Timeline
Volcanoes
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Volcano World Web page: http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vw.html
(Nat. Hist. 3/96, p.11)
201.4Mil BC
A mass extinction occurred about this time. In 1999 it was reported
that a titanic volcanic eruption occurred about this time and split
an ancient super-continent. This process began the formation of the
Atlantic Ocean. Half of all marine species died in a few million
years. [see 252 and 225 mil]
(SFC, 4/23/99, p.A3)(Econ, 11/8/03, p.78)(Econ,
3/27/10, p.88)
1Mil BC Ascension Island, the top of a volcano,
broke through the surface of the Atlantic Ocean about this time.
Since then the island has grown to about 100 square km.
(Econ, 12/18/10, p.159)
74000BC The major Toba volcanic eruption occurred
in Sumatra about this time. It was later believed that this eruption
caused a major temperature drop and reduction in the human
population. Analysis of mitochondrial DNA seemed to corroborate a
significant reduction in human population around this time.
(DC, 7/1/00)(DC, 9/2/02)
5000BC Mt. Mazama in what is now Oregon blew up
about this time and left what is now called Crater Lake.
(SFEC, 7/27/97, Z1 p.7)(SFC, 10/26/06, p.B8)
1626BC Jul, There was a volcanic eruption in the
Aegean. The date was counted from tree rings and climactic anoma
that create frost rings. [see 1645, 1500, 1470, 1450]
(SFEC, 1/31/99, BR p.9)
1500 The explosion of Thira
(Thera or Santorini) about this time released energy equal to
200,000 H-bombs. [see 1645BCE and 1470BCE]
(NH, 5/96, p.3)
1470BC The volcano Thera, or Santorini, erupted in
the Mediterranean. It may correspond to the ninth plague of Egypt
recorded in Exodus as the “darkness over Egypt.” [see 1645BC and
1500BC for alternate dates]
(NOHY, 3/90, p.129)
1450BC The eruption of the volcano on Santorini
Island about this time triggered earthquakes and tidal waves that
may have destroyed most of the Minoan cities and palaces. In 1939
Spyridon Marinatos authored “The Volcanic Destruction of Minoan
Crete.” [see 1470BC]
(SFEC, 8/17/97, p.T11)(AM, 7/00, p.41)
79CE Aug 24, Pliny the Elder,
Roman naturalist, witnessed the eruption of long-dormant Mount
Vesuvius and was overcome by the fumes as he tried to rescue
refugees. The eruption buried the Roman cities of Pompeii, Stabiae,
Herculaneum and other, smaller settlements in 13 feet of volcanic
ash and pumice. An estimated 20,000 people died. The event was
described by Pliny the Younger, the elder’s nephew, in a letter to
Tacitus.
(HFA, '96, p.36)(DD-EVTT, p.70)(AP, 8/24/97)(WUD,
1994, p.1106)(SFC, 9/1/97, p.A2)(HNQ, 6/16/98)
79CE Aug 25, Gaius Plinius
Secundus, [Plinius Maior], Roman admiral, writer, died in the
eruption of Mount Vesuvius. [see Aug 24]
(MC, 8/25/02)
535 Feb, There is evidence that
the Krakatoa volcano had a major eruption about this time. In 1869
Rangawarsita, a Javanese royal courtier, compiled the Books of
Kings, which mentioned an event from the middle of the first
millennium that sounded like a major eruption.
(WSJ, 5/15/00, p.A46)(Disc., 7/4/03)
1362 In Iceland the
Oraefajokull volcano erupted. This eruption was later believed to
have eclipsed the 79AD eruption of Mount Vesuvius.
(Econ, 4/24/10, p.62)
1610 Leon, Nicaragua, was
buried by the Mombotombo volcano.
(SSFC, 4/10/05, p.F5)
1631 Dec 16, In Italy Mount
Vesuvius erupted and destroyed 6 villages. Some 3.5-4,000 people
were killed.
