 2/25/97, p.a14)

1997        Feb 23, In eastern India A fire in Baripada killed 190 worshippers at the 46th annual fes-tival in honor of the late Swami Nigamananda.
    (SFC, 2/24/97, p.A10)(SFC, 2/25/97, p.a14)(AP, 2/23/98)

1997        May 13, In the Congo rebel troops reached Wendji and Mbandaka and proceeded to kill Hutu refugees. Estimates of deaths varied from 550-2000.
    (WSJ, 6/6/97, p.A11)(SFC, 9/23/97, p.A11)

1997        May 18-19, In Bangladesh a cyclone pounded the country and 50,000 people were evacuated from the flat coastal region. 350 [67] [112] people were reported killed.
    (SFC, 5/19/97, p.A13)(SFC, 5/20/97, p.A12)(SFC, 5/21/97, p.A8)(SFC, 5/22/97, p.A3)

1997        Jul 11, In Thailand a kitchen fire went out of control at the 450-room Royal Jomtien Ho-tel in Pattaya and killed 90 people with 64 injured.
    (SFC, 7/12/97, p.A10)(WSJ, 7/11/97, p.A12)

1997        Nov 6, In Cuba a train-bus crash killed at least 56 people at Urbano Rey in the eastern sugar province of Holguin.
    (WSJ, 11/7/97, p.A1)

1998        Feb 3, A US surveillance aircraft cut a ski cable in Italy and caused the death of 20 ski-ers in a gondola cable car running from Cavalese to the Alpe Cermis. The EA-6B aircraft was normally used for patrols over Bosnia and was only slightly damaged. Lt. Col. Steven Watters was later relieved of command for telling crew members of a related squadron to destroy evi-dence in the investigation. The pilot did not have Italian military maps that identified the ski lift. Four crewmen were later charged by the Marine Corps with negligent homicide, involuntary manslaughter and dereliction of duty. The pilot and navigator faced trial for manslaughter. Pilot Richard J. Ashby was acquitted of all charges in 1999. Navigator Joseph Schweitzer was ac-quitted of manslaughter and negligent homicide charges. Schweitzer later pleaded guilty to ob-struction and conspiracy charges for destroying a videotape made during the flight. The tape indicated that the plane had been flying upside down. Schweitzer was sentenced to dismissal from the Marine Corps. Capt. Ashby (32) was found guilty of obstruction of justice and conspir-acy in May, 1999 and was sentenced to 6 months in prison and dismissed from the Marine Corps. Families of the victims settled for $2 million apiece in 2000.
    (SFC, 2/4/98, p.A7)(SFC, 2/11/98, p.A11)(SFC, 2/19/98, p.B10)(SFC, 3/27/98, p.A14)(SFC, 7/11/98, p.A2)(SFC, 3/5/99, p.A1)(WSJ, 3/16/99, p.A1)(WSJ, 3/30/99, p.A1)(SFC, 4/3/99, p.A3)(SFC, 5/1/99, p.A4)(SFC, 5/8/99, p.A4)(SFC, 5/11/99, p.A4)(SFC, 4/26/00, p.A4)

1998        Feb 23, In Florida 6-10 tornadoes killed forty-two people. Some 2,600 homes and busi-nesses damaged or destroyed, by tornadoes in Seminole, Osceola, Orange, Brevard and Volu-sia counties Florida.
    (SFC, 2/24/98, p.A1)(WSJ, 2/24/98, p.A1)(AP, 2/23/99)

1998        Mar 22, In Miles Township, Pa., 11 students were killed in a cabin fire while on a camp-ing trip.
    (SFC, 3/23/98, p.A2)(AP, 3/22/99)

1998        Mar 24, In India a tornado killed 105 people and some 500 were missing. At least 80 died in the Midnapore district of West Bengal state and some 1,100 were injured. At least 200 people were killed and thousands injured from a tornado in West Bengal and Orissa states.
    (SFC, 3/25/98, p.C3)(SFC, 3/28/98, p.A5)

1998        Mar 26, In Kenya a fire at a school near Mombasa killed 25 teenage girls in their dormi-tory.
    (WSJ, 3/26/98, p.A1)

1998        Apr 4, In the Ukraine a gas explosion at the Skochinsky coal mine outside Donetsk killed 63 men.
    (SFEC, 4/5/98, p.A20)(AP, 4/4/08)

1998        May 15, Trapped in blazing shopping malls, hundreds of looters burned to death in riot-ing that laid smoking waste to Indonesia's capital, Jakarta.
    (AP, 5/15/99)

