Nobel Prizes
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Nobel Prize site: http://www.almaz.com/nobel/nobel.html
1895 Nov 27,
Alfred Nobel, explosives magnate, signed his last will and testament at
the Swedish-Norwegian Club in Paris, setting aside his estate to
establish the Nobel Prize after his death (see Dec 10, 1896).
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1895)
1896 Dec 10, Alfred Nobel (63),
Swedish Nobel Prize ceremony on this date, died. By the time of his
death Nobel had acquired a massive fortune. In his will, he left
instructions that the bulk of his estate should endow the annual Nobel
prizes for those who had most contributed to the areas of physics,
chemistry, medicine, literature and peace. In 1968, a sixth award for
economics was established [see Nov 27, 1895]. The Nobel Peace
Prize is therefore awarded on December 10. The first of the Nobel
Prizes was presented in 1901 according to instructions in his will. At
his death he was one of the richest men in the world, he also felt it
would be wrong to leave his fortune to relatives. "Inherited wealth is
a misfortune which merely serves to dull man's faculties."
(WUD, 1994 p.969)(HNPD, 10/21/98)(AP, 12/10/06)
1901 Henry Dunant (1828-1910),
Swiss businessman, won the 1st Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts in
establishing the Int’l. Red Cross and the First Geneva Convention
covering treatment of those wounded in war. The prize was shared with
Frederic Passy (1822-1912), French economist, for his efforts toward
international peace.
(ON, 4/08,
p.12)(http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1901/passy-bio.html)
1901 Jacobus Henricus van't Hoff
won the first Nobel Prize in chemistry for his work on the relationship
of volume, pressure and temperature in gases which became known as
van't Hoff's Law. The 1st Nobel Banquet was held at the Grand Hotel in
Stockholm for 118 male guests.
(SFC, 6/30/99, p.C2)
1901 Sully Prudhomme won the 1st
Nobel Prize in literature.
(SFC, 10/10/01, p.B8)
1901 Wilhelm Konrad von
Röntgen (1845-1923) won the Nobel in Physics.
(HN, 3/27/99)(MC, 2/10/02)(MC, 3/27/02)
1901 Emil von Behring (b.1854) was
the first recipient of the Nobel Prize for medicine.
(HN, 3/15/99)
1902 Pieter Zeeman (b.1865), Dutch
physicist (Zeeman effect), won the Nobel Prize.
(SC, 5/25/02)
1902 Ronald Ross (1857-1932), an
English physician, won the Nobel Prize for his work on malaria. His
story is part of the 1997 novel "The Calcutta Chromosome: A Novel of
Fevers, Delirium and Discovery" by Amitav Ghosh. In 2003 Fiammetta
Rocco authored "The Miraculous Fever Tree: Malaria and the Quest for a
Cure That Changed the World."
(WUD, 1994, p.1245)(SFEC,10/26/97, BR p.8)(WSJ,
8/26/03, p.D5)
1902 Emil Fischer won the Nobel
Prize in Chemistry. He is considered as the founder of the science of
carbohydrate chemistry.
(SFC, 10/24/03, p.E4)
1903 Svante Arrhenius (1859-1927),
Swedish scientist, won the Nobel Prize in chemistry.
(http://tinyurl.com/lxu4w)
1903 Bjornstjerne Martinus
Bjornson won the Nobel Prize in literature.
(SFC, 10/10/01, p.B8)
1903 Randal Cremer (b.1838),
British trade unionist, pacifist, won the Nobel Prize.
(MC, 3/18/02)
1903 Pierre and Marie Curie won
the Nobel Prize in Physics for their discovery of radioactivity.
(SSFC, 11/28/04, p.4)
1904 Frederic Mistral, French poet
(d. 1914), won the Noble Prize.
(MC, 3/25/02)
1904 Ivan P. Pavlov (d.1936),
Russian physiologist, won the Nobel Prize.
(MC, 2/27/02)
1905 J.F.W. Adolf Ritter von
Baeyer (b.1835), German chemist, won the Nobel Prize in chemistry.
(MC, 10/31/01)
1905 Henryk Sienkiewicz, Polish
author, won the Nobel Prize and wrote the third work of his trilogy
"With Fire and Sword." It was preceded by "Pan Michael" and "The
Deluge." The first 2 books were made into films during the 1960s and
1970s. Filming of the 3rd work began in 1997.
(SFC,11/18/97, p.E2)(SFC, 7/8/99, p.E3)
1905 Robert Koch (b.1843), German
physician, bacteriologist, and medical researcher, won a Nobel Prize in
Medicine.
(HN, 12/11/00)(MC, 12/11/01)
1905 Bertha Kinsky von Sutner
became the first woman to win a Nobel Peace Prize. She had founded
European pacifist organizations with her husband, Artur,
(SFEM, 1/25/98, p.28)
1906 Dec 10, President Theodore
Roosevelt became the first American to be awarded the Nobel Peace
Prize, for helping mediate an end to the Russo-Japanese War. This was
the first Nobel Peace Prize.
(AP, 12/10/97)(SFC, 9/29/99, p.C3)
1906 Joseph John Thomson (b.1856),
English physicist, won a Nobel Prize for his discovery of the electron.
(MC, 12/18/01)
1908 Paul Ehrlich (d.1915), German
genealogist, won the Nobel Prize for his work in Chemotherapy.
(MC, 8/20/02)
1909 Guglielmo Marconi
(1874-1937), Italian engineer, won the Nobel Prize for physics for his
invention of wireless telegraphy.
(ON, 11/99, p.10)(MC, 7/20/02)
1910 Otto Wallach (d.1931), German
chemist, won the Nobel Prize.
(SC, 2/26/02)
1911 Maurice Maeterlinck
(1862-1949), Belgian poet, dramatist, and essayist, won the Nobel Prize
in Literature.
(WUD, 1994, p.861)
1911 Wilhelm K.W. Wien (b.1864),
German physicist, won the Nobel Prize.
(MC, 1/13/02)
1911 Marie Curie won the Nobel
Prize in Physics for the isolation of the elements polonium and radium.
(SSFC, 11/28/04, p.4)
1912 Alexis Carrel (b.1873),
French surgeon and biologist, won a Nobel Prize for the development of
blood vessel suture technique.
(HN, 6/28/99)(MC, 6/28/02)
1912 Gerhart Hauptmann (b.1862),
German author (Before Dawn) won the Nobel Prize in Literature.
(MC, 11/15/01)
1912 US Sec. of State Elihu Root
won the Nobel Peace Prize.
(SSFC, 8/15/04, p.D11)
1913 Charles Richet (b.1850),
French physiologist, won the Noble Prize for his work on anaphylaxis.
(MC, 8/26/02)
1914 No Nobel Prizes were given.
(SFC, 10/10/01, p.B8)
1914 Theodore William Richards
(1868-1928), chemist, won the Nobel Prize.
(WUD, 1994 p.1231)(MC, 1/31/02)
1917 Dec 10, The Nobel Peace Prize
was awarded to the International Red Cross.
(HN, 12/10/98)
1917 Karl Gjellerup (b.1857),
Danish poet, novelist won the Nobel Prize.
(SC, 6/2/02)
1918 Fritz Haber (1868-1934),
German chemist, won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for extracting ammonia
from nitrogen in 1909. The Haber-Bosch process was beneficial for food
production and explosives. Haber also helped develop poison gas during
WW I.
(WSJ, 12/8/00, p.W11)(SSFC, 8/7/05, p.C6)
1919 US Pres. Woodrow Wilson won
the Nobel Peace Prize.
(AP, 10/9/09)
1920 Nov 20, The Nobel Peace Prize
was awarded to US president W. Wilson.
(MC, 11/20/01)
1920 Knut Hamsun (1859-1952),
Norwegian writer, won the Nobel Prize in literature for his work "The
Growth of the Soil."
(Econ, 11/7/09, p.79)
1920 Leon Bourgeois (b.1851),
French premier (1895-96) won the Nobel Peace Prize.
(SC, 5/29/02)
1921 Frederick Soddy (b.1877)
received the Nobel prize for chemistry.
(HN, 9/2/98)
1921 Anatole France (d.1924),
French satiric master, won the Nobel Prize in Literature. His books
included “Thais” (1890), “Penguin Island” (1908) and “Revolt of the
Angels” (1914).
(WSJ, 2/20/96,
p.A-14)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatole_France)
1921 Carlos Chagas (1879-1934), a
Brazilian doctor, won the Nobel Prize in Medicine for his 1909
discovery of how a single cell parasite carried by insects transmitted
a disease (Chagas disease) to sleeping victims.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Chagas)(Econ,
4/11/09, p.36)
1922 Jacinto Benavente y Martinez
(b.1866), Spanish dramatist, won the Nobel Prize.
(SC, 8/12/02)
1922 Otto Meyerhof (1884-1951),
German doctor, won the Nobel Prize in Medicine for his discovery of the
fixed relationship between the consumption of oxygen and the metabolism
of lactic acid in the muscle.
(http://nobelprize.org/medicine/laureates/1922/meyerhof-bio.html)
1922 Fridtjof Nansen, Norwegian
Arctic explorer (1893-1896), was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace.
(ON, 7/05, p.5)
1923 John J.R. Macleod (d.1935),
Scottish-Canadian physiologist, won the Nobel Prize.
(MC, 3/16/02)
1923 Robert A. Millikan (b.1868),
US physicist, won the Nobel Prize.
(MC, 3/22/02)
1924 Oct 24, Nobel prize for
physiology and medicine was awarded to W. Einthoven.
(MC, 10/24/01)
1925 American vice president
Charles Gates Dawes (d.1951) was awarded the 1925 Nobel Peace Prize
along with Sir Austen Chamberlin. Dawes, vice president to Calvin
Coolidge from 1925-1929, was the chief author of the 1923 Dawes Plan
for German financial reconstruction after the First World War. Dawes,
who was born in 1885 in Marietta, Ohio, was named the first director of
the U.S. Bureau of the Budget in 1921 and was ambassador to Great
Britain from 1929-32.
(HNQ, 6/25/98)
1925 George Bernard Shaw
(1856-1850), Irish-born, English dramatist, critic and social
reformer, won the Nobel Prize in Literature.
(V.D.-H.K.p.237)(HN, 7/26/98)(AP, 3/15/00)(MC,
7/26/02)
1926 Aristide Briand (d.1932),
11-time premier of France, won a Nobel Prize.
(MC, 3/7/02)
1926 Johannes Fibiger won a Nobel
Prize for supposedly finding the cause of cancer.
(SFC, 10/8/01, p.A17)
1929 Frank Kellogg (b.1856),
Secretary of State (1925-29), won the Nobel Peace Prize. He tried to
outlaw war with the Kellogg-Briand Pact.
(HN, 12/22/98)(AP, 10/9/09)
1930 Nov 5, Sinclair Lewis
(1885-1951) became the first American to win a Nobel Prize in
Literature for his 1922 novel "Babbit."
(TMC, 1994, p.1930)(HNQ, 5/18/98)
1931 Dec 10, Jane Addams became a
co-recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize, for her efforts as the president
of the Women’s International league for Peace and Freedom. She was the
first American woman so honored. She was also known for her work as a
social reformer and pacifist, and founded the Hull House in Chicago.
The co-recipient was Nicholas Murray Butler.
(HN, 9/6/98)(WSJ, 1/2/02, p.A16)(AP, 12/10/06)
1931 Dec 10, Nicholas Murray
Butler (1862-1947), presidential advisor and president of Columbia
Univ. (1902-1945), was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his work on
behalf of the Briand Kellogg Pact (1929), a treaty that denounced war
as an instrument of national policy. In 2006 Michael Rosenthal authored
“Nicholas Miraculous,” a biography Butler.