(SFEC, 5/2/99, p.T8)(MC, 12/16/01)
1669 Mar 11, Mount Etna in
Sicily erupted killing 15,000. [see Mar 25]
(MC, 3/12/02)
1669 Mar 25, Mount Etna,
Sicily, erupted and destroyed Nicolosi, killing 20,000. [see Mar 11]
(MC, 3/25/02)
1693 Jan 11, Sicily’s Mt. Etna
erupted.
(MC, 1/11/02)
1772 Aug 11, An explosive
eruption blew 4,000 feet off Papandayan, Java, and 3,000 people were
killed.
(MC, 8/11/02)
1783 Jun 8, In Iceland the
Lakagicar volcano began erupting. Over the next 6 months it built a
lava dam 40 miles long and 540 feet high in a month. The Laki
volcano wiped out 75% of the crops, which led to a severe famine
that killed some 10,000 people, 20% of the population, reducing the
population to some 40,000 people. This was described by Haraldur
Sigurdson in an article titled Volcanic Pollution and Climate: Eos
63, Aug. 10, 1982. The Laki eruption sent poisonous gases across
Europe.
(NH, 9/97, p.38)(SFEC, 9/19/99, p.A18)(AM, 7/00,
p.40)(ON, 2/04, p.9)(Econ, 12/22/07, p.132)(Econ, 4/24/10,
p.62)(Econ, 5/29/10, p.85)
1783 Jun 8-1784 Feb, A series
of 10 eruptions from the Laki Craters on Iceland changed atmospheric
conditions in most of the Northern Hemisphere. This also generated a
cascade of events that led to record low levels of water in the Nile
River and brought famine to the region. By 1785 a sixth of Egypt’s
population had either perished or fled.
(http://tinyurl.com/y9xemq)(Econ, 12/22/07,
p.134)
1783 Mount Asama, one of
Japan's largest and most active volcanoes, had a major eruption.
(AP, 9/15/04)
1783-1786 Japan suffered one of its worst famines
in history when exceptional cold destroyed the rice harvest. As many
as 1 million people died. Most of the impact for this was due to the
eruptions of the Laki volcano in Iceland beginning in June, 1783.
(Econ, 12/22/07, p.134)
1793 Apr 1, The volcano
Unsen on Japan erupted killing about 53,000.
(OTD)
1815 Apr 5, Mount Tambora on
Sumbawa Island, Indonesia, in the Java Sea began erupting. [see Apr
10]
(NOHY, 3/90,
p.41)(www.britannica.com/eb/article?tocId=9071099)
1815 Apr 10, A third of the
13,000 foot Mount Tambora on Sumbawa Island, Indonesia, was blasted
into the air. Some 50,000 islanders were killed and the whole planet
was shrouded in a debris of sulfuric droplets. In 2006 scientist
reported finding traces of Tambora society.
(www.sullivan-county.com/immigration/e3.htm)(AP,
2/28/06)
1816 Jun 6, There was a 10"
snowfall in New England in this "year without a summer". The
oceanographer Henry Stommel and his wife Elizabeth described this
year in their (1983) book “Volcano Weather: The Story of 1816, The
year Without a Summer.” The 1815 eruption of Mt. Tambora lofted a
cloud of ash that turned this summer into a virtual winter with snow
in Europe and New England.
(NOHY, 3/90, p.130)(SFC, 5/19/97, p.D1)
1821-1823 In Iceland the Eyjafjallajokull volcano
erupted over this period.
(Econ, 4/24/10, p.62)
1822 Oct 8, The Galunggung
volcano on Java sent boiling sludge into valley. The eruption left
4,011 dead. The long-inactive volcano erupted Apr 4 and blew its top
on Apr 12. The Oct 8 and Oct 12 eruptions left 4,011 dead.
(www.emergency-management.net/volcanic.htm)
1834 Aug 18, Mt. Vesuvius
erupted.
(MC, 8/18/02)
1835 Jan, Consiguina volcano in
Nicaragua erupted and threw ash as far away as Mexico and Jamaica.
(SSFC, 4/10/05, p.F5)
1851 Mt. Pelee volcano on the
French Island of Martinique erupted. It left the city of St. Pierre
unscathed.
(NH, 10/02, p.76)
1867 Mar 11, Great Mauna Loa
volcano eruption in Hawaii.
