Timeline Indonesia (A) thru 2006
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History: http://www.country-data.com/frd/cs/idtoc.html#id0031
Indonesia consists of a necklace of some
13,466 islands, 360 ethnic groups and 719 different languages. The
main island is Java. Indonesia has 33 provinces.
   (WSJ, 5/22/98, p.A15)(SFC, 12/18/98, p.D2)(SFC,
12/8/01, p.A6)(Econ, 6/21/14, p.79)
The Toadja of Sulawesi use ancestral bones for talismans.
   (NH, 6/97, p.14)
1.8 Mil BCÂ Â Â Scientists dated early
human remains in Java to this time. Sumatra, Java, Bali and Borneo
were joined to each other and the Asian land mass during glacial
periods of low sea level.
   (SFC, 12/13/96, p.A4)(AM, Mar/Apr 97 p.20)
1.8 Mil BCÂ Â Â In 1936 scientists discovered the skull
of a Homo erectus infant, the “Mojokerto child,” on Java that dated
to about this time. CT scans later revealed that the 12-month old
infant’s brain was 72-84% the size of an adult Homo erectus
   (WSJ, 9/16/04, p.B7)
700000Â Â Â In 2016 scientists working in Indonesia
reported fossil bones of Homo floriensis dating back to about this
time. Remains found earlier dated back to 60k-100k years.
   (SFC, 6/9/16, p.A9)
95000 BCÂ Â Â In 2003, a 3-foot-tall adult female
skeleton was found in a cave believed to be 18,000 years old on the
equatorial island of Flores, located east of Java and northwest of
Australia. Scientists named the extinct species Homo floresiensis.
Scientists in 2005 said the group had emerged some 95,000 years
earlier and went extinct about 12,000 years ago.
   (AP, 10/27/04)(SFC, 10/28/04, p.A1)(SFC, 3/4/05,
p.A2)
74000BCÂ Â Â The major Toba volcanic eruption occurred
in Sumatra about this time. It was later believed that this eruption
caused a major temperature drop and reduction in the human
population. An ice age soon followed. Analysis of mitochondrial DNA
seemed to corroborate a significant reduction in human population
around this time.
   (DC, 9/2/02)(Econ, 12/24/05, Survey p.9)
23000 BCEÂ Â Â Homo erectus survived in Indonesia to
about this time.
   (Arch, 1/05, p.14)
16000BCÂ Â Â In Sep, 2003, a 3-foot-tall adult female
skeleton was found in a cave believed to be 18,000 years old. A
trove of fragmented bones accounted for as many as seven primitive
individuals that lived on the equatorial island of Flores, located
east of Java and northwest of Australia. Scientists have named the
extinct species Homo floresiensis. Scientists in 2005 said the group
emerged some 95,000 years earlier and went extinct about 12,000
years ago. In 2009 new studies suggested the people, dubbed hobbits,
were a previously unknown species altogether.
   (AP, 10/27/04)(SFC, 10/28/04, p.A1)(SFC, 3/4/05,
p.A2)(AP, 5/7/09)
535Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb, There is evidence that
the Krakatoa volcano had a major eruption about this time. In 1869
Rangawarsita, a Javanese royal courtier, compiled the Books of
Kings, which mentioned an event from the middle of the first
millennium that sounded like a major eruption.
   (WSJ, 5/15/00, p.A46)(Disc., 7/4/03)
671Â Â Â Â Â Â Chinese monk I-Tsing, wrote
that he visited Srivijaya in for 6 months during this year.
Srivijaya (also written Sri Vijaya) was a powerful ancient
thalassocratic Malay empire based on the island of Sumatra, modern
day Indonesia, which influenced much of Southeast Asia.
   (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srivijaya)
825Â Â Â Â Â Â The Buddhist temple of
Borobudur on the island of Java was completed about this time under
the supervision of an architect named Gunadharma. The site was
abandoned after 100-200 years. In 1814 British Gov. Thomas Stamford
Raffles was advised of its location and dispatched an expedition to
locate and excavate the legendary monument.
   (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borobudur)(SFEC,
3/28/99, p.T9)(WSJ, 9/13/08, p.W18)
c1400Â Â Â Â Â Â The Toraja people came to
Sulawesi by boat from a island to the southwest and settled on the
banks of the Sa’dan River.
   (SFEC, 6/11/00, p.T8)
1511Â Â Â Â Â Â Malacca (Melaka), the
center of East Indian spice trade, was captured by the Portuguese.
The Portuguese laid appalling waste to Malacca. When the Dutch
gained influence in Indonesia and Jakarta they took over Melaka and
built the fortress A Famosa.
   (TL-MB, p.10)(SFEC, 8/3/97, p.T8)(Econ, 12/22/12,
p.55)
1511Â Â Â Â Â Â Portuguese traders reached
the Banda Islands, including Run, and broke the Venetian monopoly
over nutmeg. The Portuguese captured Melaka on the Malay Peninsula.
Over the next century the Dutch muscled in an almost cornered the
nutmeg market. The history of the nutmeg trade was documented in
1999 by Giles Milton in his: "Nathaniel's Nutmeg."
   (WSJ, 5/21/99, p.W7)(SFC, 9/8/99, p.A17)
1512Â Â Â Â Â Â The Portuguese took over
control of East Timor.
   (SFC, 3/3/98, p.A6)
1600Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 31, The British East
India Company (d.1874) was chartered by Queen Elizabeth I in London
to carry on trade in the East Indies in competition with the Dutch,
who controlled nutmeg from the Banda Islands.
   http://www.theeastindiacompany.com/history.html
   (WUD, 1994, p.449)(WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R49)
1600-1700Â Â Â West Timor was seized by the
Netherlands.
   (SFC, 3/3/98, p.A6)
1607Â Â Â Â Â Â In Aceh Sultan Iskandar
Muda fielded the largest fighting force of the region with an army
that had Persian horses an elephant corps and 800-man galleys to
control the seas.
   (SFC, 1/20/00, p.A12)
1610Â Â Â Â Â Â A map of Asia viewed from
the sea was drawn about this by a Chinese cartographer in Java. John
Seldon, English lawyer, acquired this map through an English sea
captain and bequeathed it to Oxford’s Bodleian library in 1654.
   (Econ, 1/18/14, p.80)
1610Â Â Â Â Â Â The Dutch ousted the
Portuguese by this time, but the Portuguese retained the eastern
half of Timor.
   (SFC, 9/8/99, p.A17)
1616Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 25, Nathaniel
Courthope, a British merchant-adventurer under direct orders from
James I, landed his ship Swan at the Banda Island of Run. He
persuaded the islanders to enter an alliance with the British for
nutmeg. He fortified the 1 by 2 mile island and with 30 men
proceeded to hold off a Dutch siege for 1,540 days.
   (WSJ, 5/21/99, p.W7)
1618-1945Â Â Â The Dutch ruled Indonesia. They were
drawn to Jakarta, a fishing village which they called Batavia, for
the spice trade.
   (SFEC, 4/27/97, p.T7)
1619Â Â Â Â Â Â Jul 2, Jan Pieterszoon
Coen, a top officer of the Dutch East India Company, decided to
expand a Dutch fort into a larger fortress. On Oct 7 he sent plans
for Batavia Castle to the Netherlands. The region which became
Batavia was built on the ruins of the former Jayakarta.
  Â
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Pieterszoon_Coen)
1621      Jan 21, In Indonesia
a new city built on the site of a Dutch fort was officially named as
Batavia. Jan Pieterszoon Coen, recognized as the founder of Batavia
(now Jakarta).
  Â
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Jakarta)
1621Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Jan Pieterszoon Coen
(1587-1629), a top officer of the Dutch East India Company, he led
the Dutch conquest of the Banda Islands, using Japanese mercenaries,
in order to secure a monopoly on spices grown there. He was later
reviled as the “butcher of Banda.” In 2020 protests called for the
removal of his statue in Hoorn.
  Â
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Pieterszoon_Coen)(AP, 6/19/20)
1628Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 25, There was as
assault on sultan of Mantarams of Batavia (the former name of
Djakarta, Indonesia).
   (chblue.com, 8/25/01)(WUD, 1994 p.420)
1665Â Â Â Â Â Â The British briefly
recaptured the Banda Island of Run from the Dutch.
   (WSJ, 5/21/99, p.W7)
1684Â Â Â Â Â Â The British settled
Sumatra.
   (SFC, 8/27/03, p.E4)
1722Â Â Â Â Â Â Apr 22, In Batavia,
Indonesia, 19 VOC "komplotteurs" were executed.
   (MC, 4/22/02)
1755Â Â Â Â Â Â The sultanate of
Yogyakarta was founded in central Java Island, Indonesia.
  Â
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogyakarta_Sultanate)(Econ, 8/27/19,
p.28)
1772Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 11, An explosive
eruption blew 4,000 feet off Papandayan, Java, and 3,000 people were
killed.
   (MC, 8/11/02)
1780Â Â Â Â Â Â Jun, The East India ship
Princess Royal landed at Bengkulu on Sumatra with American rebels.
The prisoners were sent to Fort Marlboro to be trained as British
soldiers.
   (ON, 1/00, p.5)
1799Â Â Â Â Â Â The Dutch East India
Company liquidated and the Dutch government took control over the
islands of Indonesia.
   (SFC, 9/8/99, p.A17)
c1800Â Â Â Â Â Â During the Napoleonic
Wars Britain briefly occupied the Banda Island of Run and
successfully transplanted nutmeg to Malaya, Singapore and Ceylon.
   (WSJ, 5/21/99, p.W7)
1811Â Â Â Â Â Â The British began a period
of sovereignty in Java (Indonesia).
   (WSJ, 9/13/08, p.W18)
1815Â Â Â Â Â Â Apr 5, Mount Tambora on
Sumbawa Island, Indonesia, in the Java Sea began erupting. [see Apr
10]
   (NOHY, 3/90,
p.41)(www.britannica.com/eb/article?tocId=9071099)
1815Â Â Â Â Â Â Apr 10, A third of the
13,000 foot Mount Tambora on Sumbawa Island, Indonesia, was blasted
into the air. Some 50,000 islanders were killed and the whole planet
was shrouded in a debris of sulfuric droplets. In 2006 scientist
reported finding traces of Tambora society. Tsunamis and starvation
that followed killed an estimated 60-120 thousand people.
   (www.sullivan-county.com/immigration/e3.htm)(AP,
2/28/06)(Econ., 4/11/15, p.21)c
1817Â Â Â Â Â Â Sir Thomas Stamford
Bingley Raffles (1781-1826), British statesman, wrote a book
entitled “History of Java.” He was heavily involved in the conquest
of the Indonesian island of Java from Dutch and French military
forces during the Napoleonic Wars and contributed to the expansion
of the British Empire.
   (Econ, 11/10/12,
p.88)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stamford_Raffles)
1822Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct 8, The Galunggung
volcano on Java sent boiling sludge into valley. The eruption left
4,011 dead. The long-inactive volcano erupted Apr 4 and blew its top
on Apr 12. The Oct 8 and Oct 12 eruptions left 4,011 dead.
   (www.emergency-management.net/volcanic.htm)
1832Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 6, A US ship destroyed
a Sumatran village in retaliation for piracy.
   (MC, 2/6/02)
1838Â Â Â Â Â Â Gideon Barr of England
borrowed money to buy an oceangoing schooner and sailed to Borneo,
called Kalimantaan by the natives. He put down a rebellion against
the sultan of Brunei and became the rajah of the territory. The 1998
novel “Kalimantaan” by C.S. Godshalk was based on these events.
   (SFEC, 3/22/98, BR p.6)
1848Â Â Â Â Â Â It was discovered that
palm oil, a native of West Africa, grew well in the Far East. By
2010 Indonesia and Malaysia produced 90% of the world’s palm oil.
   (Econ, 6/26/10, p.71)
1869Â Â Â Â Â Â Rangawarsita, a Javanese
royal courtier, compiled the Books of Kings, which mentioned
an event from the middle of the first millennium that sounded like a
major eruption. In about 535 there was some evidence that the
Krakatoa volcano had a major eruption.
   (WSJ, 5/15/00, p.A46)
1869Â Â Â Â Â Â Alfred Russel Wallace
(1823-1913), British field biologist, authored “The Malay
Archipelago.” He had gone to Indonesia in 1852 looking for the
origin of species.
   (WSJ, 3/29/08,
p.W10)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace)
1873Â Â Â Â Â Â The Dutch began
colonization efforts in Aceh province (Indonesia), which led to a
decades-long war.
   (SFEC, 11/7/99, p.A30)(SFCM, 11/2/03, p.8)
1876Â Â Â Â Â Â Jun 10, Arthur Rimbaud
(1854-1891) embarked for the Dutch East Indies, or modern-day
Indonesia. He arrived on July 22 and on August 15 he deserted,
leaving his possessions to be sold for the benefit of the local
orphanage. He reappeared only on December 31, 1876, when he returned
to his mother in Charleville-Mezieres in northern France. Rimbaud,
who wrote the anti-militarist "The Sleeper in the Valley," had
embarked on the journey after signing up for six years in the Dutch
colonial army. In 2011 American writer Jamie James authored "Rimbaud
in Java: The Lost Voyage."
   (AP, 1/28/12)
1883Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 26, The island volcano
Krakatoa in Indonesia began erupting with increasingly large
explosions and killed some 36,000 people, both on the island itself
and from the resulting 131-foot tidal waves that obliterated 163
villages on the shores of nearby Java and Sumatra. A book by Ian
Thornton: "Krakatau: The Destruction and Reassembly of an Island
Ecosystem" was published in 1996 [see Aug 27].
   (AP, 8/26/97)(Nat. Hist, 3/96, p.6)(HN, 8/26/02)
1883Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 27, The island volcano
Krakatoa erupted; the resulting tidal waves in Indonesia's Sunda
Strait claimed some 36,417 lives in Java and Sumatra. In 2003 Simon
Winchester authored Krakatoa: The Day the World Exploded: Aug 27,
1883" [see Aug 26].
   (AP, 8/27/97)(SSFC, 4/6/03, p.M2)
1889Â Â Â Â Â Â The Ahmadiyah sect of
Islam was established in India and considered its founder Mirza
Ghulam Ahmad (1835-1908) to be a savior and messiah, counter to
traditional Islamic teaching. By 2011 it had tens of millions of
members worldwide and around 200,000 in Indonesia. Ahmadi Muslims
believe in the separation of religion and the state.
   (AP,
8/9/11)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirza_Ghulam_Ahmad)(Econ,
8/8/15, p.34)
1891Â Â Â Â Â Â Eugene Dubois, Dutch
health officer, discovered the skull of a human in Java, Indonesia
that he named Pithecanthropus erectus [Java Man]. The first Homo
erectus skullcap was found near Trinil, Java.
   (RFH-MDHP, p.153)(SFC, 12/13/96, p.A4)(SFC,
11/14/00, p.A9)
1895Â Â Â Â Â Â Bank Rakyat (BRI) was
founded by the Dutch in Indonesia as an institution for the elite.
In 1983 the state bank reorganized and began lending successfully to
poor people.
   (Econ, 11/5/05, Survey p.10)
1901Â Â Â Â Â Â Jun 6, Sukarno (d.1970),
Indonesia's 1st president (1949-1966), was born in Surabaya, Java.
   (Internet)
1904Â Â Â Â Â Â Jun 29, On Flores Island
Mount Lewotobi erupted.
   (SFC, 7/10/99, p.A9)
1906Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 1, Papua was placed
under Australian administration.
   (SC, 9/1/02)
1915Â Â Â Â Â Â The explosion of Tambora
in Indonesia was estimated to be of the magnitude of 40,000 H-bombs.
   (NH, 5/96, p.3)
1916Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 31, In Indonesia the
Surabaya Zoo was established based on Acceptance Letter of the
general Dutch Governor, by the name of “Soerabaiasche Planten-en
Dierentuin” (the Botany Garden and the Surabaya Animal) on the merit
of a journalist named H. F. K. Kommer who had the hobby of gathering
the animal.
   (www.surabaya.go.id/eng/tourism.php?page=zoo)
1918Â Â Â Â Â Â May 18, The Netherlands
Indian Volksraad was installed in Batavia (later Djakarta).
   (SC, 5/18/02)
1919Â Â Â Â Â Â May 1, In Indonesia Mount
Kelud erupted. A powerful explosion that could be heard hundreds of
miles away destroyed dozens of villages and killed at least 5,160
when a boiling crater lake broke through the crater wall killing
people in 104 small villages.
   (SFC, 1/19/02, p.A14)(AP, 11/3/07)
1919Â Â Â Â Â Â May 20, Volcano Keluit on
Java erupted killing 550. [see May 1]
   (MC, 5/20/02)
1920Â Â Â Â Â Â The Indonesian Communist
Party was founded.
   (SFC, 9/8/99, p.A17)
1921Â Â Â Â Â Â Jun 8, Suharto (d.2008),
later dictator of Indonesia, was born.
   (WP, 6/29/96, p.A20)(AP, 1/27/08)
1925Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 6, Pramoedya Ananta
Toer (d.2006), writer, was born in Indonesia.
  Â
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pramoedya_Ananta_Toer)
1926Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 26, ACD de Graeff was
appointed Governor-General of Dutch East-Indies.
   (SS, 3/26/02)
1926Â Â Â Â Â Â Jan 31, Nahdlatul Ulama
(NU) was established by Wahab Chasbullah with support from Hasyim
Asy'ari, the most respected Muslim scholar in East Java. By 2010 NU
was one of the largest independent Islamic organizations in the
world.
   (Econ, 1/9/10,
p.85)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulema)
1927Â Â Â Â Â Â Jul 4, Ir Sukarno formed
PNI (Perserikatan Nasional Indonesia) in Batavia.
   (Maggio, 98)
1929Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 29, Police arrested
Sukarno and 100s PNI-leaders.
   (MC, 12/29/01)
1929Â Â Â Â Â Â The Indonesian Nationalist
Party under Sukarno blended Javanese, Western and socialist
influences.
   (SFC, 9/8/99, p.A17)
1930Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov 21, In Indonesia lava
began flowing as the Mount Merapi volcano erupted. 13 villages were
destroyed and some 1369 people were killed by pyroclastic flows.
   (http://dogeatdogma.com/merapi.htm)
1930s      Outsiders discovered
hundreds of thousands Dani and other Stone Age farmers in the high
valleys of Irian Jaya.
   (SFC, 2/6/01, p.A10)
1935Â Â Â Â Â Â The film "Legong: Dance of
the Virgins" was the last silent film produced by Hollywood. It was
shot in Bali with an all-native cast and was directed by Henri de La
Falaise.
   (SFEC, 5/2/99, DB p.18)
1938-1939Â Â Â The film "Trance and Dance in Bali" was
produced and added to the US National Film Registry in 1999.
   (SFC, 11/18/99, p.E10)
1942Â Â Â Â Â Â Jan 11, Japan declared war
against the Netherlands, the same day that Japanese forces invaded
the Dutch East Indies (later Indonesia) at Borneo.
   (AP, 1/11/98)(HN, 1/11/00)
1942Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 18, Japanese troop
landed on Bali.
   (MC, 2/18/02)
1942Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 27, Battle of Java Sea
began. 13 US warships sank-2 Japanese.
   (MC, 2/27/02)
1942Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 28, Japanese landed in
Java, the last Allied bastion in Dutch East Indies.
   (MC, 2/28/02)
1942Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 28, The Japanese sank
the USS Houston during the Battle of Sunda Strait. The ship carried
1,068 crewmen, but only 291 sailors and Marines survived both the
attack and being prisoners of war. In 2014 Navy divers from
the US and Indonesia confirmed that a sunken vessel in the Java Sea
is the wreck of the Houston.
   (AP, 8/18/14)
1942 Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 1, The 3 day Battle
of Java Sea ended as US suffered a major naval defeat. Japanese
troops occupy Kalidjati airport in Java. More than 900 Dutch and 250
Indo-Dutch sailors died during the battle in which the Allied navies
suffered a disastrous defeat by the Imperial Japanese Navy.
   (HN, 3/1/98)(SC, 3/1/02)(AFP, 11/17/16)
1942Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 2, Admiral Helfrich
departed Java for Ceylon.
   (SC, 3/2/02)
1942Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 5, Japanese troop
marched into Batavia.
   (MC, 3/5/02)
1942Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 11, Japanese troops
landed on North Sumatra.
   (MC, 3/12/02)
1942Â Â Â Â Â Â May 18, Allied forces
bombed the harbor city of Kupang (Koepang), Timor.
   (www.kensmen.com/may42.html)
1942Â Â Â Â Â Â Apr 16, The Japanese
occupying army on Java installed film censorship.
   (MC, 4/16/02)
1942Â Â Â Â Â Â Jun 15, Xaviera Hollander,
[DeVries], celebrity "author" (Happy Hooker), was born in Surabaya,
Indonesia.
   (MC, 6/15/02)
1942Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 25, W. van Daalen,
opposition leader on Celebes, was beheaded.
   (MC, 8/25/02)
1942Â Â Â Â Â Â The Dutch colonial
government surrendered to Japan.
   (SFC, 9/8/99, p.A17)
1942Â Â Â Â Â Â There was a Japanese
internment camp for women on Sumatra. Helen Colijn told of her stay
there in the 1997 book “Song of Survival: Women Interned.”
   (SFEC, 4/13/97, Par p.16)
1943Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 15, Women's camp
Tamtui on Ambon (Moluccas) was hit by allied air raid.
   (MC, 2/15/02)
1944Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 14, An anti-Japanese
revolt took place on Java.
   (MC, 2/14/02)
1945Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 17, Allied ships
bombed North Sumatra.
   (MC, 3/17/02)
1945Â Â Â Â Â Â Jul 3, U.S. troops landed
at Balikpapan and took Sepinggan airfield on Borneo in the Pacific.
   (HN, 7/3/98)
1945Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 17, Indonesian
nationalists declared independence from the Netherlands. Upon
hearing confirmation that Japan has surrendered, Sukarno proclaimed
Indonesia’s independence. Sukarno helped lead Indonesia to
independence from the Dutch. The Dutch resisted and 4 years of
fighting followed.
   (SFC, 10/12/96, p.A13)(SFC, 6/22/96, p.A12)(SFEC,
4/27/97, p.T7)(AP, 8/17/99)(SFC, 9/8/99, p.A17)(HN, 8/17/00)
1945Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 18, Indonesia adopted
a new Constitution. It was later described as a “dictator’s dream.”
This Constitution (usually referred to by the Indonesian acronym
UUD'45) remained in force until it was replaced by the Federal
Constitution on December 27, 1949.
  Â
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Indonesia)(Econ,
6/21/14, p.40)
1945Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 27, The Dutch formally
relinquished sovereignty to Indonesia.
   (WSJ, 7/24/01, p.B4)  Â
1945Â Â Â Â Â Â Indonesia, formed from the
former Dutch East Indies, claimed West Timor. East Timor remained
under Portuguese control.
   (SFC, 3/3/98, p.A6)(SFEC, 8/29/99, p.A19)
1945Â Â Â Â Â Â Indonesia’s original
constitution of 1945 had 71 clauses. By 2004 amendments had expanded
it to 199 clauses.
   (Econ, 12/11/04, Survey p.13)
1945Â Â Â Â Â Â Indonesia’s future
President Sukarno, facing the need to pull together the diverse
archipelago, promulgated Pancasila as the philosophical foundation
of the Indonesian state. Its five principals included: Belief in the
one and only God; Just and civilized humanity; the unity of
Indonesia; Democracy guided by the inner wisdom in the unanimity
arising out of deliberations amongst representatives; and Social
justice for all of the people of Indonesia. The doctrine protected
Indonesia’s six officially recognized religions.
  Â
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancasila_%28politics%29)(Econ,
1/28/17, p.35)
1946Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 2, Dutch troops landed
on East Bali.
   (SC, 3/2/02)
1946Â Â Â Â Â Â The Republic of Indonesia
stripped all royal families of power.
   (SSFC, 2/17/08, p.A20)
1947Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 9, In western Java up
to 430 men were rounded up and shot by Dutch troops in the village
of Rawagedeh. The Dutch called the incident a "police action" to
quell an uprising. The Dutch government conceded in 1995 that
summary executions had taken place in Rawagedeh, now known as
Balongsari, but said prosecutions were no longer possible. In
September, 2011, a Dutch court ordered the government to compensate
the widows of Indonesian villagers, to apologize for the killings
and to give each of the 10 plaintiffs $27,000. Old friends and
neighbors cajoled, bullied and intimidated the plaintiffs and their
families until local officials jumped in, forcing them to part with
half their cash.
   (AP, 9/14/11)(http://tinyurl.com/5sp5psn)(AP,
11/23/11)(AP, 1/16/12)
1949Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 21, Tan Malaka
(b.1897), teacher, Indonesian philosopher and founder of Struggle
Union (Persatuan Perjuangan) and Murba Party, was executed in East
Java by guerrilla forces.
   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tan_Malaka)(Econ.,
11/28/20, p.76)
1949Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 29, Sukarno was
declared president of Indonesia. Sukarno, an ardent nationalist,
became president at the time of Indonesian independence and helped
the Communists become the leading party in the country.
   (HNQ, 5/21/98)(Internet)
1949Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug, Armed conflict with
both Dutch and British forces—as well as political factions in the
formation of the republic—were eventually brought to an end, when
the Netherlands finally agreed to transfer sovereignty to an
independent United States of Indonesia.
   (HNQ, 8/17/00)
1949Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 27, Queen Juliana of
the Netherlands granted sovereignty to Indonesia after more than 300
years of Dutch rule. The Netherlands retained control of Irian Jaya,
inhabited by Melanesians, until 1963.
   (EWH, 1968, p.1168)(SFC, 9/8/99, p.A17)(AP,
12/27/99)
1949Â Â Â Â Â Â The Dutch East Indies
gained independence under Pres. Sukarno. The western half of Timor
island was incorporated into the new nation of Indonesia when
Holland transferred sovereignty. Aceh's leaders agreed to join the
new nation.
   (SFC, 10/12/96, p.A13)(SFC, 9/8/99, p.A17)(SFC,
5/18/02, p.A15)(SFCM, 11/2/03, p.8)
1950Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 14, Indonesia’s
legislature adopted a provisional constitution that called for a
parliamentary democracy with government to be responsible to a
unicameral House of Representatives elected directly by the people.
Sukarno became president under the new system.
   (www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-6198.html)
1950Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 26, Indonesia was
admitted to the UN.
   (www.gimonca.com/sejarah/sejarah09.shtml)
1950Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct 25, Sukarno was
appointed president of Republic Indonesia.
   (MC, 10/25/01)
1950Â Â Â Â Â Â Aceh was given provincial
status.
   (SFEC, 11/7/99, p.A30)
1950Â Â Â Â Â Â Christians in the Moluccas
with ties to the Dutch colonial administration battled Indonesian
troops in a bid to secede.
   (SFC, 12/31/99, p.D6)
1950s      The US CIA led secret
missions.
   (SFC, 5/29/97, p.A4)
1950s      Lt. Col. Suharto was a
supply officer to an army division in central Java. He dealt with
Liem Sioe Liong, later head of the conglomerate, the Salim Group.
When Suharto took power in 1965 Liem’s business flourished. The
relationship is documented by Adam Schwarz in his book “A Nation in
Waiting.”
   (SFEC, 2/1/98, p.A23)
1951Â Â Â Â Â Â The UN members adopted the
Refugee Convention. It was not signed by Indonesia.
   (Econ, 4/22/06, p.43)
1952Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 26, A
Netherlands-Indonesian Unity conference took place.
   (SC, 2/26/02)
1953Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 22, An Islamic
uprising against Jakarta took place in Atjeh (Aceh), Indonesia.
   (SFC, 1/20/00, p.A12)(MC, 9/22/01)
1955Â Â Â Â Â Â Apr 11, Just before the
Bandung conference, an apparent attempt to kill China's then-Premier
Zhou Enlai resulted in the deadly crash of a chartered Air India
plane. Declassified Chinese documents have suggested that Taiwanese
agents placed the bomb in the mistaken belief that Zhou was on
board. The device detonated as the Lockheed Constellation, named
Kashmiri Princess, was descending north of Jakarta. It caused a fire
that forced the pilots to ditch the airliner. The co-pilot, flight
engineer and navigator managed to swim to safety, but 16 other
passengers and crew members drowned. They included six journalists
and Air India's chief pilot, Capt. D.K. Jatar.