1998        Jul 17, In Papua New Guinea a tidal wave followed a 7.0 earthquake at the Solomon Islands and killed at 2,500-3,000 people. The villages of Malol, Arop, Otto, Warupu and Sissano were turned into barren strips of sand.
    (SFC, 7/18/98, p.A10)(SFEC, 7/20/98, p.A1)(SFC, 8/4/99, p.A10)

1998        Jul 18, Residents along the northern coast of Papua New Guinea were left reeling after a 23-foot-high tidal wave hit the night before, killing an estimated 3,000.
    (AP, 7/18/99)

1998        Aug 7, In China the death toll from the summer floods passed 2,000 and the Jingjiang flood plain was ordered evacuated.
    (SFC, 8/8/98, p.A14)

1998        Aug 26, In China the government revised its death toll from the floods to over 3,000 [4,150] people.
    (SFC, 8/27/98, p.a14)(SFC, 8/6/99, p.A12)

1998        Nov 2, The death toll from Hurricane Mitch continued to rise with 174 killed in El Salva-dor, 100 in Guatemala, 0ver 1,500 in Nicaragua and over 5,500 in Honduras. Central American officials estimated more than 7,000 people had died in floods and mudslides triggered by Hurri-cane Mitch.
    (SFC, 11/3/98, p.A1,11)(AP, 11/2/99)

1998        Nov 5, The death toll from Hurricane Mitch was reduced to 6,076 in Honduras and in-creased to 4,000 in Nicaragua. Aid of $66 mil was ordered from the US, $8 mil from the EU, $11.6 mil from Spain along with pledges from other countries and private organizations.
    (SFC, 11/6/98, p.A14)

1998        Nov 17, In Angola renewed fighting had created some 331,000 refugees since April.
    (WSJ, 11/18/98, p.A1)

1998        Nov 23, An Arctic cold wave was reported to have killed 71 people across Europe over the last 3 days. 36 deaths were in Poland and 24 in Romania and Bulgaria.
    (SFC, 11/24/98, p.A14)

1998        Nov 26, In the Punjab state of India a passenger train derailed near Khanna in the path of an express train in the northwest and at least 108 [211] people were killed.
    (SFC, 11/26/98, p.B5)(WSJ, 11/27/98, p.A1)(AP, 11/26/99)

1998        Dec 3, In the Philippines a fire burned the Catholic Bahay Kalinga orphanage in Manila and at least 28 people were killed including 23 children.
    (SFC, 12/3/98, p.A21)(WSJ, 12/4/98, p.A1)

1998        Dec 25, In Lima, Peru, a tear gas bomb caused a stampede in a disco and 9 young people, 13-21, were crushed to death. The bomb was said to have been thrown by members of a youth gang.
    (SFC, 12/26/98, p.A14)

1999        Mar 24, In the 7-mile Mt. Blanc tunnel between France and Italy a fire killed 4 people with smoke a burning truck transporting flour. The death toll was raised to 9 with 24 injured. The fire was extinguished after 3 days and the death toll rose to 35. Identification of the remains of at least 40 people began Mar 28. Thirty-nine people were killed when fire erupted in the Mont Blanc tunnel in France and burned for two days. It re-opened in 2002.
    (WSJ, 3/25/99, p.A1)(SFC, 3/26/99, p.A14)(SFC, 3/27/99, p.A10)(SFC, 3/29/99, p.A8)(AP, 3/24/00)(SSFC, 3/17/02, p.C4)

1999        Apr 27, A NATO bomb missed a targeted army barracks and killed at 20 people, half of them children, in a residential area of Surdulica, Serbia.
    (SFC, 4/28/99, p.A10)(SFC, 4/28/99, p.A14)

1999        May 30, In Belarus at least 54 people, mostly teen-age girls, were killed in a stampede near an underground passageway in Minsk as they left a concert by a local beer company due to a sudden heavy rain.
    (SFC, 5/31/99, p.A10)

1999        Aug 2, In India the Brahmputra Mail train from Gauhati collided with the Awadh-Assam Express from New Delhi at Gaisan Station. Over 285 people were killed and a 1000 injured. A faulty switch was suspected.
     (SFC, 8/3/99, p.A8)(SFC, 8/4/99, p.A9)(SFC, 8/5/99, p.A14)(AP, 2/18/04)

1999        Sep 20, In Taiwan a 7.6 earthquake killed an estimated 2,161 people and injured over 3,500. 2,600 people were believed to be buried alive. Aftershocks the next day registered at 6.8 and 100,000 people were homeless.
    (SFC, 9/21/99, p.A1)(SFC, 9/22/99, p.A1)(WSJ, 9/22/99, p.A1)(WSJ, 9/22/99, p.A1) (http://nisee.berkeley.edu/taiwan/)