(MC, 3/12/02)
1868 Nov 28, Mt. Etna in Sicily
erupted violently.
(HN, 11/28/98)
1872 Apr 24, Mt. Vesuvius
erupted.
(MC, 4/24/02)
1883 Aug 26, The island volcano
Krakatoa in Indonesia began erupting with increasingly large
explosions and killed some 36,000 people, both on the island itself
and from the resulting 131-foot tidal waves that obliterated 163
villages on the shores of nearby Java and Sumatra. A book by Ian
Thornton: "Krakatau: The Destruction and Reassembly of an Island
Ecosystem" was published in 1996. [see Aug 27] The history of
hundreds of volcanoes is at a Volcano World Web page:
(www.volcano.und.nodak.edu/vw.html).
(AP, 8/26/97)(Nat. Hist, 3/96, p.6)(HN, 8/26/02)
1883 Aug 27, The island volcano
Krakatoa erupted; the resulting tidal waves in Indonesia's Sunda
Strait claimed some 36,417 lives in Java and Sumatra. In 2003 Simon
Winchester authored Krakatoa: The Day the World Exploded: Aug 27,
1883.” [see Aug 26]
(AP, 8/27/97)(SSFC, 4/6/03, p.M2)
1883 Aug 29, Seismic sea waves,
created by Krakatoa eruption, created a rise in the English Channel
32 hrs after explosion.
(MC, 8/29/01)
1902 May 8, Mt. Pelee volcano,
on the French Island of Martinique in the east W. Indies, blew its
top and wiped out the town of St. Pierre. A pyroclastic flow
killed 29-40 thousand people. In 1972 Jacques Petitjean Roget
published a detailed report on the event. In 2002 Alwyn Scarth
authored “La Catastrophe.”
(SFC, 8/13/01, p.A4)(SFC, 1/19/02, p.A14)(NH,
10/02, p.76)
1902 May, In Nicaragua the
Momotombo volcano erupted.
(ON, 1/00, p.2)
1902 The Soufrire volcano
erupted on St. Vincent and 1,680 people were killed.
(SFC, 1/19/02, p.A14)
1912 Jun 6, In Alaska the
Novarupta volcano began erupting 6 miles from Mount Katmai. When the
eruption stopped on June 9th, the ash cloud had spread across
southern Alaska. This was later recognized as the most powerful
volcanic eruption of the 20th century. Crops withered across Canada
and the US that summer under skies shrouded with volcanic ash.
(http://geology.com/novarupta/)(Hem, 4/96, p.78)
1919 May 1, In Indonesia Mount
Kelud erupted. A powerful explosion that could be heard hundreds of
miles away destroyed dozens of villages and killed at least 5,160
when a boiling crater lake broke through the crater wall killing
people in 104 small villages.
(SFC, 1/19/02, p.A14)(AP, 11/3/07)
1919 May 20, Volcano Keluit on
Java erupted killing 550. [see May 1]
(MC, 5/20/02)
1930 Sep 11, The Stromboli
volcano in Sicily threw 2-ton basaltic rocks 2 miles.
(MC, 9/11/01)
1930 Nov 21, In Indonesia lava
began flowing as the Mount Merapi volcano erupted. 13 villages were
destroyed and some 1369 people were killed by pyroclastic flows.
(http://dogeatdogma.com/merapi.htm)
1943 A volcano erupted near
Sobetsucho, Japan, and formed a mountain, that was named Showa
Shinzan.
(WSJ, 2/26/04, p.A1)
1943 Parcutin Volcano in
central Mexico began a 9-year eruption.
(AM, 3/04, p.50)
1944 Jan 6, In Italy lava began
flowing from the conelet of Mount Vesuvius. Lava flows continued
into March with several explosions thru the end of March.
(http://vulcan.fis.uniroma3.it/vesuvio/1944eng.html)
1956 Mar 20, Mount Bezymianny
on Kamchatka Peninsula, USSR, exploded.
(MC, 3/20/02)
1957 Nicaragua’s Concepcion
volcano erupted.