   (AP,
4/24/05)(www.outlookindia.com/pti_news.asp?id=236591)
1955Â Â Â Â Â Â Apr 17, The Bandung
Conference opened in the Javanese city of Bandung and continued to
April 25. This int’l. meeting founded the Non-Aligned Movement
(NAM). The 1st forum of 29 Asian and African nations was marked by
superpower hostility. The aim of the conference was to oppose the
Western and Soviet blocs and stay neutral.
   (WSJ, 7/24/01, p.B4)(AP,
4/24/05)(http://tinyurl.com/buaol)
1955Â Â Â Â Â Â Open, free and safe
parliamentary elections were held.
   (SFC, 5/20/98, p.A12)
1956Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 3, Indonesian
government of Harahap resigned.
   (SC, 3/3/02)
1957Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov 30, An assassination
attempt on Indonesian Pres. Sukarno killed 8.
   (MC, 11/30/01)
1957-1959Â Â Â Pres. Sukarno dismantled parliamentary
democracy, declared himself president for life and imposed “Guided
Democracy” and a “Guided Economy.”
   (WSJ, 7/24/01, p.A1)
1958Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 15, Sjafroeddin
Prawiranegara formed the anti-government of Middle Sumatra.
   (MC, 2/15/02)
1958Â Â Â Â Â Â Gen. Abdul Haris Nasution
(d.2000 at 81) pushed through the adoption of a policy that allowed
the military a direct role in national politics.
   (SFC, 9/6/00, p.D2)
1958Â Â Â Â Â Â A secret war in Indonesia
ended abruptly when Allen Pope, a CIA contract pilot, was downed in
a dogfight. Pope was carrying a trove of documents that revealed the
extent of US involvement. The CIA had been sending weapons and
advisers to anti-government rebels on Indonesia’s Sulawesi island as
mercenaries mounted combat sorties in a fleet of unmarked B-26
bombers. Indonesia later received a batch of 10 C-130 transport
planes from the US in exchange for Pope’s release.
   (AP, 4/24/05)(AP, 5/20/09)
1959Â Â Â Â Â Â Indonesia’s constitution
of 1950 was rescinded.
   (SFC, 5/20/98, p.A12)
c1959Â Â Â Â Â Â In the later 50s the
Permesta and PRRI rebellions engulfed several islands from Sulawesi
to Sumatra and some 30,000 troops were killed.
   (SFEC, 11/6/99, p.A30)
1959Â Â Â Â Â Â The Muslim region of Aceh
on the northwest end of Sumatra, Indonesia, became a special
territory with considerable autonomy. It had been an independent
sultanate until the late 19th century when it was conquered by the
Dutch.
   (SFC, 9/8/99, p.A17)
1959Â Â Â Â Â Â In Indonesia Bank Tabungan
Pensiunan Nasional (BTPN) was founded to serve retired bureaucrats.
It went public in 2008 following a buyout by Texas Pacific Group, a
private-equity firm.
   (Econ, 4/23/11, p.82)
1960Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 26, Soviet premier
Khrushchev voiced support for Indonesia.
   (SC, 2/26/02)
1960Â Â Â Â Â Â Bertram Smythies (d.1999
at 86), British naturalist, published "The Birds of Borneo."
   (SFC, 8/3/99, p.A20)
1961Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 1, The Territory of
New Guinea declared independence from the Netherlands.
   (WUD, 1994, p.962)(SFC, 6/5/00, p.A8)
1961Â Â Â Â Â Â The people of Irian Jaya
declared independence.
   (SFC, 2/6/01, p.A10)
1962Â Â Â Â Â Â May 19, Indonesian
paratroopers landed in New Guinea.
   (MC, 5/19/02)
1963Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 17, In Indonesia
eruptions of Mount Agung volcano on Bali killed 1,184 people.
   (SFC, 1/19/02, p.A14)(AP, 12/3/17)
1963Â Â Â Â Â Â May 20, Sukarno was
appointed president of Indonesia.
   (MC, 5/20/02)
1963Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 16, The Federation of
Malaysia was formally established. Sabak and Sarawak, Britain’s
colonies on Borneo, joined the Malayan peninsula to form Malaysia
with Tunku Abdul Rahman (60) as prime minister. The federation
formed under bitter opposition from Indonesia, which refused to
recognize the country and waged a guerrilla war against it. Race
riots erupted between ethnic Malays and the Chinese majority.
   (PC, 1992, p.988)(HNQ, 5/14/98)(SSFC, 3/10/02,
p.C10)(Econ, 9/20/08, p.60)
1963Â Â Â Â Â Â Pres. Sukarno proclaimed
“To Hell with your aid” and all but broke relations with the US and
the Soviet Union.
   (WSJ, 7/24/01, p.B4)
1963Â Â Â Â Â Â In Indonesia a new
anti-subversion law was instituted with penalties of death or 20
years in prison.
   (WSJ, 3/6/97, p.A14)
1963Â Â Â Â Â Â Indonesia passed “Law
number 4” to sanction fierce censorship. It was lifted for the press
in 1999.
   (Econ, 1/23/10, p.43)
1963Â Â Â Â Â Â Sovereignty over West
Papua was transferred from the Netherlands to Indonesia. A UN
approved referendum, involving some 1,000 handpicked pro-Jakarta
Papuans, ratified the annexation in 1969.
   (WSJ, 6/6/00, p.A23)
1963Â Â Â Â Â Â The western part of the
island of New Guinea, Irian Jaya, became a province of Indonesia. It
was formerly a Dutch territory called West New Guinea, Dutch New
Guinea or Netherlands New Guinea. A West Papua pro-independence
movement began and by 2004 an estimated 100,000 civilians had died
in the struggle.
   (WUD, 1994, p.1623)(SFC, 9/8/99, p.A17)
1963-1966 Â Â Â In 2017 thousands of files from the US
Embassy in Jakarta covering this period were made public after a
declassification review that began under the Obama administration.
They revealed new details of US government knowledge and support of
an Indonesian army extermination campaign that killed several
hundred thousand civilians during anti-communist hysteria in the
mid-1960s.
   (AP, 10/17/17)
1964      Aug 25, Singapore
limited imports from Netherlands due to Indonesian aggression.
   (chblue.com, 8/25/01)
1964Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 2, Indonesian
paratroopers landed in Malaysia.
   (MC, 9/2/01)
1964Â Â Â Â Â Â The Golkar Party (Golongan
Karya) was formed and used by Suharto to wield personal power.
   (SFEC, 7/12/98, p.A20)(WSJ, 6/17/99, p.A21)
1965Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 19, Indonesia
nationalized all foreign oil companies.
   (MC, 3/19/02)
1965Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 30, In Indonesia
procommunist military officers, calling themselves the September 30
Movement (Gestapu), attempted to seize power.
   (http://countrystudies.us/indonesia/21.htm)
1965Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct 1, In Indonesia a
small force of junior military officers abducted and killed six
generals in the early morning hours and seized several key points in
the capital city of Jakarta. Gen. Suharto crushed the coup and soon
seized power from Pres. Sukarno.
   (www.namebase.org/scott.html)
1965Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct 20, Mass arrests of
communists took place in Indonesia. Some 500,000 Chinese Indonesians
were killed in anti-Communist riots in this year. Laws restricting
Chinese culture were later established, reportedly to promote
assimilation and protect Chinese Indonesians. [see 1966] The laws
included a ban on publicly celebrating the Chinese New Year. An
estimated 300,000 Communists were massacred by the army in immediate
and later reprisals in Indonesia after an attempted overthrow of the
government in 1965.
   (SFEC, 2/1/98, p.A23)(SFC, 2/5/98, p.A14)(HNQ,
5/21/98)(MC, 10/20/01)
1965Â Â Â Â Â Â The 1982 film “The Year of
Living Dangerously” with Mel Gibson was set in Indonesia’s 1965
civil war. It was adapted from a novel by Christopher Koch.The
film was banned in indo until 1999. An estimated 250-500 thousand
Indonesians were killed on suspicion of being Communist Party
members or sympathizers. US CIA and Embassy officials later admitted
that they furnished as many as 5000 names of “communist” leaders to
the Indonesian army.
   (WSJ, 8/17/95, p.A-1)(SFEC, 4/27/97, p.T6)(SFC,
5/16/00, p.A12,14)(SFC, 9/6/00, p.D2)(AP, 10/4/13)
1965Â Â Â Â Â Â In 2013 an
American-directed documentary, "The Act of Killing," challenged
widely held views about hundreds of thousands of deaths carried out
across Indonesia from 1965 to 1966 in the name of fighting
communism.
   (AP, 10/4/13)
1965 Â Â Â Â Â Â Indonesia became the
first nation ever to withdraw from the United Nations. Indonesia
withdrew in protest of the seating of Malaysia on the UN Security
Council. The former Dutch colony bitterly opposed the formation of
its neighbor Malaysia in 1963, refusing to recognize it and waging a
guerilla war against it. In 1966 a peace agreement with Malaysia was
reached and shortly thereafter Indonesia resumed its membership in
the UN.
   (HNQ, 5/14/98)
1965Â Â Â Â Â Â Indonesia enacted a
blasphemy law in order to prevent abuse of religions.
  Â
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blasphemy_law_in_Indonesia)(Econ,
5/1/10, p.44)
1965-1966 In Indonesia some 500,000 alleged Communists were
slaughtered during this period. As of 2014 the slaughter was never
properly investigated.
   (Econ, 8/9/14, p.36)
1965-1979Â Â Â Pramoedya Ananta Toer (41), outspoken
writer, was arrested and put into a Jakarta prison. He was later
sent to a labor camp on the island of Buru and was never charged
with a crime.
   (WSJ, 4/30/99, p.W9)(SFEC, 5/9/99, BR p.1)
1966Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 11, Army generals held
guns to the head of Pres. Sukarno and forced him to sign a document
transferring power to Gen. Suharto.
   (SFC, 12/9/00, p.A18)
1966Â Â Â Â Â Â Apr 15, A US embassy
communication to the Department of State about the number of deaths
in Indonesia said: "We frankly do not know whether the real figure
is closer to 100,000 or 1,000,000 but believe it wiser to err on the
side of the lower estimates, especially when questioned by the
press."
   (AP, 4/18/16)
1966Â Â Â Â Â Â In Indonesia right-wing
death squads killed as many as 500,000 people in a spasm of
anti-Communist violence. Pres. Sukarno was later ousted and replaced
by General Suharto and his Golkar Party.
   (SFC, 8/9/96, p.A19)(SFC, 6/21/96, p.A14)(SFC,
6/22/96, p.A12)(HNQ, 5/21/98)
1966Â Â Â Â Â Â A team at Cornell Univ.
published an influential report on what really happened during the
violent takeover of Indonesia, in October 1915. Benedict Anderson
(1936-2015), born in China to an Anglo-Irish father and English
mother, was part of the team.
  Â
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedict_Anderson)(Econ, 5/21/16,
p.77)
1966 Â Â Â Â Â Â Malaysia and Indonesia
reached a peace agreement and shortly thereafter Indonesia resumed
its membership in the UN.
   (HNQ, 5/14/98)
1966Â Â Â Â Â Â Indonesia’s annual per
capita income was $70.
   (SFEC, 5/17/98, p.A20)
1967Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 8, The Association of
Southeast Asian Nations or ASEAN was established in Bangkok by the
five original Member Countries, namely, Indonesia, Malaysia,
Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. Brunei Darussalam joined
on 8 January 1984, Vietnam on 28 July 1995, Laos and Myanmar on 23
July 1997, and Cambodia on 30 April 1999.
   (www.aseansec.org/64.htm)
1967Â Â Â Â Â Â Pres. Sukarno was placed
under house arrest and Suharto became acting president.
   (WSJ, 5/22/98, p.A15)
1967Â Â Â Â Â Â Indonesia banned the
public celebration of Chinese cultural and religious events. The ban
was revoked in 2000 by Pres. Wahid.
   (SFC, 1/19/00, p.A16)
1967Â Â Â Â Â Â Freeport-McMoran Copper
& Gold Inc. arrived in Indonesia. The government was given a 10%
stake in the world’s largest copper and gold deposit.
   (WSJ, 9/29/98, p.A1)
1968Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 27, Suharto succeeded
Sukarno as president of Indonesia. Gen'l. Suharto thwarted a
Communist coup and gradually assumed power. Thousands of alleged
communists were executed amid widespread violence.
   (WSJ, 5/22/98, p.A15)(SFC, 9/8/99, p.A17)(MC,
3/27/02)
1969Â Â Â Â Â Â Jul 14 - 1969 Aug 2, In
West Papua the "Act of Free Choice" was conducted by the Indonesian
military forces. A UN approved referendum, involving 1,026
handpicked pro-Jakarta tribal chiefs, ratified Indonesia’s 1963
annexation of West Papua. Many voted at gunpoint in the unanimous
decision. In papers released in 2004 it was revealed that US
Ambassador Marshall Green in 1969 had foreknowledge that Indonesia
had no intention of allowing a Papuan vote that might prevent
Indonesia from annexing West Papua as a Indonesian province; he
further pointed out that any UN member would be unwise to expect
free or direct elections.
   (WSJ, 6/6/00, p.A23)(SSFC, 9/1/02,
p.A15)(http://tinyurl.com/7cxq3)(Econ, 6/30/12, p.46)
1970Â Â Â Â Â Â Sukarno, former president
(1945-1965), died in Jakarta.
   (WSJ, 7/24/01, p.A1)(HNQ, 8/17/01)
1970s      Jemaah Islamiah began
operating as a militant Muslim group. In 2002 its alleged leader,
cleric Abu Bakar Baaysir (64), lived unmolested on Java.
   (WSJ, 8/13/02, p.A14)
1971Â Â Â Â Â Â Organized opposition to
Pres. Suharto emerged.
   (SFC, 5/20/98, p.A12)
1971Â Â Â Â Â Â In south central
Kalimantan, Borneo, Birute Galdikas established a research center
and rehabilitation station for ex-captive orangutans.
   (SFC, 1/6/98, p.A19)
1972Â Â Â Â Â Â Abdullah Sungkar (d.1999)
and Abu Bakar Baasyir co-founded the al Mukmin Islamic boarding
school in Ngruki, Java. The school went on to produce almost all of
Indonesia's to terrorists.
   (WSJ, 9/2/03, p.A1)
1972Â Â Â Â Â Â Australia and Indonesia
agreed to a maritime boundary set by the deepest point between them
in the Timor Sea.
   (Econ, 6/8/13, p.44)
1973Â Â Â Â Â Â A rice crises led Pres.
Suharto on a campaign to make the country self-sufficient in the
grain. The State Logistics Board, Bulog, was assigned the task of
stabilizing the food market by buying and selling rice. The agency
was very powerful and there is evidence that it was also corrupt.
   (WSJ, 10/20/98, p.A6)
1973Â Â Â Â Â Â Mobs killed and raped
ethnic Chinese residents and looted and destroyed their businesses.
   (SFC, 6/13/00, p.A12)
1974Â Â Â Â Â Â Apr 22, A Pan Am 707
crashed into the mountains of Bali, killing 107.
   (www.pan-american.de/Desasters/Tinga-Tinga.html)
1974Â Â Â Â Â Â Traditional Amungme lands
were ceded to Freeport-McMoran in exchange for promises of health,
education and economic aid.
   (WSJ, 9/29/98, p.A10)
1974Â Â Â Â Â Â Mobs killed and raped
ethnic Chinese residents and looted and destroyed their businesses.
   (SFC, 6/13/00, p.A12)
1975Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct 16, In East Timor five
Australian journalists were killed when Indonesian troops overran
the border town of Balibo. A 6th died weeks later when Jakarta
launched a full-scale assault on Dili. In 2009 the film “Balibo,” by
Australian director Rob Connolly, depicted the killings.
   (AP,
7/22/09)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balibo_Five)
1975Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct, US National Security
Advisor Henry Kissinger told his staff: "I'm assuming you're really
going to keep your mouth shut on the subject,"Â in response to
reports that Indonesia had begun its attack on East Timor. This
statement was only made public in 2005.
   (AFP, 12/02/05)
1975Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov 28, The Portuguese
colonial rule collapsed and East Timor proclaimed independence, but
10 days later it was invaded by Indonesia.
   (G&M, 1/31/96, p.A-9)(SFC, 7/21/96, zone 1,
p.8)(SFC, 10/16/96, p.A18)
1975Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 4, Ramos Horta helped
form an independent East Timor government but was forced to flee 3
days before Indonesia invaded.
   (SFEC, 6/27/99, p.A22)
1975Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 6, US President Ford
and Secretary of State Kissinger met with Indonesian President
Suharto and explicitly approved Indonesia’s invasion of East Timor.
This information was only made public in 2005.
   (AFP,
12/02/05)(www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB62/)
1975Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 7, Indonesia invaded
East Timor nine days after the Timorese political party Fretilin
claimed independence. Some 600,000 were left dead after a prolonged
war.
   (SFC, 7/21/96, Z1, p.8)(SFEC, 8/29/99,
p.A19)(HNQ, 11/9/00)
1975Â Â Â Â Â Â Mohan Lal Mittal, tired of
India’s semi-socialism, bought a tiny steel firm in Indonesia. His
son, Lakshmi (b.1950), soon led the operations there. In 2006 he
created the world’s largest steel firm with the acquisition of
Luxembourg-based Arcelor. In 2008 Tim Bouquet and Byron Ousey
authored “Cold Steel: Britain’s Richest Man and the
Multi-Billion-Dollar Battle for a Global Empire.
   (Econ, 10/30/04, p.66)(Econ, 4/19/08, p.101)
1975-1999Â Â Â A 2005 Australian report prepared for
the UN said Indonesia killed up to 180,000 East Timorese through
massacres, torture and starvation during its 24-year occupation.
   (AP, 1/19/06)
1976Â Â Â Â Â Â Jul 15, Indonesia passed a
law providing for annexation of East Timor, which the President of
Indonesia signed on 17 July. East Timor became the 27th province of
the Republic of Indonesia. The act was not recognized by the UN.
   (G&M, 1/31/96,
p.A-9)(www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/timor-bkg.htm)
1976Â Â Â Â Â Â Armed uprisings began in
Aceh province. Hasan di Tiro launched the Free Aceh Independence
Movement (GAM).
   (SFEC, 11/7/99, p.A30)(SFEC, 12/5/99, p.A26)(SFC,
4/20/02, p.A8)
1976Â Â Â Â Â Â PT Dirgantara Indonesia
was founded as a state-owned company to produce prestige-enhancing
aircraft.
   (Econ, 2/15/14, p.57)
1977Â Â Â Â Â Â May 23, Moluccan
extremists held 105 schoolchildren and 50 others hostage on a
hijacked train in Netherlands. The children were released May 27.
The siege ended June 11.
   (www.tkb.org/Group.jsp?groupID=4024)
1977Â Â Â Â Â Â Jun 11, A 20-day hostage
drama in the Netherlands ended as Dutch marines stormed a train and
a school held by South Moluccan extremists. Six gunmen and two
hostages on the train were killed.
   (AP, 6/11/97)
1977Â Â Â Â Â Â In Irian Jaya Indonesian
forces put down an uprising. Human rights groups estimated that some
tens of thousands of highlanders were killed while the government
said fewer than 900 deaths resulted.
   (SFC, 2/6/01, p.A10)
1978Â Â Â Â Â Â The Istiqlal mosque was
constructed in Jakarta, the largest in the Southern Hemisphere. It
was able to host 120,000 people.
   (SFEC, 4/27/97, p.T7)
1978Â Â Â Â Â Â The government dismantled
student councils and boosted study loads to curtail political
activity.
   (SFC, 3/20/98, p.A12)
1978Â Â Â Â Â Â B.J. Habibie was appointed
technology minister by Pres. Suharto.
   (SFC, 5/21/98, p.A14)
1978-2002Â Â Â The Indonesian military systematically
forced dozens of East Timorese women to become sex slaves for
officers during its 24-year occupation of the half-island.
   (AP, 4/29/03)
1979Â Â Â Â Â Â Pramoedya Ananta Toer,
outspoken writer, was released after spending 11 years in a labor
camp on the island of Buru. He was never charged with a crime. Upon
his release he wrote and published the "Buru Quartet" of novels. In
1999 his memoir of those years was published in English as "The
Mute's Soliloquey." He was kept under either house or city arrest
even after his release until 1999 when he was allowed a passport to
visit New York City.
   (WSJ, 4/30/99, p.W9)(SFEC, 5/9/99, BR p.1)
1979Â Â Â Â Â Â Hasan di Tiro, leader of
the Free Aceh Movement, went into exile in Sweden.
   (SFEC, 12/5/99, p.A26)
1980Â Â Â Â Â Â A 7 ½ mile wall was built
in West Java province to keep out jungle animals.
   (SFC, 9/14/02, p.A20)
1980Â Â Â Â Â Â Mobs killed and raped
ethnic Chinese residents and looted and destroyed their businesses.
   (SFC, 6/13/00, p.A12)
1981Â Â Â Â Â Â Jan 27, The Indonesian
passenger ship Tamponas II caught fire and sank in Java sea killing
580 people.
   (AP, 2/3/06)
1982Â Â Â Â Â Â In Indonesia over
three-quarters of the Riau province of central Sumatra was forested.
By 2010 this dropped about a quarter.
   (Econ, 10/30/10, p.44)
1983Â Â Â Â Â Â Jun 20, The crew of the
space shuttle Challenger, including America's first woman in space,
Sally K. Ride, launched the Indonesian-owned Palapa B communications
satellite into orbit.
   (http://tinyurl.com/2uu2fj)
1985Â Â Â Â Â Â Pres. Suharto of Indonesia
vowed to crackdown on political extremists following an outbreak of
bombings and arson in Jakarta.
   (WSJ, 3/11/04, p.D7)
1985Â Â Â Â Â Â In Indonesia bombs
exploded at Borobudur, a Buddhist temple complex on Java. Pres.
Suharto had promised 3 weeks earlier to crackdown on political
extremists.
   (WSJ, 3/11/04, p.A1)
1986Â Â Â Â Â Â In Jakarta, Indonesia,
there were bomb attacks on the US, Japanese and Canadian embassies
in Jakarta. Tsutomo Shirosaki, a Japanese Red Army terrorist, was
arrested 10 years later.
   (WSJ, 7/2/03, p.A1)
1988Â Â Â Â Â Â American geologist James
Moffett (b.1938), founder of Freeport-McMoRan (1981), oversaw the
development of Grasberg in Indonesia, one of the world’s largest
copper and gold mines.
   (Econ, 1/2/16, p.50)
1989Â Â Â Â Â Â There were more armed
uprisings in Aceh province.
   (SFEC, 11/7/99, p.A30)
1989-1999Â Â Â Jakarta designated Aceh as a military
zone.
   (SFC, 1/20/00, p.A12)
1990Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 10, In Indonesia Mount
Kelud erupted. Some 33 post eruption lahars took place from Feb
15-mar28 and more than 30 people were killed with hundreds injured.
   (AP,
11/3/07)(www.springerlink.com/content/x7d7qvad0ct3c9bf/)
1991Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov 12, Indonesian troops
under Lt. Gen’l. Sintong Panjaitan killed numerous people in the
Santa Cruz Cemetery of Dili, East Timor. The massacre of over 270
civilians, gathered at the funeral of a young man killed 2 weeks
earlier, by Indonesian troops was witnessed by reporter Allan Nairn.
Nairn was arrested, beaten and banned from the country.
   (SFC,11/26/97, p.C2)(SFC, 3/17/98, p.B10)(SFC,
6/19/98, p.B7)
1991Â Â Â Â Â Â The JCET program (Joint
Combined Exchange and Training) was established under a law that
bypassed State Department policy in which military aid is restricted
to foreign units charged with human rights abuses. This resulted in
US Special Forces assignments for training exercises in Indonesia
and Columbia.
   (SFC, 3/17/98, p.B2,10)
1991Â Â Â Â Â Â Mount Lokon, one of about
129 active volcanoes in Indonesia, erupted. It killed a Swiss hiker
and forced thousands of people to flee their homes.
   (AP, 10/26/11)
1991-1996Â Â Â Batam Island has attracted $250 mil in
manufacturing investments with wages 1/5 of those in Singapore.
   (WSJ, 6/13/96, p.A6)
1992Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov, Xanana Gusmao, East
Timor rebel leader, was arrested at a "safe house" outside Dili for
fighting Indonesian forces. He was sentenced to life in prison in
1993 following a trial in which he was represented by a member of
the Indonesian security service. The sentence was later commuted to
20 years and he was moved to house arrest in 1999.
   (SFC, 2/10/99, p.C2)(SFC, 9/8/99, p.A14)
1992Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 12, At least 2,200
people were killed in an earthquake that struck the Flores Island
region of Indonesia.
   (AP, 12/12/97)
1992Â Â Â Â Â Â John Huang, an employee of
the Indonesian-based Lippo Group, authorized a $50,000 check to the
Democrats and then sought reimbursement from company headquarters in
Jakarta. He later served in the US Commerce Dept. and as a
Democratic Party fund raiser.
   (SFC, 7/17/97, p.A1)
1992Â Â Â Â Â Â The US Congress banned
Indonesia from receiving Pentagon training under the IMET Program
(Int’l. Military Education and Training).
   (SFC, 3/17/98, p.B10)
1992Â Â Â Â Â Â The US Pentagon began
training Indonesian military forces, including the Kopassus commando
unit under the J-CET program (Joint Combined Exchange and Training).
   (SFC, 3/17/98, p.B2,10)
1993Â Â Â Â Â Â Konis Santana (d.1998)
took over leadership of the guerrilla Fretilin Party after the
arrest and jailing of Xanana Gusmao.
   (SFC, 3/31/98, p.B3)
1993Â Â Â Â Â Â James Riady, billionaire,
began to be a guest at the Clinton White House. His family runs the
Lippo Group, a financial conglomerate out of Jakarta.
   (SFC, 11/5/96, p.A1)
1994Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 16, At least 217
people were killed when a powerful earthquake shook Indonesia's
Sumatra island.
   (AP, 2/16/99)
1994Â Â Â Â Â Â Jun 5, At least 264
Indonesian villagers in East Java were killed by an earthquake.
   (AP, 6/5/99)
1994Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov 14, President Clinton,
in Indonesia, met one-on-one with the leaders of China, Japan and
South Korea, winning pledges to keep the pressure on North Korea to
freeze its nuclear weapons program.
   (AP, 11/14/99)
1994Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov 15, The 18-member
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation group concluded a two-day summit
in Indonesia by adopting a sweeping resolution to remove trade and
investment barriers in the region by 2020.
   (AP, 11/15/99)
1994Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov 16, President Clinton,
ending a five-day trip to Asia, discussed human rights with
Indonesian President Suharto.
   (AP, 11/16/04)
1994Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov 22, In Indonesia the
Merapi volcano erupted. Pyroclastic flows and surges killed 43
people.
   (http://dogeatdogma.com/merapi.htm)(Reuters,
10/26/10)
1994Â Â Â Â Â Â Ati Nurbaiti and other
journalists founded the Alliance of Independent Journalists after
the Suharto regime banned 3 respected publications.
   (SFC, 5/21/02, p.A11)
1994Â Â Â Â Â Â Megawati Sukarnoputri,
daughter of the late Pres. Sukarno, became leader of the opposition
Indonesian Democratic Party.
   (SFC, 6/21/96, p.A14)
1994Â Â Â Â Â Â Lt. Gen’l. Panjaitan of
Indonesia was ordered by a US District court in Boston to pay $14
million in damages to the mother of a 20-year-old New Zealand man
who was among those killed in the Nov 1991 massacre in Dili, East
Timor. Panjaitan was in Boston for studies but never appeared in
court.
   (SFC, 6/19/98, p.B7)
1994-2000Â Â Â On Indonesia’s island of New Guinea the
Meren Glacier on Puncak Jaya, a 3-mile high peak, vanished during
this period. Researchers later estimated that ice on the mountain
covering 7 square miles had shrunk from 7 square miles in 1850 to 1
square mile in 2008.
   (SSFC, 1/6/08, p.A11)Â
1995Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct 7, An earthquake
killed 100 people on Indonesia's island of Sumatra. It measured 7.0
on the Richter scale.
   (WSJ, 10/9/95, p.A-1)
1995Â Â Â Â Â Â Indonesia ostensibly
outlawed land clearing fires after smog hit Singapore.