1999        Oct 29, In eastern India hundreds of people in Orissa state and the Bay of Bengal re-gion were feared dead from 05B, the 2nd cyclone in 2 weeks. The number of dead was esti-mated to reach 3,000 and 1.5 million people were homeless. The official dead toll reached 924 on Nov 4. At least 8,000 people were killed around the port city of Paradeep, where the storm made first landfall. The death toll was predicted to climb past 10,000. 9,813 death were re-corded and the government stopped free rice distribution after about 3 weeks.
    (SFC, 10/30/99, p.A14)(SFC, 11/1/99, p.A11)(SFC, 11/5/99, p.D4)(SFC, 11/6/99, p.A24)(SFC, 11/10/99, p.A11)(SFC, 11/25/99, p.D6)

1999        Nov 12, In Turkey a 7.2 [7.1] earthquake was centered at Duzce and 549 [834] people were killed and 3000 injured. Damage from the last 2 quakes was later estimated at $10-25 bil-lion.
    (SFC, 11/13/99, p.A1)(SFEC, 11/14/99, p.A1)(SFC, 11/15/99, p.A14)(WSJ, 11/17/99, p.A1)(SFC, 4/28/00, p.D6)(AP, 11/12/00)

1999        Nov 19, In Hyderabad, India (Reuters), an outbreak of Japanese encephalitis has killed 133 people, all of them children, in the southern Indian state of Andhra Pradesh, health officials said after reporting 10 new deaths.
    (Excite, 11/20/99)

1999        Nov 25, The Chinese ferry, Dashun, with 312 passengers caught fire and sank in stormy seas on the Bohai Strait near Yantai in Shandong province. Only 22 passengers were rescued. [see Nov 24]
    (SFC, 11/26/99, p.A1)(WSJ, 11/26/99, p.A1)(SFC, 11/27/99, p.A14)

1999        Dec 26, In Europe heavy winds and rain killed at least 79 people with 44 dead in France, 17 dead in Germany and 13 dead in Switzerland. A 2nd storm hit a day later. Damages from the storms were later estimated to be at least $4 billion with 90 people dead. The storms destroyed an estimated 400 million trees across France.
    (SFC, 12/27/99, p.A12)(WSJ, 12/27/99, p.A1)(SFC, 12/28/99, p.A8)(SFC, 1/4/00, p.A11)(SFC, 1/15/00, p.A1)

2000        May 13, In the Netherlands a fireworks depot exploded in Enschede and 20 people were killed with 589 injured. An estimated 100 tons of fireworks exploded and flattened some 400 houses.
    (SFEC, 5/14/00, p.A12)(SFC, 5/15/00, p.A13)

2000        Nov 5, In Nigeria at least 96 people were killed when an oil tanker truck slammed into a line of parked vehicles at a police check point between Ife and Ibadan.
    (SFC, 11/7/00, p.B2)

2000        Nov 11, In Austria a fire consumed a train in an Alpine tunnel at Kitzsteinhorn mountain near Kaprun. 155 people, mostly children and teenagers, were killed.
    (SFEC, 11/12/00, p.A1)(WSJ, 11/15/00, p.A1)(WSJ, 11/16/00, p.A1)

2000        Nov 17, In South Africa 11 workers died from a fire while apparently locked in a floor polish factory in Lenasia.
    (SFEC, 11/19/00, p.C16)

2000        Nov 25, In Bangladesh 52 people were killed in a fire at the Chowdhury Knitwear Gar-ments factory at Shibpur.
    (SSFC, 11/26/00, p.D9)(SSFC, 4/15/01, p.D1)

2000        Dec 25, In central China as many as 309 young people were killed at an unlicensed disco fire in Louyang city.
    (SFC, 12/26/00, p.C6)(AP, 12/25/01)

2001        Mar 6, In Nigeria 30 girls died from a fire at the Gindiri Girls School in Jos. They were reportedly locked in for the night so as not to mix with boys.
    (WSJ, 3/8/01, p.A1)

2001        Apr 5, Dutch driver Perry Wacker was convicted of manslaughter and sentenced to 14 years in prison in the deaths of 58 Chinese immigrants who suffocated in his truck in Dover, England.
    (AP, 4/5/02)

2001        Nov 5, Baxter said its dialysis filters appear to have played a role in the deaths of 53 pa-tients in Texas, Nebraska, and 6 countries in Europe, south America and Asia.
    (WSJ, 11/6/01, p.A3)