(SSFC, 8/15/04, p.D11)(WSJ, 1/25/06, p.D10)
1931 Karl Bosch (b.1874), German
chemist (BASF), received the Nobel Prize.
(MC, 8/27/02)
1931 Friedrich C.R. Bergius
(d.1949 at 64), chemist, won the Nobel Prize.
(MC, 3/30/02)
1932 Nov 2, Melvin Schwartz,
physicist, was born. He won the Nobel Prize for work on neutrinos.
(HN, 11/2/00)
1932 John Galsworthy (1867-1933),
English novelist and dramatist, won the Nobel Prize for Literature.
(WUD, 1994, p.581)
1932 Werner C. Heisenberg
(1901-1976), Germany physicist, won the Nobel Prize in physics.
(SFC, 2/7/02,
p.A2)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg)
1933 Sir Norman Angell
(1872-1967), English journalist, won the Nobel Peace Prize. He was
knighted in 1931. From 1928-1931 he had served on the Council of the
Royal Institute of International Affairs, was an executive for the
World Committee against War and Fascism, a member of the executive
committee of the League of Nations Union, and the president of the
Abyssinia Association.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Angell)
1934 Dec 10, Harold C. Urey
(1893-1981), US chemist, was awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry for
his work with deuterium.
(http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1934/urey-bio.html)
1934 Luigi Pirandello (b.1867),
Italian playwright (Six Characters in Search of an Author), won the
Nobel Prize in Literature.
(HN, 6/28/01)(MC, 6/28/02)
1934 The Nobel Prize in Medicine
and Physiology was awarded to Drs. George R. Minot (1885-1950), William
P. Murphy and George H. Whipple for curing pernicious anemia with liver
extract in 1926.
(Smith., May. 1995, p.14)(WUD, 1994 p.913)
1935 [Jean] Frederic Joliot-Curie
(b.1900), French physicist, won the Nobel Prize.
(MC, 3/19/02)
1936 Oct 16, Eugene O'Neill
(1888-1953) of the US won the Nobel Prize in Literature "for the power,
honesty and deep-felt emotions of his dramatic works, which embody an
original concept of tragedy." His work includes "A Long Day's Journey
Into Night" and "The Iceman Cometh."
(HN,
10/16/00)(www.nobelprize.org/literature/laureates/index.html)
1936 Oct, Dutch-born Peter Debye
(1884-1966), won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his studies on the
structure of molecules. In 1938, as Chairman of the German Physical
Society, he had a letter sent out under his name requesting that the
domestic Jewish members voluntarily resign. In 1940 he moved to the US.
In 2006 he emerged in a book, "Albert Einstein in the Netherlands."
which contained evidence of pro-Nazi actions. In 2008 the Terlouw
Committee, appointed by the Dutch Ministry of Education, reviewed the
allegations and issued its report clearly stating that Debye was
neither a Nazi collaborator nor a Nazi sympathizer.
(AP, 3/3/06)(http://piurl.com/5F)
1936 Nov 24, Pacifist and
anti-fascist writer Carl Von Ossietzky, sent to a concentration camp,
was awarded Nobel Peace Prize.
(MC, 11/24/01)
1937 Roger Martin du Guard
(b.1881), French novelist, won the Nobel Prize.
(SS, 3/23/02)
1938 Nov
10, Pearl Buck (1892-1973), pen-name of Pearl Walsh, née
Sydenstricker, received the Nobel for literature for her rich and truly
epic descriptions of peasant life in China (“The Good Earth”), and for
her biographical masterpieces.
(http://nobelprize.org/literature/laureates/1938/index.html)
1938 Gertrude Stein led a campaign
to award the Nobel Peace Prize to Adolf Hitler. Stein was also a close
friend of Bernard Fey, who collaborated with the Nazis and was named by
Hitler as head of the French national library in Paris. Fey was
convicted of war crimes after WW II.
(SFC, 6/9/96, Z1 p.5)
1939 Nov 9, Nobel for physics was
awarded to Ernest O. Lawrence for his work on the cyclotron.
(MC, 11/9/01)
1939 Adolf Butenandt (b.1903),
biochemist, won the Nobel Prize.
(HN, 3/24/01)(MC, 3/24/02)
1940-1943 No Nobel Prizes were given.
(SFC, 10/10/01, p.B8)
1944 Nov 9, Red Cross won the
Nobel peace prize.
(MC, 11/9/01)
1944 Isidore Isaac Rabi was
awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his resonance method for
recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei.
(http://almaz.com/nobel/physics/1944a.html)
1944 Otto Hahn 1944 was awarded
the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on nuclear fission. During WW
II physicist Lisa Meitner (1878-1968), while in hiding from Hitler in
Sweden, analyzed and understood for its significance the work of Hahn.
(MT, 10/94, letters, p.10)
1944 Dr. Joseph Erlanger (b.1874)
won the Nobel Prize for his work in shock therapy.
(MC, 1/5/02)
1945 Nov 12, Cordell Hull (d.1955)
was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his role in founding the United
Nations. Hull served as secretary of state in the Franklin Roosevelt
Administration (1933-1944) longer than any other individual. Hull, born
in Tennessee in 1871, had been a U.S. senator prior to his appointment
by Roosevelt.
(HNQ, 7/6/98)(MC, 11/12/01)
1945 Sir Alexander Fleming was
awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine for his codiscovery of penicillin
along with Ernst B. Chain (b.1908), German chemist, bacteriologist, and
Dr. Howard Florey, who found Fleming's paper in 1938 and began clinical
trials.
(WUD, 1994, p.542)(SFC, 1/19/04, p.B4)
1945 Wolfgang Pauli (b.1900),
Austrian-born physicist, received the Nobel prize.
(SS, 4/25/02)
1946 Emily Greene Balch
(1867-1961), American lawyer, share the Nobel Peace Prize with John
Raleigh Mott. Balch helped in one way or another with many projects of
the League of Nations - among them, disarmament, the
internationalization of aviation, drug control, the participation of
the United States in the affairs of the League.
(AP,
10/9/09)(http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1946/balch-bio.html)
1946 John Raleigh Mott
(1865-1955), organizer (YMCA), shared the Nobel Peace Prize with Emily
Greene Balch.
(http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1946/mott-bio.html)
1946 Wendell M. Stanley and John
H. Northrup of UC Berkeley won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Northrop
(b.1891), US biochemist, won for his work on crystallized enzymes.
(SFC, 10/8/01, p.A17)
1946 Hermann Hesse (1877-1962),
Swiss-born German philosopher poet and author, was awarded the Nobel
Prize in literature "for his inspired writings which, growing in
boldness and penetration, exemplify the classical humanitarian ideals
and high qualities of style."
(http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1946/)
1947 Gerty Cori (1896-1957),
Prague-born American biochemist, won the Nobel Prize in Medicine.
(AP,
10/5/09)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerty_Cori)
1948 Nov 4, T.S. Eliot won the
Nobel Prize for literature.
(MC, 11/4/01)
1948 Paul Hermann Muller (d.1965),
a Geigy pesticide researcher in Switzerland, won the Noble Prize in
medicine for his 1939 synthesis of DDT.
(ON, 11/01, p.6)
1949 W.F. Giague of UC Berkeley
won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work in chemical
thermodynamics.
(TOH, 1982, p.1949)(SFC, 10/8/01, p.A17)
1949 William Faulkner (1897-1962),
American novelist, was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. He won
the Pulitzer Prize in 1955.
(TOH, 1982, p.1949)(HNQ, 10/29/01)
1949 Portuguese neurologist
Antonio Egas Moniz (1874-1955) won the Nobel Prize in Medicine for his
pioneering work in prefrontal brain lobotomy (1936). It was later
rejected as a valid medical technique.
(SFEC,11/2/97, Z1 p.6)(WUD, 1994, p.925)(SFC,
10/8/01, p.A17)
1949 Hediki Yukawa (b.1907),
Japanese physicist, won the Nobel Prize.
(MC, 1/23/02)
1950 Dec 10, Dr. Ralph J. Bunche
(b.1904) became the first African-American to receive the Nobel Peace
Prize.
(AP, 12/10/97)(HN, 12/10/98)
1950 Two doctors at the Mayo
Clinic were awarded the Nobel Prize for isolating cortisone to treat
rheumatoid arthritis. Edward Kendall, chemist, won a Nobel Prize for
isolating cortisone.
(SFC, 7/5/96, PM, p.5)(MC, 3/8/02)
1950 Bertrand Russell,
mathematician and philosopher, won the Nobel Prize for literature.
(WUD, 1994, p.1255)
1951 Nov 16, Glenn T. Seaborg
(1912-1999) and Edwin McMillan (1907-1991) of UC shared the Nobel Prize
in Chemistry for their discoveries in the chemistry of transuranium
elements beginning with plutonium, the first element ever known to be
heavier than uranium. In 1974 Seaborg co-discovered element 106, named
seaborgium.
(SFC, 10/6/98, p.A22)(SFC, 2/27/99, p.A17)(SFC,
11/16/01, WB p.G4)
1952 Nov 7, Felix Bloch (47) of
Stanford Univ. and E.M. Purcell (40) of Harvard won the Nobel Prize in
Physics for their work on measuring the magnetic properties of atomic
particles.
(SFC, 10/8/01, p.A17)
1952 Francois Mauriac (b.1885),
novelist, won the Nobel Prize in Literature.
(HN, 10/11/00)
1952 Oct 30, Dr. Albert Schweitzer
(1875-1965) was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize but only received it in
1953. Schweitzer and his wife Hélène had moved to Gabon
(French Equatorial Africa) in 1913 and opened a hospital in
Lambaréné, which he later expanded with money from the
Nobel Peace Prize.
(AP, 10/30/97)(HNPD, 9/4/98)
1953 Oct 30, Gen. George C.
Marshall was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Dr. Albert Schweitzer
received his 1952 Peace Prize.
(AP, 10/30/97)
1953 Hermann Staudinger (b.1881),
German chemist, plastics researcher, won the Nobel prize.
(SS, 3/23/02)
1954 Oct 30, Linus Pauling won the
Nobel prize in chemistry.
(SFC, 10/8/01, p.A17)(MC, 10/30/01)
1954 Oct 28, Ernest Hemingway
received news that he was awarded the Nobel Prize in literature. Poor
health prevented him from going to Stockholm to receive it.
(TMC, 1994, p.1954)(AH, 10/04, p.15)
1954 Max Born won the Nobel Prize
in Physics for his contributions to quantum theory.
(WSJ, 12/8/00, p.W11)
1954 Walter Bothe (b.1891),
subatomic particle physicist, won the Nobel Prize.
(MC, 1/8/02)
1954 Thomas Weller (1915-2008),
John Enders (1897-1985) and Frederick Robbins (1916-2003) won the Nobel
Prize in Medicine for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis
viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue.
(http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1954/)(LSA,
Spring, 2009, p.56)
1955 Nov 2, Dr. Willis E. Lamb
(1913-2008) of Stanford Univ. and Dr. Polykarp Kusch of Columbia Univ.
were named co-winners of the Nobel Prize in physics. They came up with
complementary discoveries in nuclear physics in 1947.