(SSFC, 4/10/05, p.F4)
1962 Jan 10, Eruptions on Mount
Huascaran in Peru destroyed 7 villages and killed 3,500.
(MC, 1/10/02)
1968 Oct 23, In Nicaragua the
Cerro Negro volcano began erupting again and continued to Dec 10. It
had first appeared in 1850.
(DD-EVTT,
Illustr.#9)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerro_Negro)
1971 Apr 5, In Sicily, Italy,
Mount Etna began a series of eruptions.
(http://boris.vulcanoetna.com/ETNA_erupt2.html)
1973 Jan 23, Helgafell, an
island of Heimaey, Iceland, erupted for the 1st time in 7,000 yrs.
(www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=1702-01=&volpage=var)
1976 Jul 8, A volcano erupted
on Guadeloupe and frightened the capital, Basse-Terre. A phreatic
eruption of the Soufriere volcano cracked open the summit dome
(www.ipgp.jussieu.fr/~beaudu/soufriere/smithsonian76.html#sean_0109)
1978 Oct 24, Mount Usu, 475
miles north of Tokyo, erupted. Mud flows killed 2 people and 196
homes were destroyed.
(SFC, 3/30/00,
p.C3)(http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110004665764/en/)
1980 Mar 27, Mount St. Helens,
dormant for 123 years, erupted with ash and steam. A crater formed
at the summit and the north flank began to bulge.
(SFEC, 8/16/98,
p.A15)(http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2000/fs036-00/)
1980 May 18, At 8:32 a.m. Mount
Saint Helens, in Washington, erupted. It burst 3 times in 24 hours
after rumbling for two months and left 57 people dead or missing.
The mountain lost over 1,300 feet of elevation and gained a
two-mile-long and one mile-wide crater.
(AAM, 3/96, p.84)(AP, 5/18/97)(SFEC, 8/16/98,
p.A15)(HN, 5/18/02)
1980 May 25, Mount St. Helens
erupted again and deposited ash over western Washington and Oregon.
(SFEC, 8/16/98, p.A15)
1980 Jun 12, A 3rd major
eruption occurred at Mount St. Helens. A lava dome began to form in
the crater.
(SFEC, 8/16/98, p.A15)
1980 Jun 14, A 4th eruption
blasted through the lava dome at Mount St. Helens.
(SFEC, 8/16/98, p.A15)
1980 Aug 7, A 5th major
eruption occurred at Mount St. Helens. [see May 18]
(SFEC, 8/16/98, p.A15)
1980 Oct 17, Mt. St. Helens
erupted 3 times in 24 hours, in Washington. The eruptions had begun
May 18.
(HN, 10/17/98)
1980 Oct 18, A 6th major
eruption occurred at Mount St. Helens and a new lava dome emerged
that grew to 130 feet by the next day.
(SFEC, 8/16/98, p.A15)
1983 Jan 3, In Hawaii the Pu’u
O’o vent of the Kilauea volcano lit up the skies for the first time
and began a state of almost constant eruption.
(SFEC, 4/2/00, p.T6)
1990 Feb 10, In Indonesia Mount
Kelud erupted. Some 33 post eruption lahars took place from Feb
15-mar28 and more than 30 people were killed with hundreds injured.
(AP,
11/3/07)(www.springerlink.com/content/x7d7qvad0ct3c9bf/)
1991 Jun 3, Mount Unzendake in
southern Japan erupted and left 43 people dead and nearly 2,300
homeless. The dead included volcano experts Maurice and Katia
Krafft.
(SFC, 3/31/00, p.A17)(SFEC, 4/2/00, p.A17)(AP,
6/3/01)(WSJ, 4/18/02, p.D7)
1991 Jun 12, The Mount Pinatubo
volcano in the Philippines began erupting. [see Jun 15]
(AP, 6/12/01)
1991 Jun 15, Mount Pinatubo
(4,750 feet high) erupted. Due to early warning 56,000 people were
evacuated and only 450 people died. The eruption forced the closure
of Clark Air Force Base in Angeles City and displaced hundreds of
families of the Aeta tribe. [see June 1,12]
(PacDisc. Spring/’96, p.27)(SSFC, 11/11/01, p.F4)
1991 Aug, Chile’s Hudson
Volcano erupted in Aisen province. It launched a cubic mile of ash
and piled ash 18 inches (45 cm) high killing an estimated 1.5
million sheep on the Argentine side of the Andean mountain chain.