   (WSJ, 9/30/97, p.A17)
1995Â Â Â Â Â Â Lakshmi Mittal (b.1950),
India-born entrepreneur, transferred his steel firm's headquarters
from Indonesia to London, a city Mr Mittal rated as the world's
financial centre.
   (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/1820324.stm)
1995Â Â Â Â Â Â Â A flight operated by
the Indonesia-based Merpati Nusantara Airlines disappeared over open
water while flying between islands in the archipelago nation. The de
Havilland Twin Otter 300 with 14 crew and passengers was never
found.
   (AP, 3/14/14)
1996Â Â Â Â Â Â Jan 19, A ferry sank in a
storm off Sumatra, Indonesia, killing about 340 people.
   (AP, 2/3/06)     Â
1996Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 17, A powerful 7.5
earthquake and subsequent tidal waves hit eastern Indonesia in the
region of Irian Jaya and killed at least 62 people. Tidal waves
killed more than 100 people in Indonesia.
   (WSJ, 2/20/96, p.A-1)(AP, 2/17/01)
1996Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 12, Rioting forced the
closure of a US copper mine (82% owned by Freeport-McMoRan Copper
& Gold) in Trimika, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. At least three people
were killed and dozens injured as the army restored order.
   (WSJ,3/14/96, p.A-15)
1996Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 19, Riots in Indonesia
killed five people during demonstrations protesting the death of a
jailed rebel leader.
   (WSJ, 3/19/96, p.A-1)
1996Â Â Â Â Â Â Apr, An army officer
opened fire in an airport in Irian Jaya and killed 14 and wounded
11. The shootings were apparently due to a dispute between two army
units.
   (WSJ, 4/16/96, p.A-1)
1996Â Â Â Â Â Â May 16, Indonesian
commandos rescued 9 hostages, members of a scientific team,Â
seized by separatists in Irian Jaya 4 months ago.
   (WSJ, 5/16/96, p.A-1)
1996Â Â Â Â Â Â May 25, In Indonesia’s
southern Sumatran province of Lampung, villagers were being harassed
by herds of marauding elephants. The elephants had been driven from
their usual habitats by deforestation. Two people were trampled and
8,00 villagers in the Perwakilan Suwoh subdistrict have been
attacked.
   (SFC, 5/25/96, p.A5)
1996Â Â Â Â Â Â May 28, Pres. Suharto of
Indonesia banned women from participating in beauty contests abroad.
1996Â Â Â Â Â Â May, The Hong Kong listed
Millennium Group, partly owned by the Tanuwidjaja family of
Indonesia, bought 25% of World Wide Golden Leaf, a tobacco company
owned by Ted Sioeng.
   (WSJ, 1/13/98, p.A22)
1996Â Â Â Â Â Â Jun 13, The Supreme Court
restored a ban on the magazine Tempo for publishing stories critical
of the government.
   (SFC, 6/14/96, p. A17)
1996Â Â Â Â Â Â Jun 20, Fighting broke out
when the army backed dissidents who wanted to oust Megawati
Sukarnoputri as leader of the opposition Indonesian Democratic
Party. Party members fought with troops in Jakarta in support of
Megawati who is seen as a threat to Pres. Suharto.
   (SFC, 6/21/96, p.A14)
1996Â Â Â Â Â Â Jul 13, Mt. Merapi volcano
in Java be about to erupt.
   (SFC, 7/13/96, p.A10)
1996Â Â Â Â Â Â Jul 27, In Indonesia
soldiers raided the headquarters of Megawati Sukarnoputri. They
arrested 176 people and riots followed with 5 dead and 26 injured.
   (WSJ, 7/29/96, p.A1)(SFC, 12/13/96, p.B4)
1996Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 11, Budiman Sujatmiko,
leader of the unauthorized People’s Democratic Party, was one of ten
people arrested. The government was considering charges of
subversion.
   (SFC, 8/13/96, p.A10)
1996Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct, Guruh Sukarno Putra,
son of Indonesia’s first president, released the album “NTXTC,”
short for “Anti-Ecstasy.” It was intended as a statement against use
of the ecstasy drug that sells for up to $45 a pop across the
country.
   (WSJ, 1/29/97, p.A9)
1996Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov, From Dili Jose Ramos
Horta in 1997 presented video images taken at time of torture of
East Timorese youths to the United Nations Human Rights Committee.
   (SFC, 4/8/97, p.A9)
1996Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov, Cambodian leader Hun
Sen and businessman Theng Bunma attended the wedding of Indonesian
businessman Ted Sioeng’s daughter Laureen and Subandi Tanuwidjaja in
Hong Kong.
   (WSJ, 1/13/98, p.A22)
1996Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 10, Roman Catholic
Bishop Filipe Ximenes Belo and exiled activist Jose Ramos Horta,
opponents of Indonesia's occupation of East Timor, accepted the
Nobel Peace Prize.
   (AP, 12/10/97)
1996Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 12, Muchtar Pakpahan,
leader of the independent labor union, went on trial with members of
the leftist political party in connection with the July riots.
   (SFC, 12/13/96, p.B4)
1996Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 19, A new city was
approved in Jonggol, 25 miles southeast of Jakarta. Pres. Suharto’s
son, Bambang Trihatmodjo, was in charge of the consortium overseeing
the project.
   (WSJ, 12/27/96, p.A6)
1996Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 26, Muslims rioted in
Tasikmalaya in western Java after police tortured 3 Muslim teachers
accused of assaulting a policeman’s son.
   (WSJ, 12/27/96, p.A1)
1996Â Â Â Â Â Â The Mega Rice Project was
initiated in in the southern sections of Kalimantan, the Indonesian
section of Borneo. The goal was to turn one million hectares of
unproductive and sparsely populated peat swamp forest into rice
paddies in an effort to alleviate Indonesia's growing food shortage.
The project did not succeed, and was abandoned in 1999 after causing
considerable damage to the environment.
  Â
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mega_Rice_Project)(Econ., 8/15/20,
p.34)
1996Â Â Â Â Â Â Construction on two
610-megawatt, coal fired generators is planned to start this year,
and sales to Indonesia's state utility were expected to begin in
1999.
   (WSJ, 3/26/96, p.A-15)
1996Â Â Â Â Â Â In Indonesia
Freeport-McMoran pledged to spend 1% of its Irian Jaya revenue,
about $15 million a year, on local development.
   (WSJ, 9/29/98, p.A10)
1996Â Â Â Â Â Â Jim Guy Tucker, former
governor of Arkansas, invested $6.5 million into a cable company
later called PT K@belvision at the invitation of James Riady. They
later planned to stitch together an Internet backbone for Indonesia.
   (WSJ, 6/28/00, p.A1)
1996Â Â Â Â Â Â Abdullah Sungkar (1999)
and Abu Bakar Baasyir, self-exiled Indonesian clerics, together with
Riduan Isamuddin, established Jemaah Islamiyah in Malaysia.
   (WSJ, 1/15/03, p.A1)
1996-2001Â Â Â In Indonesia, fighting over this period
in West Kalimantan province between Dayaks and Muslim migrants from
the island of Madura left thousands of people dead.
   (Econ 7/22/17, p.30)
1997Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 28, From Malaysia it
was reported that the Dayaks were killing the Madurans in the rain
forest of West Kalimantan, Borneo. The indigenous Dayaks had killed
as many as 300 Madurans in fierce hand combat after a peace treaty
was broken. The Madurans were moved in by the government from an
overpopulated area.
   (SFC, 2/28/97, p.A16)(WSJ, 4/2/99, p.A9)
1997Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 19, Bre-X geologist
Michael de Guzman, husband to four wives, was reported to have
jumped to his death from a helicopter enroute to Busang, the site of
a major gold discovery. Bre-X held a 45% stake in the Busang site.
   (WSJ, 4/9/97, p.A10)
1997Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 26, Bre-X and Freeport
Mining announced that due-diligence testing by Freeport found much
less gold than estimated in the Busang discovery by the team of
Michael de Guzman.
   (WSJ, 4/9/97, p.A10)
1997Â Â Â Â Â Â Apr 14, In SF the winners
of the 1997 Goldman Environmental Prize were: Included was Loir
Botor Dingit, Indonesian tribal chief, for struggling to protect
ancestral rain forest from logging.
   (SFC, 4/14/97, p.A11)
1997Â Â Â Â Â Â Apr 25, Some 5,000
demonstrators protested wage policies at the Nike shoe factory. They
said Nike was not paying a $2.50 per day minimum wage. A 10.7% wage
increase was negotiated the next day.
   (SFEC, 4/27/97, p.T7)
1997Â Â Â Â Â Â Apr 29, Police broke up a
demonstration and 5 activists were given 7-13 year prison terms on
charges of subversion.
   (SFC, 4/29/97, p.A10)
1997Â Â Â Â Â Â May 18, As elections
approached thousands of anti-government partisans have crowded the
streets of Jakarta to reflect their disillusionment in the
government.
   (SFC, 5/19/97, p.A13)
1997Â Â Â Â Â Â May 23, Thousands rampaged
the streets of Jakarta after a confrontation between the rival
United Development Party and the ruling Golkar Party. A 5-day
cooling off period was declared.
   (SFC, 5/24/97, p.A8)
1997Â Â Â Â Â Â May 23, On Borneo as many
as 130 people died in a shopping complex fire set by rioters during
a political clash.
   (SFEC, 5/26/97, p.A10)
1997Â Â Â Â Â Â May 31, The 7-member ASEAN
alliance, Association of Southeast Asian Nations, met in Kuala
Lumpur and agreed to allow Burma to become a member in July. Laos
and Cambodia were also to be admitted. The members were Thailand,
Singapore, the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei and Vietnam.
   (SFEC, 6/1/97, p.D3)
1997Â Â Â Â Â Â May, In Indonesia Ahmad
Suradji was arrested following the discovery of a body in a field
close to this house in Lubukpakan, a village in North Sumatra
province. Forty-one other corpses were later found nearby. Suradji
was later convicted of murder and executed in 2008.
   (AP, 7/11/08)
1997Â Â Â Â Â Â Jun 25, In Dili East Timor
rebel leader, Alex, died of gunshot wounds. Rebels charged that he
was only slightly wounded and died under interrogation.
   (SFC, 6/28/97, p.A11)
1997Â Â Â Â Â Â Jul 19, A court sentenced
16 people to jail terms of 2-7 months for the May rioting that left
123 dead on Borneo.
   (WSJ, 7/21/97, p.A1)
1997Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 9, In Indonesia huge
fires in tropical forests and plantations on Sumatra and Borneo and
Java were blamed on slash-and-burn farming techniques. Fires
originally set by developers to clear forest for palm plantations in
Borneo and Sumatra ran out of control and darkened skies across much
of Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore. The World Bank estimated that
8% of total global emission of greenhouse gases for the year were
due to the fires.
   (SFC, 8/9/97, p.A12)(SFC, 9/25/97, p.A11)(Econ,
3/25/06, p.74)
1997Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug, A 43 billion economic
bailout package obliged the government to run a budget surplus,
close insolvent banks, end nepotism and raise interest rates.
   (SFC, 1/8/98, p.A7)
1997Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 17, It was reported
that government spending was slashed and projects for power plants
and roads were put on hold in order to keep the economy on an even
keel.
   (WSJ, 9/17/97, p.A17)
1997Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 24, It was reported
that drought has destroyed crops across the Indonesian archipelago
and could force up to 1 million villagers into a famine diet. Forest
and scrub fires continued to burn out of control. 750,000 acres of
bush land had burned. It was the worst drought in 50 years.
   (SFC, 9/24/97, p.A12)(SFC, 9/25/97, p.A11)(SFC,
7/6/98, p.A8)
1997Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 26, An Indonesian
Garuda Airbus A-300 crashed while approaching Medan Airport in north
Sumatra and all 234 passengers were killed. Low visibility from the
areas fires were thought to have contributed the tragedy. An air
traffic control error was cited.
   (SFC, 9/27/97, p.A1)(WSJ, 9/29/97, p.A1)(AP,
9/26/98)(SFC, 11/13/01, p.A10)
1997Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 27, Two cargo ships
collided in the strait of Malacca and at least 28 crew members were
missing. Smog from fires impacted visibility.
   (SFEC, 9/28/97, p.A21)
1997Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 28, An earthquake
measuring 6.0 hit Sulawesi island and at least 7 people were killed.
   (SFEC, 9/28/97, p.A21)
1997Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct 8, It was reported
that at least 420 people in western new Guinea had died over the
last 23 months from starvation and illness due to the prolonged
drought.
   (SFC, 10/8/97, p.A10)
1997Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct 26, It was reported
that 120 orangutans on Borneo were killed or tortured by villagers
after they were forced out of their habitats by wildfires.
   (SFC,10/27/97, p.A11)
1997Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct 31, Indonesia was
awarded a $23 billion economic rescue package by the Int’l. Monetary
Fund. Japan and Singapore promised an additional 5 million each and
the US promised an additional $3 billion in loans to be used in case
the $23 billion was insufficient to stabilize the situation.
   (SFC,11/1/97, p.D1)(SFEC,11/2/97, p.A18)
1997Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov 1, Indonesia shut down
16 insolvent banks and planned austerity measures.
   (SFEC,11/2/97, p.A18)
1997Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov 26, A recent visitor
reported that some 40,000 Indonesian troops were stationed in East
Timor among a population of 800,000.
   (SFC,11/26/97, p.C2)
1997Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 4, Some 2,000 Dole
farmworkers on Mindanao went on strike protesting low wages.
   (SFC, 2/16/98, p.A10)
1997Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 8, A fire gutted the
top 3 floors of the central bank and at least 15 people were killed.
   (SFC,12/9/97, p.B3)
1997Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 19, In Indonesia a
Singapore SilkAir operated Boeing 737 jet crashed by the Musi River
north of Palembang on its flight from Jakarta to Singapore. All 104
people on board were feared dead. The 10-month-old plane was later
found to have some fasteners missing. Capt. Tsu Way Ming was later
suspected of having committed suicide due to investment losses
   (SFC,12/20/97, p.A10) (WSJ, 1/8/98, p.1)(WSJ,
7/30/98, p.A1)
1997Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 24, The currency hit a
record low at 6,300 rupiah to the dollar and closed at around 5,850.
   (WSJ, 12/26/97, p.A6)
1997Â Â Â Â Â Â Indonesia’s Bank Harapan
Sentosa (BHS) went under despite a bailout loan of more than $260
million from the Indonesian central bank. In 1998 bank director
Sherny Kojongian Saroha was detained and questioned over her role in
the bank's failure and disappearance of the money. Saroha entered
the US the following year and applied for permanent residency
without disclosing her prior arrest. An Indonesian court in 2002
convicted her in absentia of misusing bank funds and sentenced her
to 20 years in prison. In 2012 she was extradited from the US and
handed over to Indonesia n authorities.
   (AFP, 6/13/12)
1997Â Â Â Â Â Â In Indonesia mobs killed
and raped ethnic Chinese residents and looted and destroyed their
businesses.
   (SFC, 6/13/00, p.A12)
1997-2002Â Â Â Thailand and Indonesia were hit the
hardest in an Asian financial crises and suffered a slump in GDP
during this period of around 35%.
   (Econ, 6/30/07, p.79)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â Jan 8, In Indonesia the
currency and stock market dropped and panic buying hit retailers
after the budget failed to address the nation’s urgent needs. The
rupiah fell at one point to 10,550 to the dollar and the market
dipping 19%.
   (SFC, 1/9/98, p.A8)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â Jan 14, The IMF and
Indonesia agreed to a strengthened economic restructuring plan.
   (SFC, 1/15/98, p.A10)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â Jan 16, It was reported
that Pres. Suharto and his six children have an estimated net worth
of $40 billion, equal to about half the country’s gross domestic
product.
   (SFC, 1/16/98, p.B3)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â Jan 20, Pres. Suharto (76)
announced plans for another 5-year term. He hinted that his
vice-pres. would be Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie (61).
   (SFC, 1/21/98, p.C12)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â Jan 22, The rupiah fell
again and ended the day at 12,000 per US dollar.
   (WSJ, 1/22/98, p.A11)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 9, A curfew was
imposed on the town of Ende after 2 days of riots burned 21 stores
owned by the ethnic Chinese, who dominate most of the businesses.
   (SFC, 2/10/98, p.A12)(WSJ, 2/10/98, p.A1)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 12, Pres. Suharto
ordered the military to move against anti-government activists. The
previous day police detained some 140 protestors in Jakarta.
   (SFC, 2/13/98, p.D2)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 13, Rioting and
looting spread to at least 8 towns.
   (SFC, 2/14/98, p.A8)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 17, In Indonesia Pres.
Suharto fired Soedradjad Djiwandono, the country’s Central Bank
chief.
   (SFC, 2/18/98, p.C3)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 19, In Indonesia 3
Chinese tycoons led by Liem Sioe Liong, the No. 1 individual
taxpayer, started a huge food giveaway to the poor. In Kendari mobs
attacked Chinese-owned shops and homes. In Jakarta some 600 students
demanded that the government quit.
   (SFC, 2/20/98, p.A12)(WSJ, 2/20/98, p.A1)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 22, The government
banned rallies until mid-March. Government troops last week killed 5
people and arrested 921 others during riots.
   (SFC, 2/23/98, p.A12)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 27, It was reported
that hundreds of fires were burning in Kalimantan, Borneo. Most were
set by loggers and small farmers. Drought was fueling the fires and
already 34,600 acres were destroyed this year.
   (SFC, 2/27/98, p.D2)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 1-11, The 1,000 member
People’s Consultative Assembly will affirm the leader for the next 5
years.
   (WSJ, 4/29/97, p.A18)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 6, The IMF announced
that it would delay the release of $3 billion in aid because basic
requirements were not yet met.
   (SFC, 3/9/98, p.A11)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 10, Pres. Suharto was
re-elected by acclamation of the People’s Consultative Assembly to
his 7th 5-year term.
   (SFC, 3/10/98, p.A8)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 12, Students continued
protests against Suharto and violent clashes with police broke out
in Surabaya.
   (WSJ, 3/13/98, p.A1)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 24, The Clinton
administration announced a $56 million food and medical supply
donation to Indonesia.
   (SFC, 3/25/98, p.C14)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 24, In Indonesia a
plan to service its $74 billion foreign debt was being modeled on
the Mexican debt program of the 1980s. Some 4 million construction
and manufacturing jobs were already lost due to the crises.
   (WSJ, 3/25/98, p.A18)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â Apr 5, An outbreak of
dengue fever killed 125 people since the beginning of the year in
South Sumatra.
   (SFEC, 4/5/98, p.T13)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â Apr 7, Indonesia and the
IMF agreed on a new plan for the economy. Pres. Suharto and the fund
made concessions, that included continuing subsidies on food and
fuel and closing more insolvent banks.
   (SFC, 4/898, p.A12)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â Apr 15, Anti-government
rallies were held on at least 25 campuses around the country calling
for the resignation of Suharto and his Cabinet.
   (SFC, 4/16/98, p.A14)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â May 2, Tens of thousands
of students in Jakarta and at least a dozen other cities rallied
against the government.
   (BS, 5/3/98, p.19A)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â May 4, The IMF resumed
lending to Indonesia with the release of almost $1 billion.
   (USAT, 5/5/98, p.1B)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â May 5, In Indonesia
thousands of people clashed with police in Medan in protests as big
increases in the price of gasoline and other essentials went into
effect under an IMF bailout plan.
   (WSJ, 5/6/98, p.A1)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â May 9, President Suharto
left his troubled country for a summit in Egypt with a warning his
army would quell violence over his 32-year rule and the worsening
economy.
   (AP, 5/9/99)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â May 12-1998 May 15, In
Indonesia President Suharto's security forces opened fire on student
protesters at Trisakti Univ. and 6 were killed with another 20
injured. It was later reported that 1,188 people died in Jakarta in
the riots over this period. The nationwide toll was believed to be
much higher. A later government report indicated that the military
contributed to Suharto’s downfall. The report also concluded that 66
women, many of them ethnic Chinese, were raped during the riots.
Human rights groups estimated that 160 women were raped.
   (SFC, 5/13/98, p.A1)(SFC, 5/14/98, p.A14)(SFC,
6/4/98, p.C2)(SFC, 11/4/98, p.A12)(WSJ, 11/4/98, p.A1)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â May 13, Student riots
continued and at least 10 student activists were badly wounded.
Pres. Suharto planned to return home early and said he was willing
to step down if he is no longer trusted to lead the country.
   (SFC, 5/14/98, p.A14)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â May 14, In Indonesia
widespread rioting, shooting, looting and demonstrations continued
for a 3rd day. At least 230 people were killed in the riots, with
over 175 dead from a fire at the 5-story Yogya Plaza shopping center
in East Jakarta.
   (SFC, 5/15/98, p.A1)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â May 15, Trapped in blazing
shopping malls, hundreds of looters burned to death in rioting that
laid smoking waste to Indonesia's capital, Jakarta.
   (AP, 5/15/99)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â May 17, Muslim leader
Amien Rais, head of the 28-million member Muhammadiyah Islamic
group, threatened to bring millions onto the streets to demand
Suharto’s resignation.
   (SFC, 5/18/98, p.A10)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â May 19, Students took over
the parliament building after Suharto made a TV address and promised
much-needed reforms.
   (WSJ, 5/20/98, p.A1)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â May 20, A threatened
anti-Suharto demonstration was called off to avoid bloodshed after
the army mounted a big show of force in the capital.
   (WSJ, 5/20/98, p.A1)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â May 21, In the wake of
deadly anti-government protests, Indonesia’s Pres. Suharto resigned
after 32 years in power and appointed his vice-president, B.J.
Habibie (b. 6/25/36), as the new leader. In 2005 Richard Lloyd Parry
authored “In the Time of Madness,” an account of Indonesia’s
transformation following the resignation of Suharto.
   (SFC, 5/21/98, p.A14)(AP, 5/21/99)(Econ, 4/2/05,
p.77)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â May 22, Gen’l. Wiranto
emerged as defense minister and chief of the armed forces. He
peacefully evicted student protestors from the Parliament and
removed rival Gen’l. Prabowo, a son-in-law of Suharto, to a military
college in Bandung
   (SFC, 5/23/98, p.A12)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â May 24, State Sec. Akbar
Tanjung said that parliamentary elections would be held as soon as
possible, perhaps within 6 months to a year.
   (SFC, 5/25/98, p.A10)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â May 25, The government
released 2 prominent Suharto critics, cancelled some public works
projects that benefited Suharto kin, and named army troops as
suspects in the May 12 shooting of 6 students.
   (SFC, 5/26/98, p.A6)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â May 28, Pres. Habibie
promised to hold elections in 1999 as student protests continued,
though on a smaller scale.
   (SFC, 5/29/98, p.A16)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â May 30, In Indonesia the
government cancelled tax breaks for a “national car” program run by
Suharto’s son, Hutomo Madala Putra, and with four port-service
contracts owned by Hutomo. Economic contraction was feared to reach
10-20%.
   (SFEC, 5/31/98, p.A21)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â Jun 1, The new government
announced a broad inquiry into corruption under ex-Pres. Suharto.
   (SFC, 6/2/98, p.A11)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â Jun 4, Creditor banks
unveiled a plan to restructure $80 billion of foreign debt owed by
banks and corporations.
   (WSJ, 6/5/98, p.A1)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â Jun 9, Pres. Habibie
offered to grant special status to East Timor in exchange for peace
and signed a decree to release 10 [12] jailed East Timor rebels.
   (SFC, 6/10/98, p.A10)(SFC, 6/19/98, p.B7)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â Jun 15, Habibie replaced
the attorney general, a Suharto appointee, with Major Gen’l. Andi
Muhammad Galib, chief of the military’s law office and chief
auditor.
   (SFC, 6/16/98, p.A10)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â cJun 20, In East Timor a
young Timorese was shot dead by a soldier as he gathered wood.
Officers apologized and the soldier was charged.
   (SFEC, 6/28/98, p.A20)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â Jun 25, A revised IMF
bailout deal was loaded with fuel and food subsidies for the
nation’s poor.
   (SFC, 6/26/98, p.D2)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â Jun 25, It was reported
that two new tribes were found in the Mamberamo river area of Irian
Jaya.
   (SFC, 6/26/98, p.D2)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â Jun 27, In East Timor
Manuel Soares (21) was shot dead in Manatuto when troops opened fire
to quell a clash between Pro-Indonesia and pro-independence
supporters. Three EU envoys arrived on a fact-finding mission.
   (SFEC, 6/28/98, p.A20)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â Jul 2, The World Bank
approved $1 billion loan as part of its $4.5 contribution to the $41
billion rescue package.
   (SFC, 7/3/98, p.D2)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â Jul 7, In Indonesia troops
battled protestors on Irian Jaya who demanded independence.
   (WSJ, 7/8/98, p.A1)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 5, A human-rights
group said that graves in Aceh province held bodies of hundreds of
people killed over the last 8 years.
   (WSJ, 8/6/98, p.A1)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 14, Indonesia and the
UN signed an agreement to allow human rights observers access to
East Timor.
   (SFC, 8/15/98, p.A16)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 24, Lt. Gen’l. Prabowo
Subianto, son-in-law of former Pres. Suharto, was discharged. He had
been the chief of Kopassus, a special forces unit that was
implicated in abductions and torture of political dissidents.
   (SFC, 8/25/98, p.A8)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 29, In Indonesia riots
quelled after thousands of fishermen burned at least 10 trawlers in
Cilacap. They complained of exploitation by ethnic Chinese where
they were paid about 18 cents per day. There were riots all week
across the country due to economic turmoil.
   (SFEC, 8/28/98, p.A21)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 2, Indonesian police
on Sumatra shot 2 people to death in Lhokseumawe on the 2nd day of
rioting. Rioters freed 90 prisoners and hundreds of ethnic Chinese
fled the town. Several thousand fresh troops were sent to the city
in the province of Aceh.
   (WSJ, 9/3/98, p.A1)(SFC, 9/3/98, p.C18)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 7, In Indonesia
students rallied in Jakarta and demanded that Pres. Habibie quit.
Rioters in Kebumen attacked ethnic Chinese shops and homes.
   (WSJ, 9/8/98, p.A1)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 14, In Medan a strike
by 6,000 taxi drivers deteriorated into a riot.
   (WSJ, 9/16/98, p.A19)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 15, In Indonesia a 2nd
week of looting and rioting continued.
   (WSJ, 9/16/98, p.A19)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct 15, From Indonesia it
was reported that machete-wielding gangs have killed at least 153
people in Banyuwangi in recent months. The dead were accused of
dabbling in black magic and denounced as evil sorcerers. The
killings were reported to be spreading to the neighboring districts
of Jember, Pasuruan, Situbondo, and the island of Madura.
   (SFC, 10/15/98, p.A12)(WSJ, 10/16/98, p.A13)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct 22, Astra Int’l., the
nation’s biggest auto assembler, told creditors that it must stop
paying interest on $1.4 billion in loans due to the economic
downturn. Rini Soewandi (40) became head of Astra in this year.
   (WSJ, 10/23/98, p.A12)(WSJ, 10/28/99, p.A1)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct 28, In Indonesia some
8,000 students staged a sit-in in Jakarta and demanded the B.J.
Habibie step down.
   (SFC, 10/29/98, p.A14)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov 10, In Indonesia
student protestors demanded that Suharto be brought to trial and
that a probe of human rights abuses be initiated, while rulers
initiated a 4-day meeting to dismantle past laws and plot a
democratic future.
   (SFC, 11/11/98, p.A10)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov 12, In Indonesia
troops opened fire with rubber bullets on student demonstrators. One
police officer was killed and over 120 people were injured.
   (SFC, 11/13/98, p.A16)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov 13, In Indonesia
student protests continued and 12 people were reported killed.
Meanwhile the legislative assembly approved new elections for next
year and an investigation into past corruption. A half dozen were
killed and scores wounded in what soon came to be called Black
Friday.
   (SFC, 11/14/98, p.A10)(SFC, 11/16/98, p.A12)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov 14, In Jakarta
residents of poor neighborhoods attacked shopping malls, banks, car
dealerships and Chinese-owned shops. Troops took action to quell the
rioting and one police officer was reported killed.
   (SFEC, 11/15/98, p.A23)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov 18, In Jakarta
thousands marched in continuing protests. It was also reported that
students were killed the previous week with live bullets. The
military had insisted that only plastic and blank ammunition was
issued.
   (SFC, 11/19/98, p.C3)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov 20, In Indonesia
thousands of students marched and demanded the resignations of Pres.