(SFC, 10/28/05, p.F3)(SFC, 5/23/08, p.B10)
1956 Nov 1, Walter Brattain, John
Bardeen and William Shockley were awarded the Nobel Prize in physics
for the invention of the transistor. The trio invented the transistor
in 1948 at the Bell Laboratories. William Schockley, co-developer of
the transistor, founded Schockley Semiconductor Laboratory in Palo Alto
this year. Two of his hires, Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore, later went
on to start Intel Corp. Tim Jackson in 1998 published "Inside Intel."
(SFEC, 8/17/97, BR p.4)(WSJ, 2/13/98, p.A13)(HNQ,
12/23/99)
1956 Werner Forssman (1904-1979),
German urologist, won the Nobel Prize. He was the first to catheterize
his own heart.
(MC, 8/29/01)
1957 Oct 14, Lester Bowles Pearson
(1897-1972, former president of the UN General Assembly (1952-1953) and
later Canadian PM (1963-1968) won the Nobel Peace Prize for his role in
defusing the Suez crisis.
(www.un.org/depts/dhl/deplib/un_milestones.htm)(http://tinyurl.com/ojxcz)
1957 Oct 17, French author Albert
Camus was awarded the Nobel Prize in literature.
(WUD, 1994, p.524)(AP, 10/17/97)
1958 Oct 23, Boris Pasternak won
the Nobel Prize in literature. However, Soviet authorities pressured
Pasternak into relinquishing the award.
(SFC,11/27/97, p.B3)(AP, 10/23/99)
1958 Oct 29, Boris Pasternak
refused the Nobel prize for literature. Pasternak's novel "Dr. Zhivago"
was on the best seller list in the west.
(WSJ, 10/10/95, p.A-14)(MC, 10/29/01)
1958 Pavel Cerenkov, Russian
physicist, was awarded the Nobel prize for his work in the 1930s
showing when a charged particle travels through any medium at a speed
exceeding the speed of light in the medium (but not the speed of light
in a vacuum), it emits light in a cone. This is called Cerenkov
radiation.
(JST-TMC,1983, p.99)
1958 Joshua Lederberg (1925-2008),
molecular biologist, won the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine for
discovering that bacteria reproduced sexually in a process called
recombination. Lederberg shared the prize with Prof. George Tatum of
Yale and George Beadle.
(SFC, 2/8/08, p.B9)
1959 Owen Chamberlain (1920-2006)
and Emilio Segre of UC Berkeley received the Nobel Prize in Physics for
their 1955 discovery of the anti-proton. Oreste Piccioni (d.2002 at 86)
did many of the landmark experiments that led to the discoveries.
(SFC, 10/10/96, p.A1)(SFC, 5/1/02, p.A22)(SFC,
3/2/06, p.B7)
1959 Arthur Kornberg (1918-2007)
of Stanford Univ. won the Nobel Prize for physiology of medicine. He
shared the prize with Severo Ochoa for their research on how genetic
information is transferred from one DNA molecule to another.
(SFC, 10/8/01, p.A17)(SFC, 10/27/07, p.A2)
1960 Alexis Saint-Leger
(1887-1975), Guadeloupe-born French poet and diplomat, won the Nobel
Prize for literature. He wrote under the pseudonym Saint John Perse.
(http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Leger,+Alexis+Saint-Leger)
1960 Donald A. Glaser of UC
Berkeley won the Nobel Prize in Physics.
(SFC, 10/10/96, p.A1)
1960 Albert John Lutuli
(c1898-1967), tribal chief and president-general of the African
National Congress, won the Nobel Peace prize.
(http://nobelprize.org/peace/laureates/1960/lutuli-bio.html)
1961 Melvin Calvin (b.1911), US
chemist, won the Nobel Prize for his work on photosynthesis.
(MC, 4/8/02)
1961 Robert Hofstadter of Stanford
won the Nobel Prize in Physics.
(SFC, 10/10/96, p.A1)
1961 Ivo Andric of Yugoslavia won
the Nobel Prize in Literature.
(AP, 10/8/09)
1962 Oct 25, American author John
Steinbeck (62) was awarded the Nobel Prize in literature.
(WUD, 1994, p.1392)(AP, 10/25/97)
1962 Oct 18, Dr. James D. Watson
of the United States and Dr. Francis Crick and Dr. Maurice Wilkins
(d.2004) of Britain, were named winners of the Nobel Prize for Medicine
and Physiology for their work in determining the double-helix molecular
structure of DNA.
(AP, 10/18/02)(SFC, 3/19/98, p.C4)
1962 Oct, Linus Pauling won the
Nobel Peace Prize. In 1954 he won a Nobel in Chemistry.
(SFC, 9/16/98, p.E1)(SFC, 10/8/01, p.A17)
1962 Oct, Max Perutz (1914-2002),
Austrian-born molecular biologist, won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for
his work in England on the structure of hemoglobin.
(Econ, 8/25/07,
p.77)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Perutz)
1963 Eugene Paul Wigner
(1902-1995), Hungarian-born mathematician and physicist, won the Nobel
Prize in Physics.
(HN, 11/17/00)(MC, 11/17/01)
1963 Giorgos Seferis (1900-1971),
Turkish-born Greek poet, won the Nobel Prize in Literature. Seferis was
the pen name of Georgios Seferiades
(AP,
10/8/09)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giorgos_Seferis)
1964 Oct 22, Jean Paul Sartre
(1905-1980), philosopher and novelist, declined the Nobel Prize for
Literature.
(WUD, 1994 p.1269)(HN, 10/22/00)
1964 Oct 14, Civil rights leader
Rev. Martin Luther King was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for
advocating a policy of non-violence.
(SFC, 10/3/96, p.C6)(AP, 10/14/97)(HN, 10/14/98)
1964 Dec 10, Dr. Martin Luther
King Jr. received the Nobel Peace Prize during ceremonies in Oslo,
Norway.
(AP, 12/10/97)
1965 Oct 21, Robert B.
Woodward was awarded the Nobel prize for chemistry, "for his
outstanding achievements in the art of organic synthesis."
(http://nobelprize.org/chemistry/laureates/1965/index.html)
1965 Mikhail Sholokhov (b.1905),
Russian novelist (And Quiet Flows the Don), won a Nobel Prize in
Literature.
(HN, 5/24/01)(MC, 5/24/02)
1965 Richard Feynman (1918-1988),
theoretical physicist won a Nobel Prize.
(MC, 5/11/02)
1966 The Nobel prize in medicine
was awarded to Dr. Charles B. Huggins (1902-1997) for research on the
relationship between hormones and cancers of the prostrate and breast.
(SFC, 1/16/97, p.C4)
1966 Robert Mulliken (b.1896), US
chemist, physicist won the Nobel Prize.
(SC, 6/7/02)
1966 S.Y. Agnon (1888-1970),
Jewish writer, shared the Nobel Prize in Literature with Nelly Sachs, a
German-born Swede.
(www.kirjasto.sci.fi/agnon.htm)(AP, 10/8/09)
1967 Miguel A. Asturias
(1899-1974) of Guatemala won the Nobel Prize in Literature.
(AP,
10/8/09))(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miguel_%C3%81ngel_Asturias)
1967 Hans Bethe (1906-2005),
German-born peace worker and physicist, won the Nobel Prize for
explaining how the sun and stars generate energy.
(SFC, 3/8/05, p.B5)
1967 George Wald (d.1997 at 90),
won a Nobel Prize for his work on the biochemistry of vision. He helped
discover Vitamin A in the retina and retinol as a component of the
visual cycle as a National Research Council fellow in Germany in 1932.
(SFC, 4/14/97, p.A19)
1968 Oct 19, Yasonari Kawabata
(1899-1972), Japanese novelist (Thousand Cranes) won the Nobel Prize in
Literature.
(http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1968/kawabata-docu.html)
1968 Oct 30, Luis W. Alvarez
(1911-1988) of UC Berkeley won the Nobel Prize in Physics for his work
on the bubble chamber.
(SFC, 10/10/96,
p.A1)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Walter_Alvarez)
1968 The Nobel Prize in Economics
was endowed by Sweden’s central bank. It is the only Nobel Prize that
was not created by Alfred Nobel in 1901.
(WSJ, 10/11/95, p. A-16)(WSJ, 10/15/98, p.A22)
1969 Oct, Economists Jan Timbergen
(1903-1994) of the Netherlands and Ragnar Frisch of Norway were awarded
the Nobel Prize in Economics for having developed and applied dynamic
models for the analysis of economic processes. Tinbergen was a founding
trustee of Economists for Peace and Security.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Tinbergen)
1969 Oct, The Nobel prize in
Literature was awarded to Irish writer Samuel Beckett (1906-1989). He
learned of the award while on holiday in Tunisia and avoided the
ceremony.
(WSJ, 7/11/97,
p.A12)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Beckett)
1970 Oct 8, Soviet author
Alexander Solzhenitsyn was named winner of the Nobel Prize for
literature.
(AP, 10/8/97)
1970 Oct, David Baltimore (37) of
MIT won a Nobel Prize for discovering the reverse transcriptase enzyme.
In 2001 Shane Crotty authored "Ahead of the Curve," an account of
Baltimore’s work and ten year defense over a 1986 controversy over
scientific data and the work of junior colleague Thereza Imanishi-Kari.
(WSJ, 8/1/01, p.A12)
1970 Oct, Sir Bernard Katz (d.2003
at 92) shared the Nobel Prize (medicine or physiology) for his
discovery of how nerve cells communicate with each other and with the
muscles they control. Ulf von Euler of Sweden and Julius Axelrod
(d.2005) of the US shared the prize for their work on
neuro-transmitters.
(SFC, 5/1/03, A21)
1970 Oct, The Nobel Peace Prize
was won by Norman Borlaug (1914-2009) for his development of high-yield
wheat varieties for which he was dubbed father of the "Green
Revolution." In 2006 Leon Hesser authored ”The Man Who Fed the World,”
a biography of Borlaug.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Borlaug)(WSJ,
9/5/06, p.D8)(SFC, 9/14/09, p.A7)
1970 Oct, The Nobel Prize for
Physics was won by Louis Neel (d.2000 at 95) of France for discoveries
about magnetic fields and Hanes Alfven of Sweden for work on
interactions between plasmas and magnetic fields.
(SFC, 11/25/00, p.A23)
1971 Oct 20, Willy Brandt, West
German Chancellor, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for beginning the
German reunification.
(WUD, 1994, p. 1688)(MC, 10/20/01)
1971 Oct 21, Nobel prize for
literature was awarded to Chilean poet Pablo Neruda (1904-1973).
(MC, 10/21/01)(SSFC, 8/31/03, p.M3)
1971 Oct, Earl W. Sutherland Jr.
(1915-1974), US pharmacologist, won the Nobel Prize in Medicine for his
discoveries concerning the mechanisms of the action of hormones.
(http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1971/press.html)
1972 Dec 10, Kenneth Arrow
(b.1921) of Stanford Univ. shared the Nobel Prize in economics with
John R. Hicks (1904-1989) of Oxford, England.
(SFC, 10/8/01,
p.A17)(http://economics.about.com/cs/nobelwinners/l/blnobel.htm)
1972 Heinrich Boll (1917-1985) of
West Germany won the Nobel Prize in Literature.
(AP,
10/8/09)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll)
1973 Oct 16, Henry Kissinger, US
Secretary of State (1973-77), and Le Duc Tho were named winners of the
Nobel Peace Prize; however, the Vietnamese official declined the award.
(AP,
10/16/98)(http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1973/press.html)
1973 Konrad Lorenz (1903-1989),
Austrian zoologist, won the Nobel Prize.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz)
1973 Leo Esaki (b.1925), [Esaki
Reona], Japanese-born physicist, won the Nobel Prize.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Esaki)
1973 Patrick White (1912-1990),
British-born Australian, won the Nobel Prize in Literature.