2001        Nov 12, American Airlines Flight 587, bound for the Dominican Republic, crashed in Belle Harbor in the Far Rockaway district of Queens just after takeoff from JFK Airport. All 260 crew and passengers were killed as well as a number of people on the ground. The plane ap-peared to have fallen apart. The vertical tail section cracked off when composite fittings failed possibly due to turbulence from a preceding 747.
    (SFC, 11/13/01, p.A1)(WSJ, 11/13/01, p.A1)(SFC, 11/14/01, p.A14)(SFC, 11/15/01, p.A19)

2001        Nov 22, In the Gaza Strip 5 Palestinian boys (6-14) were killed when a bomb exploded beneath them as a walked to school.
    (SFC, 11/23/01, p.A17)

2001        Dec 26, In Brazil rescue workers searched for victims of earth slides and flooding that killed at least 49 people in Rio de Janeiro state.
    (SFC, 12/27/01, p.A5)

2002        Feb 19, In Cairo, Egypt, an overcrowded train en route from Cairo to the southern city of Luxor burst into flames from a gas cannister. It then traveled 2 1/2 miles before the driver stopped. 361 people were killed.
    (SFC, 2/20/02, p.A9)(SFC, 2/21/02, p.A8)(AFP, 5/27/04)

2002        May 25, In India at least 60 people, on their way to a wedding, were electrocuted when their bus hit a high-voltage power wire in Uttar Pradesh state.
    (SSFC, 5/26/02, p.A14)
2002        May 25, In Tenga, Mozambique, a passenger and freight train collided and 196 people were killed.
    (SSFC, 5/26/02, p.A14)(SFC, 5/27/02, p.A7)

2002        Jul 27, In Lviv, Ukraine, a fighter jet slammed onto the tarmac and sliced through a crowd watching an air show, killing 85 people and injured 116.
    (AP, 7/28/02)(WSJ, 8/8/02, p.A1)

2002        Sep 29, In Guatemala a bus carrying at least 45 passengers plunged into the Selegua River, and authorities feared that most of them drowned.
    (AP, 9/30/02)

2002        Oct 29, In Vietnam a fire believed to have started in a disco swept through a five-storey commercial building in south Vietnam's Ho Chi Minh City killing at least 48 people.
    (Reuters, 10/29/02)

2003        Jan 6, In Mexico a bus with failing brakes swerved off a mountain highway and into a deep ravine in Zacatecas state, killing 18 people and injuring 23.
    (AP, 1/7/03)

2003        Dec 26, A 6.6 earthquake devastated the southeastern Iranian city of Bam, 630 miles southeast of the capital Tehran. It leveled more than half the city's houses and its historic mud-brick fortress. At least 25,000 people were killed and over 10,000 injured. Iran appealed for in-ternational help and promised to waive visas for foreign relief workers.
    (AP, 12/26/03)(AP, 12/27/03)(SFC, 12/30/03, p.A3)

2003        Dr. James Gee of the Univ. of Wisconsin authored “What Video Games Have to Teach Us About learning and Literacy.”
    (Econ, 9/5/09, p.86)

2004        Feb 18, In Neyshabur, northeastern Iran, a 51-car train, carrying fuel, fertilizer and in-dustrial chemicals, derailed and exploded. It rolled out of a switchyard and eventually reach a speed of more than 90 mph before it derailed, caught fire and exploded. The explosions de-stroyed five villages killing at least 200 people and injuring hundreds more.
    (AP, 2/19/04)(AP, 4/23/04)

2004        Apr 22, As many as 3,000 people were killed or injured when two trains carrying oil and liquefied petroleum gas collided and exploded in a North Korean train station.
    (AP, 4/22/04)

2004        Apr 28, In Colombia a construction crew's backhoe tumbled down a hillside onto a school bus on the highway below, killing 21 children and two adults and injuring 36 others.
    (AP, 4/29/04)

2004        Jul 16, In Kumbakonam, southern India, a short circuit ignited a thatched roof and raged through the Lord Krishna Middle School, killing at least 88 children and injuring more than 100. The children were trapped inside a locked building.
    (AP, 7/17/04)(SFC, 7/17/04, p.A3)

2004        Jul 22, In northwestern Turkey a new high-speed passenger train derailed killing 36 people and injuring 81 others.
    (AP, 7/23/04)