Habibie and military chief Wiranto following doctor’s confirmation
that protestors were killed with live ammunition on Nov 13-14. In
Pinrang thousands of villagers rioted after finding that they could
not withdraw savings from an outlawed bank.
   (SFC, 11/21/98, p.A1)(SFEC, 11/22/98, p.A24)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov 20, UN sponsored
autonomy negotiations on East Timor were suspended after 44 people
were reported killed under a military crackdown by the Indonesian
government. The Red Cross later denied the reports of a massacre.
   (WSJ, 11/23/98, p.A1)(WSJ, 11/27/98, p.A1)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov 21, In Indonesia Pres.
Habibie ordered a new corruption inquiry into former autocrat
Suharto.
   (SFEC, 11/22/98, p.A24)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov 22, In Indonesia
rioting in Jakarta erupted after a gang fight between Muslims and
Christian migrants. At least 14 people were killed and a dozen
churches were burned or damaged.
   (SFC, 11/23/98, p.A10)(WSJ, 11/24/98, p.A1)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov 26, In Indonesia
Suharto signed over control of 7 foundations holding over $530
million.
   (WSJ, 11/27/98, p.A1)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov 29, In Jakarta the
opposition Muslim Party began a 4-day rally.
   (WSJ, 11/30/98, p.A1)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov 29, In Indonesia a 7.6
earthquake was centered near Taliabu Island in the Maluku Sea. At
least 25 people were killed on Mangole Island and some 89 were
injured.
   (SFC, 11/30/98, p.B10)(SFC, 12/1/98, p.A11)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov 30, At least 6 mosques
in the West Timor city of Kupang were attacked.
   (WSJ, 12/1/98, p.A16)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 11, Hutomo “Tommy”
Mandala Putra, Suharto’s youngest son, was charged as a suspect in a
corruption case. Also charged was Beddu Amang, a former chief of the
state-run food distribution agency known as Bulog.
   (SFC, 12/12/98, p.B2)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 13, Indonesia
announced a plan to recruit some 40,000 young people to help
suppress social and religious unrest.
   (SFC, 12/14/98, p.C2)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 16, In the Borneo town
of Samarinda a strike turned violent and ethnic-Chinese shops were
looted by mobs.
   (WSJ, 12/17/98, p.A1)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 17, In Indonesia some
4,000 students attempted to storm the parliament in Jakarta in a 2nd
day of riots. They were stopped by police riot squads.
   (SFC, 12/18/98, p.D2)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 23, An Indonesian
military court charged 11 soldiers with kidnapping dissidents before
the ouster of Suharto. Prabowo Subianto, a son-in-law of Suharto led
the unit and has since fled to Jordan and become a citizen.
   (WSJ, 12/24/98, p.A1)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â In Indonesia the
1,480-foot Kuningan Persada Tower was scheduled for completion in
Jakarta. It would have become the world’s tallest building, but an
economic crises shelved the project.
  Â
(www.nottingham.ac.uk/sbe/tallbuildings/Articles_Books/PersadaTop.htm)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â In Indonesia the Islamic
Defenders’ Front (FPI) was founded by security forces to counter
leftist students. It developed a record of bloodily intimidating
Christians, Ahmadis and those offending its puritanical morality.
   (Econ, 9/12/09, SR p.9)(Econ, 12/24/16, p.52)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â Indonesia suffered an
economic meltdown in the wake of Suharto’s loss of power. The GDP
contracted 13.2% in this year. The IMF insisted on the dismantling
of monopolies tied to the Suharto regime as a condition of giving
aid.Â
   (WSJ, 5/16/01, p.A1)(Econ, 9/12/09, SR p.9)(Econ,
4/9/11, p.76)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â On Indonesia’s Sulawesi
Island a dispute arose in Poso between Muslims and Christians over
control of the local government. Over the next 3 years hundreds were
killed and an estimated 75,000 were forced from their homes.
   (SFC, 12/14/01, p.E1)
1998Â Â Â Â Â Â In Indonesia fires this
year devastated over 5 million hectares of forest.
   (Econ, 9/25/10, SR p.6)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Jan 3, In Indonesia 6
people died following a riot touched off by a military raid in Aceh
province. The military sought Ahmad Kandang, leader of the
separatist Free Aceh movement.
   (SFC, 1/4/99, p.A8)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Jan 5, Pres. Habibie
unveiled a draft budget that assumed no growth and 17% inflation.
   (WSJ, 1/6/99, p.A1)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Jan 8, In Indonesia some
2,000 people rampaged in Karawang and 2 people were shot dead by
police.
   (SFC, 1/9/99, p.A9)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Jan 9, In Indonesia 4
separatist supporters were beaten to death in Aceh province.
   (WSJ, 1/11/99, p.A1)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Jan 20, In Indonesia
rioting extended for a 3rd day on Ambon Island where at least 22
people were killed.
   (SFC, 1/21/99, p.A14)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Jan 21, In Telagakodok at
least 40 Christian villagers were killed by a mob of Muslims.
   (SFC, 1/26/99, p.A14)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Jan 22, In Indonesia order
was restored on the island of Ambon after 45 people died in 4 days
of rioting.
   (SFC, 1/23/99, p.A10)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Jan 27, In Indonesia
legislators announced that independence for East Timor would be
considered. Also Chief Xanana Gusmao was to be released from prison
but kept in confinement.
   (SFC, 1/28/99, p.C3)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 3, In Indonesia police
fired on a crowd listening to separatist speeches in Aceh and 2
people were killed. The death toll from Christian-Muslim clashes on
Ambon was raised to 94.
   (WSJ, 2/4/99, p.A1)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 7, In Indonesia a
passenger ship sank between Borneo and Sumatra with 332 people
aboard. 19 were reported rescued.
   (SFC, 2/11/99, p.C2)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 14, In Indonesia
Megawati Sukarnoputri officially introduced the PDI Struggle Party
for her presidential bid in the Jun 7 elections. On Haruku and
Saparua Islands in Maluku province at least 20 people were killed in
rioting as troops dispersed gangs of Muslims and Christians.
   (SFC, 2/15/99, p.A10)(WSJ, 2/16/99, p.A1)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 23, Police fired on
warring Christians and Muslims on the island of Ambon and at least 5
people were killed and 12 wounded.
   (WSJ, 2/24/99, p.A1)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 1, In Indonesia 9
people were killed when police opened fire on a crowd outside a
mosque at Ambon.
   (SFC, 3/2/99, p.A9)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 5, Indonesia enacted
Law No. 5 Concerning the Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and
Unhealthy/Unfair Business Competition (popularly know as the
Competition Law or the Law), after the IMF required Indonesia to
pass laws that ensure fair competition. The Commission to Monitor
Business Competition (KPPU) was charged with enforcing the Law.
   (Econ, 4/9/11, p.76)(http://tinyurl.com/3b2rty9)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 10, Troops fired on
rioting Christians and Muslims on Ambon and at least 7 people were
killed.
   (WSJ, 3/11/99, p.A1)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 13, In Indonesia the
National Front Party of prime minister Mahathir Mohamad won
elections in oil-rich Sabah state with 25 of the 48 seats.
   (SFEC, 3/14/99, p.A8)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 15, In Indonesia the
government closed 38 banks, took over 7, and agreed to bail out 9 in
an attempt to revitalize the financial system.
   (WSJ, 3/15/99, p.A13)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Jun 7, Elections were
scheduled and the military, known as ABRI, were scheduled to have
their allotted seats in the 500-member parliament reduced by half to
38.
   (SFC, 3/15/99, p.A8)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 18, In Indonesia at
least 59 people were killed on Borneo as ethnic groups clashed for a
3rd day.
   (SFC, 3/19/99, p.A14)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 21, In Indonesia at
least 96 immigrant Madura were killed by ethnic Malay, Dayak and
Bugis men on the island of Borneo.
   (SFC, 3/22/99, p.A11)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 25, It was reported
that Abdurrahman Wahid (59), leader of the Nahdlatul Ulama, a
rural-based Islamic group with 30 million followers, was seeking to
become president. Wahid, also called Gus Dur (Respected Son), was
nearly blind.
   (WSJ, 3/25/99, p.A21)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Apr 2, In West Kalimantan
Malays and indigenous Dayaks killed over 200 people over the last 2
weeks. Nearly 30,000 Muslim people, originally from Madura, were
reported to have fled their villages.
   (WSJ, 4/2/99, p.A9)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Apr 5, Two people were
killed during clashes in Liquisa, East Timor. Jose Alexandre Gusmao,
under house arrest in Jakarta, called for guerrilla attacks against
Indonesian forces.
   (SFC, 4/6/99, p.A10)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Apr 5, In Maluku province,
Indonesia soldiers found some 20 burned bodies in the village of
Larat on Kai Besar Island.
   (SFC, 4/6/99, p.A10)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Apr 6, In East Timor
gunmen fired shots and lobbed grenades into a church where 1500
residents had taken refuge. Some 40 people were reported killed in
Liquisa and 5 people were shot to death at the home of a parish
priest. Military officials denied the massacre and a bishop later
said the number killed might be less than 40. At least 25 people
were killed by members of the Red and White Iron militia group.
   (SFC, 4/7/99, p.C12)(WSJ, 4/8/99, p.A1)(SFC,
4/9/99, p.D2)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Apr 6, In Indonesia troops
opened fire on Christian and Muslim gangs in the Spice Islands where
a week of rioting left 76 dead.
   (WSJ, 4/7/99, p.A1)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Apr 13, The World
Bank delayed $600 million in loans fearing misuse with the
approaching elections.
   (WSJ, 4/13/99, p.A1)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Apr 23, The foreign
ministers of Indonesia and Portugal completed an agreement for the
people of East Timor to vote on their future.
   (SFC, 4/24/99, p.A14)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Apr 25, Pro-Indonesian
militias were reported to have killed over 150 people in East Timor.
   (WSJ, 4/26/99, p.A1)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Apr 27, Pres. Habibie
announced plans for a ballot on independence on Aug 8.
Anti-independence militiamen rejected the plans.
   (SFC, 4/28/99, p.C2)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Apr, Indonesia formally
split the national police from the armed forces. The process was
completed in July 2000.
   (Econ, 11/6/10,
p.55)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesian_National_Police)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â May 3, In Indonesia
soldiers opened fire on villagers in Pulo Rungkom, Sumatra, and
killed at least 19 people. They were there to obtain the release of
a soldier abducted over the weekend. Over 30 people were killed and
thousands fled the town following the massacre.
   (SFC, 5/4/99, p.A14)(WSJ, 5/6/99, p.A1)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â May 3, In Indonesia the
cabinet approved an autonomy package for East Timor to be voted on
in August.
   (WSJ, 5/4/99, p.A1)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â May 5, Indonesia and
Portugal signed accords to enable the people of East Timor to vote
on independence Aug 8.
   (SFC, 5/6/99, p.A15)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â May 14, The ruling Golkar
Party chose Pres. Habibie as its candidate for presidential
elections. Polls showed his support at 7%.
   (SFC, 5/15/99, p.A10)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â May 18, In Indonesia 3
leading reformist parties agreed to unite against Pres. Habibie.
   (SFC, 5/18/99, p.C12)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â May 19, In Jakarta tens of
thousands marched to launch the campaign of 48 parties for a new
parliament. The march was dominated by the Indonesian Democratic
Party of Megawati Suskarnoputri.
   (SFC, 5/20/99, p.A12)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â May 21, In Indonesia
students in Jakarta clashed with police during protests that former
Pres. Suharto be prosecuted on the one year anniversary of Suharto's
resignation.
   (SFC, 5/22/99, p.A12)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â May 23, In Indonesia
thousands rallied in the streets of Jakarta in support of Megawati
Sukarnoputri.
   (SFC, 5/24/99, p.A14)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Jun 7, Elections for a new
Indonesia parliament, which would select a new president, were
scheduled. 462 members of the 700 seat assembly were to be elected.
With 14.3% of the votes counted The Democratic Party for Struggle
led Golkar 35.2% to 20.9. The opposition led by Megawati
Sukarnoputri won most of the seats but failed to get a majority.
   (SFEC, 5/30/99, p.A19)(SFC, 6/11/99, p.D2)(WSJ,
9/17/04, p.A8)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Jun 11, Amien Rais,
candidate for the National Mandate Party, conceded defeat and met
for talks with Pres. Habibie.
   (SFC, 6/12/99, p.C1)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Jul 1, On Flores Island
Mount Lewotobi erupted and at least 20 people suffered minor
injuries.
   (SFC, 7/10/99, p.A9)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Jul 15, In Indonesia final
election results showed Megawati's PDI-P party winning 34% of 122
million votes with Golgar at 22%.
   (SFC, 7/16/99, p.A10)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Jul 24, In Indonesia
troops killed as many as 41 people during a raid on a rebel base in
Beutong village in Aceh province. Separatist leader Teungku
Bantaqiah was among the dead. A Jakarta inquiry in Oct. found that
troops killed 54 civilians, not rebels, in Aceh. 56 students and a
teacher from an Islamic boarding school in Beutong Ateuh village
were executed. In 2000 24 soldiers and a civilian were convicted for
the June murders.
   (SFC, 7/27/99, p.A10)(WSJ, 11/1/99, p.A1)(SFC,
5/18/00, p.A14)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Jul 27, Renewed fighting
in Ambon and Aceh left 17 people dead.
   (WSJ, 7/28/99, p.A1)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 3, In Indonesia Pres.
Habibie validated the June 7 election results.
   (WSJ, 8/4/99, p.A1)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 7, In Indonesia a
tugboat and oil tanker collided under thick haze and the tanker
ignited killing 10 people.
   (SFC, 8/10/99, p.A10)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 10, Religious fighting
killed 18 people in Ambon.
   (WSJ, 8/11/99, p.A1)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 11, Police and
soldiers shot at battling mobs of Muslims and Christians. The death
toll for the last 3 days of fighting in Malaku province climbed to
23.
   (SFC, 8/12/99, p.D3)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 12, Violence in Maluku
province left 14 people dead and raised the death toll since Aug 8
to 53.
   (SFC, 8/13/99, p.D2)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 18, Ramos Horta of
Indonesia, 1996 Nobel Prize winner, warned the government that
computer hackers would wreak electronic mayhem on the country if
voting in the East Timor referendum is hampered.
   (SFC, 8/19/99, p.D10)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 19, The government
launched an inquiry over $80 million in government funds funneled by
Bank Bali directors to PT Era Giat Prima, a finance and
debt-collection company controlled by a senior official of the
Golkar Party.
   (SFC, 8/20/99, p.D3)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 26, In East Timor
anti-independence militiamen left 6 people dead in Dili.
   (SFC, 8/27/99, p.A1)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 28, It was reported
that the Indonesian army had lost over 10,000 soldiers in East Timor
over 24 years of sporadic warfare.
   (SFEC, 8/29/99, p.A19)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 2, In East Timor
pro-Indonesia militiamen killed 2 UN workers as the Indonesian
government dispatched 500 riot police to maintain peace.
   (SFC, 9/3/99, p.A8)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 3, The East Timor
election results were reported with 78.5% in favor of independence.
   (SFC, 9/4/99, p.A1)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 5, In East Timor
anti-independence militias went on a rampage and 100 people were
reported slaughtered in a church and hundreds of other beheaded as
tens of thousands tried to flee. 18 suspects were indicted for the
slaughter in 2001. In Indonesia 7 senior officials were charged in
2002 including former East Timor Gov. Abilio Soares.
   (SFC, 9/6/99, p.A1)(SFC, 2/22/02, p.A14)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 6, In East Timor
martial law was declared by Indonesia as militias began executing
independence leaders. A UN peace-keeping force was being formed to
cope with the violence. A mass slaying of up to 200 civilians took
place in Suai. 3 Roman Catholic priests were among the dead. In 2004
Martenus Bere, Indonesian former militia leader, was indicted for
his role in the Suai Church massacre.
   (SFC, 9/7/99, p.A1)(SFC, 11/27/99, p.A14)(AFP,
9/7/09)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 7, The US threatened
the withdrawal of financial aid to Indonesia if violence in East
Timor was not curtailed.
   (SFC, 9/8/99, p.A1)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 9, Pres. Clinton moved
to cut military ties with Indonesia and the IMF suspended its
lending program due to the violence in East Timor.
   (SFC, 9/10/99, p.A1)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 11, Pres. Clinton
backed by the UN General Assembly demanded that Indonesia invite an
int'l. force to restore order in East Timor.
   (SFEC, 9/12/99, p.A1)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 12, In Indonesia Pres.
Habibie said he will allow armed foreign peacekeepers into East
Timor. Reports had reached Jakarta that troops had attacked 30,000
people in the seminary town of Dare.
   (SFC, 9/13/99, p.A1,10)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 13, Indonesia agreed
to an int'l. commission to investigate possible atrocities in East
Timor and to create no obstacles to the deployment of a foreign
peacekeeping force.
   (SFC, 9/14/99, p.A1)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 14, In East Timor
Indonesian soldiers looted the abandoned UN compound in Dili.
   (SFC, 9/15/99, p.A14)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 15, The UN authorized
an int'l. peacekeeping force in East Timor.
   (SFC, 9/15/99, p.A15)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 18, Indonesian troops
prepared to leave East Timor as a multinational force steamed in.
   (SFEC, 9/19/99, p.A17)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 24, In Indonesia the
government suspended a new law that gave the armed forces expanded
emergency powers following serious protests and 2 days of rioting in
Jakarta. The Parliament recommended that a number of officials tied
to the Golkar Party be yanked from office over the disappearance of
some $70 billion from Bank Bali.
   (SFC, 9/25/99, p.A12)(SFC, 9/28/99, p.A16)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 25, In Indonesia
student riots extended to Medan, on the island of Sumatra, after 6
people were killed in Jakarta.
   (SFEC, 9/26/99, p.A12)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct 1, The new national
Assembly met for the first time in the post-Suharto period. The
assembly elected Amien Rais as speaker and chose Oct 20 as the date
to select the next president.
   (WSJ, 10/1/99, p.A1)(WSJ, 10/4/99, p.A1)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct 6, Two Islamic reform
parties named Abdurrahman Wahid as their candidate for the Oct. 20
election.
   (WSJ, 10/7/99, p.A1)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct 11, In Indonesia the
acting attorney general announced that he was halting a yearlong
investigation into alleged corruption by former Pres. Suharto due to
insufficient evidence for prosecution.
   (SFC, 10/12/99, p.A10)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct 13, In Indonesia the
military chief, Gen'l. Wiranto, was picked by Golkar as the running
mate to Pres. Habibie.
   (WSJ, 10/14/99, p.A1)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct 14, In Indonesia Pres.
Habibie gave a speech lauding his accomplishments as security forces
fought back demonstrators.
   (SFC, 10/15/99, p.A14)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct 15, Thousands of
anti-Habibie demonstrators fought police and pressured the official
assembly to go forward with reforms.
   (SFC, 10/16/99, p.A14)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct 18, Gen. Wiranto
turned down Pres. Habibie's offer for the vice-presidency.
   (WSJ, 10/19/99, p.A1)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct 19, The People's
Consultative Assembly relinquished the national claim to East Timor.
   (SFC, 10/20/99, p.A1)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct 20, Pres. Habibie
withdrew his bid for re-election. The People's Consultative Assembly
voted Abdurrahhman Wahid as the new president. Followers of Megawati
Sukarnoputri immediately rioted.
   (SFC, 10/20/99, p.A1)(SFC, 10/21/99, p.A1)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct 21, The People's
Consultative Assembly voted 396 to 284 for Megawati Sukarnoputri as
vice president over Hamzah Haz. The vote came after Gen. Wiranto
dropped his candidacy.
   (SFC, 10/22/99, p.A16)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct 26, Pres. Wahid named
Juwono Sudarsono as the country's first civilian defense minister
and replaced Gen. Wiranto with Adm. Widodo Adisutjipto as the
military chief. Wahid also abolished the Ministry of Information.
   (SFC, 10/27/99, p.A12)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct 27, Marzuki Darusman,
the new attorney general, announced a new corruption inquiry into
former Pres. Suharto.
   (SFC, 10/28/99, p.D14)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct 31, In East Timor the
last 900 Indonesian soldiers departed.
   (SFEC, 10/31/99, p.A1)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov 2, Some 10,000 people
in Aceh province took to the streets in Meulaboh calling for
independence.
   (SFC, 11/3/99, p.C5)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov 4, Over 50,000 people
demonstrated for independence in Aceh province. The population in
Aceh numbered 4.3 million.
   (SFC, 11/5/99, p.A16)
1999 Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov 7, In Aceh,
Indonesia, 500,000 people marched for independence.
   (SFC, 11/8/99, p.A14)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov 24, Security forces
deployed hundreds of reinforcements to Aceh province where 6 people
were killed over the past week.
   (SFC, 11/25/99, p.A16)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov, Abdullah Sungkar,
co-founder of the al Mukmin Islamic boarding school in Ngruki, Java,
died. He had allegedly founded and led the Jemaah Islamiyah
terrorist network.  Â
   (WSJ, 9/2/03, p.A1)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 2-4, In Indonesia
3-days of violence in the Maluku Islands (Moluccas) left 31 people
dead. Violence that began a year ago had left 700 dead.
   (SFC, 12/6/99, p.A14)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 4, Soldiers shot and
wounded at least 12 protestors in Aceh province on the 23rd
anniversary of an independence movement. In Irian Jaya province an
estimated 20,000 people protested for independence in Nabire, 400
miles west of the capital Jayapura.
   (SFEC, 12/5/99, p.A26)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 19, In Maluku province
a least 5 people were killed in a clash between Christians and
Muslims in Ambon. In Aceh province at least 3 paramilitary police
were killed by separatist guerrillas.
   (SFC, 12/21/99, p.C8)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 26, In Indonesia
Frenchman Michael Blanc was arrested with 3.8 kg (8.4 pounds) of
hash hidden in diving canisters. Blanc maintained his innocence,
insisting that he was given the diving canisters to transport by a
friend. In 2000 he was convicted and sentenced to life in prison. On
Jan 20, 2014 he was freed on parole.
   (AP, 1/20/14)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 29, In Indonesia 3
days of strife between Christians and Muslims on Halmahera Island in
North Maluka province left some 250 people dead.
   (SFC, 12/30/99, p.A20)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 30, Strife between
Christians and Muslims left some 74 people killed after 4 days of
violence.
   (SFC, 12/31/99, p.D6)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 31, Thousands of
residents fled clashes between the Christians and Muslims in the
Spice Islands. 350 people had died in 5 days of violence. 5 people
were killed at Makariki on Seram Island and security forces imposed
a curfew.
   (SFC, 1/1/00, p.D4)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Yosepha Alomang founded
the Foundation for Human Rights Anti-Violence (Hamak) in Irian Jaya,
Indonesia.
   (SSFC, 9/9/01, p.A14)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â The militant Islamic group
Laskar Jihad was founded on Java, Indonesia.
   (WSJ, 12/7/01, p.A16)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Indonesia’s President BJ
Habibi adopted Law No. 45/1999 to divide the Papua province into
three: West Irian Jaya, Central Irian Jaya and Irian Jaya.
   (www.achrweb.org/Review/2004/41-04.htm)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â The militant Islamic group
Laskar Jihad was founded on Java, Indonesia.
   (WSJ, 12/7/01, p.A16)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â Indonesia passed a law
that prohibited censorship of the press.
   (SFC, 5/21/02, p.A11)
1999Â Â Â Â Â Â A planned sale of US jets
to Indonesia was suspended when it became clear that the Suharto
regime was repressing the East Timorese.
   (Econ, 9/12/09, p.61)
1999-2008Â Â Â Indonesia cut its public debt during
this period from about 80% of GDP to just over 30%.
   (Econ, 9/12/09, SR p.9)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Jan 3, In Indonesia new
fighting in the Spice Islands left at least 18 people dead.
   (SFC, 1/4/00, p.A12)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Jan 4, In Indonesia at
least 17 people were killed when troops opened fire on Christian and
Muslim mobs on Seram Island in Maluku province.
   (SFC, 1/5/00, p.A6)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Jan 4, In Indonesia at
least 17 people were killed when troops opened fire on Christian and
Muslim mobs on Seram Island in Maluku province. Thousands of people
fled violence and poured into Ternate, the capital of North Maluku.
Refugees claimed that hundreds of people died in fighting over 2
days.
   (SFC, 1/5/00, p.A6)(SFC, 1/7/00, p.D3)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Jan 15, It was reported
that the worst grasshopper invasion since 1968 had devastated vast
areas of cropland in West Kalimantan province.
   (SFC, 1/15/00, p.A18)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Jan 17, In Indonesia angry
Muslims burned as many as a dozen churches at Mataram and Ampenan on
Lombok Island.
   (SFC, 1/18/00, p.A12)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Jan 18, In Indonesia
Muslim mobs attacked the Christian minority for a 2nd day in Lombok.
   (SFC, 1/19/00, p.A13)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Jan 20, Madeleine Albright
told visiting Indonesian Foreign Minister, Alwi Shihab, that the US
would increase aid from $75 million to $125 million.
   (SFC, 1/21/00, p.D3)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Jan 31, In Indonesia a
government commission issued a report that accused the military and
militia surrogates of mass killing, torture, deportation and rape in
East Timor.
   (SFC, 2/1/00, p.A10)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Jan, The pro-Indonesian
Red and White Task Force appeared in Irian Jaya (West Papua) and
joined police and soldiers in an operation against pro-independence
that left 18 people wounded in the Fak Fak district.
   (SFC, 7/7/00, p.A12)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 7, In Indonesia 7
people were killed in Aceh province in clashed between rebels and
security forces.
   (SFC, 2/9/00, p.C3)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 9, In Indonesia
clashes between troops and rebels in Aceh province left 15 people
dead.
   (SFC, 2/11/00, p.D2)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 10, In Indonesia
former Pres. Suharto was declared an official suspect of corruption.
   (WSJ, 2/11/00, p.A1)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 13, In Indonesia Pres.
Wahid met with security minister Gen. Wiranto and agreed to a legal
investigation over Wiranto's role in East Timor bloodshed. Wahid
then changed his mind and decided to suspend Wiranto.
   (SFC, 2/14/00, p.A12)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 28, In Indonesia Henry
Kissinger agreed to work as a political advisor to Pres. Abdurrahman
Wahid.
   (SFC, 2/29/00, p.A10)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 8, Singapore
complained to Indonesia about out of control fires on Sumatra and
Borneo.
   (WSJ, 3/9/00, p.A1)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 9, In Indonesia 2 days
of fighting left at least 30 people dead as Christian and Muslim
gangs clashed on Halmahera Island.
   (SFC, 3/11/00, p.A9)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 28, Mohamad Hasan
(69), an Indonesian timber tycoon associated with former Pres.
Suharto, was arrested for fraud. He had directed the state
sanctioned plywood monopoly and controlled a forest mapping company.
Hasan received a 6-year sentence and was jailed at Batu prison where
he soon organized the inmate obsidian polishing operations.
   (WSJ, 3/29/00, p.A19)(WSJ, 8/13/03, p.A1)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â May 2, In Indonesia it was
reported that a tribal conflict between the Wampe and Bilaga on West
Papua, formerly Irian Jaya, had left over 100 people dead in the
last year.
   (SFC, 5/2/00, p.A10)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â May 4, In Indonesia the
government announced an agreement for a cease-fire with separatists
in Aceh province.
   (SFC, 5/5/00, p.A18)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â May 4, In Indonesia a 6.5
earthquake was centered in the Maluku Sea off Pelang Island and at
least 17 people were killed.
   (SFC, 5/5/00, p.A18)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â May 12, The Indonesian
government and separatist rebels negotiated a cease-fire in
Switzerland, the 1st in 25 years of fighting. The 3 month cease-fire
was set to begin Jun 2.
   (SFC, 5/13/00, p.A8)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â May 29, Former pres.
Suharto was put under house arrest pending a trial for corruption
and abuse of power. In North Moluku at least 44 people were killed
in an armed raid on a mostly Christian village on Halmahera Island.
The attackers were believed to be members of the Lasker Jihad from a
neighboring island.
   (SFC, 5/30/00, p.A12)(SFC, 5/31/00, p.A11)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â May 31, A top aid to Pres.
Wahid resigned over a scandal that involved $4.1 million missing
from a government fund.