(AP,
10/8/09)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_White)
1974 Oct 15, Nobel prize for
chemistry was awarded to Paul J. Flory of Stanford Univ. for his work
on macro molecules.
(http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1974/press.html)
1974 Albert Claude (1899-1983),
Belgium-born biologist, won the Nobel for his work on the sub-structure
of the cell.
(www.belgium.be)
1974 Friedrich August von Hayek
(1899-1992) of the UK and Gunnar Myrdal (1898-1987) of Sweden shared
the Nobel Prize for Economics Science. Hayek was later awarded the
Presidential Medal of Freedom by Pres. George Bush.
(WSJ, 5/7/99,
p.A18)(http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/1974/)
1974 Eisaku Sato (b.1901), premier
of Japan, and Ireland’s Sean MacBride, president of the Int’l. Peace
Bureau, won the Nobel Peace Prize.
(www.almaz.com/nobel/nobel.html)
1974 Eyvind Johnson and Harry
Martinson of Sweden shared the Nobel Prize in Literature.
(AP, 10/8/09)
1975 Oct 9, Soviet scientist
Andrei Sakharov was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
(AP, 10/9/97)
1975 Oct, Vladimir Prelog (d.1998
at age 91), a Swiss chemist, won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his
work in stereochemistry and the architecture of molecules like
cholesterol and antibiotics. John Cornforth, Australia-born chemist,
also shared the prize.
{Nobel Prize, Chemistry, Switzerland, Australia}
(SFC, 1/17/98,
p.A19)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates)
1975 Oct, Aage Nills Bohr
(b.1922), Denmark-born physicist, won the Nobel Prize in Physics for
his study of the atomic nucleus. Ben Mottelson (b.1926),
Danish-American physicist and James Rainwater (1917-1986), American
physicist, also shared the prize.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates)
1975 Oct, Eugenio Montale
(1896-1981), Italian poet, won the Nobel Prize for Literature. In 1999
two collections of his poetry were translated and published in English:
Collected Poems 1920-1954" and "Satura 1962-1970."
(SFEC, 2/28/99, BR p.8)
1975 Dec 10, Elena Bonner
Sacharova (b.1923) read Andrei Sacharov’s Nobel Peace Prize acceptance
speech in Oslo.
(http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1975/sakharov-acceptance.html)
1976 Milton Friedman won the 1976
Nobel Prize in economics and retired to the Hoover Inst. at Stanford.
(WSJ, 7/9/96, p.A18)(WSJ, 5/27/98, p.A20)
1976 Oct 21, Saul Bellow won the
Nobel Prize for literature, the first American honored since John
Steinbeck in 1962.
(AP, 10/21/01)
1976 Baruch S. Blumberg of NASA
Ames Astrobiology Inst. won the Nobel Prize in medicine or physiology.
(SFC, 10/8/01, p.A17)
1976 Oct, Dr. Carleton Gajdusek
shared the Nobel Prize in medicine for proving the existence of a
certain kind of virus. In 1996 he was arrested for on charges of
molesting a teenage boy whom he brought from Micronesia to live with
him in Maryland.
(SFC, 4/4/96, p.A-3)
1976 Oct, Mairead Corrigan Maguire
was a co-winner of the Nobel Prize for Peace for her efforts to stop
bloodshed in Northern Ireland.
(SFC, 10/8/99, p.A12)
1976 Oct, Burton Richter of
Stanford and Samuel Ting of MIT won the Nobel Prize in Physics. Their
work with the SPEAR machine revealed the Psi-particle, a subatomic
object that lasts for a tiny fraction of a second. It confirmed that
protons and neutrons were composed of smaller quarks.
(SFC, 10/10/96, p.A1)(SFC, 5/1/97, p.A7)(SFC,
11/24/98, p.A20)
1977 Amnesty International
(b.1961), a human rights organization founded by Peter Benenson
(1921-2005), won a Nobel Prize.
(HN, 5/28/98)(Econ, 3/5/05, p.85)
1977 Sir Neville Mott (1906-1996)
shared the Nobel Prize with Philip Anderson and John van Vleck for
research on the behavior of electricity in non-crystalline or so-called
"disordered" materials.
(SFC, 8/11/96, p.D5)
1977 Ilya Prigogine (d.2003 at
86), Russian-born Belgian chemist, won the Nobel Prize in chemistry.
(SFC, 5/31/03, p.A20)
1977 Rosalyn Yalow (b.1921),
American medical physicist, together with Roger Guillemin and Andrew V.
Schally, won the Nobel Prize in Medicine.
(AP,
10/5/09)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosalyn_Sussman_Yalow)
1977 Vicente Aleixandre
(1898-1984), Spanish poet, won the Nobel Prize in Literature.
(AP, 10/8/09)
1978 Oct 5, Isaac Bashevis Singer
(1902-1991), Polish-born American author, was named winner of the Nobel
Prize for literature.
(AP, 10/5/98)
1978 Oct 27, Egyptian President
Anwar Sadat (1918-1981) and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin were
named winners of the Nobel Peace Prize for their progress toward
achieving a Middle East accord. Sadat: "There can be hope only for a
society which acts as one big family, and not as many separate ones."
(AP, 10/27/97)(AP, 5/9/98)(HN, 12/25/98)
1979 Oct 11, Allan McLeod Cormack
and Godfrey Newbold Hounsfield won Nobel Prize for medicine for
developing CAT scan.
(AP, 10/11/04)
1979 Oct 17, Mother Teresa of
India, head of the Missionaries of Charity, was awarded the Nobel Peace
Prize for her years of work on behalf of the destitute in Calcutta.
(SFC, 3/14/97, p.A13)(AP, 10/17/97)
1979 Sir Arthur Lewis, an
economist from St. Lucia, won the Nobel Prize in Economics.
(Econ, 9/6/08, p.90)
1979 Abdus Salam (1926-1990),
Pakistan-born physicist, shared the Nobel Prize in physics with Sheldon
Glashow and Steven Weinberg for work on unifying the electromagnetic
force and the weak nuclear force.
(SFC, 11/22/96,
p.A28)(www.nobelprizes.com/nobel/physics/1979b.html)
1979 Odysseus Elytis (1911-1996),
Greek poet, won the Nobel Prize in Literature.
(AP,
10/8/09)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odysseas_Elytis)
1980 Oct 14, Paul Berg of Stanford
Univ. won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry together with Walter Gilbert of
Harvard and Frederick Sanger of Cambridge for their roles in genetics
research.
(SFC, 10/8/01, p.A17)(SFC, 10/14/05, p.F2)
1980 Dec 10, Czeslaw Milosz of UC
Berkeley, a Polish-born American, received the Nobel Prize in
literature from King Carl Gustaf in Sweden.
(SFC, 12/9/05, p.F2)(AP, 10/8/09)
1980 Jean Dausset (1916-2009),
French immunologist, shared the Nobel Prize for medicine with Americans
George D. Snell and Baruj Benacerraf for their work on genetically
determined structures on cell surfaces that regulate immunological
reactions. Dausset's discovery in 1958 of the human leukocyte antigen
(HLA) tissue system allowed doctors to verify compatibility between
donor and receiver for an organ transplant.
(AP, 6/24/09)
1980 Lawrence R. Klein of the
United States won the Nobel Prize in Economics for the creation of
certain econometric models.
(AP, 10/11/09)
1980 Swedish-German philanthropist
Jakob von Uexkull founded the Right Livelihood Awards to
recognize work he felt was being ignored by the Nobel Prizes.
(AP, 10/13/09)
1981 James Tobin (d.2002), key
Kennedy advisor, won the Nobel Prize in economics for his portfolio
theory.
(WSJ, 3/13/02,
p.A1)(http://www.almaz.com/nobel/economics/1981a.html)
1981 Arthur Schawlow (d.1999 at
77) of Stanford won the Nobel Prize in Physics. He with his
brother-in-law and Charles Townes of UC Berkeley shared credit for
inventing the laser. They developed the laser in the 1950s and made a
working model in 1960 while working for Bell Laboratories.
(SFC, 10/10/96, p.A1)(SFC, 4/29/99, p.D6)
1981 Elias Canetti (1905-1994),
Bulgarian-born British novelist and essayist, won the Nobel Prize in
Literature. His ancestors were Sephardic Jews who had been expelled
from Spain in 1492.
(AP,
10/8/09)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elias_Canetti)
1982 Swedish scientists Dr. Sune
Karl Bergstrom (d.2004), Bengt Samuelsson and John R. Vane of Britain
shared the Nobel Prize for Physiology or medicine for their work on
natural chemicals involved in birth, blood clotting and pain control.
Samuelson received the Nobel Prize for his work in 1979 when he
identified a natural chemical produced in the body that helps spawn the
severe, breath shortening attacks that are the hallmark of asthma.
(WSJ, 4/5/96, p.B-1)(SFC, 8/19/04, p.B7)
1982 George Stigler (1911-1991) of
the Univ. of Chicago won the Nobel Prize in Economics for studies of
industrial structures and the causes and effects of public regulation.
(Econ, 11/25/06, p.80)(AP, 10/11/09)
1982 Gabriel Garcia Marquez
(b.1928), Columbian-born novelist, won the Nobel Prize in Literature.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Garc%C3%ADa_M%C3%A1rquez)
1983 Oct 5, Lech Walesa, Polish
Solidarity founder, was named winner of the Nobel Peace Prize.
(SFC, 10/12/96, p.A13)(AP, 10/5/08)
1983 Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
won the Nobel Prize in Physics for his insight into black holes.
Chandrasekhar was the nephew of Nobel-prize winning physicist C. V.
Raman.
(WSJ, 6/30/05,
p.D8)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subramanyan_Chandrasekhar)
1983 Gerard Debreu (1921-2004) of
UC Berkeley won the Nobel Prize in Economics for offering proof of how
prices affect the supplies of goods bought and sold.
(SFC, 10/8/01, p.A17)(SFC, 1/6/05, p.B1)
1983 William Golding (1911-1993),
English author, received the Nobel Prize for literature.
(WSJ, 10/5/95, p.A-12)
1983 Barbara McClintock
(1902-1992), American geneticist, won the Nobel prize.
{Nobel Prize, USA, DNA}
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_McClintock)
1983 Henry Taube won a Nobel Prize
in chemistry.
(SFC, 11/21/96, p.D4)
1984 Oct 16, Desmond Tutu, black
Anglican Archbishop in South Africa, won the Nobel Peace Prize for his
decades of non-violent struggle for racial equality.
(SFC, 6/23/96, BR, p.32)(AP, 10/16/04)
1984 Oct, Jaroslav Seifert of
Czechoslovakia won the Nobel Prize for literature.
(SFC, 3/30/02, p.A19)
1984 Oct, Richard Stone of Great
Britain, won the Nobel Prize in Economics for contributions to the
development of systems of national accounts.
(AP, 10/11/09)
1985 Franco Modigliani (d.2003 at
85), Italian economist at MIT, won the Nobel Prize in economics for his
research on savings habits of people and the market value of businesses.
(WSJ, 9/26/03, p.A1)(Econ, 11/14/09, p.88)
1985 The Nobel Peace Prize was
awarded to the International Physicians for the prevention of Nuclear
War. Dr. Bernard Lown, a Harvard cardiologist, accepted the prize on
behalf of the physicians.