2004        Jul 25, The death toll from monsoon flooding in South Asia reached 944.
    (AP, 7/26/04)

2004        Jul 28, Deaths from monsoon rains across South Asia reached 1,238.
    (AP, 7/28/04)

2004        Aug 1, In Paraguay a fast-spreading fire killed 420 people. Survivors of the inferno in a crowded supermarket on the outskirts of Asuncion said that locked doors slowed their escape. In 2008 a father and son who owned the supermarket were sentenced to prison for manslaugh-ter and endangerment. In 2009 Supreme Court voted 2-1 in favor of a sentence of 12 years for Juan Pio Paiva and 10 years for his son Daniel Paiva. In 2009 a court upheld a two-year prison sentence for architect Bernardo Ismachowiez, designer of the supermarket.
    (AP, 8/2/04)(AP, 8/6/04)(AP, 2/3/08)(AP, 8/6/09)(AP, 8/29/09)

2004        Nov 28, In central China an explosion tore through a coal mine, sending smoke from air vents and trapping at least 166 miners in tunnels and shafts below without communications. The death toll was later confirmed at 166.
    (AP, 12/1/04)(Econ, 12/4/04, p.43)

2004        Dec 26, The world's most powerful earthquake in 40 years triggered massive tidal waves that slammed into villages and seaside resorts across southern and southeast Asia. The initial estimated death toll of 9,000 soon rose to some 230,000 people in 14 countries. The magnitude 9.0 earthquake was the world's fifth-largest since 1900 and the largest since a 9.2 temblor hit Prince William Sound Alaska in 1964. The epicenter was located 155 miles south-southeast of Banda Aceh, the capital of Aceh province on Sumatra, and six miles under the seabed of the Indian Ocean. In Indonesia at least 166,320 people were killed.
Bangladesh reported 2 killed; India: at least 9,691 deaths: thousands were missing and possibly dead in India's remote Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Indonesia: At least 101,318 people were killed on Sumatra island and small islands off its coast. Kenya reported 1 killed. Malaysia: At least 68 people, including an unknown number of foreign tourists, were dead. Myanmar: At least 90 people were killed. Sri Lanka: At least 30,680 were killed in government and rebel con-trolled areas. The Maldives, an archipelago of 1,190 low-lying coral islands and a tiny popula-tion of 280,000, at least 82 people were killed and missing. At least 42 islands were flattened in the low-lying atoll nation. Somalia: At least 298 were killed. Tanzania: At least 10 killed. Thai-land: The confirmed death toll for Thailand reached 5,322, but many suspected Myanmar mi-grants were not counted.
    (SFC, 12/28/04, p.A1)(AP, 12/30/04)(SSFC, 1/2/05, p.A12)(AP, 1/7/05)(Econ, 1/22/05, p.41)(AP, 12/25/09)

2004        Dec 30, In Argentina a flare lit during a rock concert ignited the foam ceiling of the Cro-magnon Republic nightclub in Buenos Aires packed with teenagers, starting an inferno that killed 194 people. Omar Chaban, promoter and owner of the club, later faced charges of man-slaughter. In 2006 the Buenos Aires city council sacked Mayor Anibal Ibarra for failing to root out a culture of bribery and bureaucratic sloth. In 2009 judges convicted the concert promoter, three city officials and a band manager in the fire. The court absolved the Callejeros band of criminal responsibility for the blaze caused by fans' fireworks.
    (AP, 12/31/04)(AP, 12/30/05)(Econ, 3/11/06, p.35)(AP, 8/20/09)

2005        Feb 14, A gas explosion in China's northeast Sunjiawan mine killed 203 people in the deadliest mining disaster reported since communist rule began in 1949.
    (AP, 2/15/05)

2008        May 3, A tropical cyclone slammed into Myanmar's main city of Yangon, ripping off roofs, felling trees and raising fears of major casualties. Within days the death toll soared above 22,000 and more than 41,000 others were missing as foreign countries mobilized to rush in aid after the country's deadliest storm on record.
    (AP, 5/4/08)(AP, 5/6/08)

2008        May 7, The international relief effort for hundreds of thousands of Myanmar cyclone vic-tims picked up speed as India dispatched two planeloads of aid and Myanmar authorized the UN to send its own air shipment.
    (AP, 5/7/08)

2008        May 12, Myanmar state television put the death toll for Cyclone Nargis at 31,938 with 29,770 people missing. The US White House said it was extending an extra 13 million dollars in aid as the first US flight of emergency supplies landed in the country.
    (AP, 5/12/08)(SFC, 5/13/08, p.A3)