   (WSJ, 6/1/00, p.A1)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â May, Christian forces
executed dozens of Muslims, who had surrendered on Sulawesi Island.
   (SFC, 12/14/01, p.E1)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Jun 4, In Indonesia a 7.3
earthquake hit Sumatra and at least 58 people were killed. The toll
climbed to 103 with relentless aftershocks.
   (SFC, 6/5/00, p.A8)(SFC, 6/6/00, p.A13)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Jun 4, In West Papua
separatists made a declaration of independence. Thaha Alhamid read
the declaration before thousands gathered in Jayapura. 500 West
Papuans had gathered for a “congress” that resulted in the
declaration.
   (SFC, 6/5/00, p.A8)(SFC, 7/7/00, p.A12)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Jun 12, At least 8 people
were killed in Muslim-Christian fighting in Maluku.
   (SFC, 6/13/00, p.A11)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Jun 19, Sectarian fighting
killed as many as 161 people in the Maluku Islands, also known as
the Moluccas or Spice Islands. Thousands of Muslims attacked
Christians in the village of Duma.
   (WSJ, 6/20/00, p.A1)(SFC, 6/21/00, p.A13)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Jun 21, Bank Indonesia
Gov. Sjahril Sabirin was detained after he refused the president’s
demands to step down. He was suspect in the 1999 “Baligate” scandal
that involved an $80 million transfer from the insolvent Bali Bank
to a company controlled by a senior official of the Golkar Party.
   (SFC, 6/22/00, p.A13)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Jun 23, Street battles in
the Maluku Islands between Christians and Muslims left at least 18
people dead.
   (SFC, 6/24/00, p.A13)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Jun 26, In Indonesia Pres.
Wahid declared a state of emergency in the eastern Maluku Islands.
Over the last 6 days 60 people were reported killed in Ambon.
   (SFC, 6/27/00, p.A14)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Jun 29, In Indonesia the
ferry Cahaya Bahari was feared to have sunk with 492 passengers
killing all but ten known survivors. The ship left Tobelo on
Halmahera in North Maluku and was bound for Manado in North Sulawesi
with many fleeing sectarian violence.
   (SFC, 6/30/00, p.A16)(AP, 6/29/01)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Jul 2, Ten people were
rescued from water close to Karakelong Island after 4 days at sea
following the sinking of the Cahaya Bahari.
   (SFC, 7/3/00, p.A14)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Jul 4, Ten people were
killed over 2 days of clashes between Christians and Muslims in the
Malukus.
   (SFC, 7/5/00, p.A10)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Jul 16, A 2nd day of
fighting left 20 people dead after Indonesian troops joined Muslim
militants against Christian gangs in the Maluku Islands.
   (SFC, 7/17/00, p.A12)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Jul 26, The attorney
general filed corruption charges against former Pres. Suharto.
   (SFC, 7/27/00, p.A16)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Jul 27, Two Indonesian
vulcanologists were killed when Mount Semeru erupted without
warning.
   (SFC, 8/5/00, p.A22)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 1, In Jakarta a car
bomb exploded outside the house of the Philippine ambassador. Two
people were killed and 22 wounded including Ambassador Leonides
Caday.
   (SFC, 8/2/00, p.A12)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 3, Prosecutors charged
former Pres. Suharto with corruption for allegedly skimming $750
million in public funds from charities under his control.
   (SFC, 8/4/00, p.D3)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 9, Pres. Wahid
announced that he would hand over daily government operations to
Vice Pres. Megawati Sukarno.
   (SFC, 8/10/00, p.A10)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 18, The 700-member
People’s Consultative Assembly passed a decree that allowed the
security forces to keep 38 seats in the legislature until 2009 and
banned retroactive prosecution of human rights cases.
   (SFC, 8/19/00, p.A8)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 22, In West Timor
pro-Indonesia militiamen severely beat 3 UN relief workers. UN
relief work in West Timor was suspended the next day.
   (SFC, 8/24/00, p.A13)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 23, Former Pres.
Suharto was ordered to stand trial on corruption charges Aug 31.
   (SFC, 8/24/00, p.A13)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 23, A boat from
Indonesia capsized in the Strait of Malucca and Malaysian
authorities rescued 7 of 100 passengers.
   (SFC, 8/26/00, p.A9)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 28, The parliament
agreed to begin a formal investigation into 2 financial scandals
involving Pres. Wahid.
   (SFC, 8/29/00, p.A8)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 31, Suharto claimed
illness and failed to show up for the 1st day of his corruption
trial.
   (SFC, 9/1/00, p.A18)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 1, Prosecutors in
Jakarta named 19 people, including 3 generals as possible suspects
in the killings and destruction in East Timor in Sept. 1999.
   (SFC, 9/2/00, p.A12)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 6, It was reported
that the body of Jafar Siddiq Hamzah (35), a human rights activist,
was found near Medah. He had disappeared Aug 5.
   (SFC, 9/6/00, p.A11)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 6, In West Timor
thousands of armed militia rampaged through a UN office in Atambua
and killed at least 3 UN workers and burned their bodies. UN relief
workers were flown out the next day and 90,000 refugees faced
shortages of food and medicine. The militia attack followed the
death of Olivio Mendosa Moruk, an East Timorese militia leader. In
2001 Julius Naisama was sentenced to 20 months in jail for his part
in the attack. 5 others received sentences of 10-16 months.
   (SFC, 9/7/0, p.A1)(SFC, 9/8/00, p.A12)(SFC,
9/13/00, p.A14)(SFC, 5/5/01, p.D2)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 7, In West Timor 20
people were reported killed in the village of Betun in another
rampage by militiamen.
   (SFC, 9/9/00, p.A1)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 13, A car bomb
exploded in the garage of the Jakarta stock exchange and at least 15
people were killed.
   (SFC, 9/14/00, p.C2)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 15, Pres. Wahid called
for the arrest of Hutomo Mandala Putra, aka Tommy Suharto, in
connection with the recent terrorist bombing. Putra met with police
on his own accord.
   (SFC, 9/16/00, p.A10)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 18, Gen. Rusdihardjo,
the national police chief, was fired by Pres. Wahid for not
arresting Tommy Suharto.
   (SFC, 9/19/00, p.A9)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 20, Pres. Wahid fired
Gen. Fachrul Razi, the deputy commander of the armed forces, due to
the slow pace of reform in West Timor. Some 120,000 refugees in West
Timor faced hunger due to the withdrawal of aid groups
   (SFC, 9/21/00, p.C3)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 22, Pres. Wahid
installed a new national police chief and ordered security forces to
take quick action to recent bombing attacks.
   (SFEC, 9/24/00, p.A6)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 23, Police arrested 25
people in connection with the recent bombings in Jakarta.
   (SFEC, 9/24/00, p.A6)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 28, A court dismissed
the corruption case against former Pres. Suharto (79) after doctors
concluded he was too ill to stand trial.
   (SFC, 9/29/00, p.A1)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct 3, Hutomo Mandala
Putra, aka Tommy Suharto, admitted that he was guilty of corruption
and asked for clemency.
   (SFC, 10/4/00, p.A10)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct 4, Pres. Wahid denied
clemency to Tommy Suharto and ordered the arrest of a Timorese
militia chief.
   (SFC, 10/5/00, p.A12)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct 6, In Irian Jaya 7
people were killed and 38 injured following a clash after police and
soldiers lowered the separatist Free Papua Movement’s “Morning Star”
flag in Wamena town.
   (SFC, 10/7/00, p.A12)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct 14, In Indonesia
police arrested Alip Agung Suwondo, Pres. Wassid’s masseur, on
suspicion of trying to steal $4 million in state funds.
   (SFC, 10/16/00, p.F8)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct 30, At least 43 people
died in landslides on Java due to heavy rains.
   (SFC, 10/31/00, p.A14)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov 3, Hutomo Mandala
Putra (Tommy Suharto) went missing after prosecutors issued a
warrant for his arrest.
   (SFC, 11/4/00, p.A14)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov 10, Hundreds of
thousands of people began converging on Banda Aceh, the capital of
Aceh province, for demonstrations on independence.
   (SFC, 11/11/00, p.A14)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov 11, At least 27 people
were killed when police cracked down on tens of thousands of
protestors in Aceh.
   (WSJ, 11/13/00, p.A1)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov 14, Some 50,000
rallied for independence in Aceh.
   (SFC, 11/15/00, p.B2)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov 24, It was reported
that monsoon flooding killed 10 people in Malaysia and at least 5
people in Thailand. The death toll from flooding in Thailand reached
over 30, mostly children. Over 100 people died from the flooding and
mudslides in West Sumatra.
   (SFC, 11/24/00, p.D8)(WSJ, 11/27/00, p.A1)(SFC,
11/29/00, p.C20)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov 30, Pres. Wahid
ordered military action against secessionist provinces.
   (SFC, 12/1/00, p.A20)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 1, Police killed 6
separatists in Irian Jaya province after they tried to raise their
outlawed rebel flag, the “Morning Star.”
   (SFC, 12/2/00, p.A14)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 7, In Indonesia a
separatist mob attacked a police station in Jayapura, Irian Jaya,
and 2 officers were killed.
   (SFC, 12/8/00, p.D9)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 12, It was reported
that Islamic militants in Indonesia had damaged hundreds of night
spots, mostly around greater Jakarta. The Islamic Defender’s Front
(FPI) and Front Hizbullah claimed responsibility.
   (SFC, 12/12/00, p.A18)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 19, Pres. Wahid
traveled to Aceh province. He ordered troops to stop targeting
civilians and apologized for failing to stop military abuses.
   (SFC, 12/20/00, p.C4)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 20, Nine people were
killed in a rash of shootings in Aceh province.
   (SFC, 12/21/00, p.C6)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 21, Indonesia
announced plans for talks with local leaders in Aceh, Irian Jaya and
Maluku provinces.
   (SFC, 12/22/00, p.A21)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 24, At least 19 people
were killed when bombs exploded outside 24 churches in Jakarta and 5
other cities and towns. In Aug 2001 Edi Sugiarto was sentenced to 11
years in jail for planting the bombs that killed at least 19 people.
   (SFC, 12/25/00, p.A1)(SFC, 8/15/01, p.A7)(SSFC,
3/3/02, p.A16)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec, A $5 billion IMF loan
program was halted due to stalled reforms.
   (WSJ, 8/28/01, p.A1)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Indonesia enacted laws to
empower the nations 31 provinces and 364 local districts for
services such as education, health, water and electricity. A
decentralization policy allowed regional governments to maximize
their operating revenue. A 2006 World Bank report said the 2000
decentralization policy caused an explosion in new taxes and charges
and hampered economic growth.
   (SFC, 1/2/01, p.A8)(SFC, 1/3/01, p.A10)(WSJ,
6/29/06, p.A6)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â Â On Java at least 100
people were lynched this year for being witches.
   (SFC, 4/18/01, p.A14)
2000Â Â Â Â Â Â A record 469 piracies were
reported worldwide in this year with 72 ship crew members killed.
More than a third occurred in or around Indonesian waters.
   (SSFC, 11/11/01, p.F2)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Jan 2, Ryaas Rasyid, the
Administrative Reform Minister, resigned and said the government was
moving too slowly to decentralize administrative policies.
   (SFC, 1/3/01, p.A10)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Jan 4, Rival villages
clashed on Lombok and 9 people were killed. 7 others were killed in
fighting between rival villages in North Sulawesi.
   (SFC, 1/5/01, p.D2)(WSJ, 1/05/01, p.A1)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Jan 10, Indonesia extended
a truce in Aceh province after separatists agreed at talks in
Switzerland to halt fighting for a month.
   (WSJ, 1/11/01, p.A1)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Jan 10, Searchers found a
crashed navy plane in the dense jungle of Irian Jaya and confirmed
the death of ten people.
   (SFC, 1/10/01, p.A9)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Jan 11, James Riady agreed
to pay an $8.6 million US fine and pleaded guilty for arranging
$500,000 in illegal donations to Pres. Clinton and others.
   (WSJ, 1/12/01, p.A1)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Jan 15, The cease-fire in
Aceh province was due to expire.
   (SFC, 12/18/00, p.E8)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Jan 17, In Indonesia
separatist rebels took 6 hostages in Irian Jaya. The kidnappers
belonged to a faction of the Free Papua Movement led by Willem
Konde.
   (SFC, 1/18/01, p.A16)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Jan 20, Mudslides in North
Sulawesi province killed at least 33 people.
   (SFC, 1/23/01, p.C14)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Jan 29, In Indonesia some
10,000 protesters marched in Jakarta over corruption scandals that
allegedly involved Pres. Wahid.
   (SFC, 1/30/01, p.A10)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 1, In Indonesia the
parliament agreed to censure Pres. Abdurrahman Wahid for alleged
involvement in 2 corruption scandals.
   (SFC, 2/2/01, p.A1)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 5, Supporters of Pres.
Wahid demonstrated in East Java, home of the Nahdlatul Ulama,
Indonesia’s largest Muslim organization. Some 10,000 set fires to
branch offices of the Golkar Party in Situbondo and another 10,000
marched in Surabaya.
   (SFC, 2/6/01, p.A9)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 7, Some 50,000 Wahid
backers gathered in Surabaya and threatened a holy war if the
president is ousted by political opponents. Separately the justice
minister resigned and urged Wahid to step down.
   (WSJ, 2/8/01, p.A1)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 12, It was reported
that landslides and floods in West Java had killed 94 people over
the last week.
   (WSJ, 2/12/01, p.A1)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 18, In Aceh gunmen
shot journalist Oz Rusli Radja and human rights worker Khairuddin to
death.
   (SFC, 2/20/01, p.A10)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 18, Fresh clashes in
Borneo and separatist violence in Aceh erupted. Fighting between the
Dayaks and immigrants left over 100 people killed.
   (WSJ, 2/21/01, p.A1)(WSJ, 2/22/01, p.A1)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 22, Security forces
fought to disperse crowds in Sampit as ethnic clashes in Central
Kalimantan province of Borneo left over 100 dead.
   (SFC, 2/23/01, p.A16)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 23, Madurese refugees
fled Borneo as the death toll from clashes with the native Dayaks
approached 200.
   (SFC, 2/24/01, p.A1)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 24, Naval vessels
began evacuating some 24,000 refugees from the island of Medura,
where the death toll had risen to 210.
   (SSFC, 2/25/01, p.A14)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 25, In Borneo Dayaks
extended their area of burning and beheading of Madurese across
Central Kalimantan. 118 Madurese were slaughtered near Parenggean
when police bolted in fear of armed Dayaks.
   (SFC, 2/26/01, p.A10)(SFC, 2/28/01, p.A10)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 26, Dayak fighters
declared victory and end to fighting.
   (SFC, 2/27/01, p.A12)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 27, In Borneo
government soldiers and police clashed with each other. Refugees
claimed that security forces have demanded money in exchange for
permission to board ships.
   (SFC, 2/28/01, p.A10)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb, Baharuddin Lopa (65)
was appointed Minister of Justice and Human Rights.
   (SFC, 5/15/01, p.A9)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 2, Some 7,000 Madurese
refugees escaped from Borneo while some 13,000 still waited in camps
for boats. The killing appeared to have stopped.
   (SFC, 3/3/01, p.A12)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 8, Pres. Wahid visited
Borneo and fighting erupted right after his departure. At least 4
Dayak protesters were killed.
   (SFC, 3/9/01, p.D2)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 11, Anti-Wahid
students rallied in Jakarta. A plunging currency added to the unrest
on the streets.
   (WSJ, 3/12/01, p.A1)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 12, In Jakarta Pres.
Wahid insisted he would not step down and warned that his ouster
would lead to the disintegration of the country as over 10,000
demonstrated for his ouster. The main stock index fell 5% and the
rupiah fell 12%.
   (SFC, 3/13/01, p.A15)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 13, In Jakarta
supporters and opponents of Pres. Wahid staged protests as police
clashed with students who threw rocks and gasoline bombs.
   (SFC, 3/14/01, p.A9)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â cMar 16, Two major oil and
gas companies shut down operations in Aceh province due to the
political turmoil there.
   (SFC, 3/20/01, p.A10)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 23, Attacks by Dayaks
in Central Kalimantan left at least 12 people dead.
   (SFC, 3/24/01, p.A12)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 30, Two human rights
defenders and their driver were killed in Aceh province after
leaving the police station in Simpang Tiga Alue Pakuk.
   (SFC, 3/31/01, p.A14)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Apr 12, Pres. Wahid
abandoned attempts to negotiate with separatist rebels in Aceh and
ordered his troops to resume fighting.
   (SFC, 4/13/01, p.A15)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Apr 30, Legislators, 363
of 500, censured Pres. Wahid for a 2nd time this year.
   (SFC, 5/1/01, p.A8)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Apr, Yosepha Alomang
received a $125,000 Goldman prize for her human rights work in Irian
Jaya.
   (SSFC, 9/9/01, p.A14)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Apr, Javanese settlers in
Aceh began carrying guns. By late May thousands turned up with M-16
rifles and military uniforms.
   (SFC, 7/27/01, p.A16)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â May 10, In Jakarta 2
people died in the bombing of a student dormitory. The dorm housed
students from Aceh province.
   (SFC, 5/11/01, p.D4)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â May 14, It was reported
that bookstores in Indonesia had pulled leftist titles under
vigilante pressures.
   (SFC, 5/14/01, p.A10)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â May 27, Pres. Wahid
threatened to declare a state of emergency if impeachment
proceedings begin.
   (SFC, 5/28/01, p.B12)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â May 28, The attorney
general cleared Pres. Wahid of involvement in 2 corruption cases
that led to his censure.
   (SFC, 5/29/01, p.A10)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â May 30, In Indonesia the
parliament voted to begin impeachment proceedings against Pres.
Wahid. Lawmakers called on a special assembly to end his 19-month
tenure.
   (SFC, 5/31/01, p.A12)(WSJ, 5/31/01, p.A1)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â May, Some 17,000 army
troops replaced the Brimob paramilitary police unit in Aceh
province. GAM forces were estimated at 5-27 thousand.
   (SFC, 4/20/02, p.A8)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Jun 1, Pres. Wahid fired
the security minister, attorney general, national police chief and 2
other Cabinet ministers in an attempt to thwart efforts to remove
him from office.
   (SFC, 6/2/01, p.A8)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Jun 3, Over 100 police
generals rejected Pres. Wahid’s decision to fire police chief Suroyo
Bimantoro.
   (SFC, 6/4/01, p.A10)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Jun 5, Baharuddin Lopa
(65) was appointed attorney general and replaced Marzuki Darusman.
   (SSFC, 7/8/01, p.A20)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Jun 15, It was reported
that the Bush administration had decided to restore some military
ties with Indonesia. The Clinton administration had cut some ties
during the 1999 upheavals in East Timor.
   (SFC, 6/16/01, p.A6)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Jun 18, Police fired
warning shots at students in Jakarta protesting a 30% increase in
fuel prices.
   (WSJ, 6/19/01, p.A1)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Jun 19, It was reported
that Papuan intellectuals had come up with a “special autonomy” plan
Irian Jaya.
   (SFC, 6/19/01, p.A8)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Jun 29, Security forces
killed 20 separatist rebels during a gun battle in Aceh.
   (SFC, 6/30/01, p.A10)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Jul 2, In Indonesia
humanitarian workers found 27 slashed bodies in Aceh. This raised to
50 the number of dead found in the last 3 days.
   (SFC, 7/3/01, p.A10)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Jul 3, A Christian gang
killed 18 Muslims, including women and children, on the island of
Sulawesi.
   (SFC, 7/5/01, p.A10)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Jul 3, Baharuddin Lopa
(65), the newly appointed attorney general, died of a heart attack
while on a visit to Saudi Arabia.
   (SSFC, 7/8/01, p.A20)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Jul 12, Paramilitary
officers guarded 2 top police commanders in defiance of demands by
Pres. Wahid that they be arrested.
   (SFC, 7/13/01, p.A16)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Jul 21, An impeachment
session of the People’s Consultative Assembly convened early and
voted that Pres. Wahid defend himself with an accountability speech.
   (SFC, 7/22/01, p.A12)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Jul 23, In Indonesia Pres.
Wahid declared a state of emergency. The military refused to carry
out his orders and parliament met to remove him. The parliament
ousted Wahid with a 591 to 0 vote and swore in Megawati Sukarnoputri
as the country’s 5th president.
   (SFC, 7/23/01, p.A1)(DFP, 7/24/01, p.3A)(SFC,
7/24/01, p.A1)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Jul 24, Megawati
Sukarnoputri began her presidency while Wahid refused to leave the
presidential palace.
   (WSJ, 7/25/01, p.A1)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Jul 26, The legislature
elected Hamzah Haz as vice president. In Jakarta a high-court
justice was assassinated by gunmen on motorbikes.
   (WSJ, 7/27/01, p.A1)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Jul 26, Syafiuddin
Kartasasmita, a Supreme Court Justice, was shot to death by 4
assassins. Tommy Suharto was later implicated in the murder.
   (SFC, 8/7/01, p.A7)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Jul 28, UN troops killed
an Indonesian soldier, Lirman Hadimu (21) in West Timor near the
East Timor border.
   (SFC, 7/30/01, p.A8)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Jul 31, In Indonesia at
least 62 people were killed when a mudslide buried the village of
Sambulu. At least 35 people were killed and some 200 missing.
   (SFC, 8/1/01, p.A9)(AP, 7/31/02)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 1, At least 64 people
were killed on Nias island from floods and landslides. Another 200
were missing.
   (SFC, 8/2/01, p.A9)(WSJ, 8/2/01, p.A1)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 1, In Indonesia Taufik
Abdul Halim, a member of the Malaysian Mujahedeen Group, blew off
his lower right leg at a Jakarta shopping mall when a bomb he
carried exploded prematurely. Halim was linked to Dedi Setiono
(Abbas), who was linked to Hambali (Riduan Isamuddin), operations
leader of Jemaah Islamiah.
   (SSFC, 3/3/02, p.A16)(SFC, 9/20/02, p.A14)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 6, Two men, Rolan and
Noval, were arrested for the murder of justice Syafiuddin
Kartasasmita. They said Tommy Suharto paid them for the murder.
   (SFC, 8/8/01, p.A8)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 9, Pres. Sukarnoputri
named a new Cabinet stacked with specialists instead of politicians.
In Aceh province police and rebels accused each other of massacring
31 people.
   (SFC, 8/10/01, p.A16)(WSJ, 8/10/01, p.A1)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 16, Pres.
Sukarnoputri, in her 1st state of the nation speech, apologized for
atrocities in rebellious provinces, urged the military to reform
itself and ruled out independence for Aceh and Irian Jaya.
   (SFC, 8/17/01, p.A12)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 27, Pres. Megawati
reached an agreement with the IMF to restart a $5 billion loan that
was halted last Dec.
   (WSJ, 8/28/01, p.A1)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 6, Gunmen killed the
rector of the biggest university in Aceh province.
   (WSJ, 9/7/01, p.A1)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 8, Pres. Megawati
Sukarnoputri visited Banda Aceh and apologized for past government
mistakes. She urged residents to welcome new laws granting the
region its own legal system and a greater share of the oil income.
   (SSFC, 9/9/01, p.A14)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 19, Ayip Syafrudin,
leader of the Laskar Jihad (Holy War Warriors), said he would
declare a jihad against the US if it attacks Muslim countries.
   (SFC, 9/20/01, p.A7)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 27, In Jakarta,
protesters burned US flags outside the US Embassy and threatened to
kill Americans.
   (SFC, 9/28/01, p.A9)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct 1, Indonesia’s Supreme
Court threw out its corruption conviction of Hutomo Mandala Putra,
i.e. “Tommy Suharto.
   (SFC, 10/2/01, p.A10)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct 15, In Indonesia riot
police fought protesters outside the Parliament in what had become
daily battles over US bombing in Afghanistan.
   (WSJ, 10/16/01, p.A1)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct 19, A refugee ship,
enroute from Indonesia to Australia, carrying some 353 emigrants
from Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, Palestine and Algeria, sank off the
island of Java. 44 people survived.
   (SFC, 10/23/01, p.C1)(AP, 2/3/06)(Econ, 4/25/09,
p.49)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct 22, Indonesia enacted
a bill that granted Irian Jaya sweeping autonomy. It included a name
change to Papua, 80% royalties from logging and fishing and 70%
royalties from mining, oil and gas.
   (SFC, 10/24/01, p.C3)(SFC, 11/27/01, p.A3)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov 5, Nursanita Nasution
unleashed her army of unofficial morality police on 10 Indonesian
cities to root out a homemade skin flick.
   (WSJ, 1/8/02, p.A8)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov 11, In Indonesia Theys
Eluay (64), an independence movement leader in Irian Jaya, was found
strangled in his wrecked car and riots erupted. He had spent the
previous evening at dinner with local army commanders. In 2003 7
members of the Indonesia special forces were convicted for
involvement in the murder. Their maximum sentence was 31/2 years.
   (SFC, 11/12/01, p.A12)(SFC, 11/27/01, p.A3)(SFC,
4/22/03, A7)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov 27, Muslim holy
warriors began a 3 day offensive and seized 5 villages. At least 5
Christians were killed. Muslim militants drove away security
forces in central Sulawesi and there were at least 8 confirmed
deaths.
   (SFC, 12/8/01, p.A6)(SFC, 12/14/01, p.E1)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov 28, Detectives raided
a mansion in Jakarta and arrested Hutomo Mandala Putra (Tommy
Suharto) for plotting the murder of a Supreme Court Judge.
   (SFC, 11/29/01, p.A6)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 7, It was reported
that religious fighting in the Maluku Islands had left some 9,000
people dead in the last 3 years.
   (SFC, 12/8/01, p.A6)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 12, Lt. Gen. Abdullah
Hendropriyono, the intelligence chief, said that a network of al
Qaeda training camps were located on Sulawesi Island.
   (SFC, 12/13/01, p.A12)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec, In Indonesia Muslim
and Christian leaders signed a peace accord in the Sulawesi town of
Malino.
   (Econ, 9/11/04, p.40)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Fighting in Aceh,
Indonesia, this year killed 60 government soldiers, 94 GAM fighters
and some 1,006 civilians.
   (SFC, 4/20/02, p.A8)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Indonesia outlawed
commercial logging in Aceh.
   (SSFC, 8/6/06, p.A20)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Indonesia authorized Aceh
province to introduce sharia Islamic law as part of a “special
autonomy” aimed to end a long-running separatist war. In 2014 sharia
law was extended to cover everyone in Aceh.
   (Econ, 2/15/14, p.34)
2001Â Â Â Â Â Â Irian Jaya, the Indonesia
half of Papua New Guinea, was renamed Papua.
   (Econ, 6/30/12, p.46)
2002Â Â Â Â Â Â Jan 16, In Indonesia a
Boeing 737-300 with 60 people crash-landed on a river in Java. One
person was killed and 23 injured.
   (SFC, 1/17/02, p.A10)
2002Â Â Â Â Â Â Jan 22, In Indonesia
troops shot and killed Abdullah Syafei, commander of the Free Aceh
Movement.
   (SFC, 1/24/02, p.A8)
2002Â Â Â Â Â Â Jan 31, In Indonesia the
number of people killed during two days of widespread flooding grew
to at least 33. Flooding in Jakarta eventually killed about 60
people.
  Â
(http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/1791623.stm)(Econ, 3/17/12,
p.48)
2002Â Â Â Â Â Â Jan, Indonesia renamed
Irian Jaya to Papua and gave it greater autonomy.
   (SSFC, 9/1/02, p.A15)
2002Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 11, In Indonesia
warring Christians and Muslims from Maluku province began 2 days of
peace talks.
   (SFC, 2/12/02, p.A10)
2002Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 12, Christian and
Muslim factions from Maluku agreed to end their 3-year war, ban
militias and establish a joint security patrol.
   (SFC, 2/12/02, p.A16)
2002Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 13, In Indonesia
Sjahril Sabirin, governor of the central bank, was convicted of
corruption and sentenced to 3 years in prison. In 1999 some $80
million intended for the bailout of PT Bank Bali was used to help
finance the election campaign of then Pres. Habibie.
   (WSJ, 3/14/02, p.A10)
2002Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 14, In Jakarta the
human-rights trial to probe the 1999 violence in East Timor began
with 3 generals among the 18 suspects accused of crimes against
humanity.