(SFC, 10/12/96, p.A13)(SFEC, 12/8/96, zone 1
p.3)(SFC, 12/3/97, p.D3)
1985 Claude Simon (1913-2005,
French novelist, won the Nobel Prize in Literature.
(AP,
10/8/09)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Simon)
1986 Oct 14, Holocaust survivor
and human rights advocate Elie Wiesel in the US was named winner of the
Nobel Peace Prize.
(SFC, 10/12/96, p.A13)(AP, 10/14/97)
1986 Dec 10, Human rights advocate
and Holocaust survivor Elie Wiesel accepted the Nobel Peace Prize.
(AP, 12/10/06)
1986 The Nobel Prize in literature
was awarded to Wole Soyinka of Nigeria.
(WSJ, 10/15/96, p.A16)
1986 Rita Levi Montalcini
(b.1909), Italian scientist, shared the Nobel Prize for Medicine with
American Stanley Cohen for discovering mechanisms that regulate the
growth of cells and organs.
(AP, 4/19/09)
1986 James M. Buchanan Jr. of the
United States won the Nobel Prize in Economics for research in the
theory of economic and political decision-making.
(WSJ, 4/25/96, p.A-18)(AP, 10/11/09)
1987 Oct 13, Costa Rican President
Oscar Arias was named winner of the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts
on behalf of a Central American peace plan to end the war in Nicaragua.
(AP, 10/13/97)(WSJ, 12/12/97, p.A19)
1987 Oct 22, Nobel prize for
literature was awarded to Joseph Brodsky (1940-1996). At an interview
in the Stockholm airport, to a question: "You are an American citizen
who is receiving the Prize for Russian-language poetry. Who are you, an
American or a Russian?", he responded: "I am Jewish".
(http://tinyurl.com/zx2yz)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Brodsky)
1987 Donald J. Cram (d.2001 at 82)
won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for synthesizing molecules that
mimicked some chemistry reactions of life. He later created "prison:
molecules that enclosed smaller molecules.
(SFC, 6/22/01, p.D6)
1987 Susumu Tonegawa of Japan won
the Nobel Prize in medicine for the discovery of the process that
enables the body to produce thousands of different antibodies to fight
disease.
(SFEC, 10/8/96, A9)
1987 Robert M. Solow of the United
States won the Nobel Prize in Economics for contributions to the theory
of economic growth.
(AP, 10/11/09)
1988 Oct 13, Egyptian novelist
Naguib Mahfouz was named recipient of the Nobel Prize for Literature.
(AP, 10/13/98)
1988 Oct 18, Maurice Allais of
France won the Nobel Prize in economics for contributions to the theory
of markets and the efficient use of resources.
(SFC, 10/15/98, p.A2)(AP, 10/18/98)(AP, 10/11/09)
1988 Oct 19, Three West Germans
were named winners of the Nobel Prize in chemistry; three Americans
received the Nobel Prize in physics. Melvin Schwartz (1933-2006), Leon
Lederman and Jack Steinberger won the Nobel in Physics for their
research into the innermost structure and dynamics of matter. Their
work focused on the nature of neutrinos.
(AP, 10/19/98)(SFC, 8/29/06, p.B5)
1988 Gertrude B. Elion
(1918-1999), American biochemist, won the Nobel Prize in Medicine.
(AP,
10/5/09)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gertrude_B._Elion)
1988 The Nobel Peace Prize was
awarded to the UN Peacekeeping Operations.
(SFC, 10/12/96, p.A13)
1989 Oct 5, The Dalai Lama, the
spiritual and temporal leader of Tibet, was named winner of the Nobel
Peace Prize.
(WSJ, 12/2/98, p.A22)(AP, 10/5/99)
1989 Oct 19, Camilo Jose Cela
(d.2002 at 85)) of Spain received the Nobel Prize for literature.
(AP, 10/19/99)(WSJ, 1/18/02, p.A1)
1989 Oct, The Nobel Prize in
Economics was awarded to Trygve Haavelmo of Norway, for clarification
of the probability theory foundation of econometrics.
(SFC, 10/15/98, p.A2)(AP, 10/11/09)
1989 J. Michael Bishop and Harold
E. Varmus of the UC San Francisco won the Nobel Prize in medicine for
their 1976 discovery of a family of genes, oncogenes in chickens, that
helped scientists understand how cancer develops. In 1998 Robert
A. Weinberg published "One Renegade Cell," a primer on the discovery of
oncogenes.
(SFEC, 10/8/96, A9)(SFC, 2/6/98, p.A1)(WSJ,
11/25/98, p.A16)
1990 Oct 11, Octavio Paz was named
the winner of the Nobel Prize for literature, the first Mexican writer
so honored.
(SFC, 4/20/98, p.A17)(AP, 10/11/00)
1990 Oct 8, American doctors
Joseph E. Murray and E. Donnall Thomas were named recipients of the
Nobel Prize in medicine for their discoveries about organ and cell
transplantation in the treatment of human disease. In 1954 a Boston a
team led by Dr. Joseph Murray at Peter Bent Brigham Hospital performed
the 1st successful transplant of a kidney between identical twins.
(SFEC, 10/8/96, A9)(SFEC, 1/30/00, p.A14)(AP,
10/8/00)(SFC, 12/3/01, p.A17)
1990 The Nobel Prize for economics
was awarded to Merton M. Miller (d.2000) of the Univ. of Chicago for
his work in the theory of financial economics. William F. Sharpe of
Stanford Univ. and Harry Markowitz were also winners. Harry Markowitz
won the Nobel Prize for his 1952 theory behind portfolio
diversification.
(WSJ, 10/11/95, p. A-1)(WSJ, 4/25/96, p.A-18)(WSJ,
10/21/96, p.A18)(SFC, 10/15/98, p.A2)(SFC, 6/5/00, p.A17)
1990 Soviet President Mikhail S.
Gorbachev won the Nobel Peace Prize.
(AP, 6/5/01)
1990 Richard Taylor of Stanford
won the Nobel Prize in Physics. He shared the prize with Prof. Henry W.
Kendall (d.1999 at 72) for experimental work that led to proof of the
existence of quarks.
(SFC, 10/10/96, p.A1)(SFC, 2/17/99, p.C3)
1991 Jun 5, Soviet President
Mikhail S. Gorbachev delivered his delayed Nobel Peace lecture in Oslo,
Norway, warning that Western failure to heed his call for economic aid
could dash hopes for a peaceful new world order.
(AP, 6/5/01)
1991 Oct 3, South African author
Nadine Gordimer was named winner of the Nobel Prize in literature.
(SFEC, 1/11/98, BR p.3)(AP, 10/3/01)
1991 Oct 14, Burmese opposition
leader Aung San Suu Kyi was named winner of the Nobel Peace Prize for
her non-violent promotion of democracy. Her award was accepted by her
husband, Michael Aris (d.1999 at 53) and their sons. A collection of
her writings is titled "Freedom From Fear."
(SFC, 5/22/96, p.C-1)(SFEC, 3/28/99, p.D6)(AP,
10/14/01)
1991 Erwin Neher and Bert Sakmann
of Germany won the Nobel Prize in medicine for their discoveries
concerning single ion channels that shed light on mechanisms underlying
several diseases, including diabetes and cystic fibrosis.
(SFEC, 10/8/96, A9)
1991 The Nobel Prize in economics
was awarded to Ronald H. Coase of Britain for "the discovery and
clarification of the significance of transaction costs and property
rights for the institutional structure and functioning of the economy."
Coase noted that the cost of gathering information determines the size
of organizations.
(WSJ, 10/11/95, p. A-1)(SFC, 10/15/98, p.A2)(SSFC,
1/11/04, p.D1)
1992 Oct 8, West Indian poet Derek
Walcott was named winner of the Nobel Prize in literature.
(AP, 10/8/97)
1992 Oct 14, The Nobel Prize for
chemistry went to American Rudolph A. Marcus; the prize for physics
went to George Charpak of France.
(AP, 10/14/97)
1992 The Nobel Prize in economics
was awarded to Gary S. Becker of Stanford’s Hoover Inst. for "having
extended the domain of microeconomic analysis to a wide range of human
behavior and interaction, including non-market behavior." A collection
of his essays from Business Week was published in 1996 as: "The
Economics of Life." Also published was his new book "Accounting for
Tastes."
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_Becker)(WSJ,
11/19/96, p.A20)(SFC, 10/8/01, p.A17)
1992 The Nobel Prize in Literature
was awarded to Derek Walcott. In 1997 his collection of poems "The
Bounty" was published.
(SFEC, 7/13/97, BR p.1)
1992 The Nobel Prize in medicine
was awarded to Edwin G. Krebs of the US and Edmund H. Fischer (US &
Switz.) for discoveries concerning the process of reversible protein
phosphorylation that helped explain how imbalances in cells caused
diseases.
(SFEC, 10/8/96, A9)
1993 Oct 15, Nelson Mandela and
F.W. de Klerk were named winners of the Nobel Peace Prize for their
efforts to end apartheid.
(AP, 10/15/98)
1993 Russell Hulse and Joseph
Taylor won the Nobel Prize in Physics for their discovery of the first
binary pulsar and for subsequent studies leading to a verification of
the theory of general relativity for a system outside our solar system.
In 1974 they recorded an indirect sighting of gravitational waves when
they showed a pair of stars spiraling towards each other was radiating
energy in the form of gravitational waves at exactly the same rate
predicted by Einstein.
(Econ, 6/24/06,
p.94)(www.aip.org/pnu/1993/split/pnu147-1.htm)
1993 The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
was awarded to Kary B. Mullis for developing the polymerase chain
reaction (PCR) for identifying fragments of DNA.
(SFC, 7/18/00, p.A8)
1993 The Nobel Prize in economics
was awarded to Robert W. Fogel for "having renewed research in economic
history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order
to explain economic and institutional change." Douglas C. North of
Stanford’s Hoover Inst. also shared in the prize.
(WSJ, 10/11/95, p. A-1)(SFC, 10/15/98, p.A2)(SFC,
10/8/01, p.A17)
1993 The Nobel Prize in medicine
was awarded to Richard J. Roberts of Britain and Philip A. Sharp of the
US for discovery of split genes that changed how scientists look at
evolution and advanced research on hereditary diseases, including some
cancers.
(SFEC, 10/8/96, A9)
1993 Toni Morrison (b.1931,
American novelist, won the Nobel Prize in Literature. Her novels are
known for their epic themes, vivid dialogue, and richly detailed black
characters. Among her best known novels are “The Bluest Eye,” “Song of
Solomon,” and “Beloved,” which won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in
1988.
(AP,
10/8/09)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toni_Morrison)
1994 Oct 13, Kenzabuto Oe,
Japanese novelist, won the Noble prize for literature. His work
included "An Echo of Heaven."
(SFC, 7/7/96, BR p.9)(AP, 10/13/99)(SSFC, 3/3/02,
p.M3)
1994 Oct 10, Americans Alfred G.
Gilman and Martin Rodbell won the Nobel Prize in medicine.
(AP, 10/10/99)
1994 Oct 12,
American Clifford G. Shull and Canadian Bertram N. Brockhouse won
the Nobel physics prize; American George A. Olah won the Nobel
chemistry prize.
(AP, 10/12/04)
1994 Oct 14, The Nobel Peace Prize
was awarded to PLO leader Yasser Arafat, Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak
Rabin and Israeli Foreign Minister Shimon Peres.
(SFC, 10/12/96, p.A13)(AP, 10/14/99)
1994 Oct, John Forbes Nash Jr.
(66) won the Nobel Prize for Economic Science based on his work in game
theory which proved that there is always one set of strategies in which
no player can improve his situation by switching to a different
strategy. Nash spent many years debilitated by paranoid schizophrenia.