2009        Jun 5, In southwestern China at least 26 people were buried when part of a mountain collapsed in a massive landslide in a remote area of Wulong county in Chongqing municipality. 74 people were missing, including 47 workers at an iron ore mine, 21 local residents, two tele-com company workers and four passers-by. 27 people died and dozens were hurt when a packed commuter bus burst into flames and was destroyed within minutes during the morning rush hour in the southwestern city of Chengdu. Police later said a 62-year-old unemployed man set the fire after carrying a bucket of gasoline onto the bus.
    (AP, 6/5/09)(AP, 6/6/09)(AP, 7/3/09)
2009        Jun 5, In Mexico a fast-moving fire killed 30 babies and toddlers at the ABC day care in the city of Hermosillo, Sonora state, despite desperate attempts of firefighters, who punched through the walls and fought their way through flames to rescue babies, toddlers and others trapped inside. No fire alarm or sprinkler system had gone off, according to witnesses. One mother said a second door to the day care was bolted shut and nobody could find the key. The final death toll reached 47.
    (AP, 6/6/09)(AP, 6/7/09)(AP, 6/8/09)(AP, 6/23/09)

2009        Aug 6, Rescue workers searched for missing people after the Princess Ashika ferry, car-rying 149 passengers and crew, sank overnight off the coast of Tonga. 93 people were missing and feared dead.
    (SFC, 8/6/09, p.A2)(AP, 8/9/09)

2009        Aug 9, In southern Taiwan Typhoon Morakot spawned a mudslide engulfing the moun-tain village of Shiao Lin, burying up to 600 people. The official death toll from Morakot stood at 14. Another 51, not including the people in Shiao Lin.
    (AP, 8/10/09)

2009        Aug 14, Taiwan's president said floods and mudslides unleashed by Typhoon Morakot last weekend have killed about 500 people on the island, as he called on rescue crews to step up their efforts. Ma said the death toll includes 120 confirmed deaths, and about 380 people be-lieved to be buried in the debris of a landslide in Shiao Lin, the hardest-hit village.
    (AP, 8/14/09)

2009        Aug 15, In Kuwait a fire at a wedding tent killed 41 women and children consumed the structure in a blazing inferno lasting just three minutes. A Kuwaiti spokesman later said the fire was a criminal act by a perpetrator motivated by personal reasons as 4 more victims died from their wounds. Local newspapers said the bridegroom’s ex-wife was the arsonist.
    (AP, 8/16/09)(AP, 8/18/09)(SFC, 8/18/09, p.A4)

2009        Aug 17, In Russia powerful explosion took place during repair work at the Sayano-Shushinskaya hydroelectric plant in southern Siberia. The death toll soon reached 47 with 28 others missing and feared dead after an engine room was suddenly flooded. The accident pro-duced an oil spill and the slick that floated down the Yenisei River.
    (AP, 8/17/09)(AP, 8/18/09)(AP, 8/21/09)

2009        Aug 20, Italian customs found a boat with five Eritrean survivors of what it called a "shocking tragedy. Around 75 African migrants died in the Mediterranean after their stranded boat ran out of food and water.
    (Reuters, 8/21/09)

2009        Aug 28, In Indonesia the overcrowded ferry Sari Mulia capsized in the Negara River in the South Kalimantan province, leaving at least 19 people dead and 15 others missing.
    (AP, 8/29/09)(AP, 8/30/09)

2009        Sep 5, The sightseeing boat Ilinden, carrying 55 Bulgarian tourists, sank in Lake Ohrid on Macedonia's western border, and 15 people drowned.
    (AP, 9/5/09)(AFP, 9/6/09)

2009        Sep 6, In the southern Philippines the Superferry 9, carrying nearly 1,000 passengers, sank leaving at least 9 people dead. After rescue efforts one passenger was left unaccounted.
    (AFP, 9/6/09)(AP, 9/7/09)

2009        Sep 9, In Sierra Leone at least 221 people, including many schoolchildren returning from holidays, remained missing a day after the wooden Teh Teh ferry capsized at sea. 39 people survived. 30 bodies were recovered and all the missing were feared dead.
    (AP, 9/10/09)(AP, 9/12/09)

2009        Sep 10, In India hundreds of students, who were jammed into a narrow New Delhi school staircase, panicked and set off a stampede that left five girls dead and 31 other students injured. Mohammed Shahabuddin, a 12-year old snack vendor, had to have his left leg ampu-tated after Bihar state railway police threw him out of a moving train when he failed to pay them 10 rupees (20 cents) as a bribe. The boy had offered the policemen five rupees, which was all the money he had.
    (AP, 9/10/09)(AP, 9/11/09)

2009        Sep 14, In Pakistan at least 18 women and girls were killed in a stampede which broke out as charity workers were handing out free flour to the poor in a crowded neighborhood of Pakistan's financial capital Karachi.
    (AP, 9/15/09)