(SFCM, 10/3/04, p.51)(AP, 10/28/11)
1991 Mount Lokon, one of about
129 active volcanoes in Indonesia, erupted. It killed a Swiss hiker
and forced thousands of people to flee their homes.
(AP, 10/26/11) (AP, 10/26/11)
1994 Nov 22, In Indonesia the
Merapi volcano erupted. Pyroclastic flows and surges killed 43
people.
(http://dogeatdogma.com/merapi.htm)(Reuters,
10/26/10)
1996 May 18, During the week a
series of eruption from the Montserrat volcano in the Soufriere
Hills sent a plume of ash and rock soaring 3,000 feet..
(SFC, 5/18/96, p.A-9)
1996 Jun 17, In New Zealand
Mount Ruapehu erupted.
(SFC, 6/22/96, p.A6)
1996 Aug 10, In the Philippines
Mount Canlaon erupted and killed 3 climbers. The mountain is one of
21 active volcanoes in the Philippines.
(SFC, 8/12/96, p.C1)
1997 Aug 11, In Hawaii lava
from Kilauea Volcano began to flow over the walls of a 700-year-old
temple believed to have been used for human sacrifice.
(SFC, 8/12/97, p.A3)
1998 May 23, From Guatemala it
was reported that the Pacaya volcano had erupted during the week and
covered Guatemala City with a half-inch of grit.
(SFC, 5/23/98, p.A5)
1998 Jul 1, In Sicily Mt. Etna
erupted for 30 minutes.
(SFC, 7/4/98, p.A7)
2002 Jan 17, The volcano Mount
Nyiragongo erupted near Goma, Congo (DRC), and rivers of lava
destroyed 14 villages. Goma was devastated and some 400,000 people
fled their homes. At least 50 people were killed and many sought
refuge in Rwanda.
(SFC, 1/18/02, p.A8)(SFC, 1/19/02, p.A1)(SSFC,
1/20/02, p.A16)
2002 Feb 10-11, A 2,100 foot
stretch of lava flowed down from Volcano del Fuego near Antigua.
(SFC, 2/16/02, p.A26)
2002 Jun 22, The official
inauguration of the $89 million, Auvergne region European Volcanic
Park in was scheduled. It included a building complex designed by
Hans Hollein of Austria.
(WSJ, 4/18/02, p.D7)
2002 Sep, Mount Pago spewed
silicone ash and a serious eruption was expected. Parts of New
Britain Island were made uninhabitable.
(SFC, 9/7/02, p.A18)
2002 Oct 27, In Sicily Mount
Etna began spewing thick clouds of ash and magma.
(AP, 10/28/02)
2004 Jun 10, In Indonesia Mount
Awu on Sangihe Island erupted. Nearly 12,000 people living around
the mountain had been evacuated to a nearby town.
(AP, 6/10/04)
2004 Oct 1, Mount St. Helens
quieted down after spewing a plume of steam and ash, but only
briefly. Within hours of the eruption, seismic readings suggested
pressure was building again inside the volcano, which had been
dormant for 18 years.
(AP, 10/2/04)
2006 May 15, Indonesia’s Mount
Merapi erupted violently, sending searing gas clouds and burning
rocks down its scorched flanks and threatening villagers who refused
to leave because of ancient mystical beliefs.
(AP, 5/15/06)
2008 Jan 2, In southern Chile
hundreds of people fled their homes overnight as the Llaima volcano
erupted, rocking the area with explosions and spewing lava and ash.
(AP, 1/2/08)
2008 Feb 6, Ecuador's
Tungurahua volcano shot columns of ash miles into the air, as
officials ordered the evacuation of 3,000 villagers living near its
slopes.
(AP, 2/6/08)
2008 Apr 15, Colombia's Nevado
del Huila volcano erupted in a shower of hot ash, prompting
thousands of people to leave their homes.