   (SFC, 3/14/02, p.A8)
2002Â Â Â Â Â Â Apr 3, In Ambon a car bomb
killed 4 people and wounded 43.
   (SFC, 4/4/02, p.A8)
2002Â Â Â Â Â Â Apr 28, In Indonesia a mob
stabbed and burned to death 14 Christians in the village of Soya on
the outskirts of Ambon. The Muslim militia Laskar Jihad was blamed.
   (SSFC, 4/28/02, p.A19)(SFC, 4/29/02, p.A5)
2002Â Â Â Â Â Â May 5, Jaffar Umar Thalib,
leader of the paramilitary Laskar Jihad, was arrested on charges of
inciting Muslims to attack Christians near Ambon in the Maluku
Islands.
   (SFC, 5/7/02, p.A10)(WSJ, 5/7/02, p.A1)
2002Â Â Â Â Â Â Jun 9, A bomb exploded in
front of a discotheque in Jakarta's Chinatown area in the early
hours, wounding five people, one of them seriously, police said.
   (Reuters, 6/9/02)
2002Â Â Â Â Â Â Jun 13, In Indonesia
suspected rebels shot and killed a politician in troubled Aceh
province, the second parliamentarian murdered this week.
   (Reuters, 6/14/02)
2002Â Â Â Â Â Â Jun 17, Suspected Muslim
guerrillas have seized four Indonesian seamen, including the
captain, of a Singaporean-owned tugboat in the southern Philippines.
   (Reuters, 6/18/02)
2002Â Â Â Â Â Â Jun 23, In Indonesia tens
of thousands lined the streets of Jakarta to mark the 475th birthday
of one of Asia's most crowded capitals with parades and dancing.
   (Reuters, 6/23/02)
2002Â Â Â Â Â Â Jul 1, Indonesian police
fired water cannon at about 500 demonstrators who knocked down the
gates of parliament to protest against a decision by MPs to reject
an inquiry into a graft scandal.
   (Reuters, 7/1/02)
2002Â Â Â Â Â Â Jul 2, East Timor
President Xanana Gusmao and his Indonesian counterpart Megawati
Sukarnoputri opened a new chapter in ties between the world's newest
nation and its former foe, establishing formal diplomatic links and
pledging to work together.
   (Reuters, 7/2/02)
2002Â Â Â Â Â Â Jul 6, Rebels in
Indonesia's troubled Aceh province freed all 18 hostages held since
last month, including crew from a boat carrying supplies to an Exxon
Mobil plant.
   (Reuters, 7/6/02)
2002Â Â Â Â Â Â Jul 7, In Indonesia 53
people burned alive or jumped to their deaths when fire ripped
through a crowded Palembang karaoke bar on Sumatra island but the
final death toll could be double that.
   (AP, 7/8/02)(Reuters, 7/9/02)(WSJ, 7/9/02, p.A1)
2002Â Â Â Â Â Â Jul 12, In Indonesia a
woman was killed and four men were wounded when a bomb exploded near
Poso, Central Sulawesi.
   (Reuters, 7/13/02)
2002Â Â Â Â Â Â Jul 24, Indonesian
prosecutors demanded that parliament speaker Akbar Tandjung be
jailed for four years over the alleged misuse of $4 million in a
politically sensitive graft scandal.
   (Reuters, 7/24/02)
2002Â Â Â Â Â Â Jul 26, An Indonesian
court sentenced former President Suharto's son Tommy to a total of
15 years in jail for paying a hitman to kill a Supreme Court judge
and other offences.
   (Reuters, 7/26/02)
2002Â Â Â Â Â Â Jul 26, In Indonesia
bomb-like explosions hit the troubled city of Ambon, injuring 51
people, 10 of them seriously.
   (Reuters, 7/27/02)
2002Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 3, In Indonesia some
5,000 Muslims marched peacefully through Jakarta, calling for the
nationwide imposition of sharia, or Islamic law, to rescue the
country from its many ills.
   (AP, 8/3/02)
2002Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 6, In Jakarta,
Indonesia, thousands of protesters stormed parliament to demand
constitutional reforms including direct presidential elections.
   (SFC, 8/7/02, p.A12)
2002Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 8, In Indonesia
Lorenzo Taddei (34), an Italian tourist, was shot dead in Central
Sulawesi when gunmen fired on the bus he was traveling in.
   (Reuters, 8/9/02)
2002Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 10, Indonesia's top
legislature approved direct presidential elections for the world's
most populous Muslim country, marking a major step in the nation's
messy transition to democracy.
   (Reuters, 8/10/02)
2002Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 14, An Indonesian
court sentenced a former East Timor governor to three years in jail
over violence linked to the territory's 1999 independence vote.
   (Reuters, 8/14/02)
2002Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 15, An Indonesian
court acquitted a former East Timor police chief and five other
security officers of crimes against humanity over East Timor's
bloody independence vote in 1999.
   (AP, 8/15/02)
2002Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 17, In Indonesia a
home-made bomb wounded 13 people, including two children, as they
gathered to mark Independence Day in Aceh province.
   (Reuters, 8/17/02)
2002Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 20, Indonesian police
have arrested Ramli, a former soldier, and accused him of
masterminding a series of deadly bombings in the capital over the
past few years.
   (Reuters, 8/21/02)
2002Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 20, Choking smoke from
forest fires shrouded Indonesia's side of Borneo island, grounding
planes and pushing air quality way above hazardous levels in parts
of the vast region.
   (Reuters, 8/20/02)
2002Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 31, In Indonesia
unidentified gunmen shot dead three people, including two Americans,
and wounded up to 14 others in an attack on a vehicle convoy near a
giant gold mine in Papua province. Killed in the 30-minute assault
were Rick Spier, 44, of Littleton, Colo., Ted Burgon, 71, of
Sunriver, Ore., and an Indonesian teacher. Indonesian soldiers were
later implicated in the attack. In 2006 Antonius Wamang (31), a
separatist rebel, was sentenced to life in prison and his
accomplices up to seven years.
   (Reuters, 8/31/02)(SSFC, 10/27/02, p.A20)(AP,
11/7/06)
2002Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 31, At least 13 people
died and scores more were rescued when an Indonesian ferry carrying
more than 100 passengers caught fire and exploded after leaving
Baubau in southern Sulawesi province.
   (Reuters, 8/31/02)
2002Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 1, Indonesian soldiers
battled an armed band in Papua and killed one insurgent, near where
gunmen shot dead three people, including two U.S. school teachers,
and wounded at least 10 in an ambush the previous day.
   (Reuters, 9/1/02)(SFC, 9/2/02, p.A9)
2002Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 2, Thousands of
illegal Indonesian workers and their families are living in dire
conditions in camps near the country's border with Malaysia and one
relief worker said a few are selling their babies to raise cash.
   (Reuters, 9/2/02)
2002Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 7, Indonesian
officials say 35 deportees from Malaysia have died at sprawling
makeshift camps in Borneo as they await the arrival of a navy vessel
bringing medical help.
   (Reuters, 9/7/02)
2002Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 10, In Indonesia
soldiers arrested nurse Joy Lee Sadler (57) and academic Lesley
McCullough (40) in Aceh province on charges of violating tourist
visas by meeting with Aceh rebels. Sadler struck a commander who
tried to take her friend’s computer. Sadler was released Jan 10,
2003.
   (SFC, 12/18/02, p.A21)(SFC, 1/10/03, p.A17)
2002Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 21, In Indonesia 10
people were killed and 15 wounded in an explosion at a fireworks
factory in the town of Slawi in Central Java province.
   (Reuters, 9/21/02)
2002Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 9, It was reported
that Nike footwear production in Indonesia had shrunk to 30% from
38% in 1996 and that Vietnam’s share had risen to 15% from 2%.
   (WSJ, 9/9/02, p.A12)
2002Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct 4, Foreign ministers
from six Pacific nations arrived in Java's ancient royal capital of
Yogyakarta for a day of talks that Indonesia said would tackle the
thorny issue of terrorism.
   (AP, 10/4/02)
2002Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct 5, Foreign ministers
from six Pacific nations (Australia, the Philippines, Papua New
Guinea, New Zealand and East Timor) ended a day of talks in
Indonesia's ancient royal capital Yogyakarta, vowing to fight
terrorism together but said little about how they would do it.
   (Reuters, 10/5/02)
2002Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct 12, In Indonesia a car
bomb ripped through the Sari Club at the Kuta Beach resort packed
with foreign tourists on the island of Bali, sparking a blaze that
killed 202 people and injured 300 others. It was the worst terrorist
act in Indonesia's history. Authorities said a second bomb exploded
near the island's U.S. consular office. An estimated 100 victims
were from Australia. Imam Samudra was later charged with engineering
the blast. In 2004 Samudra (34) published a jailhouse autobiography
“Me Against the Terrorist,” in which he called for fellow Muslim
radicals to take the holy war to cyberspace. In 2005 Sally Neighbour
authored “In the Shadow of Swords: How Islamic Terrorists Declared
War on Australia.”
   (AP, 10/13/02)(SSFC, 10/12/02, p.A1)(SFC,
12/17/04, p.W1)(Econ, 12/17/05, p.83)
2002Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct 19, Indonesian police
arrested Abu Bakar Bashir (Abubakar Baasyir), a militant Muslim
cleric, in a terror probe hours after the government issued two
emergency anti-terror decrees to strengthen its hand after the Bali
car bomb carnage. Bashir was hospitalized Oct 18.
   (Reuters, 10/19/02)(SSFC, 10/20/02, p.A11)
2002Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct 22, The US added
Jemaah Islamiyah of Indonesia to its list of terrorist
organizations.
   (WSJ, 10/23/02, p.A1)
2002Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov 2, In Indonesia a
powerful earthquake struck near Sumatra island and killed at least
two people, injured scores and left more than 5,000 people on a
nearby island homeless.
   (Reuters, 11/3/02)
2002Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov 4, Indonesian navy
boats and civilian craft searched waters off the volatile eastern
city of Ambon for survivors from a packed ferry that sank overnight,
killing five people and leaving 73 missing.
   (Reuters, 11/4/02)
2002Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov 4, China signed a
landmark agreement, “Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the
South China Sea,” with ASEAN (Brunei, Malaysia, Philippines,
Vietnam) on avoiding open conflict in the disputed South China Sea
Spratly Islands. Indonesia objected and Taiwan was barred from
signing.
   (Reuters, 11/4/02)(Econ, 5/22/04,
p.40)(www.aseansec.org/13163.htm)
2002Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov 5, Indonesian police
arrested Amrozi bin Nurhasyim, the bomb maker of the Oct 12 attack
on Bali. In 2003 he was convicted and sentenced to die by firing
squad.
   (WSJ, 7/2/03, p.A6)(SFC, 8/8/03, p.A3)
2002Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov 7, In Indonesia a
light plane crashed on an islet off Borneo 3 minutes after it took
off, killing seven of the 10 people aboard.
   (Reuters, 11/7/02)
2002Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov 17, Indonesian police
investigating the Bali blasts identified Imam Samudra as a key
suspect as the chief planner of the attacks and said he learned
bomb-making in Afghanistan. Samudra was the field co-coordinator who
decided where to place the bombs in a crowded night club district. A
colleague, named Dulmatin, then triggered the bombs by mobile phone.
   (Reuters, 11/17/02)
2002Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov 21, In Indonesia Imam
Samudra (35), the suspected mastermind of last month's devastating
Bali bombings was arrested near Jakarta.
   (Reuters, 11/21/02)
2002Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov 22, Indonesia reported
that 3 workers at a gas field operated by U.S. oil and gas giant
ExxonMobil in Aceh province had been abducted. They were released
after 2 days.
   (AP, 11/22/02)(AP, 11/24/02)
2002Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 4, Separatists in
Indonesia's Aceh province commemorated the 26th anniversary of their
fight with at least one military flag-raising ceremony and vows to
keep fighting Jakarta's rule.
   (AP, 12/4/02)
2002Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 5, An explosion at a
McDonald’s Restaurant in Makassar on Sulawesi island killed three
people and seriously wounded 11. A 2nd blast took place an hour
later in a car showroom owned by Indonesia's Social Welfare Minister
Yusuf Kalla.
   (Reuters, 12/6/02)
2002Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 9, Indonesia and
rebels in Aceh signed an accord to end one of the world's
longest-running insurgencies.
   (Reuters, 12/9/02)
2002Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 11, In Indonesia a
mudslide above a resort in East Java killed at least 60 people.
Tree-cutting above the resort was blamed and a suit against a
state-owned forestry company was planned.
   (SFC, 12/14/02, p.A7)
2002Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 17, Malaysia won
control of two tiny palm-fringed islands when the World Court ruled
in its favor in a long-running dispute with Indonesia.
   (Reuters, 12/17/02)
2002Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 27, In Indonesia at
least 9 people including two children were killed and 50 injured
when heavy rain triggered a mud slide on Sumatra island.
   (Reuters, 12/27/02)
2002Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec, China signed a
preliminary agreement with Indonesia aimed at halting the trade in
illegal logs. A UN analysis of timber statistics for 2002 showed
China's reported import of logs from Indonesia to be 200 times
higher that the figures reported by Indonesian customs.
   (WSJ, 12/23/03, p.A12)
2002Â Â Â Â Â Â Eka Kurniawan (b.1975),
Indonesian novelist, authored “Cantik Itu Luka” (Beauty is a Wound).
An English translation by Anni Tucker was published in 2015.
   (Econ, 1/23/16, p.75)
2002Â Â Â Â Â Â After this year’s October
12 Bali bombing the government of Indonesia created Detachhment 88,
an elite cunter-terror squad financed and trained by America and
Australia.
   (Econ, 1/23/16, p.34)
2002Â Â Â Â Â Â Indonesia passed
legislation to create its Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK),
which was established in 2003.
   (Econ, 9/27/08,
p.54)(www.icac.org.hk/newsl/issue22eng/button3.htm)
2002Â Â Â Â Â Â Indonesia passed
broadcasting legislation that said the state will issue licenses. It
was assumed that the Indonesia Broadcasting Commission (KPI), an
independent state body, would issue the licenses. In 2006 the
information ministry pushed to take control.
   (Econ, 2/4/06, p.40)
2002Â Â Â Â Â Â Benny Wenda a leader of an
insurgency against Indonesian rule in the eastern province of Papua,
escaped from a Papuan jail and was granted asylum in Britain. He
remained wanted by authorities in his homeland for alleged arson and
murder. In 2011 Indonesia had Interpol put Wenda (37) on a wanted
list as he continued to promote the cause of Papuan independence.
   (AFP, 11/25/11)
2002Â Â Â Â Â Â PT Dirgantara Indonesia
won a contract to produce wing parts for the Airbus A380.
   (Econ, 2/15/14, p.57)
2003Â Â Â Â Â Â Jan 13, An Indonesia court
sentenced Ang Kiem Soei, a Dutch citizen of Chinese descent, to
death for operating what police say was one of the biggest ecstasy
factories in Southeast Asia.
   (AP, 1/13/03)
2003Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 2, Indonesian police
arrested Mas Selamat bin Kastari, a major terrorist suspect, on the
island of Bintang.
   (SFC, 2/4/03, p.A9)
2003Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 4, The United Nations
indicted 32 people, including 15 Indonesian soldiers, on allegations
they tortured and killed East Timorese during the country's bloody
split from Indonesia in 1999.
   (AP, 2/4/03)
2003Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 24, In
Indonesia a fire sparked by an explosion caused a small ferry to
sink off northern Sumatra, killing 8 people and leaving 19 others
missing.
   (AP, 2/24/03)
2003Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 24, The UN
indicted former Indonesia military chief Wiranto, 6 generals and an
ex-governor for the bloodbath preceding East Timor independence.
   (WSJ, 2/25/03, p.A1)
2003Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 26, Pirates with
automatic weapons stormed an Indonesian tanker ship in the Malacca
Strait and escaped with equipment and cash.
   (AP, 3/29/03)
2003Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 30, In Jakarta,
Indonesia, tens of thousands of protesters marched upon the U.S.
Embassy chanting "America Imperialist, No. 1 terrorist!"
   (AP, 3/30/03)
2003Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 31, In eastern
Indonesia mudslides triggered by flash floods on Flores Island
killed 48 people with 28 reported missing.
   (AP, 4/2/03)(AP, 4/5/03)
2003Â Â Â Â Â Â Apr 8, Indonesia police
and the military in Aceh killed nine people.
   (AP, 4/8/03)
2003Â Â Â Â Â Â Apr 27, In Indonesia a
bomb ripped through a crowded terminal at Jakarta's main airport,
wounding 11 people and sending hundreds of passengers fleeing from
the building.
   (AP, 4/27/03)
2003Â Â Â Â Â Â May 5, In Indonesia singer
Inul Daratista's (24) grinding moves to Indonesia's "Dangdut" folk
music have made her a celebrity in a matter of weeks. Religious
conservatives demanded that she be banned from the stage.
   (AP, 5/6/03)
2003Â Â Â Â Â Â May 18, In Indonesia 2
days of talks between separatist rebels and government officials
ended with no agreement on how to salvage a faltering peace pact and
avert war in the resource-rich province of Aceh. Pres. Sukarnoputri
singed a decree authorizing 6 months of martial law and ordered
30,000 government troops to crush the 5,000 Aceh rebels.
   (AP, 5/18/03)(SFC, 5/21/03, p.A3)
2003Â Â Â Â Â Â May 19, Indonesian war
planes attacked a rebel base and troops parachuted into restive Aceh
province as the military launched a major offensive just hours after
peace talks broke down and the president imposed martial law.
   (AP, 5/19/03)
2003Â Â Â Â Â Â May 20, Indonesian troops
killed or captured dozens of insurgents in its northwestern province
of Aceh, the 2nd day of a major offensive aimed at destroying a
separatist rebellion.
   (AP, 5/20/03)
2003Â Â Â Â Â Â Jun 16, In Indonesia a
passenger train slammed into a minibus carrying wedding guests,
killing at least 15 people.
   (AP, 6/16/03)
2003Â Â Â Â Â Â Jul 3, Indonesia's
military said it killed 15 insurgents in new fighting in Aceh
province, and the rebels said they have detained two local
journalists.
   (AP, 7/3/03)
2003Â Â Â Â Â Â Jul 7, In Indonesia
gunbattles between soldiers and rebels in Aceh province left 18
insurgents dead, and the bodies of five civilians were discovered in
the region.
   (AP, 7/8/03)
2003Â Â Â Â Â Â Jul 19, In Jakarta,
Indonesia, Budiarto Angsono, president of the PT Asaba computer
firm, along with his bodyguard, were murdered. Police said it was
likely the work of hitmen. Hiring a hitman to kill was said to cost
about $2,300.
   (AP, 7/26/03)
2003Â Â Â Â Â Â Jul, Puspo Wardoyo (47),
owner of a chain of 31 "Wong Solo" grilled-chicken restaurants
across Indonesia, organized his 1st "Polygamy Award."
   (WSJ, 11/24/03, p.A1)
2003Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 2, Indonesia judges
sentenced US reporter William Nessen to 41 days for failing to
inform officials of an address change in Jakarta. Nessen had already
been jailed for 40 days following time spent with rebels in Aceh.
   (SFCM, 11/2/03, p.15)
2003Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 5, A powerful car bomb
exploded in an apparent suicide attack outside the Marriott hotel in
downtown Jakarta, killing 10 people and wounding 149, including two
Americans. The head of Asmar Latin Sani (28), the suicide bomber,
landed on the 5th floor of the hotel.
   (AP, 8/5/03)(SFC, 8/7/03, p.A3)(SFC, 8/9/03,
p.A3)
2003Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 7, An Indonesian court
sentenced Amrozi bin Nurhasyim to death in the 2002 Bali bombings
that killed 202 people.
   (AP, 8/7/04)
2003Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 11, Hambali (39), an
Indonesian whose real name is Riduan Isamuddin, was captured in a
raid in the ancient temple city of Ayutthaya, Thailand. Hambali, the
operational head of Jemaah Islamiyah, was handed over to US
authorities and flown out of the country. He was al Qaeda's top man
in Southeast Asia and the suspected mastermind behind a string of
deadly bombings including the Bali attacks.
   (Reuters, 8/15/03)(SFC, 8/15/03, p.A3)(AP,
8/16/03)
2003Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 17, Indonesian
investigators reported the arrest of 9 people in the Aug. 5 attack
on the Marriott Hotel in Jakarta that killed 12 people and wounded
nearly 150.
   (AP, 8/17/03)
2003Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 2, In Indonesia a
court in Jakarta convicted radical Muslim cleric Abu Bakar Bashir of
inciting others to overthrow the government. He was sentenced to
four years in prison for sedition. The court threw out charges that
he belonged to al-Qaida's main Asian ally. His conviction was later
overturned after he'd spent more than two years behind bars.
   (AP, 9/2/03)(AP, 9/2/08)
2003Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 5, Wayan Limbak (106),
a Balinese dancer who helped create the island's famous Monkey
Dance, died. Working with German painter Walter Spies in the 1930s,
Limbak adopted a traditional exorcism ritual to invent the dance,
known in Indonesian as Kecak.
   (AP, 9/6/03)
2003Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 7, A ferry boat
traveling from Indonesia's Bali island sank, killing at least six
people and leaving dozens missing.
   (AP, 9/7/03)
2003Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 10, Imam Samudra (33),
the man accused of being the "intellectual mastermind" of last
year's Oct 12 Bali nightclub bombings was sentenced to face a firing
squad after being found guilty of the attack that killed 202 people.
   (AP, 9/10/03)
2003Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 16, In Indonesia
escalating fighting in resource-rich Aceh province left at least 22
suspected separatist rebels and one Indonesian soldier dead.
   (AP, 9/17/03)
2003Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep, A 3-foot-tall adult
female skeleton was found in a cave believed to be 18,000 years old.
A trove of fragmented bones accounted for as many as seven primitive
individuals that lived on the equatorial island of Flores, located
east of Java and northwest of Australia. Scientists have named the
extinct species Homo floresiensis. Scientists in 2005 said the group
emerged some 95,000 years earlier and went extinct about 12,000
years ago. In 2009 new studies suggested the people, dubbed hobbits,
were a previously unknown species altogether.
   (AP, 10/27/04)(SFC, 10/28/04, p.A1)(SFC, 3/4/05,
p.A2)(AP, 5/7/09)
2003Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct 4, Eight Indonesian
soldiers plummeted into the ocean and were presumed dead after a
helicopter crew cut the ropes carrying them during rehearsal of a
mid-air stunt.
   (AP, 10/4/03)
2003Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct 5, Ministers of the
10-member Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) met ahead
of a leaders' summit on Indonesia's resort island of Bali, with
leaders of China, India, Japan and South Korea joining the bloc to
sign trade and security accords.
   (AP, 10/5/03)
2003Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct 7, In Bali southeast
Asian leaders from 10 ASEAN nations signed a landmark accord that
would pull together their disparate region into a European-style
economic community in less than two decades.
   (AP, 10/7/03)
2003Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct 8, In Indonesia a
semi-trailer veered out of its lane and crashed head-on into a
school bus near Situbondo. The death toll from a school bus crash
reached 54 and police said they had launched a search for a truck
driver.
   (AP, 10/9/03)
2003Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct 22, President Bush
praised Indonesia, the world's most populous Muslim nation, for
battling terrorism. Bush defended US policy from the Mideast to Iraq
during a frank exchange with moderate Muslim leaders during a
stopover in Bali, Indonesia.
   (AP, 10/22/03)(AP, 10/22/08)
2003Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct 29, In Indonesia an
air force helicopter crashed at an air strip on the southern
outskirts of Jakarta, killing all 7 people aboard.
   (AP, 10/29/03)
2003Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov 2, On Indonesia's
Sumatra island flash floods swept through a popular tourist resort,
killing 66 people, five of them foreigners, and leaving dozens
missing.
   (AP, 11/3/03)
2003Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov 6, Indonesia extended
martial law and its military offensive in Aceh for 6 months.
   (SFC, 11/7/03, p.A9)
2003Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov 23, The Indonesian
military reported it had killed six suspected rebels and captured
four others during clashes in Aceh province.
   (AP, 11/23/03)
2003Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov, The World Bank
approved increased loans to Indonesia in return for an
anti-corruption commission and strengthened government procurement
methods.
   (SFC, 12/2/03, p.A13)
2003Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 13, Indonesian troops
gun downed at least three suspected rebels, including the first
female insurgent killed in the current offensive, and captured eight
others during clashes in the war-torn province of Aceh.
   (AP, 12/14/03)
2003Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 27, An Indonesian army
tank accidentally ran over a public minibus on Java island, killing
18 people and injuring at least five.
   (AP, 12/27/03)
2003Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 29, The Indonesian
Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) was established based on the
Law No. 30 of 2002.
   (www.icac.org.hk/newsl/issue22eng/button3.htm)
2003Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 31, In Indonesia a
bomb tore through a crowded New Year's concert in Aceh province,
killing 10 people, including three children. 45 were wounded.
   (AP, 1/1/04)
2003Â Â Â Â Â Â Indonesia’s President
Megawati Sukarnoputri declared that the Chinese new year would be a
national holiday.
   (Econ, 2/4/06, p.40)
2003Â Â Â Â Â Â Indonesia HIV infections
jumped 62% for the year to some 210,000 cases.
   (WSJ, 3/25/04, p.A1)
2004Â Â Â Â Â Â Jan 20, In Indonesia
blasts rocked a chemical plant in Gresik, sparking a series of fires
at the complex that killed two people and injured nearly 70 others.
   (AP, 1/20/04)
2004Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 4, John Ashcroft
joined security chiefs from 32 nations at a Bali anti-terrorism
conference.
   (WSJ, 2/4/04, p.A1)
2004Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 6, In Indonesia
earthquakes measuring 7.1 and aftershocks hit the remote Papua
province, flattening houses and leaving at least 34 people dead and
hundreds injured.
   (AP, 2/6/04)(WSJ, 2/9/04, p.A1)
2004Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 16, An earthquake
shook Indonesia's Sumatra island, killing five people and damaging
60 homes.
   (AP, 2/17/04)
2004Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar, Indonesia became a
net importer of crude oil for the first time.
   (WSJ, 5/18/04, p.A1)
2004Â Â Â Â Â Â Apr 5, Indonesians voted
in legislative elections with Golkar, the party that once supported
ex-dictator Suharto, expected to win the most seats. Some 140,000
Indonesians chose between 450,000 candidates competing for 15,276
offices.
   (AP, 4/5/04)(WSJ, 4/6/04, p.A1)(Econ, 4/10/04,
p.31)
2004Â Â Â Â Â Â Apr 6, In Indonesia the
Golkar Party of former dictator Suharto held a slight lead in
parliamentary elections. Golkar won the most seats in the
parliamentary election with 21.6 percent. Pres. Sukarnoputri’s
Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P) won 18.5%.
   (AP, 4/6/04)(AP, 5/5/04)(Econ, 5/8/04,
p.42)Â Â Â
2004Â Â Â Â Â Â Apr 14, In Indonesia Akbar
Tandjung, the leader of the party once led by Indonesian dictator
Suharto, claimed victory in parliamentary elections that were a
major setback to President Megawati Sukarnoputri.
   (AP, 4/14/04)
2004Â Â Â Â Â Â Apr 18, In Indonesia
Presidential front-runner Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono said he had
chosen the country's popular welfare minister as his running mate,
forging a ticket that polls show could easily defeat incumbent
Megawati Sukarnoputri in July.
   (AP, 4/18/04)
2004Â Â Â Â Â Â Apr 20, Indonesia's Golkar
Party chose ex-Gen. Wiranto as its presidential candidate. He was
indicted by the UN for human-rights abuses in East Timor in 1999.
   (WSJ, 4/21/04, p.A1)
2004Â Â Â Â Â Â Apr 23, A rain-triggered
landslide smashed into a bus on Indonesia's Sumatra island, killing
at least 37 passengers and leaving six others buried under tons of
mud.
   (AP, 4/24/04)
2004Â Â Â Â Â Â Apr 25, In Indonesia's
Maluku islands Muslim and Christian gangs fought running battles,
leaving at least 10 people dead, including two youths who were
hacked to death by sword-wielding men.
   (AP, 4/25/04)
2004Â Â Â Â Â Â Apr 26, In Indonesia's
Maluku islands mobs set fire to buildings at a Christian-run
university. 18 people have died in two days of clashes between
Christians and Muslims.
   (AP, 4/26/04)
2004Â Â Â Â Â Â Apr 27, In Indonesia
gunmen in Ambon killed two paramilitary police officers and
critically wounded a third and a Muslim man later was incinerated by
a bomb explosion, bringing the death toll since Sunday to 24.