In 1998 Sylvia Nasar published Nash’s biography: "A Beautiful Mind." In
2001 a film opened based on the book.
{Economics, Nobel Prize}
(WSJ, 6/19/98, p.W9)(NW, 1/14/02,
p.68)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Forbes_Nash)
1994 Dec 10, Yasser Arafat, Shimon
Peres and Yitzhak Rabin received the Nobel Peace Prize, pledging to
pursue their mission of healing the anguished Middle East.
(AP, 12/10/99)
1995 Oct 10, The Nobel Prize in
chemistry was won by Mario Molina of MIT, Sherwood Rowland of UC
Irvine, & Dutch scientist Paul Crutzen for the study of Earth's
ozone layer and their controversial work warning that gases once used
in spray cans and other items were eating away Earth’s ozone layer.
(WSJ, 10/11/95, p. A-1)(AP, 10/11/00)
1995 Oct 10, The Nobel Prize in
Economic Science was awarded to Robert E. Lucas of the Univ. of Chicago
for his theory of "rational expectations." He demonstrated how people’s
fears and expectations can frustrate policymakers’ efforts to shape the
economy.
(WSJ, 10/11/95, p. A-1)(AP, 10/10/00)
1995 Oct 5, Seamus Heaney won the
Nobel Prize in literature. His poetic works portray the pain of
sectarian strife and growing up in a Roman Catholic farming family. His
works include: "Death of a Naturalist" (1966), "Door into the Dark"
(1969), "North" (1975), "Field Work" (1979), "The Spirit Level" (1996)
and the Nobel lecture "Crediting Poetry."
(WSJ, 10/6/95, p.A-1)(SFEC, 8/25/96, BR p.8)
1995 Oct 9, The Nobel Prize in
medicine was awarded to Edward Lewis of Caltech, Eric Wieschaus of
Princeton, and Christiane Nuesslein-Volhard of Germany's Max Planck
Inst. They all studied genes in relation to embryonic development. They
unraveled the developmental genetics of the fruit fly Drosophila and
discovered homologs of the same genes in vertebrates.
(WSJ, 10/10/95, p.A-1)(NH, 2/97, p.70)
1995 Oct 10, The physics prize
went to Martin Perl of Stanford and Frederick Reines (d.1998 at 80) of
UC Irvine for discovering the subatomic neutrino particle. Perl helped
discover the tau lepton in 1975, a particle that resembles an electron
but is 30,000 times heavier.
(WSJ, 10/11/95, p. A-1)(SFC, 5/1/97, p.A7)(SFC,
8/28/98, p.D7)
1995 Oct 13, Joseph Rotblat
(1909-2005), a Polish-born British physicist and the anti-nuclear group
he founded, the Pugwash Conference (1957), were named winners of the
1995 Nobel Peace Prize.
(AP, 10/13/00)(SFC, 9/2/05, p.B5)
1996 Oct 9, The Nobel Prize in
Chemistry went to two Americans and a Briton: Robert F. Curl, Richard
E. Smalley (b.1943) and Harold W. Kroto for their discovery of hollow
molecules of carbon called fullerenes or buckyballs first proposed in
1985. The 60 carbon atom is called a buckminsterfullerene.
(SFC, 10/10/96, p.A15)(AP, 10/9/97)
1996 Oct 8, The Nobel Prize in
economics was won by British professor James Mirlees of Cambridge and
American economist William Vickrey (1914-1996) at Columbia Univ. for
their studies on asymmetric information which helps to explain decision
making based on varying kinds and amounts of data. The 82-year-old
Vickrey died just three days later.
(SFEC, 10/9/96, p.A8)(AP, 10/8/97)
1996 Oct 3, Wislawa Szymborska,
Polish poet, won the Nobel Prize for poetry. Her work included the
transl. collection: "View With a Grain of Sand," her debut collection
"That’s Why We Are Alive" (1952), Salt (1962), "The People on the
Bridge" (1986), and "The End and the Beginning" (1993).
(AP, 10/3/97)(WSJ, 10/4/96, p.A7)
1996 Oct 7, The Nobel Prize in
Medicine was won by Australian Peter C. Doherty and Rolf M. Zinkernagel
from Switzerland for their work on how the immune system recognizes
infected cells.
(SFEC, 10/8/96, A9)
1996 Oct 11, The Nobel Peace Prize
was awarded to Roman Catholic Bishop Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo of East
Timor and Jose Ramos-Horta, in exile in Australia, for their work to
end oppression and violence in East Timor.
(SFC, 10/12/96, p.A1) (AP, 10/11/97)
1996 Oct 9, The Nobel Prize in
Physics went to three Americans: David Lee, Douglas Osheroff and Robert
Richardson for their work on liquid helium-3, which they found forms a
superfluid at very cold temperatures.
(SFC, 10/10/96, p.A15)(AP, 10/9/97)
1996 Dec 10, Roman Catholic Bishop
Filipe Ximenes Belo and exiled activist Jose Ramos Horta, opponents of
Indonesia's occupation of East Timor, accepted the Nobel Peace Prize.
(AP, 12/10/97)
1997 Oct 14, Myron Scholes of
Stanford, and Robert Merton of Harvard won the Nobel Prize in Economics
for their work on valuing stock options and other investments.
(SFC, 10/15/97, p.A1)(AP, 10/14/98)
1997 Oct 9, Dario Fo (71), an
Italian playwright and performer, received the Nobel Prize in
literature. The leftist playwright had been prosecuted by Italy,
denounced by Roman Catholic Church leaders and barred from the United
States. His work included: "Archangels Don’t Play Pinball" (1960),
"Mistero Biffo," (Comic Mystery) written in 1969, and "Accidental Death
of an Anarchist" (1970), "We Can’t Pay, We Don’t Pay" (1974) and
"Orgasmo Adulto Escapes From the Zoo."
(SFC, 10/10/97, p.A1)(WSJ, 10/10/97, p.A20)(SFEC,
8/23/98, DB p.13)(AP, 10/9/98)
1997 Oct 6, Dr. Stanley B.
Prusiner, a neurologist from UC, won the Nobel Prize for his discovery
of the new class of proteins called prions described as "an entirely
new genre of disease-causing agents." [see 1982] In 1998 researchers at
UCSF developed a sensitive technique for rapid detection of the
infectious proteins.
(SFC, 10/7/97, p.A1)(SFC, 9/30/98, p.A7)(AP, 10/6/98)
1997 Oct 10, The Nobel Peace Prize
was awarded to Jody Williams and the Int’l. Campaign to Ban Land Mines
(ICBL). There were an estimated 100 million anti-personnel mines buried
around the world that killed or wounded some 26,000 people each year.
(SFC, 10/11/97, p.A9)(AP, 10/10/98)
1998 Oct 8, The Nobel Prize for
Literature was awarded to Jose Saramago (75) of Portugal. His work
included "The History of the Siege of Lisbon" (1989), "Blindness,"
"Memorial do Convento" (Baltasar and Blimunda, 1982), "The Year of the
Death of Ricardo Reis" (1984) "The Gospel According to Jesus Christ"
(1991) and "The Stone Raft."
(USAT, 10/9/98, p.16A)(SFC, 10/9/98, p.A2)
1998 Oct 12, The Nobel Prize in
medicine was awarded to 3 Americans, Robert F. Furchgott (82), Louis
Ignarro (57) and Ferid Murad (62), for their work on nitric oxide gas
in biochemical functions in the human body.
(SFC, 10/13/98, p.A1,13)
1998 Oct 13, The Nobel Prize in
physics was awarded to Robert B. Laughlin of Stanford, Horst L. Stormer
of Columbia Univ. and Daniel C. Tsui of Princeton for their work on the
fractional quantum Hall effect where groups of electrons act as if they
are quarks.
(SFC, 10/14/98, p.A1,6)
1998 Oct 13, The Nobel Prize in
chemistry went to Walter Kohn of UC Santa Barbara and John Pople
(d.2004) of Northwestern Univ. for their work in computational
chemistry.
(SFC, 10/14/98, p.A1)(SFC, 3/19/04, p.B7)
1998 Oct 14, Amartya K. Sen (64),
a philosophy and economics researcher from India, won the Nobel Prize
in Economics for his work in exploring the causes of poverty and
famine. He had just left Harvard Univ. to take over Trinity College in
Cambridge, England.
(SFC, 10/15/98, p.A2)(WSJ, 10/15/98, p.B1)
1998 Oct 16, The Nobel Peace Prize
was awarded to John Hume, head of the Irish Catholic Social Democratic
and Labor Party, and to David Trimble, leader of the Protestant Ulster
Unionist Party.
(SFEC, 10/18/98, p.D1)(AP, 10/16/99)
1999 Sep 30, Gunter Grass, German
novelist, won the Nobel Prize for Literature and cited his 1959 novel
"Tin Drum" for restoring honor to German literature.
(SFC, 10/1/99, p.A2)
1999 Oct 12, Ahmed H. Zewail, an
Egyptian chemist at the California Inst. of Tech., won the Nobel Prize
in Chemistry for finding a way to freeze-frame the private matings of
molecules using ultra fast laser probes.
(SFC, 10/13/99, p.A2)
1999 Oct 13, Robert A. Mundell
(66), a Canadian born professor at Columbia Univ., won the Nobel Prize
in Economics for his study of cross-border capital flows, flexible
foreign exchange rates, and supply side economics. A 1961 paper by
Mundell had pioneered the theory of an “optimal currency area,” which
later helped shape the euro zone.
(WSJ, 10/14/99, p.A2)(Econ, 6/13/09, SR p.10)
1999 Oct 11, Dr. Guenter Blobel, a
German American researcher of Rockefeller Univ., was awarded the Nobel
Prize for medicine or physiology for his work on how the body puts
addresses on individual proteins so that they arrive at a correct
location.
(SFC, 10/12/99, p.A3)(WSJ, 10/12/99, p.A1)
1999 Oct 12, Professors Gerardus
't Hooft and Martinus J.G. Veltman of the Netherlands won the Nobel
Prize in Physics for the invention of mathematical tools to calculate
properties of fundamental particles. From 1981 to his retirement in
1997, Veltman was an active member of the Univ. of Michigan physics
department.
(SFC, 10/13/99, p.A2)(MT, Fall/99, p.7)
2000 Oct 10, The Nobel Prize in
chemistry was awarded to Alan Heeger (64) of UC Santa Barbara, Alan
MacDiarmed (73) of Univ. of Pennsylvania, and Hideki Shirakawa (64) of
the Univ. of Tsukuba for their work in modifying plastics to conduct
electricity.
(SFC, 10/11/00, p.A6)(Econ, 9/16/06, p.89)
2000 Oct 11, The Nobel Prize in
economics went to Daniel McFadden (63) of UC Berkeley for developing
ways of analyzing consumer decisions and to James Heckman of Univ. of
Chicago for developing techniques to strip out hidden biases in studies
of the labor force.
(SFC, 10/12/00, p.A1)
2000 Oct 12, The Nobel Prize in
literature was won by Gao Xingjian (60), an exiled Chinese writer
living in Paris. His novels include "Soul Mountain," based on a 1986
walking tour along the Yangtze River.
(SFC, 10/13/00, p.A16)
2000 Oct 9, The Nobel Prize in
physiology or medicine was awarded to Paul Greengard and Eric Kandel of
the US and Arvid Carlsson of Sweden for research in how memory works
and for laying the foundation for the development of anti-depressants.