(AP, 4/15/08)
2008 Apr 16, Mount Egon volcano
on Flores island in eastern Indonesia spewed ash and smoke 2 1/2
miles into the sky, forcing the evacuation of hundreds of nearby
villagers.
(AP, 4/16/08)
2008 May 2, In southern Chile
authorities evacuated hundreds of people from villages after the
snowcapped Chaiten volcano, considered dormant for thousands of
years, erupted.
(AP, 5/3/08)
2008 Nov 20, In southwestern
Colombia the Nevado del Huila volcano erupted and loosed avalanches
of mud and ash that injured nine, destroyed bridges and trapped
people in their towns. At least 10 people died in landslides
triggered by the eruption.
(AP, 11/22/08)(SFC, 11/29/08, p.B6)
2009 Feb 2, A volcano near
Tokyo erupted, shooting up billowing smoke and showering parts of
the capital with a fine ash that sent some city residents to the car
wash and left others puzzled over the white powder they initially
mistook for snow.
(AP, 2/2/09)
2009 Mar 23, Alaska's Mount
Redoubt volcano erupted five times overnight, sending an ash plume
more than 9 miles into the air in the volcano's first emissions in
nearly 20 years.
(AP, 3/23/09)
2009 May 29, Indonesian
government marine geologist Yusuf Surachman said that a massive
underwater mountain discovered off the island of Sumatra could be a
volcano with potentially catastrophic power. It was discovered
earlier this month about 330 kilometers (205 miles) west of Bengkulu
city during research to map the seabed's seismic faultlines.
(AFP, 5/30/09)
2009 Dec 15, The Philippines'
most active volcano oozed lava and shot up plumes of ash, forcing
thousands of people to evacuate their homes and face the possibility
of a bleak Christmas in a shelter. State volcanologists raised the
alert level on the cone-shaped, 8,070-foot (2,460-meter) Mayon
volcano overnight to two steps below a major eruption.
(AP, 12/15/09)
2010 Mar 21, In southern
Iceland a volcano erupted overnight, forcing hundreds of people to
evacuate the area and diverting flights after authorities declared a
local state of emergency.
(Reuters, 3/21/10)
2010 Apr 12, A British
scientific expedition said it has discovered the world's deepest
known underwater volcanic vent off the Cayman Islands.
(AP, 4/12/10)
2010 Apr 14, In Iceland a
volcano under the Eyjafjallajokull glacier erupted for the second
time in less than a month, melting ice, shooting smoke and steam
into the air, closing a major road and forcing hundreds of people to
flee rising floodwaters.
(AP, 4/14/10)
2010 Apr 15, British airport
operator BAA Ltd. said all flights at London's Heathrow Airport have
been suspended for the rest of the day, causing travel chaos as ash
clouds from Iceland's spewing volcano halted air traffic across
Europe.
(AP, 4/15/10)
2010 Apr 16, Volcanic ash
blanketed parts of rural Iceland and left a widening arc of grounded
aircraft across Europe, as thousands of planes stayed on the tarmac
to avoid the hazardous cloud. Travel chaos engulfed major European
cities and the UN warned of possible health risks from falling ash.
(AP, 4/16/10)
2010 Apr 17, A lingering
volcanic ash plume forced extended no-fly restrictions over much of
Europe, as Icelandic scientists warned that volcanic activity had
increased and showed no sign of abating, a portent of more travel
chaos to come.
(AP, 4/17/10)
2010 Apr 26, In Guatemala the
Santiaguito volcano showered sand and ash over a large western area
in an "unusual" and "violent" eruption.
(AFP, 4/27/10)
2010 May 27, Authorities closed
Guatemala's international airport after the nearby Pacaya volcano
showered as much as 3 inches (8 centimeters) of ash over parts of
the city. A television reporter was killed by a shower of burning
rocks when he got too close to the volcano, about 15 miles (25 km)
south of Guatemala City.
(AP, 5/28/10)(AP, 5/29/10)
2010 May 28, In Ecuador strong
explosions rocked the Tungurahua volcano, prompting evacuations of
hundreds of people from nearby villages.