   (AP, 4/28/04)
2004Â Â Â Â Â Â Apr 30, In Indonesia
hundreds of protesters clashed with police as officers
re-arrested Abu Bakar Bashir (66), a Muslim cleric accused of
heading an al-Qaida-linked terror network. Muslims and Christians
with homemade bombs and military-issue weapons clashed in the
eastern city of Ambon, leaving 15 wounded and scores of houses in
flames.
   (AP, 4/30/04)
2004Â Â Â Â Â Â Apr, Australian police,
trying to break a large drug syndicate, supplied information that
led to the arrest of the nine Australians on Indonesian resort
island of Bali. The nine were allegedly carrying 11.2 kilograms
(24.7 pounds) of heroin at the time and faced the death penalty on
drugs charges.
   (AP, 10/26/05)
2004Â Â Â Â Â Â May 10, A U.N.-backed
tribunal issued an arrest warrant against Indonesia's former
military chief and current presidential candidate Gen. Wiranto for
human rights abuses during the territory's bloody break with Jakarta
in 1999.
   (AP, 5/10/04)
2004Â Â Â Â Â Â May, A court in West
Sumatra, Indonesia, convicted 43 provincial representatives for
misusing state funds and sentenced them to 2 years in jail.
   (WSJ, 9/17/04, p.A1)
2004Â Â Â Â Â Â Jun 8, Two volcanoes in
separate parts of Indonesia shot forth plumes of smoke and showers
of stones, killing two hikers and forcing the evacuation of 5,000
villagers.
   (AP, 6/8/04)
2004Â Â Â Â Â Â Jun 10, In Indonesia Mount
Awu on Sangihe Island erupted. Nearly 12,000 people living around
the mountain had been evacuated to a nearby town.
   (AP, 6/10/04)
2004Â Â Â Â Â Â Jul 5, Former army Gen.
Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY) won the first round in Indonesia's
presidential election. A Sep 20 showdown set Megawati Sukarnoputri
against SBY.
   (SFC, 7/3/04, p.A14)(AP, 7/5/04)(SFC, 7/7/04,
p.A3)
2004Â Â Â Â Â Â Jul 11, A truck crashed
into a house packed with guests at a wedding reception in Indonesia,
killing 17 and injuring 13.
   (AP, 7/11/04)
2004Â Â Â Â Â Â Jul 29, Four Indonesian
security officers convicted over atrocities during East Timor's 1999
violence-marred independence vote were acquitted.
   (AFP, 8/6/04)
2004Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 7, Munir Said Thalib
(b.1965), prominent Indonesian human rights activist, died of
arsenic poisoning aboard a Garuda Indonesia flight to the
Netherlands. In March, 2005, Garuda pilot Pollycarpus Budihari
Priyanto was taken into custody. In June it was reported that
Indonesia’s intelligence service was involved in Thalib’s death. In
December, 2005, Pollycarpus Priyanto was found guilty of Munir's
murder by an Indonesian court and sentenced to 14 years
imprisonment. In 2006 Indonesia’s Supreme Court quashed the murder
conviction citing insufficient evidence. In 2008 Indonesia’s supreme
court found Pollycarpus Priyanto guilty of poisoning Munir and
sentenced him to 20 years in prison. In 2008 Indonesian police
arrested Muchdi Purwoprandjono, a former top intelligence official,
for suspected involvement in the killing of Thalib.
   (WSJ, 6/27/05,
p.A12)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munir_Said_Thalib)(AFP,
10/4/06)(AFP, 1/25/08)(AP, 6/19/08)
2004Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 9, In Indonesia a car
bomb exploded outside the gates of the Australian Embassy in
Jakarta, killing 10 people and wounding more than 160.
   (Econ, 9/11/04, p.39)(AP, 9/9/05)
2004Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 20, In Indonesia
Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono held a commanding lead over Incumbent
President Megawati Sukarnoputri in partial official results.
   (AP, 9/20/04)
2004Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 21, Former General
Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono took a seemingly unassailable lead in
Indonesia's presidential election.
   (AP, 9/21/04)
2004Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct 4, Retired general
Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono was confirmed as Indonesia's next leader as
final counting from the country's first direct presidential polls
gave him a landslide victory over his predecessor.
   (AFP, 10/4/04)
2004Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct 15, Indonesian
prosecutors formally charged militant cleric Abu Bakar Bashir with
ordering his followers to launch a suicide attack on the J.W.
Marriott hotel in Jakarta last year.
   (AP, 10/15/04)
2004Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov 5, Abilio Jose Soares,
the only Indonesian official to be punished for violence that killed
up to 2,000 East Timorese in 1999, has been released from jail,
following a court decision that overturned his conviction. Soares
was the former governor of East Timor.
   (CP, 11/6/04)
2004Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov 12, A strong
earthquake rocked parts of eastern Indonesia injuring 40 and
damaging hundreds of buildings. Six people on the island of Alor
were killed.
   (WSJ, 11/12/04, p.A1)
2004Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov 30, A Lion Air MD-82
passenger plane from Jakarta carrying nearly 150 people skidded off
a runway in Solo, Indonesia, and split into two pieces killing at
least 31 people.
   (AP, 11/30/04)(SFC, 12/1/04, p.A3)
2004Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 1, In Indonesia’s
Papua Province Filep Karma and Yusak Pakage were arrested for
raising the Morning Star flag, a symbol of Papuan independence. In
May, 2005, a court sentenced Karma to 15 years in prison and Pakage
to 10 years on charges of treason for having “betrayed” Indonesia.
  Â
(www.amnestyusa.org/action/special/karmapakage.html)
2004Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 11, The world Economic
Forum ranked Indonesia 69th out of 104 countries for int’l.
competitiveness. About 50% of its people subsisted on less than $2
per day.
   (Econ, 12/11/04, Survey p.4)
2004Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 19, Golkar,
Indonesia’s largest party in parliament, removed Akbar Tandjung as
leader and replaced him with Jusuf Kalla, the country’s new
vice-president.
   (Econ, 1/1/05, p.29)
2004Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 23, An Indonesian
military helicopter crashed into mountains on Indonesia's Java
island, killing 14 soldiers on board.
   (AP, 12/23/04)
2004Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 26, The world's most
powerful earthquake in 40 years triggered massive tidal waves that
slammed into villages and seaside resorts across southern and
southeast Asia. The initial estimated death toll of 9,000 soon rose
to some 230,000 people in 14 countries. The magnitude 9.0 earthquake
was the world's fifth-largest since 1900 and the largest since a 9.2
temblor hit Prince William Sound Alaska in 1964. The epicenter was
located 155 miles south-southeast of Banda Aceh, the capital of Aceh
province on Sumatra, and six miles under the seabed of the Indian
Ocean. In Indonesia at least 166,320 people were killed.
   Bangladesh reported 2 killed; India: at least
9,691 deaths: thousands were missing and possibly dead in India's
remote Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Indonesia: At least 101,318
people were killed on Sumatra island and small islands off its
coast. Kenya reported 1 killed. Malaysia: At least 68 people,
including an unknown number of foreign tourists, were dead. Myanmar:
At least 90 people were killed. Sri Lanka: At least 30,680 were
killed in government and rebel controlled areas. The Maldives, an
archipelago of 1,190 low-lying coral islands and a tiny population
of 280,000, at least 82 people were killed and missing. At least 42
islands were flattened in the low-lying atoll nation. Somalia: At
least 298 were killed. Tanzania: At least 10 killed. Thailand: The
confirmed death toll for Thailand reached 5,322, but many suspected
Myanmar migrants were not counted. Some 230,000 people were killed
in a dozen countries.
   (SFC, 12/28/04, p.A1)(AP, 12/30/04)(SSFC, 1/2/05,
p.A12)(AP, 1/7/05)(Econ, 1/22/05, p.41)(AP, 12/25/09)(AP, 11/12/13)
  Â
2004Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 29, The first
Indonesian military teams reached the devastated west coast of
Sumatra island, finding thousands of bodies and increasing the death
toll across 12 nations to more than 76,700.
   (AP, 12/29/04)
2004Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 30, The death toll
from the Dec 26 earthquake-tsunami catastrophe rose to more than
114,000. Indonesia estimated deaths in Aceh at over 80,000.
   (AP, 12/30/04)(SFC, 12/31/04, p.A1)
2004Â Â Â Â Â Â Jean Gelman Taylor
authored "Indonesia," a history or the archipelago and its various
cultures.
   (WSJ, 3/11/04, p.D7)
2004Â Â Â Â Â Â Theodore Friend authored
"Indonesian Destinies," a history of Indonesia since independence.
   (WSJ, 3/11/04, p.D7)
2004Â Â Â Â Â Â Maria A. Ressa authored
"Seeds of Terror," a focus on the last ten years of Indonesia.
   (WSJ, 3/11/04, p.D7)
2004Â Â Â Â Â Â In Indonesia the armed
forces formally withdrew from politics. They gave up their reserved
seats in parliament ending their “dwi fungsi,” or dual political and
military function. The military still owned numerous businesses,
foundations and cooperatives, which provided a good chunk of its
budget. Law required that they cede control by 2009.
   (Econ, 2/18/06, p.43)
2004Â Â Â Â Â Â Producers and users of
palm oil, 90% of which is produced in Indonesia and Malaysia, set up
a Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO).
   (Econ, 8/1/15, p.59)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Jan 1, Indonesia was
forecast for 4.8% annual GDP growth with a population at 227.1
million and GDP per head at $1,230.
   (Econ, 1/8/05, p.91)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Jan 1, In Indonesia
desperate, homeless villagers on the tsunami-ravaged island of
Sumatra mobbed American helicopters carrying aid as the U.S.
military launched its largest operation in the region since the
Vietnam War.
   (AP, 1/1/06)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Jan 5, Australian PM John
Howard pledged $765 million over five years to Indonesian tsunami
reconstruction and development due to the Dec 26 disaster.
   (AP, 1/6/05)(Econ, 1/15/05, p.38)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Jan 5, The UN said that
camps for up to 500,000 tsunami refugees will be built on devastated
Sumatra island, while world leaders headed to Indonesia to discuss
how to distribute billions of dollars in aid.
   (AP, 1/5/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Jan 6, A tsunami aid
conference convened in Jakarta, Indonesia, and the UN asserted
control over the massive relief campaign.
   (WSJ, 1/7/05, p.A1)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Jan 7, Authorities raised
Indonesia's death toll by 7,000, bringing the overall total killed
by the disaster to more than 147,000.
   (AP, 1/7/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Jan 11, Indonesia's
military chief extended a new cease-fire offer to rebels in the
tsunami-stricken Aceh province, and residents in Sri Lanka were told
not to rebuild near the coast.
   (AP, 1/11/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Jan 12, Indonesia demanded
that all foreign troops providing disaster relief leave the country
by Mar 31.
   (SFC, 1/13/05, p.A1)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Jan 16, Indonesia
increased its tsunami death toll by 5,000, raising the overall
number of people who died in the Dec. 26 disaster to more than
162,000.
   (AP, 1/16/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Jan 19, Indonesia's Health
Ministry raised the country's death toll from the Dec. 26 tsunami to
166,320, pushing the total number of people killed in the disaster
around the region above 225,000.
   (Reuters, 1/19/05)(SFC, 1/20/05, p.A4)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Jan 21, It was reported
that Laskar Merah Putih (Red and White Force), the military-backed
militia notorious for killing dozens of independence supporters
during East Timor’s violent breakaway, has set up relief operations
in Aceh province.
   (SFC, 1/21/05, p.A3)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Jan 23, Indonesia raised
its death toll from the Dec 26 disaster by as many as 7,000 people.
It confirmed 96,000 dead and 132,000 presumed dead.
   (AP, 1/23/05)(WSJ, 1/26/05, p.A1)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Jan 27, Indonesian Pres.
Yudhoyono rebels in Aceh amnesty and greater autonomy in exchange
for a cease-fire on the eve of new peace talks I Helsinki. Japanese
troops arrived in Aceh to take over aid tasks from US forces.
   (SFC, 1/28/05, p.A10)(WSJ, 1/28/05, p.A1)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Jan 31, A UN official said
nearly 800,000 people will need food aid in Indonesia's Aceh
province in the aftermath of the devastating Dec. 26 tsunami as the
country's death toll from the disaster jumped by 5,000 for the 2nd
day in a row. The overall death toll stood between 156,000 and
178,000 across 11 nations, with an estimated 26,500 to 142,000
missing, most of whom are presumed dead.
   (AP, 1/31/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Jan, US government
prosecutors charged Monsanto Corp. for payoffs to officials in
Indonesia during efforts (1998-2003) to sell genetically modified
seed there. Monsanto agreed to pay $1.5 million to settle the
charges.
   (WSJ, 4/5/05, p.A1)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 1, Indonesia announced
that it found the bodies of 1,000 additional victims from the Dec 26
tsunami disaster.
   (AP, 2/1/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 18, Indonesia welcomed
efforts by the US to restore full military training ties with
Jakarta, saying the time was ripe to resume links that were
downgraded 13 years ago.
   (AFP, 2/18/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 20, Former Presidents
George H.W. Bush and Bill Clinton visited Indonesia's
tsunami-ravaged Aceh province, flying over a vast wasteland of
destruction.
   (AP, 2/20/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 21, In Indonesia a
30-foot-tall heap of garbage collapsed onto a neighborhood near the
West Java town of Bandung, killing at least 19 people and crushing
dozens of houses.
   (AP, 2/21/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 22, In Indonesia Aceh
separatists announced they are ready to accept increased autonomy
rather than independence.
   (WSJ, 2/23/05, p.A1)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 28, Indonesia welcomed
a move by the US to resume a small but high-profile US military
training program that was frozen in the 1990s because of human
rights abuses in East Timor. Human rights groups condemned the
decision.
   (Reuters, 2/28/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb, A group called the
Environmental Investigation Agency alleged that $600 million worth
of timber was being smuggled from Indonesia to China every month.
Pres. Yudhojono pledged a crackdown in March with Operation
Sustainable Forest. The EIA described a timber-smuggling chain
bringing 300,000 cubic meters of merbau, a valuable hardwood, from
Indonesia’s Papua province to China. EIA claimed Indonesia was
losing an area of forest the size of Switzerland every year.
   (Econ, 3/26/05, p.42)(Econ, 5/7/05, p.39)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 1, Indonesia reduced
subsidies on various fuels.
   (Econ, 3/5/05, p.43)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 3, In Indonesia the
alleged leader of a militant Islamic group was sentenced to 2 1/2
years in prison for conspiracy in the 2002 Bali nightclub bombings
that killed 202 people but was cleared of more serious charges.
   (AP, 3/3/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 7, It was reported
that Indonesia’s army had killed 30 Aceh separatists over the past
week.
   (WSJ, 3/7/05, p.A1)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 9, Indonesia and East
Timor agreed to set up a commission to deal with atrocities
surrounding East Timor's 1999 vote for independence, despite
criticism led by the UN.
   (AP, 3/9/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 21, A top security
official said Indonesia plans to formally outlaw the al-Qaida-linked
terror group Jemaah Islamiyah, a move that will make it easier for
authorities to arrest and prosecute militants in the world's most
populous Muslim nation.
   (AP, 3/21/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 28, An 8.7 earthquake
occurred in northern Sumatra, Indonesia, in what technically was
considered an aftershock to the Dec 26 quake. At least 330 people
were killed in collapsed buildings on Nias Island. No major tsunami
followed. The UN raised its toll to 624. The government estimated
400-500 were killed.
   (SFC, 3/29/05, p.A1)(AP, 3/31/05)(Econ, 4/2/05,
p.37)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar, Indonesia’s Pres.
Yudhoyono enforced a 29% fuel price increase after promising to
invest in health and education with the cash saved.
   (Econ, 10/1/05, p.40)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar, The British-based
Environmental Investigation Agency (EIA) described a
timber-smuggling chain bringing 300,000 cubic meters of merbau, a
valuable hardwood, from Indonesia’s Papua province to China.
   (Econ, 3/26/05, p.42)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Apr 2, An Australian navy
helicopter crashed on the earthquake-devastated Indonesian island of
Nias. Media reported that nine people were killed and two were
rescued.
   (AP, 4/2/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Apr 4, The leaders of
Australia and Indonesia signed a partnership agreement that they
said would lead to new security pact between their countries.
   (AP, 4/4/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Apr 8, Indonesia's Pres.
Yudhoyono was greeted in East Timor on a visit to bolster
reconciliation between Jakarta and the territory it once occupied
with brutal force.
   (AP, 4/8/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Apr 11, Indonesia
sentenced Aceh Gov. Abdullah Puteh to 10 years in prison plus a fine
($52,631) for padding the price of a helicopter, purchased with
state funds in 2002, and keeping the extra money for himself.
   (WSJ, 4/12/05, p.A18)(Econ, 4/30/05, p.40)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Apr 16, A Finnish mediator
said Aceh rebels and Indonesian government delegates have made a
"breakthrough" at peace talks on the tsunami-ravaged province, and
will continue negotiations in Finland May 26-31.
   (AP, 4/16/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Apr 17, In Indonesia
authorities arrested 9 young Australians, the Bali Nine, for trying
to smuggle 8.3 kg of heroin to Australia. In Feb, 2006, 2 of the 9
were sentenced to death and the rest to life in prison. An appeal by
4 sentenced to prison led to a change in their sentences to death.
In 2008 three of the convicted Australians had their death sentences
reduced to life imprisonment. In 2011 Australian drug smuggler Scott
Rush (24) won an appeal reducing his death sentence to life
imprisonment.
   (Econ, 9/16/06,
p.52)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bali_Nine)(AFP, 3/6/08)(AP,
5/10/11)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Apr 22, Indian Foreign
Minister Natwar Singh met Nepal's King Gyanendra on the fringes of
an international summit in Jakarta and pushed for a restoration of
democracy.
   (AFP, 4/22/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Apr 23, In Indonesia
leaders from Asia and Africa struck what they called a historic deal
to build economic and political links.
   (Reuters, 4/23/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Apr 24, In Indonesia
representatives of more than 100 African and Asian countries closed
out a summit (b.1955) with promises to boost economic relations and
counter the threat of globalization.
   (AP, 4/24/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â May 3, The WHO said
Indonesia has detected its first case of polio in a decade,
prompting the government to launch a massive vaccination campaign
that is expected to inoculate more than 5 million children.
   (AP, 5/3/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â May 8, In Indonesia US
Deputy Secretary of State Robert Zoellick signed an agreement to
build a $245 million road along Aceh's western coast.
   (AP, 5/8/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â May 13, Indonesia reported
that researchers had found a strain of bird flu in pigs on Java, and
feared the virus could spread to humans.
   (SSFC, 5/15/05, p.A14)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â May 14, A magnitude 6.9
undersea earthquake rocked Indonesia's Sumatra island.
   (AP, 5/14/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â May 19, Indonesia lifted 2
years of emergency rule in Aceh.
   (WSJ, 5/19/05, p.A1)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â May 25, Pres. Bush met
with Indonesian Pres. Yudhoyono. The US decided to lift a ban on the
government sale of non-lethal defense equipment to Indonesia as part
of a step-by-step process to restore full military ties frozen due
to human rights abuses.
   (AP, 5/26/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â May 27, Schapelle Corby
(27), an Australian woman, was convicted and sentenced to 20 years
in prison for smuggling nine pounds of marijuana onto Indonesia's
Bali island. In 2012 the justice ministry recommended granting
clemency Corby. Lawyers argued she had gone insane after being
jailed in Bali’s Kerobokan prison. Her sentenced was reduced by 5
years. Corby was released on Feb 10, 2014.
   (AP, 5/27/05)(AFP, 4/4/12)(AFP, 5/21/12)(AP,
2/10/14)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â May 28, In Indonesia 2
bombs exploded at a busy market on Sulawesi Island, killing at least
22 people and wounding 40 others in an area marred by years of
inter-religious fighting.
   (AP, 5/28/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â May 30, Indonesia's first
polio outbreak in a decade widened with two new cases reported, as
the government kicked off a massive eradication campaign that aims
to vaccinate 6.4 million children in one day.
   (AP, 5/30/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Jun 15, Indonesia reported
its 1st human case of bird flu.
   (SFC, 6/16/05, p.A3)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Jun 24, In Indonesia 15
convicted gamblers were flogged for illegal gaming, the first time
caning was used as punishment in the world's most populous Muslim
country.
   (AP, 6/24/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Jun 29, A UN team of
experts called for an international tribunal to prosecute
Indonesia’s security forces and militia during its bloodstained exit
from East Timor in 1999.
   (AP, 6/29/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Jul 7, The 150-ton KMP
Digul sank off Papua province, Indonesia, while en route from the
port town of Merauke to Tanah Merah. As many as 200 were feared
dead.
   (AP, 7/9/05)(AP, 7/10/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Jul 15, Indonesian
authorities said 3 people had died of suspected bird flu in the last
10 days. They had no contact with poultry and raised concern over
human-to-human transmission. A small farm nearby was hit by the
virus a few months earlier. This raised the regionwide deaths from
bird flu to 57, mostly in Thailand and Vietnam
   (WSJ, 7/18/05, p.A10)(WSJ, 7/22/05, p.A10)
Â
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Jul 16, In Finland
Indonesia's government and Aceh rebels reached a tentative peace
deal to end a 29-year insurgency in the tsunami-devastated province.
They agreed to sign a peace accord on Aug 15 in exchange for more
autonomy.
   (AP, 7/17/05)(WSJ, 7/18/05, p.A1)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Jul 21, In Indonesia the
first suspect to face charges in the 2004 bombing of the Australian
Embassy was sentenced to 3 ½ years in prison for assisting the
attack's perpetrators, but was cleared of more serious charges.
   (AP, 7/21/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Jul 24, A 7.2 earthquake
hit India's southern Andaman and Nicobar Islands and part of
Indonesia. No tsunami came, and no injuries or damage were reported.
   (AP, 7/25/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Jul 26, In Indonesia a 2nd
suspect tried in September's deadly bombing at the Australian
Embassy was convicted and sentenced to four years in prison for
helping transport materials used in the attack. Agus Ahmad (31) told
the South Jakarta District Court he believed six bags given to him
by a friend contained crystal stones, but the three judges did not
believe him.
   (AP, 7/26/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Jul 28, Indonesia brushed
off a call in a UN report for an international tribunal to try
Indonesian and militia leaders blamed for a bloody 1999 rampage in
East Timor.
   (AP, 7/28/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 2, Forest fires in
Indonesia's Sumatra province covered Kuala Lumpur and 32 other areas
of Malaysia with a smoky haze.
   (AP, 8/2/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 4, In Bali a truth
commission set up by Indonesia and East Timor began work, seeking to
deflect growing calls for an international tribunal to probe the
tiny territory's bloody independence vote in 1999.
   (AP, 8/4/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 5, In Indonesia
Denver-based mining giant Newmont went on trial in a high-profile
legal battle over charges its Indonesian unit, Newmont Minahasa
Raya, dumped toxic waste and polluted Buyat Bay in North Sulawesi,
causing health problems to residents.
   (AP, 8/5/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 8, Health officials in
Indonesia reported 205 children with polio.
   (WSJ, 8/9/05, p.A1)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 11, Indonesian
President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, a former army general, and the
Timorese ex-guerrilla fighter Xanana Gusmao witnessed the signing of
documents appointing the 10 members of the Commission for Truth and
Friendship.
   (AFP, 8/11/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 12, Smoke from forest
fires in Indonesia spread to more cities in Malaysia, as millions
prayed in mosques and temples for rain to wash away the hazardous
haze.
   (AP, 8/12/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 15, Indonesia and Aceh
rebels signed a peace treaty in Helsinki to end nearly 30 years of
fighting that killed 15,000 people, but rebel leaders voiced concern
about government troops remaining in the region.
   (AP, 8/15/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 25, UNICEF said a
measles outbreak on Indonesia's Sumba island has killed five
children and sickened 711 others.
   (AP, 8/25/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 31, Indonesia's
President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono said the government needs to cut
fuel subsidies, in effect raising gasoline prices for the public, to
lift the nation's beleaguered currency and stave off an economic
crisis.
   (AP, 8/31/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 31, Indonesia released
hundreds of Acehnese rebel prisoners, honoring a major concession in
a recent peace deal and triggering tearful reunions as the former
inmates returned to their tsunami-devastated homeland.
   (AP, 8/31/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 5, In Indonesia a
domestic jetliner slammed into a crowded neighborhood after taking
off from Medan, bursting into flames and killing at 143 people
including 44 on the ground. 18 passengers survived the crash,
including an 18-month-old boy.
   (AP, 9/6/05)(AP, 9/5/06)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 8, Indonesian militant
Abdul Fatah, alias Heri Segu, received a seven-year prison sentence
for his role in plotting last year's suicide bombing at the
Australian Embassy, blamed on a regional terror group linked to
al-Qaida.
   (AP, 9/8/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 13, Iwan Darmawan
Mutho, alias Rois (30), an Indonesian Islamic militant, vowed
revenge after he was sentenced to death for plotting a deadly
bombing at the Australian embassy which was allegedly funded by
Osama bin Laden.
   (AP, 9/13/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 15, Separatist rebels
in Indonesia's Aceh province started handing over weapons to
international monitors.
   (AP, 9/15/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 16, Indonesia's ailing
airline PT Garuda Indonesia said it signed a $2 billion deal with
aircraft manufacturer Boeing Co. to upgrade the company's fleet.
   (AP, 9/16/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 17, The Indonesian
government signed a contract with state oil company Pertamina and US
oil giant Exxon Mobil Corp to develop Cepu block.
   (AP, 9/17/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 18, in Indonesia the
main zoo Jakarta was shut down after 19 of its birds died of the
avian influenza that has killed four people in the sprawling
country.
   (AP, 9/18/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 19, An Indonesian
warship fired on a Chinese fishing fleet it suspected of using
illegal nets, killing one crew member and wounding two others in the
Arafuru sea off Papua Island.
   (AP, 9/21/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 21, Indonesia
scrambled to calm public fears of a possible bird flu epidemic after
two more children suspected of having the disease died in the
capital of Jakarta.
   (AP, 9/21/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 22, An Indonesian
court sentenced the last of six Muslim militants accused in the 2004
suicide bombing at the Australian Embassy to 10 years in prison for
helping the alleged masterminds carry out the attack.
   (AP, 9/22/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 25, A magnitude 5.6
undersea earthquake rocked eastern Indonesia, but there were no
immediate reports of damages or casualties.
   (AP, 9/25/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 26, The death of a
27-year-old woman took Indonesia's death toll from bird flu to six
as the government announced that 400,000 tablets of donated medicine
to fight the virus would soon arrive in the country.
   (AP, 9/26/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 29, Thousands of
students, truck drivers and laborers rallied across Indonesia to
protest impending fuel price hikes, some blocking roads with burning
tires and throwing stones outside a house belonging to the vice
president.
   (AP, 9/29/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 29, Officials
announced that Rupert Murdoch's Asian broadcast business is buying a
20 percent stake in the Indonesian television network ANTV.
   (AP, 9/30/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 30, In Indonesia riot
police fired tear gas at about 100 rock-throwing students who were
among thousands demonstrating on the eve of drastic fuel price
increases, which President Yudhoyono defended as the only way to
stave off an economic crisis.
   (AP, 9/30/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct 1, In Indonesia bombs
exploded almost simultaneously in two tourist areas of the resort
island of Bali, killing 20 people and wounding nearly 200 others.
Indonesia said suicide bombers carried out the blasts that bore the
hallmark of Islamic militants linked to al-Qaeda. In 2006 Abdul Aziz
(30) was sentenced to eight years in prison for harboring the
alleged mastermind of the bombings. Aziz had also helped set up a
Web site calling on Muslims to wage war against "infidels." Mohammad
Cholili (28) was sentenced to 18 years in prison for helping to
build the bombs. Dwi Widiarto (34) was sentenced to 8 years for
helping make the bombers’ videotaped confessions. Anif Solchanudin
was sentenced to 15 years in prison.
   (AP, 10/2/05)(AP, 9/5/06)(AP, 9/7/06)(AP,
9/14/06)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct 6, The US State
Department offered a reward of up to $10 million for information
leading to the arrest and conviction of a suspected mastermind in
the nightclub bombings in 2002 in Bali, Indonesia.