2009        Sep 23, In central India an 820-foot (250m) chimney collapsed during bad weather kill-ing at least 26 people. More than 100 workers were feared dead at the site in Korba, Chhattis-garh state, where the giant chimney came crashing down on the plant's cafeteria as the work-ers had tea.
    (AP, 9/24/09)(AFP, 9/24/09)

2009        Sep 29, A magnitude 8.0-8.3 earthquake struck about 120 miles south of the islands of Samoa, which has about 180,000 people, and American Samoa, a US territory of 65,000. Four tsunami waves 15 to 20 feet (4 to 6 meters) high roared ashore on American Samoa, reaching up to a mile (1.5 kilometers) inland. At least 136 were killed in Samoa and at least 32 on Ameri-can Samoa and leaving dozens missing. Authorities in Tonga, south of the Samoas, confirmed at least 9 dead.
    (AP, 9/30/09)(AFP, 10/1/09)(AP, 10/5/09)

2009        Oct 2, In southern India flash floods and heavy rains killed at least 172 people in the state of Karnataka and 50 in neighboring Andhra Pradesh. One more person was killed in the southern seaside resort state of Goa as heavy rains resulted in the collapse of 250 houses. Fifty of the victims drowned when a rescue boat capsized.
    (AFP, 10/3/09)(AP, 10/4/09)(AP, 10/5/09)

2009        Oct 9, In the northern Philippines driving rain on the heels of back-to-back storms trig-gered dozens of landslides across, burying more than 160 people, washing away villages and leaving almost an entire province under water.
    (AP, 10/9/09)

2009        Oct 16, In southern India a blaze erupted at a fireworks warehouse in Pallipat near Chennai, killing at least 32 people and injuring 10 others as millions of Hindus prepared to cele-brate Deepavali, the festival of lights.
    (AP, 10/17/09)

2009        Nov 21, In northern China a gas explosion tore through the state-run Xinxing coal mine in Heilongjiang province, killing at least 92 people and 16 missing as rescuers worked hastily to save them.
    (AP, 11/21/09)(AP, 11/22/09)

2009        Nov 22, Nearly 250 people were pulled from the sea after the Dumai Express went down in heavy rain and huge swells off Karimun island in the north of the Indonesian archipelago. At least 29 people were killed.
    (AFP, 11/22/09)

2009        Nov 25, In western Democratic Republic of Congo at least 73 people were killed and others missing after a logging boat sank in Lake Mai Ndombe in Bandundu province.
    (Reuters, 11/28/09)

2009        Nov 27, In southern Bangladesh the MV Coco-4, a triple-deck ferry packed with hun-dreds of travelers heading home for an Islamic festival, capsized on the Tetulia River as pas-sengers disembarked, leaving at least 77 dead and dozens missing.
    (AP, 11/28/09)(AFP, 11/30/09)

2009        Dec 4, In northern Bangladesh an overcrowded passenger boat capsized after being hit by a small ferry, leaving at least 46 people dead.
    (AP, 12/4/09)

2009        Dec 5, In Russia a blaze sparked by onstage fireworks tore through the Lame Horse nightclub ceiling covered in decorative twigs and plastic sheeting, killing 136 people and criti-cally injuring about 90 in the industrial city of Perm in the Ural Mountains. It was the country’s deadliest fire since the fall of the Soviet Union.
    (AP, 12/5/09)(AP, 12/10/09)

2009        Dec 7, In China 8 children died in a crush after someone stumbled while hundreds of children leaving their evening classes raced down the narrow stairway closest to their dormitory in Xiangxiang city, Hunan province.
    (AP, 12/8/09)

2009        Dec 14, In Nigeria 23 people burned to death when a bus carrying mourners to a funeral collided with a truck on a road in southwest Oyo state.
    (AFP, 12/14/09)

2009        Dec 24, In southern India police with bamboo batons clashed with crowds of protesters as outrage over a delay in creating a new state (Telangana) erupted into violent demonstrations in several cities in Andhra Pradesh. Over 40 people were feared dead after the bridge under construction over the Chambal river collapsed on the outskirts of Kota city in western Rajasthan state. 12 bodies were recovered and 30 others remained missing.
    (AP, 12/24/09)(AFP, 12/25/09)(AP, 12/26/09)

Go to http://www.timelinesdb.com
Subject = Disaster, Tragedy
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Top 16 NATURAL DISASTERS SINCE 1000 AD (excluding purely agricultural Famine) - by numbers of deaths