In 2006 Kandel authored “In search of Memory: The Emergence of a New
Science of Mind.”
(SFC, 10/10/00, p.A3)(Econ, 3/4/06, p.78)
2000 Oct 13, The Nobel Peace Prize
was awarded to Pres. Kim Dae Jung (74) of South Korea for his efforts
to make peace with North Korea.
(SFC, 10/14/00, p.A1)
2000 Oct 10, The Nobel Prize in
physics was awarded to Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments, co-inventor of
the computer chip, Herbert Kroemer (72) of UC Santa Barbara and Zhores
Alferov (70) of Russia for work in high-speed transistors and tiny
lasers.
(SFC, 10/11/00, p.A1,6)
2000 Dec 10, Jack S. Kilby
(1923-2005) received the Nobel Prize in Physics for his invention of
the microchip (1958). Zhores Alferov of Russia and Herbert Kroemer of
UC Santa Barbara shared the prize for their work on heterostructure
semiconductors.
(SFC, 12/11/00, p.A2)(SFC, 6/22/05, p.A5)
2001 Oct 8, Leland Hartwell of the
Seattle Hutchinson Cancer Research Center won the Nobel Prize in
Medicine along with Paul Nurse and Timothy Hunt of London’s Imperial
Cancer Research Fund for their work in the mechanics of cell division.
(SFC, 10/8/01, p.B3)
2001 Oct 9, The Nobel Prize in
Physics was awarded to Eric Cornell, Carl Wiemann and Wolfgang
Ketterlie of the US for their discovery of the Bose-Einstein
condensate, a new state of matter. The condensate, which they created
in 1995, had been predicted by Einstein in 1924.
(WSJ, 10/10/01, p.A1)(SFC, 10/10/01, p.A17)(SSFC,
8/21/05, p.A3)
2001 Oct 10, The Nobel Prize in
Economics was awarded to George Akerlof of UC Berkeley, Michael Spence
of Stanford, and Joseph Stiglitz of Columbia Univ. Akerlof won in part
for his classic paper explaining how, if sellers know more than buyers,
markets may fail.
(SFC, 10/11/01, p.D1)(Econ, 3/28/09, p.88)
2001 Oct 11, Vidiadhar S, Naipaul
(b.1932), Trinidad-born English novelist, won the Nobel Prize in
Literature. His books included: "A House for Mr. Biswas," "Guerrillas"
(1975), "Among the Believers" (1981), and "The Enigma of Arrival"
(1987).
(SFC, 10/12/01, p.C1)(WSJ, 10/12/01, p.A1,W17)
2001 Oct 12, Kofi Annan, Sec. Gen.
of the UN, and the UN itself won the Nobel Peace Prize.
(SFC, 10/13/01, p.A13)
2002 Oct 7, The Nobel Prize for
Medicine went to Sydney Brenner and John E. Sulston of Britain and H.
Robert Horvitz of the US for their work on how genes regulate organ
development and cell death.
(ADN, 10/8/02, p.A4)(SFC, 10/8/02, p.A2)
2002 Oct 8, Masatoshi Koshiba (76)
was named one of this year's Nobel Prize winners for Physics, marking
Japan's third science Nobel in as many years. Riccardo Giacconi (71) of
Assoc. Univ. in Washington DC and Raymond Davis Jr. (87) of Univ. of
Pennsylvania shared the prize awarded for their work on neutrinos that
revised thinking about the nature of the universe.
(AP, 10/8/02)(SFC, 10/9/02, p.A2)(WSJ, 10/9/02, p.A1)
2002 Oct 9, Daniel Kahneman, 68, a
U.S. and Israeli citizen based at Princeton University in New Jersey
and Vernon L. Smith, 75, of George Mason University in Fairfax, Va.,
won the Nobel prize for economics for pioneering the use of
psychological and experimental economics in decision-making. Kahneman,
an economic behaviouralist, believed people tend to judge their
well-being relative to others rather than in absolute terms.
(AP, 10/9/02)(Econ, 8/30/03, p.56)
2002 Oct 9, Koichi Tanaka (43),
research scientist for precision equipment maker Shimadzu Corporation,
won Japan's second Nobel prize. His development of methods of analysing
proteins, along with work by John Fenn of the United States and Kurt
Wuethrich of Switzerland, paved the way for new drugs to tackle diseases
(AP, 10/9/02)
2002 Oct 10, Imre Kertesz (72), a
Hungarian novelist and secular Jew, won the Nobel Prize for literature.
His books included "Fiasco" (1988) and "Kaddish for a Child Not Born"
(1990).
(SFC, 10/11/02, p.A2)(SFC, 12/5/02, p.E5)
2002 Oct 11, Former US Pres.
Carter won the Nobel Peace prize.
(SFC, 10/12/02, p.A1)
2003 Oct 2, South Africa's J.M.
Coetzee, whose stories tell of innocents and outcasts oppressed by the
cruel weight of history, won the 2003 Nobel Prize for literature. His
books included "Dusklands" (1974), "In the heart of the Country"
(1977), "Waiting for the Barbarians" (1980), "Life and Times of Michael
K" (1983) and "Disgrace" (1999).
(AP, 10/2/03)(WSJ, 10/14/03, p.D10)
2003 Oct 6, The annual Nobel Prize
in Medicine went to Paul C. Lauterbur (74) of the Univ. of Illinois and
Sir Peter Mansfield (69) of the Univ. of Nottingham, for their work
that led to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
(SFC, 10/7/03, p.A2)
2003 Oct 7, Three scientists who
worked separately to explain the nature of matter at extremely low
temperatures won the 2003 Nobel Prize for Physics. Russians Vitaly
Ginzburg (87), Alexei Abrikosov (75) and British-born Anthony Leggett
(65), worked on theories that led to the development of magnetic
imaging scanners.
(Reuters, 10/7/03)(SFC, 10/8/03, p.A2)
2003 Oct 8, Americans Peter Agre
and Roderick MacKinnon won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for studies of
tiny transportation tunnels in cell walls, work that illuminates
diseases of the heart, kidneys and nervous system.
(AP, 10/8/03)
2003 Oct 8, The Bank of Sweden
Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel was awarded to
American Robert F. Engle (60) of NY Univ. and Briton Clive W.G. Granger
(1934-2009) of visiting scholar at Canterbury Univ. in New Zealand for
their work in statistical techniques to measure investment risk and
track economic trends.
(WSJ, 10/9/03, p.A2)(USAT, 10/9/03, p.8B)(SFC,
6/3/09, p.B5)
2004 Oct 4, Americans Dr. Richard
Axel (58) of Columbia Univ. and Linda Buck (57) of the Fred Hutchinson
Cancer Center in Seattle won the Nobel Prize in Medicine for their 1991
discovery of how people recognize odors. In 2008 Linda Buck and her
co-authors retracted their 2001 paper on smell due to inconsistencies
on data.
(SFC, 10/5/04, p.A5)(SFC, 3/7/08, p.A6)
2004 Oct 5, Americans David J.
Gross, H. David Politzer and Frank Wilczek won the 2004 Nobel Prize in
physics for their explanation of the force that binds particles inside
the atomic nucleus. Tehir theory of quantum chromodynamics explained
who quarks behave.
(AP, 10/5/04)(SFC, 10/6/04, p.A2)
2004 Oct 6, American Irwin Rose
and Israelis Aaron Ciechanover and Avram Hershko won the 2004 Nobel
Prize in chemistry for discovering a key way cells destroy unwanted
proteins, the ubiquitin proteasome system, in the late 1970s and early
1980s.
(AP, 10/6/04)(SFC, 10/7/04,
p.A2)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteasome)
2004 Oct 7, Austria's Elfriede
Jelinek won the Nobel Prize for Literature for novels and plays that
depict violence against women, explore sexuality and condemn far-right
politics in Europe. Her books included “The Piano Teacher” (1988),
which was adopted for a 2001 film.
(AP, 10/7/04)(SFC, 10/8/04, p.A4)
2004 Oct 8, Wangari Maathai (64)
of Kenya won the 2004 Nobel Peace Prize. During the 1980s and 1990s,
she also campaigned against government oppression and founded Kenya's
Green Party in 1987. She was repeatedly arrested and beaten for
protesting former President Daniel arap Moi's environmental policies
and human rights record. In 1991 Maathai won the Goldman Environmental
Prize.
(AP, 10/8/04)(SFC, 10/9/04, p.A14)
2004 Oct 11, Edward C. Prescott
(63), an American, and Finn E. Kydland (60), a Norwegian, won the 2004
Nobel Memorial Prize in economics for shedding light on how government
policies and actions affect economies around the world. In a 1977 paper
they demonstrated the importance of credibility in economic policy.
(AP, 10/11/04)(Econ, 10/16/04, p.74)
2005 Oct 3, Australians Barry J.
Marshall and Robin Warren won the 2005 Nobel Prize in medicine for
showing that bacterial infection, not stress, was to blame for painful
ulcers in the stomach and intestine.
(AP, 10/3/05)
2005 Oct 4, Americans John L. Hall
and Roy J. Glauber and German Theodor W. Haensch won the 2005 Nobel
Prize in physics for work that could lead to better long-distance
communication and more precise navigation worldwide and in space.
(AP, 10/4/05)
2005 Oct 5, Americans Robert H.
Grubbs and Richard R. Schrock and Yves Chauvin of France won the Nobel
Prize in chemistry for their work in metathesis, a technique for moving
groups of atoms from one molecule to another. Their discoveries let
industry create drugs and advanced plastics in a more efficient and
environmentally friendly way.
(AP, 10/5/05)(Econ, 10/8/05, p.87)
2005 Oct 6, Gregg Miller won the
Ig Nobel Prize for medicine for his prosthetic testicles for neutered
dogs. Miller has sold more than 150,000 of his Neuticles, more than
doubling his $500,000 investment. The silicone implants come in
different sizes, shapes, weights and degrees of firmness. Other winners
included Nigerian Internet scammers and a team that calculated the
pressures created when penguins poop.
(AP, 10/7/05)
2005 Oct 7, Mohamed ElBaradei and
the International Atomic Energy Agency won the 2005 Nobel Peace Prize
for their drive to curb the spread of atomic weapons by using diplomacy
to resolve standoffs with Iran and North Korea over their nuclear
programs.
(AP, 10/7/05)
2005 Oct 10, Robert J. Aumann of
Israel and Thomas C. Schelling of the Univ. of Maryland won the 2005
Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for their work in game theory
that explains political and economic conflicts, arms races and even
preventing warfare.
(AP, 10/10/05)
2005 Oct 13, British playwright
Harold Pinter, who juxtaposed the brutal and the banal in such works as
"The Caretaker" and "The Birthday Party" and made an art form out of
spare language and unbearable silence, won the 2005 Nobel Prize in
literature.
(AP, 10/13/05)
2005 Dec 10, In Norway Chief UN
nuclear inspector Mohamed ElBaradei accepted the 2005 Nobel Peace
Prize, sharing the award with his International Atomic Energy Agency
for efforts to control the spread of nuclear weapons. The other Nobel
Prizes were awarded in Sweden.
(AP, 12/10/05)
2006 Oct 2, Americans Andrew Z.
Fire and Craig C. Mello won the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine
for discovering a powerful way to turn off the effect of specific
genes, opening a new avenue for disease treatment.
(AP, 10/2/06)
2006 Oct 3, Americans John C.
Mather and George F. Smoot won the 2006 Nobel Prize in physics for work
that helped cement the big-bang theory of the universe and deepen
understanding of the origin of galaxies and stars.