(AP, 5/29/10)
2010 Aug 6, In Indonesia the
Mount Karangetang volcano erupted, sending lava and a searing gas
cloud tumbling down its slopes. At least four family members were
swept away and feared dead.
(AP, 8/6/10)
2010 Aug 29, In Indonesia the
Sinabung volcano on the island of Sumatra erupted for the first time
in 400 years, spewing a vast cloud of smoke and ash into the air and
sending thousands of people fleeing from their homes.
(AFP, 8/29/10)
2010 Sep 7, Indonesia’s Mount
Sinabung volcano shot a towering cloud of black ash high into the
air, dusting villages 15 miles (25 km) away in its most powerful
eruption since awakening last week from four centuries of dormancy.
(AP, 9/7/10)
2010 Oct 26, Indonesia’s Mount
Merapi volcano erupted, prompting terrified villagers to flee and
join the thousands already evacuated from its slopes.
(Reuters, 10/26/10)
2010 Oct 27, In Indonesia
helicopters with emergency supplies finally landed on the remote
islands slammed by a tsunami that killed at least 272 people.
Elsewhere in the archipelago the toll from a volcanic eruption rose
to 30, including the mountain's spiritual caretaker.
(AP, 10/27/10)
2010 Oct 28, Indonesia's Mount
Merapi erupted for the second time in a week, blasting vast plumes
of ash into the sky, as the death toll from the initial eruption and
a tsunami that hit remote western islands reached 377.
(AP, 10/28/10)
2010 Oct 30, In Indonesia
clouds of gray ash rumbled down the slopes of Mount Merapi in its
most powerful eruption of a deadly week, prompting soldiers to force
reluctant villagers to evacuate amid fears of a larger blast as the
death toll reached 36. Storms again prevented aid deliveries to
increasingly desperate survivors of a tsunami, including a teenage
girl with an open chest wound, that killed 413 people in the
Mentawai islands. The number of missing dropped by half to 163 as
searchers discovered survivors who had fled to the hills.
(AP, 10/30/10)
2010 Nov 1, Icelandic
Meteorological Office geophysicist Gunnar Gudmundsson said that
floodwater is coming from the subglacial Grimsvotn volcano, but
there are no signs of the underground tremors that would signal an
eruption.
(AP, 11/1/10)
2010 Nov 1, Indonesia's most
volatile volcano, Mount Merapi, one of 22 that have been
increasingly active, spewed searing clouds of gas and debris for
hours in its most powerful eruption in a deadly week that has left
38 dead.
(AP, 11/1/10)
2010 Nov 4, In Indonesia clouds
of hot ash gushed from the Mount Merapi volcano, forcing motorists
in cities 20 miles (30 km) away to use their headlights in broad
daylight and raising aviation concerns. The death toll climbed to
44.
(AP, 11/4/10)
2010 Nov 5, In Indonesia
searing gas avalanched down the Mount Merapi volcano with a
thunderous roar, torching houses and trees and incinerating
villagers as they fled. About 70 more people were killed raising the
death toll to 122.
(AP, 11/5/10)(Econ, 11/13/10, p.50)
2010 Nov 8, In Indonesia
frightened residents abandoned their homes in Yogyakarta, a bustling
city of 400,000 at the foot of Mount Merapi, as authorities warned
the volcano could erupt again at any time. 153 people have been
killed in the last two weeks.
(AP, 11/8/10)(AP, 11/9/10)
2010 Nov 10, Indonesia's Mount
Merapi volcano spewed clouds of ash high into the sky, forcing some
international airlines to again cancel flights and President Barack
Obama to cut short his visit.
(AP, 11/10/10)
2010 Nov 14, In Indonesia
rescuers digging through several feet of ash discovered nine more
bodies on the slopes of Mount Merapi, whose explosive eruption a
week ago buried whole villages. Confirmation of more deaths trickled
in and the toll from a series of blasts at the volcano rose to
at least 250.