1931        Jul-Nov, The Huang He River (Huang Ho, Yellow River) in China flooded more than 40,000 sq. miles and more than a million people were killed.
    (HFA, '96, p.71)(http://socialstudiesforkids.com/articles/geography/huangheriver.htm)
1201        Jul 5, An earthquake in Syria and upper Egypt killed some 1.1 million people.
    (www.geohaz.org/member/news/signif.htm)
1887        China’s Huang Ho (Huang He, Yellow River) flooded and killed about 900,000 people.
    (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_toll)
1556        Feb 2, The worst earthquake in history devastated China’s Shanxi Province, killing 830,000 people.
    (PCh, 1992, p.190)(www.kepu.ac.cn/english/quake/ruins/rns03.html)
1970        Nov 12-13, A 240 KPH cyclone hit the Ganges delta. Flooding followed and an esti-mated 300,000 in East Pakistan (Bangladesh), were killed.
    (SFEC, 9/5/04, p.6)(www.emergency-management.net/cyclone.htm)
1976        Jul 28, In China a 7.8-8.2 earthquake in the northern city of Tangshan killed at least 242,000 people. This was reported as the deadliest earthquake in the last 100 years.
    (AP, 7/28/97)(http://history1900s.about.com/od/horribledisasters/a/tangshan.htm)
1737         Sep 19, In India’s Bay of Bengal a cyclone destroyed some 20,000 ships. It was esti-mated that more than 300,000 people died in the densely populated area called the Sundar-bans. Later research indicated the population of Calcutta at the time to be around 20,000. An estimate of the number of deaths was revised down to about 3,000.
    (http://cires.colorado.edu/~bilham/gif_images/1737Calcutta.pdf)
1850        Sep 22, An earthquake in Sichuan, China, killed some 300,000 people.
    (www.geohaz.org/member/news/signif.htm)
1927        May 27, An earthquake in China’s Qinghai (Xining) Province left some 200,000 dead.
    (www.ig.utexas.edu/research/projects/eq/faq/world.htm)
1920        Dec 16, In China an 8.6 earthquake in the northwestern provinces of Gansu and Shanxi caused massive landslides and the deaths of 100,000- 200,000 people.
    (SFC, 1/800, p.A8)(www.ig.utexas.edu/research/projects/eq/faq/world.htm)
2004        Dec 26, The world's most powerful earthquake in 40 years triggered massive tidal waves that slammed into villages and seaside resorts across southern and southeast Asia killed. The initial estimated death toll of 9,000 soon rose to more than 157,663 people in 12 countries. The magnitude 9.0 earthquake was the world's fifth-largest since 1900 and the larg-est since a 9.2 temblor hit Prince William Sound Alaska in 1964. The epicenter was located 155 miles south-southeast of Banda Aceh, the capital of Aceh province on Sumatra, and six miles under the seabed of the Indian Ocean.
    (AP, 12/27/04)(SFC, 12/28/04, p.A1)(AP, 1/14/05)
1923        Sep 1, The Japanese cities of Tokyo and Yokohama were devastated by the Great Kanto earthquake that claimed 99,000-143,000 lives. The 7.9-8.3 quake off Tokyo's shoreline killed some 99,300 people.
    (AP, 9/1/97)(www.ig.utexas.edu/research/projects/eq/faq/world.htm)
1991        Apr 30-31, A cyclone in Bangladesh killed an estimated 131,000 people. 9 million were left homeless. Thousands of survivors died from hunger and water borne disease.
    (AP, 4/30/97)(SFC, 5/19/97, p.A13)(www.emergency-management.net/cyclone.htm)
1948        Oct 6, A 7.3 earthquake hit Ashgebat, Turkeminstan, and killed an estimated 110,000 people. Stalinist media at the time claimed only 35,000 deaths.
    (http://neic.usgs.gov/neis/eqlists/eqsmosde.html)
1908        Dec 28, Some 70,000-100,000 people died in the Messina earthquake in Sicily. The government hired a number of steamships, including the Florida, to ship survivors to America.
    (WUD, 1994, p.899)(WSJ, 2/8/99, p.A21)(http://neic.usgs.gov/neis/eqlists/eqsmosde.html)
1755        Nov 1, An 8.7 earthquake hit Lisbon, Portugal, and killed some 70,000 people. Heavy damage resulted from ensuing fires and tsunami flooding in Morocco and nearly a quarter of a million people were killed.
    (SFEC, 4/26/98, p.T7)(HN, 11/1/98)(http://neic.usgs.gov/neis/eqlists/eqsmosde.html)
1971        Aug 20-21, In Vietnam heavy rains flooded the Red River delta and some 100,000 peo-ple were killed.
    (www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0001440.html)

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