(AP, 10/3/06)
2006 Oct 4, American Roger D.
Kornberg, whose father won a Nobel Prize a half-century ago, was
awarded the prize in chemistry for his studies of how cells take
information from genes to produce proteins.
(AP, 10/4/06)
2006 Oct 9, American Edmund S.
Phelps won the 2006 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for
explaining the relationship between inflation and unemployment, work
that has had a profound impact on macroeconomic policy.
(AP, 10/9/06)
2006 Oct 12, Turkish novelist
Orhan Pamuk won the Nobel literature prize for his works dealing with
the symbols of clashing cultures. His uncommon lyrical gifts and
uncompromising politics have brought him acclaim worldwide and
prosecution at home.
(AP, 10/12/06)
2007 Oct 8, Two American
scientists and a Briton won the 2007 Nobel Prize in medicine on for
groundbreaking discoveries that led to a powerful technique for
manipulating mouse genes. Mario R. Capecchi (70) of the University of
Utah in Salt Lake City; Oliver Smithies (82) a native of Britain now at
University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill, and Sir Martin J. Evans
(66) of Cardiff University in Wales shared the prize.
(AP, 10/8/07)
2007 Oct 9, Two European
scientists won the 2007 Nobel Prize in physics for a discovery that
lets computers, iPods and other digital devices store reams of data on
ever-shrinking hard disks. France's Albert Fert and German Peter
Gruenberg independently described giant magnetoresistance in 1988, then
saw the electronics industry apply it in disks with incredible amounts
of storage.
(AP, 10/9/07)
2007 Oct 10, Gerhard Ertl of
Germany won the 2007 Nobel Prize in chemistry for studies of chemical
reactions on solid surfaces, which are key to understanding questions
like how pollution eats away at the ozone layer.
(AP, 10/10/07)
2007 Oct 11, Doris Lessing,
British author of dozens of works from short stories to science
fiction, including the classic "The Golden Notebook," won the Nobel
Prize for literature. She was praised by the judges for her
"skepticism, fire and visionary power."
(AP, 10/11/07)
2007 Oct 12, Former Vice President
Al Gore and the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change won the
2007 Nobel Peace Prize for spreading awareness of man-made climate
change and laying the foundations for counteracting it.
(AP, 10/12/07)(SFC, 10/13/07, p.A8)
2007 Oct 15,
Americans Leonid Hurwicz (d.2008 at 90), Eric S. Maskin and Roger
B. Myerson won the Nobel economics prize for developing a theory that
helps explain how sellers and buyers can maximize their gains from a
transaction.
(AP, 10/15/07)(SFC, 6/26/08, p.B5)
2008 Oct 6, Three European
scientists shared the 2008 Nobel Prize in medicine for separate
discoveries of viruses that cause AIDS and cervical cancer,
breakthroughs that helped doctors fight the deadly diseases. French
researchers Francoise Barre-Sinoussi and Luc Montagnier were cited for
their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV; while
Germany's Harald zur Hausen was honored for finding human papilloma
viruses that cause cervical cancer.
(AP, 10/6/08)
2008 Oct 7, The Royal Swedish
Academy of Sciences announced that two Japanese citizens and a
Japanese-born American won the 2008 Nobel Prize in physics for
discoveries in the world of subatomic physics.
(AP, 10/7/08)
2008 Oct 8, The Royal Swedish
Academy of Sciences said two Americans and a US-based Japanese
scientist won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for discovering and
developing a glowing jellyfish protein that revolutionized the ability
to study disease and normal development in living organisms. Japan's
Osamu Shimomura and Americans Martin Chalfie and Roger Tsien shared the
prize for their work on green fluorescent protein, or GFP. Shimomura
discovered the jellyfish protein in 1961. In the early 1990s Douglas
Prasher conducted research on the jellyfish gene that made Chalfie’s
and Tsien’s work possible.
(AP, 10/8/08)(SFC, 10/21/08, p.A6)
2008 Oct 9, The Swedish Academy
announced French novelist Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clezio (b.1940) as the
2008 Nobel Prize in literature for his poetic adventure and "sensual
ecstasy." Le Clezio made his breakthrough as a novelist with "Desert,"
in 1980.
(AP, 10/9/08)
2008 Oct 10, Finland's
ex-president Martti Ahtisaari won the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts
to build a lasting peace from Africa and Asia to Europe and the Middle
East. The Norwegian Nobel Committee said it honored Ahtisaari for
important efforts over more than three decades to resolve international
conflicts.
(AP, 10/10/08)
2008 Oct 13, Paul Krugman, the
Princeton University scholar and New York Times columnist, won the
Nobel prize in economics for his analysis of how economies of scale can
affect trade patterns and the location of economic activity. The Royal
Swedish Academy of Sciences praised Krugman for formulating a new
theory to answer questions about free trade and said his theory has
inspired an enormous field of research.
(AP, 10/13/08)(Econ, 10/18/08, p.90)
2008 Dec 10, The Nobel Prizes were
awarded in twin ceremonies in Stockholm and Oslo.
(AP, 12/10/08)
2009 Oct 1, The 19th annual Ig
Nobel Prizes were awarded at Harvard. The physics prize went to a study
of why pregnant women don’t tip over. The chemistry prize was awarded
to scientists who turned tequila into diamonds. The veterinary medicine
prize was given for finding that cows that have names make more milk
than those who remain anonymous. The medicine prize went to a physician
who, for fifty years, cracked the knuckles on only his left hand to
test his mother’s contention that knuckle-cracking causes arthritis.
(http://tinyurl.com/yc5pndy)
2009 Oct 5, Americans Elizabeth H.
Blackburn, Carol W. Greider and Jack W. Szostak won the 2009 Nobel
Prize in medicine for discovering a key mechanism in the genetic
operations of cells, an insight that has inspired new lines of research
into cancer.
(AP, 10/5/09)
2009 Oct 6, Three Americans whose
research in the 1960s laid the foundation for digital images and
lightning-fast communication shared the 2009 Nobel Prize in physics for
their work developing fiber-optic cable and the sensor at the heart of
digital cameras. Charles K. Kao (75) was cited for discovering how to
transmit light signals over long distances through glass fibers as thin
as a human hair. His 1966 breakthrough led to the creation of modern
fiber-optic communication networks. Willard S. Boyle (85) and George E.
Smith (79) were honored for inventing the eye of the digital camera.
(AP, 10/6/09)
2009 Oct 7, Venkatraman
Ramakrishnan (57), Indian-born American, Yale Prof. Thomas Steitz (69)
and Israeli Ada Yonath (70)won the 2009 Nobel Prize in chemistry for
atom-by-atom mapping of the protein-making factories within cells, a
feat that has spurred the development of antibiotics. Their work on
ribosomes has been fundamental to the scientific understanding of life.
They will split the 10 million (US$1.4 million award).
(AP, 10/7/09)
2009 Oct 8, Herta Mueller (56) won
the Nobel Prize in literature in an award seen as a nod to the 20th
anniversary of communism's collapse. She was member of Romania's ethnic
German minority persecuted for her critical depictions of life behind
the Iron Curtain. She made her debut in 1982 with a collection of short
stories titled "Niederungen," or "Nadirs," depicting the harshness of
life in a small, German-speaking village in Romania. It was promptly
censored by the communist government. Some of her works have been
translated into English, French and Spanish, including "The Passport,"
"The Land of Green Plums," "Traveling on One Leg" and "The Appointment."
(AP, 10/8/09)
2009 Oct 9, The Nobel Peace Prize
was awarded to President Barack Obama.
(AP, 10/9/09)
2009 Oct 12, Americans Elinor
Ostrom (b.1933) and Oliver Williamson (b.1932) won the Nobel economics
prize for their work in economic governance. Ostrom, the first woman to
win the Nobel prize for economics, specialized in the study of common
resource pools.
(AP, 10/12/09)(Econ, 10/17/09, p.92)
2009 Nov 26, Shirin Ebadi, 2003
Nobel Peace Prize, said that Iranian authorities took her medal about
three weeks ago from a safe-deposit box, claiming she owed taxes on the
$1.3 million she was awarded. Ebadi said that such prizes are exempt
from tax under Iranian law. In Norway, where the peace prize is
awarded, the government said the confiscation of the gold medal was a
shocking first in the history of the 108-year-old prize.
(AP, 11/27/09)
Go to http://www.timelinesdb.com
Subject = Nobel Prize
Here's a list of especially noteworthy recipients of Nobel:
Prizes on this day in history: (PEACE Prizes unless otherwise
noted)
Jean Henri Dunant and Frederic Passy (1901)
President Theodore Roosevelt (1906)
Ruyard Kipling (Literature, 1907)
JD Van de Waals (Physics, 1910)
Tobias Asser (1911)
Kamerlingh Onnes (Physics, 1913)
President Woodrow Wilson (1919)
Fridtjof Nansen, Niels Bohr & Albert Einstein (Physics, 1922)
Willem Einthoven (Medicine, 1924)
George Bernard Shaw (Literature, 1925)
Jane Addams (PEACE, First American Woman, 1931)
PBJ Debije (Chemistry, 1936)
Ralph J Bunche (PEACE, First African American, 1950)
Albert Schweitzer (1954)
Dr Martin Luther King Jr (1964)
Henry Kissinger (1973)
Andrei Sakharov (accepted by wife Yelena Bonner, 1975)
Menachem Begin and Anwar Sadat (1978)
Lech Walesa (1983)
Bishop Desmond Tutu (1984)
Holocaust survivor Elie Wiesel (1986)
Nelson Mandela (1993)
Shimon Peres (1994)
Yitzhak Rabin, Shimon Peres & Yasser Arafat (1994)
David Trimble and John Hume (1998)
Peace Prizes:
2003 — Shirin Ebadi, Iran.
2002 — Former President Jimmy Carter.
2001 — United Nations and Secretary-General Kofi Annan.
2000 — Kim Dae-jung, South Korea.
1999 — Medecins Sans Frontieres (Doctors Without Borders).
1998 — David Trimble and John Hume, Northern Ireland.
1997 — Jody Williams and the International Campaign to Ban Landmines,
United States.
1996 — Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo and Jose Ramos-Horta, East Timor.
1995 — Joseph Rotblat, Britain, and the Pugwash Conferences on Science
and World Affairs.
1994 — Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat; Yitzhak Rabin and Shimon
Peres, Israel.
1993 — Nelson Mandela and F.W. de Klerk, South Africa.
1992 — Rigoberta Menchu, Guatemala.
1991 — Aung San Suu Kyi, Myanmar.
1990 — Mikhail Gorbachev, Soviet Union.
1989 — The Dalai Lama, Tibet.
1987 — Oscar Arias Sanchez, Costa Rica.
1986 — Elie Wiesel, United States.
1985 — International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War,
United States.
1984 — Desmond Mpilo Tutu, South Africa.
1983 — Lech Walesa, Poland.
1982 — Alva Myrdal, Sweden; Alfonso Garcia Robles, Mexico.
1981 — Office of the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees.
1980 — Adolfo Perez Esquivel, Argentina.
1979 — Mother Teresa, India.
1978 — Anwar Sadat, Egypt; Menachem Begin, Israel.
1977 — Amnesty International, Britain.
1976 — Betty Williams and Mairead Corrigan, Northern Ireland.
1975 — Andrei Sakharov, Soviet Union.
1974 — Sean MacBride, Ireland; Eisaku Sato, Japan.
1973 — Henry Kissinger, United States; Le Duc Tho, Democratic Republic
of Vietnam, who declined the prize.
End of file