(AP, 11/14/10)
2010 Nov 17, Indonesia’s
disaster agency said that the death toll due to Mount Merapi had
risen to 275 and that most of the people were killed by searing gas
clouds. Others died during panicked evacuations or from respiratory
problems and other illnesses linked to the volcano.
(AP, 11/18/10)
2010 Nov 21, In Indonesia the
death toll from the Mount Merapi volcano rose to 304 after more
victims succumbed to severe burns and illnesses.
{Indonesia, Volcano}
(SFC, 11/22/10, p.A2)
2011 Jan 13, Italy's Mount Etna
has come back to life with a brief eruption that sent lava down its
slopes and a cloud of ash into the sky, forcing the overnight
closure of a nearby airport. Its last major eruption was in 1992.
(AP, 1/13/11)
2011 Mar 6, Scientists at
Hawaii’s Kilauea volcano said a new vent has opened, sending lava
shooting up to 65 feet high.
(AP, 3/7/11)
2011 May 22, Iceland closed its
main international airport and canceled all domestic flights as the
Grimsvotn volcano sent a plume of ash, smoke and steam 12 miles (20
km) high.
(AP, 5/22/11)
2011 May 24, About 250 flights
to northern Britain were canceled over concerns about the ash cloud
spewing from an Icelandic volcano, but British and Irish officials
dismissed fears of a mass shutdown of airspace.
(Reuters, 5/24/11)
2011 Jun 4, In southern Chile
the long dormant Puyehue-Cordon Caulle, one of the volcanoes in the
Caulle Cordon, erupted violently, billowing smoke and ash high into
the sky and prompting more than 3,500 people living nearby to
evacuate.
(AP, 6/5/11)(Reuters, 6/5/11)(AP, 6/5/11)
2011 Jun 11, Chile’s
Puyehue-Cordon Caulle volcano continued to sporadically spew a cloud
of ash, disrupting airline travel from Brazil and Argentina to as
far away as Australia and New Zealand.
(AP, 6/11/11)
2011 Jun 12, Chile's
Puyehue-Cordon Caulle volcano continued to emit a cloud of ash,
disrupting flights to Buenos Aires, Argentina and Montevideo,
Uruguay. Authorities were also monitoring the volcano for its
potential to cause landslides and avalanches.
(AP, 6/12/11)
2011 Jun 14, In Chile The cloud
of ash spewing from an erupting volcano grounded more flights in
countries from Uruguay to Australia and threatened to delay next
month's start of the Copa America football tournament in Argentina.
(AP, 6/14/11)
2011 Jul 7, Ash from a Chilean
volcano grounded flights across much of South America again,
disrupting travel for thousands of people just as the continent's
premier football tournament got going in Argentina.
(AP, 7/7/11)
2011 Jul 14, In Indonesia Mount
Lokon on Sulawesi island burst into life late at night and continued
to spew ash and searing gas into the air well into the next morning,
prompting more than 4,500 residents to head to safety.
(AFP, 7/15/11)
2011 Jul 17, In Indonesia the
Mount Lokon volcano on northern Sulawesi island erupted again and
released the greatest amount of energy so far, shooting soot and
debris 11,400 feet (3,500 meters) into the sky.
(AP, 7/17/11)
2011 Oct 28, Chile's Hudson
Volcano released three huge columns of steam and ash that combined
in a cloud more than 3 miles (5 km) high.
(AP, 10/28/11)
2011 Nov 7, In the CongoDRC the
Nyamulagira volcano (also known as Nyamuragira) began an eruption
that happens about every two years. It has been described as
Africa’s most active volcano and has erupted over 40 times since
1885.
(AFP, 11/9/11)(http://tinyurl.com/ckekoy5)
2011 Dec 27, In eastern
Indonesia mudflows streaming from a volcano killed four villagers
and about 1,000 others have fled their homes. Mount Gamalama in the
Molucca Islands sprang to life this month with a powerful, non-fatal
eruption.
(AP, 12/28/11)
2012 Apr 20, Mexico’s
Popocatepetl volcano shot a heavy plume of ash into the sky
southeast of Mexico City and spewed glowing rock from its crater at
dawn.
(AP, 4/20/12)
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