   (AP, 10/6/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct 10, Indonesia said it
will test its stock of bird flu vaccine after a corruption scandal
involving production of sub-standard doses.
   (AFP, 10/10/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct 21, Indonesian police
said they had arrested four people allegedly involved in smuggling
hundreds of pounds of explosive materials from Malaysia into
Indonesia.
   (AP, 10/21/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct 29, In Indonesia
unidentified assailants attacked a group of high school girls in the
province of Central Sulawesi, beheading three and seriously wounding
a fourth. In 2006 three Muslim men were charged in the beheadings.
In 2007 Abdul Muis bin Kamarudin and Rahman Kalahe were sentenced to
19 years in prison for their crimes.
   (AP, 10/29/05)(AP, 11/3/06)(AP, 12/4/07)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct 31, A UN-sanctioned
panel investigating human rights violations during Indonesia's
bloody 24-year occupation of East Timor presented its findings to
the country's president.
   (AP, 10/31/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov 9, Azahari bin Husin,
one of southeast Asia's most-wanted terrorist suspects, was believed
to have been killed when an elite Indonesian anti-terrorism unit
stormed a suspected militant hideout on Java. He was accused of
plotting a series of deadly bombings in Bali.
   (AP, 11/9/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov 24, Indonesia expelled
Sidney Jones, an American expert on Southeast Asian terrorist
networks for one year, saying her activities could cause public
disorder.
   (AP, 11/25/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov 25, Indonesia said it
would begin producing the bird flu drug Tamiflu, while Vietnam and
China reported new outbreaks of the virus among poultry.
   (AP, 11/25/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 6, Indonesia’s central
bank raised interest rates by one-half percentage point to 12.75%
signaling a continuation of its tight monetary policy.
   (WSJ, 12/7/05, p.A16)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 6, The World Wildlife
Fund said a catlike creature photographed by camera traps on Borneo
Island is likely to be a new species of carnivore.
   (AP, 12/07/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 13, Senior Health
Ministry officials said Indonesia confirmed its ninth human death
from bird flu, taking the global death toll from the disease to 71,
all in Asia.
   (Reuters, 12/13/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 20, In Indonesia a
court convicted a pilot of poisoning a top human rights activist and
sentenced him to 14 years in prison. But the victim's widow alleged
there was a larger conspiracy and demanded an investigation into the
pilot's links with a senior intelligence official. The court said
Pollycarpus Priyanto, an off-duty pilot, placed a massive dose of
arsenic in Munir Thalib's meal on a Garuda Indonesia airlines flight
on Sept. 7, 2004, because he wanted to silence the outspoken
government critic.
   (AP, 12/20/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 27, In Indonesia a
year after the tsunami destroyed their battlefield, Aceh rebels
formally disbanded their armed wing, effectively ending their
30-year separatist insurgency.
   (AP, 12/27/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 27, East Timor's
president formally opened a consulate in Indonesia's neighbouring
West Timor province in an effort to strengthen relations between the
two nations.
   (AFP, 12/28/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 29, Indonesia's
military acknowledged for the first time that its commanders in
Papua had received "support" from a U.S. gold-mining giant,
responding to allegations that Freeport-McMoRan Co. gave the army
millions of dollars to protect its facilities in the remote
province.
   (AP, 12/29/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 31, In Palu,
Indonesia, a bomb packed with ball bearings and nails ripped through
a meat market crowded with holiday shoppers, killing at least eight
people and wounding 45.
   (AP, 12/31/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 31, Philippine
President Gloria Arroyo announced Indonesia's Lippo Group with local
partners is investing some three billion pesos (56.5 million
dollars) in a Philippine bank.
   (AP, 12/31/05)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â In Indonesia Andrea Hirata
authored his autobiographical novel ”The Rainbow Troops.” In 2013
Angie Kilbane made it available in English.
   (Econ, 2/9/13, p.80)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Indonesia established
direct elections for provincial governors and heads of districts and
municipalities, creating a new breed of accountable local officials.
   (Econ, 9/12/09, SR p.7)
2005Â Â Â Â Â Â Indonesia’s government
gave a 30-year permit to Putri Naga Komodo, a nonprofit joint
venture company partially funded by The Nature Conservancy and the
World Bank, to operate Komodo National Park tourist facilities in
hopes of eventually making the park financially self-sustaining. The
deal collapsed in 2010, when Putri Naga Komodo's permit was yanked.
   (AP, 4/20/12)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Jan 2, In central
Indonesia flash floods swept away hundreds houses and schools,
killing at least 57 people.
   (AP, 1/3/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Jan 4, In Indonesia
landslides triggered by heavy rains swept down on a village on Java
island, burying homes beneath tons of mud and leaving dozens of
people missing and feared dead. The number of dead or missing from
days of wet weather rose to over 200.
   (AP, 1/5/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Jan 11, In Indonesia
police arrested 12 suspects in the killings of 2 American teachers
in a 2002 ambush. The suspects include Anthonius Wamang, who was
indicted by a US grand jury in 2004 on two counts of murder, eight
counts of attempted murder and other related offenses in connection
with the slayings.
   (AP, 1/12/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Jan 17, Subur Sugiarto, an
alleged key aide to a Malaysian fugitive blamed for a series of
deadly terrorist attacks in Indonesia, was captured in the central
Javanese town of Boyolali en route to Jakarta. A local officer
alleged that Sugiarto was "a henchman" of Noordin Top, who is
believed to be a senior member of the al-Qaida-linked Southeast
Asian terror group Jemaah Islamiyah.
   (AP, 1/19/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Jan 20, Indonesian
security forces opened fire on a group of protesters outside a
central Papua police station, killing one person and injuring two.
   (AP, 1/24/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Jan 28, The UN Children
Fund (UNICEF) said 3 more children have contracted polio in
Indonesia, bringing the total cases to 302 since the crippling
disease resurfaced last year.
   (AFP, 1/28/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 1, In eastern
Indonesia naval vessels picked up 114 survivors from a passenger
ferry that went down in rough seas, but there was no sign of dozens
of others still missing.
   (AP, 2/1/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 2, Eight survivors
were rescued two days after an overcrowded Indonesian ferry sank in
rough seas on the western side of Timor island. At least 20 people
were still missing.
   (AP, 2/2/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 7, In Indonesia
scientists exploring an isolated jungle in remote Papua province
reported the discovery of dozens of new species of frogs,
butterflies and plants, as well as mammals hunted to near extinction
elsewhere.
   (AP, 2/7/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 9, In central
Indonesia an Islamic teacher named Sahal, suspected of involvement
in a Southeast Asian terrorist network, was arrested in the town of
Poso.
   (AP, 2/11/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 13, In Indonesia 2
Australians were sentenced to death for trying to smuggle 18.3
pounds of heroin in 2005 from the Indonesian resort island of Bali
to their homeland. In February, 2015, Myuran Sukumaran (33) and
Andrew Chan (31) faced immediate execution.
   (AP, 2/14/06)(SFC, 2/15/15, p.A6)(SSFC, 2/15/15,
p.A6)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 18, India confirmed
the H5N1 bird flu virus in chickens. Iran confirmed the virus in
wild swans. Indonesia confirmed its 19th death from the virus.
Germany France and Austria reported more dead birds. Nigeria claimed
to be bringing the virus under control.
   (AP, 2/18/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 22, Indonesia said a
27-year-old woman died of bird flu earlier in the week in Jakarta
and authorities prepared to scour the capital for infected poultry.
   (AP, 2/22/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 22, In Indonesia's
Papua province production at the world's largest gold and copper
mine, run by a local unit of New Orleans-based Freeport-McMoRan
Copper & Gold Inc, was suspended after illegal miners blocked
the road leading to the site.
   (AP, 2/22/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 25, In Indonesia's
Papua province protesters obstructing access to a mine owned by a
unit of US firm Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold Inc. called off
their blockade.
   (AP, 2/25/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Feb 25, Indonesia raised
its death toll due to the H5N1 strain of bird flu to 20 after tests
confirm that a woman (27) had succumbed to H5N1 in Jakarta on Feb
20.
   (AP, 2/25/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 4, Indonesia raised
its death toll due to the H5N1 strain of bird flu to 21 after tests
confirm that a boy (3) had succumbed to H5N1 in central Java.
   (AP, 3/4/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 7, A four-year-old
Indonesian boy became the latest suspected human casualty of bird
flu as the virus spread in Nigeria and Poland. A Russian virus
expert warned that a human pandemic was highly likely and told the
government to get ready.
   (AFP, 3/7/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 7, In central
Indonesia a 66-foot-high mountain of sand collapsed onto diggers,
killing at least 11 people in Cipatat village near West Java's
provincial capital of Bandung.
   (AP, 3/7/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 9, Exxon Mobil Corp.
said it would appeal the ruling by a US judge to allow villagers to
sue the oil giant for alleged abuses by Indonesian troops at
facilities it operated in Aceh province.
   (AP, 3/9/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 10, An Indonesian
health ministry official said Bird flu has killed its 22nd human
victim there, a 12-year-old girl, according to tests by the WHO's
Hong Kong laboratory.
   (AP, 3/10/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 13, Indonesia's
state-run oil and gas company Pertamina and Exxon Mobil Corp. agreed
to jointly operate the country's largest untapped oil field, ending
a five-year dispute that had shaken foreign investors' confidence in
the sprawling archipelago.
   (AP, 3/13/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 15, In Indonesia
protesters, demanding the closure of a US-owned gold mine in Papua,
clashed with police in the second day of violent protests in the
province.
   (AP, 3/15/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 16, In Indonesia
protesters killed four security officers after clashes broke out
during a rally demanding the closure of a US-owned gold mine in
Papua. The officers were either hacked or burned to death.
   (AP, 3/16/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 17, Some 93 whales
began beaching themselves in Indonesia's Central Sulawesi province.
About 50 died as local villagers dragged at least 40 back to the
open sea.
   (AFP, 3/19/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 18, Indonesian
authorities said they have detained another 11 people in Papua
province after three policemen and a soldier died in clashes with
protesters demanding closure of a giant mine run by US-based
Freeport-McMoran Cooper & Gold Inc. 57 people had already been
detained after the March 16 violence in the provincial capital,
Jayapura, on the northeastern shore of Papua. Shooting into the air,
the security forces pulled people out of their cars, kicking and
beating them.
   (AP, 3/18/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 19, Newmont Mining
suspended exploration on Indonesia's Sumbawa Island after
unidentified people torched a camp for its workers. A local
subsidiary said the "unlawful and violent action" by around 50
people had forced it close the Elang camp and suspend exploration
activities in the area.
   (AP, 3/20/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 22, Indonesia's Papua
remained tense with hundreds of students hiding in the jungle to
evade a police manhunt, as the death toll from riots over a US-run
mine rose to six.
   (AP, 3/22/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 24, Indonesia recalled
its ambassador in Australia in response to the granting of temporary
asylum to 42 of 43 Papuans who landed in northern Australia by boat
in January. The asylum request from the 43rd Papuan is still being
considered.
   (AFP, 3/26/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 25, It was reported
that Indonesia was losing almost 2m hectares of forest a year, an
area the size of Massachusetts or Wales. Timber stock continued to
disappear at a rate of 3% a year and over the last 15 years has
resulted in a loss of a third of the country’s stock.
   (Econ, 3/25/06, p.73)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Mar 31, Indonesia said it
has confirmed its 23rd bird flu fatality by tests carried out by the
World Health Organization (WHO). Local tests showed another patient
is infected.
   (AP, 3/31/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Apr 5, In Indonesia an
explosion in the headquarters of the paramilitary police command in
the western city of Medan killed two officers and injured several
others.
   (AP, 4/5/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Apr 7, A toned-down
edition of Playboy magazine went on sale in Indonesia, defying
threats of protests by Islamic hardliners in the world's most
populous Muslim nation.
   (AP, 4/7/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Apr 7, Australian PM John
Howard moved to ease Indonesian outrage over a decision to grant
visas to asylum-seekers from Papua, saying his government would
review the process.
   (AP, 4/7/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Apr 10, In Indonesia
separatist rebels armed with bows and arrows stormed a military post
in Papua province, sparking a battle that killed two soldiers and
two attackers.
   (AP, 4/11/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Apr 12, In Jakarta,
Indonesia, some 150 members of the Islamic Defenders' Front,
protesting Playboy's decision to launch an Indonesian edition of the
magazine, clashed with police and stoned the company's editorial
offices.
   (AP, 4/12/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Apr 13, In Indonesia
police asked Playboy magazine to stop publishing its Indonesian
edition out of fears it could enrage Muslims. Officials of the
publication said they were considering the request.
   (AP, 4/13/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Apr 14, In Indonesia a
passenger train bound for Jakarta crashed into another train stopped
at Gubuk station, killing at least 13 people and injuring more than
25.
   (AP, 4/15/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Apr 30, Pramoedya Ananta
Toer (b.1925), Indonesian writer, died in Jakarta. He was
jailed for 2 years by the Dutch in 1947 and spent years in a labor
camp under the Suharto regime. His novels included “Beauty Is a
Wound” and “This Earth Mankind.”
   (WSJ, 8/10/04, p.D8)(Econ 7/15/17, p.73)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â May 1, In Indonesia 3
Islamic militants were convicted and sentenced to prison for helping
shelter Southeast Asia's top terrorist mastermind and financing
bombings.
   (AP, 5/1/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â May 3, Indonesian police
detained the heads of the state electricity company Perusahaan
Listrik Negara (PLN) and a state fertilizer firm as suspects in
corruption cases.
   (AFP, 5/4/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â May 8, Indonesia said it
supported Iran's right to pursue nuclear technology for peaceful
means ahead of a visit to the country by President Mahmoud
Ahmadinejad.
   (AP, 5/8/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â May 9, Officials said Iran
will supply crude oil and equity investment to build an oil refinery
in Indonesia that will supply China and provide Iran with a secure
outlet in the face of possible sanctions.
   (WSJ, 5/10/06, p.A8)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â May 12, Indonesia dropped
corruption charges against former strongman Suharto, disappointing
those who struggled against his repressive rule and had long hoped
to see him brought to justice.
   (AP, 5/12/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â May 13, In Indonesia a
summit of 8 large Muslim countries largely skirted a diplomatic
nuclear crisis engulfing its member Iran but agreed that members
should cooperate to develop atomic energy.
   (AFP, 5/13/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â May 13, In central
Indonesia a landslide at a sand pit killed 11 workers, burying their
bodies beneath tons of mud and debris.
   (AP, 5/14/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â May 15, Indonesia’s Mount
Merapi erupted violently, sending searing gas clouds and burning
rocks down its scorched flanks and threatening villagers who refused
to leave because of ancient mystical beliefs.
   (AP, 5/15/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â May 17, Indonesia's bird
flu toll jumped to 30 after the World Health Organization (WHO)
confirmed five family members had died of the virus.
   (AFP, 5/17/06)(SFC, 5/19/06, p.A3)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â May 27, In central
Indonesia a 6.3 magnitude earthquake flattened homes and hotels on
Java Island as people slept, killing some 5,800 and injuring
thousands more in the nation's worst disaster since the 2004
tsunami.
   (AP, 5/30/06)(SFC, 6/10/06, p.B8)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â May 29, In Indonesia a
boiling mud flow began from a volcano in Sidoarjo, east Java. By
2007 it covered 1.6 square miles destroying 4 villages and 25
factories and forced 16,000 people to leave their homes. The mud
flow was triggered by the drilling operations for gas of Lapindo
Brantas, an energy company whose major shareholder was the
family-owned Bakrie Group. Aburizal Bakrie, head of economics in
Yudhoyono’s cabinet, called it a natural disaster and tried to sell
Lapindo to obscure offshore buyers. The sale was blocked and Bakrie
was moved to the post of coordinating minister of public welfare. In
Feb 2007 engineers began dropping large cement balls into the crater
in an attempt to stem the flow. In 2008 international scientists
said they are almost certain that the mud volcano was caused by
faulty drilling of a gas exploration well.Â
   (WSJ, 2/28/07, p.A1)(Econ, 12/1/07, p.58)(AP,
6/10/08)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â May 31, In Indonesia a
local health official said preliminary tests have found that bird
flu has killed another person, as the country struggles to get a
grip on a spike in cases.
   (AP, 5/31/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Jun 7, In Indonesia a
defiant but demure second issue of the Indonesian edition of US
adult glossy Playboy hit Jakarta's streets, weeks after publishers
halted operations following violent protests by Muslim hardliners.
   (AFP, 6/7/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Jun 14, In Indonesia Abu
Bakar Bashir (68), a reputed top leader of an al-Qaida-linked terror
group that has been blamed for the 2002 Bali bombings and other
deadly attacks, walked free from prison after serving 26 months for
conspiracy.
   (AP, 6/14/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Jun 16, In Indonesia 2 men
were found dead in the emergency bunker where they had sought
shelter from erupting Mount Merapi.
   (AP, 6/16/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Jun 20, Indonesian
officials said a 14-year-year-old boy died of bird flu last week,
raising the country's death toll to at least 39 people.
   (AP, 6/20/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Jun 21, Indonesian
officials said heavy rains unleashed floods and landslides on a
Sulawesi island, killing at least 112 people.
   (AP, 6/21/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Jun 22, A ship carrying
more than 100 passengers and crew sunk off Indonesia's Sumatra
island in bad weather. 73 people were rescued. Soldiers in central
Indonesia pulled bodies from villages razed by floods and
landslides, bringing the death toll from days of heavy rain to more
than 200 people.
   (AP, 6/22/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Jun 23, UN bird flu
experts said 7 recent deaths in Indonesia involved a viral mutation,
but one that didn’t spread beyond that gathering.
   (WSJ, 6/24/06, p.A1)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Jun 26, In central
Indonesia a police officer said floods triggered by heavy rain
killed 22 people, the second such disaster in the sprawling nation
in less than a week.
   (AP, 6/26/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Jun 29, In Indonesia
Playboy magazine's editor-in-chief and first centerfold model were
formally named by police as suspects in an indecency case against
the publication.
   (AP, 6/29/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Jul 2, Pirates in the
Strait of Malacca off Indonesia's coast boarded two UN-chartered
ships carrying construction material for the reconstruction of the
tsunami-hit Aceh. They stole and damaged equipment on the first ship
and robbed the crew of cash and personal belongings on the other.
   (AP, 7/4/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Jul 11, Indonesia passed a
law granting tsunami-ravaged Aceh province greater autonomy and
paving the way for elections, cementing the terms of a landmark 2005
peace accord with separatist rebels. The law allowed local political
parties and for the Acehnese to keep 70% of the revenues from their
oil and gas reserves.
   (AP, 7/11/06)(Econ, 7/15/06, p.42)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Jul 17, In Indonesia a
magnitude 7.7 earthquake sent a 6-foot-high tsunami crashing into
Pangandaran on Java island, killing at least 659 people with some
330 missing.
   (AP, 7/19/06)(AP, 7/22/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Jul 29, Daniel Lev (72), a
leading Indonesia scholar and longtime University of Washington
professor, died following a battle with lung cancer.
   (AP, 8/2/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 3, Siti Fadilah
Supari, Indonesia’s health minister, declared that genomic data on
bird flu viruses could be accessed by anyone.
   (Econ, 8/12/06, p.65)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 6, It was reported
that illegal logging in Indonesia’s Aceh province had risen to
record levels as people reached into virgin forests to rebuild some
130,000 homes destroyed in December, 2004, tsunami. Deforestation
across Indonesia had already led to a 40% loss in the last 50 years.
   (SSFC, 8/6/06, p.A20)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 7, Indonesia barred
Islamic militants from traveling to the Mideast to fight Israel
after a Jakarta group said more than 200 had already gone.
   (WSJ, 8/8/06, p.A1)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 8, Indonesian health
officials said 2 teenagers have died of bird flu. This would bring
Indonesia's death toll to 44 and make it the world's hardest-hit
country.
   (AP, 8/8/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 11, Indonesian
officials issued a last-minute stay of execution for three Christian
militiamen on death row, but they added that the sentences would
still be carried out. Fabianus Tibo, Marinus Riwu and
Dominggus da Silva, were scheduled to be executed August 12. They
had been sentenced to death for inciting and carrying out attacks on
Muslims in 2000 during religious violence on Sulawesi that left
1,000 dead from both faiths.
   (AP, 8/11/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 17, In Indonesia an
Islamic militant convicted in the 2002 Bali bombings was released
from prison and 11 others jailed for minor roles had their sentences
reduced to mark independence day.
   (AP, 8/17/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Aug 17, In Indonesia a
woman died of bird flu in a village where authorities were
investigating a possible cluster of human cases of the H5N1 virus.
   (AP, 8/20/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 2, Indonesia said it
will send up to 1,000 troops to southern Lebanon by the month's end,
after Israel dropped objections to its participation in the U.N.
peacekeeping force.
   (AP, 9/3/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 6, An Indonesian
appeals court sentenced four Australian members of a drug smuggling
ring to death, prompting a protest from the Australian government.
Scott Rush, Tan Duc Than Nguyen, Si Yi Chen and Matthew Norman had
originally received life terms for trying to take home more than 18
pounds of heroin from Indonesia's resort island of Bali last year.
   (AP, 9/6/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 22, In Indonesia
Christian mobs torched cars, blockaded roads and looted Muslim-owned
shops in violence touched off by the execution in Central Sulawesi
of 3 Roman Catholics convicted of instigating attacks on Muslims.
Fabianus Tibo (60), Marinus Riwu (48), and Dominggus da Silva (42),
were found guilty of leading a Christian militia that launched a
series of attacks on Muslims in May, 2000, that left at least 70
people dead. Some 200 prisoners escaped in the town of Atambua, and
only 20 had been recaptured by mid-afternoon.
   (AP, 9/22/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Sep 27, Indonesia’s
government said it will resettle more than 3,000 families whose
houses have been swamped by mud surging from a gas exploration site
and will dump the sludge into the sea to avoid more destruction. The
eruption took place 4 months earlier 150 meters from where PT
Lapindo Brantas was drilling an exploratory well. The company was
controlled by the family of Aburizal Bakrie, Indonesia’s welfare
minister.
   (AP, 9/27/06)(Econ, 10/7/06, p.51)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct 2, Smoke and ash from
land-clearing fires in Indonesia blanketed a large swath of the
country's west, sending air quality levels plummeting there and in
neighboring Singapore and Malaysia.
   (AP, 10/2/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct 11, Indonesia
apologized to Singapore and Malaysia for the choking haze over both
countries and agreed to convene a meeting of regional environment
ministers to tackle the problem. This was the worst smog since 1997
and 1998, when tens of thousands of people were hospitalized.
   (AP, 10/11/06)(Econ, 10/14/06, p.47)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct 13, An Indonesia a
woman (27) died from bird flu. 2 more deaths from the virus in the
next 2 days brought the nation's toll to 55.
   (AP, 10/17/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct 16, In central
Indonesia an unidentified gunman killed a Christian priest, where
religious tensions have been mounting since the executions last
month of three Roman Catholic militants.
   (AP, 10/16/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct 17, Indonesian
television broadcast the photo of Sudjiono Timan, a fugitive
convicted of embezzling millions of dollars in state funds as part
of a new campaign against corruption. Timan, was sentenced in
absentia to 15 years in jail for embezzling $140 million after his
bank received emergency funds meant to bail out banks crippled
during Indonesia's 1998 financial crisis. This was the first
installment of a weekly TV program exposing people convicted of
corruption, which remains endemic at all levels of government.
   (AP, 10/19/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct 24, In Indonesia 2
Islamic militants jailed for the Bali bombings that killed 202
people were freed. Mujarod bin Salim and Sirojul Munir had been
convicted of hiding two of the bomb plotters. 9 others had their
sentences reduced 45 days to mark the end of the Islamic fasting
month.
   (AP, 10/24/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct 30, Hutomo Mandala
Putra (44), the youngest son of former dictator Suharto, was paroled
from prison after serving less than a third of his 15-year sentence
for ordering the assassination of a Supreme Court judge.
   (AP, 10/30/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Oct, Indonesia began a
massive crackdown on illegal smelters on the island of Bangka. 37
smelters were shut down for lack of proper licenses.
   (Econ, 3/3/07, p.81)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov 8, Indonesian troops
found detonators and 63 tons of explosive powder on a Chinese ship
anchored off Batam island after it broke down in the Malacca Strait.
   (AP, 11/8/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov 10, Asian nations
reached their first international agreement to implement what has
been dubbed the "Iron Silk Road." Armenia, Azerbaijan, Cambodia,
China, Indonesia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Laos, Russia, South Korea,
Turkey and seven other nations agreed to meet at least every two
years to identify vital rail routes, coordinate standards and
financing and plan upgrades and expansions, among other measures.
The UN first conceived the Trans-Asian Railway Network in 1960.
   (AP, 11/10/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov 10, A first batch of
Indonesian troops arrived in Beirut to join a UN peacekeeping force,
whose commander warned of growing tensions in south Lebanon.
   (AFP, 11/10/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov 12, The Australian
government denied that a new security pact with Indonesia means that
it would be party to the suppression of Indonesian separatists. The
new agreement was to be signed Nov 13 on the Indonesian resort
island of Lombok.
   (AP, 11/12/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov 20, President Bush in
Indonesia shrugged off protests that greeted him in the world's most
populous Muslim nation, calling it a sign of a healthy democracy.
Bush praised Indonesia's "pluralism and its diversity" and said that
the world should look to the predominantly Muslim country as an
example.
   (AP, 11/20/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov 22, Indonesia's
foreign minister said that his country would be willing to send
peacekeepers to Iraq and could encourage other Muslim countries to
do the same.
   (AP, 11/22/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Nov 25, A third batch of
Indonesians left to join a UN peacekeeping force in Lebanon,
bringing the Asian nation's Middle East deployment to more than 830
troops.
   (AP, 11/25/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 7, The Constitutional
Court ruled Indonesia's much-criticized truth and reconciliation
commission to be illegal, casting doubt on whether victims of former
dictator Suharto will ever see justice.
   (AP, 12/8/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 11, In Indonesia
Irwandi Yusuf, a former GAM rebel leader, headed to easy victory in
the first elections in Aceh province since the government and the
separatists signed a peace deal in the tsunami-ravaged region last
year.
   (AP, 12/11/06)(Econ, 12/16/06, p.40)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 15, In Indonesia a
landslide swept over a remote village on Sumatra island before dawn,
killing at least 17 people.
   (AP, 12/15/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 18, In Indonesia a
moderate earthquake killed at least seven people and injured 100,
spreading panic across a large swath of Sumatra, the island worst
hit by the 2004 Asian tsunami.
   (AP, 12/18/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 19, In Indonesia's
Central Java province 10 people, mostly teenagers, were killed and
dozens injured in a stampede at a packed music concert.
   (AFP, 12/20/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 21, Indonesia
overturned a terror conviction against the militant Islamic cleric
Abu Bakar Bashir, who served 2 1/2 years for conspiracy in the 2002
Bali nightclub bombings that killed more than 200 people.
   (AP, 12/21/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 23, In Indonesia 12
people were dead and dozens remain missing while more than 70,000
have fled their homes as floods swept the island of Sumatra.
   (AP, 12/23/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 24, Officials said at
least 94 people were killed and dozens left missing by floods in
Indonesia and Malaysia. Looting broke out in areas of Malaysia
abandoned because of rising waters.
   (AP, 12/24/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 28, The Tri Star I, a
passenger ferry, capsized in rough waters off Indonesia’s coast of
Sumatra, leaving one dead and 36 missing.
   (AP, 12/29/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 29, The Senopati
Nusantara, a crowded Indonesian ferry, broke apart and sank in the
Java Sea during a violent storm. The vast majority of the nearly 640
passengers were still missing a day later. Some 200 people survived
the sinking.
   (AP, 12/30/06)(Reuters, 1/1/07)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec 31, Indonesian rescue
boats picked up some 177 exhausted survivors from the Senopati
Nusantara, an Indonesian ferry that sank in the Java Sea, but they
also recovered dozens of bodies and around 400 people remained
missing.
   (AP, 12/31/06)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Dec, In Indonesia the
Constitutional Court struck out clauses in the criminal code that
made it a crime to insult senior figures.
   (Econ, 5/24/08, p.64)
2006Â Â Â Â Â Â Indonesia overtook
Malaysia as the world’s largest producer of palm oil.
   (Econ, 9/12/09, SR p.10)
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End of file.